Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"Age-stratified validation of the performance index (P-Index) as a metric for dual-task cost in functional mobility across the adult lifespan","authors":"Aniuska Schiavo ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Tiecker ,&nbsp;Mariana dos Santos Oliveira ,&nbsp;Nathalia Roman Ross ,&nbsp;Fabiane de Oliveira Brauner ,&nbsp;Gustavo Balbinot ,&nbsp;Régis Gemerasca Mestriner","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the predictive validity of the Performance Index (P-Index), a metric that integrates functional mobility and accuracy of cognitive responses to quantify dual-task (DT) performance, for cognitive outcomes measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) across the adult lifespan during the instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 247 participants from diverse age groups who completed single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) iTUG tests in a semi-randomized order. The P-Index (range: 0–1) was calculated using iTUG completion times (measured with inertial sensors) and cognitive task accuracy (backward recitation of days of the week), with weighted components for time (W₁) and accuracy (W₂).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>The relationship between the P-Index and MMSE scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The optimal weighting for predictive accuracy was W₁ = 0.6 and W₂ = 0.4, yielding a P-Index threshold of 0.90 with a sensitivity of 0.69 and specificity of 0.64 for detecting MMSE scores ≥ 26. Participants who reported depressive symptoms (OR: 1.19, p = 0.02) were less likely to achieve MMSE ≥ 26. Conversely, each additional medication (OR: 1.04, p = 0005) and each unit increase in the P-Index significantly improved the odds of higher MMSE scores (OR: 3.89, p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The P-Index reliably measures dual-task interference and serves as a strong predictor of cognitive performance across the adult lifespan. It shows potential as a practical tool for cognitive-motor assessments and early detection of cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of standing postural sway without vision depend on the action and duration of stretched ankle muscles","authors":"Taylor M. Gauss ,&nbsp;Rhys M. Lormand ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Yeomans ,&nbsp;Julio B. Morales ,&nbsp;Cédrick T. Bonnet ,&nbsp;Jan M. Hondzinski","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In the literature, the impact of stretching on postural sway remains unclear. Potential differences across studies involve stretching different muscle groups or stretching muscle groups for different durations, which may alter proprioception abilities and postural sway. We questioned whether flexibility imbalances from short-term stretching of plantar flexors would increase postural sway and proprioception compared to short-term stretching of dorsiflexors and plantar flexors and whether postural sway and proprioception would increase with increased short-term stretch durations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tested whether stretching opposing ankle muscles (opposed—plantar flexors and dorsiflexors) or non-opposing muscles (non-opposed—plantar flexors) for various times (0 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s) could influence standing sway and/or proprioception. Young adults received 2–4 bouts of ankle stretches to discomfort before performing static stance (participants stood still with eyes closed for 45 s on a force plate) and ankle proprioception (participants actively matched remembered ankle angles, measured with a goniometer) tasks after 30 s of opposed versus non-opposed stretching (Experiment 1 A) or various stretch times for non-opposed (Experiment 1B) and opposed (Experiment 2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results revealed worse performance, thus increased variability of medio-lateral (ML) center of pressure (CoP) and lower ML CoP sample entropy, indicating less automation of sway, after opposed stretching compared to no stretch and/or non-opposed (Experiment 1 A) as well as increased ML CoP displacement and variability of ML CoP and lower ML CoP sample entropy after 45 s of opposed stretches compared to no stretch (Experiment 2). Stretching did not significantly influence proprioception; however, proprioception error negatively correlated with variability of ML CoP and ML CoP displacement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The better ability to actively reproduce ankle positioning associates with a better internal sense of position and encourages an internal focus on movement, known to increase postural sway. Care should be taken with stretched-induced hypermobility in a balance-challenged environment like that with eyes closed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of elastic ankle braces and anticipation conditions on lower limb biomechanics during badminton lunge movements","authors":"Liwei Deng ,&nbsp;Ziqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Leichao Liang ,&nbsp;Yunqi Tang ,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing elastic ankle braces under anticipated and unanticipated conditions on lower limb biomechanics during badminton lunge steps and assess the associated risks of ankle and knee joint injuries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixteen male badminton players performed left-front lunges in four scenarios (anticipated/unanticipated conditions× with/without brace), assessed via 3D motion capture (Qualisys, 200 Hz) and force plates (Kistler, 1000 Hz), a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) were used to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Wearing ankle braces reduced the peak ankle inversion moment (<em>p</em> = 0.042) but increased the knee valgus angle of the movement (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.006) compared to without brace under anticipated conditions. The main effect of unanticipation significantly increased the peak ankle inversion angle (<em>p</em> = 0.003) and knee varus moment (<em>p</em> = 0.024) compared to anticipated conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elastic ankle braces can potentially reduce ankle injury risk during badminton lunges but may increase stress on the knee joint, particularly under unanticipated conditions. These findings suggest that while ankle braces are beneficial for ankle protection, caution is needed due to their potential impact on knee joint mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-retest reliability and variability of self-reported normal treadmill walking speeds in adults aged 20–80 years old","authors":"Hunter Carswell,&nbsp;Alison Schinkel-Ivy","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Overground walking speeds show good to excellent reliability. However, intra-session test-retest reliability and variability of self-reported speeds during treadmill walking have not been quantified. Additionally, literature surrounding the effects of age on variability of overground walking speeds has presented mixed findings.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated intra-session test-retest reliability and variability of self-reported normal speeds during a treadmill walking speed protocol, and changes in these measures across adults aged 20–80 years old.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self-reported normal treadmill walking speeds were collected in two bouts (six and three speeds, respectively) during one session from 59 participants (20–80 years old). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman plots were derived for four sets of self-reported speeds, for the full sample and each age group (grouped by decade).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most ICCs presented good to excellent reliability (ICCs ≥ 0.80), with SEMs ≤ 0.45 km/h and ≤ 12 %. The earliest and latest self-reported speeds in each set of analyzed speeds contributed the most variation. The oldest groups demonstrated decreased reliability and increased variability compared to adults in the middle age groups, with similarly low reliability among the youngest group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Results provide insight into the magnitude, patterns, and sources of reliability and variability in self-reported normal speeds during treadmill walking. Furthermore, reliability and variability of self-reported speeds during treadmill walking may be affected by age and/or walking speed. These findings may have utility for research and clinical settings, for applications in which reliably identifying normal walking speeds while minimizing time burden is an important consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 266-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Hawthorne effect influence gait assessment in stroke patients?","authors":"Wieneke van Oorschot ,&nbsp;Michelle van Mierlo ,&nbsp;Jean Ormiston ,&nbsp;Noël Keijsers ,&nbsp;Jorik Nonnekes","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gait assessments are essential in post-stroke rehabilitation to quantify impairments, identify underlying causes, and guide treatment. Gait assessments may, however, be influenced by the “Hawthorne effect”, the phenomenon of behavioral change in response to observation<em>.</em> This has not been studied properly in people post-stroke. This study examined the Hawthorne effect during post-stroke gait assessment, distinguishing between observation only and observation plus awareness of gait measurement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty adults post-stroke walked during three gait conditions: unobserved walking, walking while being observed, and walking with observation plus awareness of gait measurement. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were collected using inertial measurement units. Primary outcome was gait speed. Secondary outcomes were stride length, stride time, stride time variance and stance time symmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in gait speed<em>,</em> stride length, and stride time. Post-hoc tests showed that observation plus awareness of measurement led to higher gait speed (p = 0.004, diff=0.05 m/s) and stride length (p = 0.010, diff=0.03 m), and shorter stride time (p = 0.020, diff=-0.03 s) compared to unobserved walking. Gait speed was also higher (p = 0.004, diff=0.03 m/s) and stride time was also shorter (p = 0.040, diff=-0.02 s) in the observed plus measured condition compared to the observed condition. No significant differences were found between the observed and unobserved condition, or for stride time variance and stance time symmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While observation plus awareness of gait measurement significantly influenced gait parameters post-stroke, changes were small and did not exceed the minimal clinical important differences. Thus, the Hawthorne effect is unlikely to influence clinical decision-making during post-stroke gait assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 190-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of marker placement on angular kinematics in transfemoral osseointegrated prosthesis users — A longitudinal case-series study","authors":"Reihaneh Ravari ,&nbsp;Mayank Rehani ,&nbsp;Justin Lewicke ,&nbsp;Albert H. Vette ,&nbsp;Jacqueline S. Hebert","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The accuracy of biomechanical data using a Helen Hayes model in instrumented gait analysis can be significantly affected by soft tissue artifacts (STA).</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How can STA be quantified and the accuracy of angular kinematics be improved in transfemoral osseointegrated prosthesis gait analysis?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To quantify STA associated with the thigh marker, we examined 12 data sets for which an <em>implant marker</em> was added to the Helen Hayes marker set, placed on the thigh segment of four transfemoral osseointegrated prosthesis users. This marker was located on the implant connection extending from the femur. We aimed to identify differences in the calculated range of motion (ROM) during gait when using implant, medial knee, or thigh markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate significant differences in ROM for hip rotation and knee varus/valgus between markers for all but one participant (p &lt; .05). Hip rotation differences between the thigh and implant markers exceeded 10˚ for one participant and were about 5˚ for two others. Knee varus/valgus ROM differences between markers ranged from 3˚ to 9˚ for three participants. No significant differences were found for hip flexion/extension, hip abduction/adduction, or knee flexion/extension for most participants.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Using an implant marker in transfemoral osseointegrated prosthesis users results in more accurate femoral tracking than using the thigh marker. Due to the similarity in angular kinematics observed between the medial knee and implant markers, the medial knee or the implant marker should be used as an alternative to the thigh marker for osseointegrated transfemoral prosthesis users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke-related factors associated with gait asymmetry in ambulatory stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jinyao Xu ,&nbsp;Jeremy Witchalls ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Preston ,&nbsp;Li Pan ,&nbsp;Gordon Waddington ,&nbsp;Roger Adams ,&nbsp;Jia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gait asymmetry, characterized by spatial (e.g., step length) and temporal (e.g., swing time) differences between the paretic and non-paretic limbs, is common after stroke. Despite increasing research on gait asymmetry, its associations with stroke-related factors remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate these associations and provide insights for post-stroke rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus identified observational studies published between January 2000 and June 2024. Studies examining the relationship between stroke-related factors and post-stroke gait asymmetry were included. Meta-analyses were performed on factors with sufficient data, extracting correlation coefficients (r) to estimate effect sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, with eight studies (n = 468 participants) included in meta-analyses. Temporal asymmetry was significantly associated with lower limb motor and sensory deficits (r = −0.73; 95 % CI: −0.88 to −0.57; p &lt; 0.01), leg strength (r = −0.50; 95 % CI: −0.64 to −0.36; p &lt; 0.01), spasticity (r = 0.51; 95 % CI: 0.31–0.72; p &lt; 0.01), and overall motor performance (r = −0.68; 95 % CI: −0.74 to −0.61; p &lt; 0.01). Spatial asymmetry was significantly associated with leg strength (r = −0.31; 95 % CI: −0.45 to −0.17; p &lt; 0.01), spasticity (r = 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.49–0.85; p &lt; 0.01), and overall lower limb impairments (r = −0.44; 95 % CI: −0.64 to −0.23; p &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Lower limb motor and sensory deficits, along with overall motor performance, were the factors most strongly associated with temporal asymmetry. Spasticity and/or contracture was the factor most strongly associated with spatial asymmetry. These findings highlight the need to assess and manage gait asymmetry separately in post-stroke rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The portable Sway mobile application is a valid tool to measure balance when compared with a gold standard and is sensitive to change following foot mobilisation","authors":"Claire Tucak ,&nbsp;Nanako Tateishi ,&nbsp;Leanne Cormack ,&nbsp;Robyn Fary","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maintaining balance is important throughout the lifespan and being able to measure balance accurately in a clinical setting is essential. However, balance measures used in clinical settings have limited accuracy and sensitivity to change and gold standards for balance measurement are not easily available outside the laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is the Sway mobile application a valid tool that is sensitive to change for use in a clinical setting when measured against the gold standard SMART EquiTest System?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The balance of 50 healthy adults aged 18–40 years was measured via unilateral stance test (UST) a) using the SMART EquiTest System and b) using the Sway App, before and after 6 minutes of Bobath foot mobilisation on each foot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Statistically significant correlations were noted between SMART EquiTest System and the Sway App in three out of four eyes-closed tests (Spearman’s rho range −0.55 to −0.75, p &lt; 0.001), with statistically significant improvements in balance noted after foot mobilisation, when tested with eyes closed via UST a) using SMART EquiTest System (right: p = 0.007, left: p &lt; 0.001), and b) using Sway App (right: p = 0.005, left: p &lt; 0.001). Effect sizes ranged from small to medium (0.27–0.44).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sway App results mirrored those of the SMART EquiTest system both before and after a foot mobilisation intervention demonstrating Sway App validity and sensitivity to change in the healthy population. Given demonstrated sensitivity to change, further work may now be done to determine if Sway App results can be extended to the clinical setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 150-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of carbon fiber custom dynamic orthosis stiffness on lower limb motion and loading during gait: A pilot study","authors":"Kirsten M. Anderson ,&nbsp;Wesley J. Gari ,&nbsp;Sara M. Magdziarz ,&nbsp;Molly S. Pacha ,&nbsp;Donald D. Anderson ,&nbsp;Jason M. Wilken","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Traumatic lower limb injuries can have long-lasting detrimental effects. Carbon fiber custom dynamic orthoses (CDOs) are used to improve function, reduce pain, and alter foot loading following such injuries. Most prior investigations in this area have focused on very stiff CDOs designed to return patients back to physically demanding activities, with few studies evaluating more compliant CDOs.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Does CDO stiffness influence gait kinematics and kinetics, ground reaction forces, and forces acting on the foot in individuals following traumatic injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven individuals who had sustained a unilateral distal tibia intra-articular fracture completed testing without an orthosis and in three CDOs of differing stiffnesses (Compliant, Moderate, Stiff). Biomechanical gait data were collected while participants walked at a controlled speed. Instrumented insoles were used to measure peak forces and force impulse for the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, and total foot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant effects on joint kinematics and kinetics were primarily observed at the ankle. All CDOs significantly reduced ankle motion and power compared to walking without a CDO. Moderate and Stiff CDOs both significantly reduced knee flexion at initial contact. All CDOs significantly reduced peak medial and braking ground reaction forces compared to walking without a CDO. Peak hindfoot force was significantly reduced with Compliant and Stiff CDOs. Peak forefoot force and forefoot force impulse were significantly reduced with all CDOs. Large effect sizes were observed for most significant pairwise comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Study CDOs similarly reduced ankle motion while allowing greater power generation compared to very stiff CDOs in previous publications. Peak hindfoot force, peak forefoot force, and forefoot force impulse were significantly reduced with CDO use. The limited effect of CDO stiffness on outcomes suggests that more compliant CDOs may be sufficient in individuals where pain with motion and loading is a primary consideration following traumatic injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking speed and incline impact on mediolateral-stability control","authors":"Nanami Kanda ,&nbsp;Naohiko Kanemura ,&nbsp;Keisuke Hirata","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Controlling and stabilizing the body are crucial for walking on an inclined path. Healthy individuals adjust their gait to improve stability by reducing stride length and increasing cadence. Incline influences anteroposterior stability; however, its effects on mediolateral stability are inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>What are the effects of walking inclination and speed on mediolateral stability using foot placement quantified by explained variance (EV)?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen healthy young adults walked on a treadmill under four speed (moderate 0.83 m/s, fast 1.0 m/s) and grade (0 and +6° inclines) combinations. The participants wore markers and surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes. A motion-capture system captured the three-dimensional marker data. The relative EV was used to calculate the ratio between the predicted and actual foot-placement variances. The EV and EMG parameters were tested to identify statistically significant differences between conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two-way analysis of variance revealed no significant interaction between the condition and speed in EV and most EMG measurements, except for the vastus medialis (<em>p</em> = 0.03). Additionally, speed and incline significantly affected all EMG values (<em>p</em> = 0.001–0.04 and 0.0001–0.003, respectively); however, incline did not affect EV. The EMG was higher in incline than in the level condition.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Foot placement was used to identify the effects of walking inclination and speed on mediolateral stability control. Walking speed and incline affect mediolateral stability and muscle activation differently, with higher speeds improving stability and incline increasing quadriceps activation. This highlights the need to incorporate varied speeds and targeted muscle strengthening in rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}