Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"Postoperative forward flexion loss in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: How it relates to the lowest instrumented vertebra and function","authors":"Sebastiaan Schelfaut ,&nbsp;Thijs Ackermans ,&nbsp;Fred Ruythooren ,&nbsp;Tom Leppens ,&nbsp;Pierre Moens ,&nbsp;Anja Van Campenhout ,&nbsp;Lieven Moke ,&nbsp;Lennart Scheys","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Spinal fusion is a common treatment for severe, progressive Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). Maximum safe preservation of motion segments, particularly in the lumbar spine, is a widely accepted surgical goal. However, the specific relationship between reduced spinal motion and fusion length/lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) and its effect on functional outcomes remains largely unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is there a difference in trunk mobility and functional outcomes between thoracolumbar (TL) and thoracic-only (T) fusion groups? Additionally, is a greater loss of seated forward flexion trunk mobility after fusion in AIS patients associated with worse functional outcomes and a greater LIV score?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study includes 37 AIS patients (11–29 y), with a mean follow-up of 1-year. Data collected preoperatively, at 3-months, and 1-year included structural, motion, and functional assessments (PROMs and activity tracking). These were compared between groups experiencing greater reduction in trunk mobility (high RoM loss) and those with lesser reduction of trunk mobility (low RoM loss), as well as between thoracolumbar (TL) and thoracic (T) fusion groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 3 months follow-up, the high RoM loss group demonstrated significantly lower SRS function scores (p = 0.028), and significantly higher LIV score (p = 0.032) compared to the low RoM loss group. No significant difference in fusion length between low and high RoM loss groups was found (p = 0.630). Notably, the TL fusion group exhibited greater percentage changes in trunk mobility at 3 months compared to the T fusion group, although these differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, SRS-function score and SC showed no significant differences between T and TL fusion groups.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These results suggest that a greater reduction in trunk mobility could lead to poorer functional outcomes at 3 months follow-up and may be associated with a more distally located LIV following fusion surgery in AIS patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral butyrate improves postural balance by repairing leaky gut in geriatric adults","authors":"Rizwan Qaisar ,&nbsp;M. Shahid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Firdos Ahmad ,&nbsp;Asima Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postural imbalance in older adults is a common problem and is partly due to a leaky gut. However, the effective treatments are poorly known. We investigated the effects of butyrate supplementation on postural imbalance and intestinal leak in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited geriatric adult men into placebo (n = 66, age range=73.2 ± 3.4 years) and butyrate (n = 64, age range=70.4 ± 2.9 years) groups. The butyrate group received oral butyrate (300 mg/day) for 16 weeks. We measured postural balance in supine, tandem, and semi-tandem positions using a standardized tool. We also measured handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, plasma zonulin and lipopolysaccharides-binding protein (LBP) levels as markers of intestinal leak in the study participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, the balance scores, HGS, gait speed, plasma zonulin, and LBP levels were similar in the two groups. Butyrate supplementation was associated with a significant increase in HGS and gait speed and a reduction in plasma zonulin and LBP levels (all p &lt; 0.05), which were not observed in the placebo group. Participants with higher postural balance exhibited higher HGS, gait speed, and lower plasma zonulin and LBP than participants with poor postural balance. We also observed dynamic associations of balance scores with HGS, gait speed, plasma zonulin, and LBP levels in the butyrate group. However, plasma CRP and 8-isoprostane levels were not affected by the butyrate supplement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Altogether, butyrate mitigates postural imbalance in older adults, which, at least partly, involves intestinal mucosal repair and improvement in skeletal muscle strength and gait speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 370-376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement and error feedback differentially impact motor exploration during locomotion","authors":"Julia Gray ,&nbsp;Adam Roth ,&nbsp;Hendrik Reimann ,&nbsp;John Buggeln ,&nbsp;Joshua G.A. Cashaback ,&nbsp;John Jeka","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Reinforcement and error feedback are known to encourage motor exploration and learning. Studies of the upper limb have shown that reaches that are not rewarded lead to greater exploration, because the nervous system utilizes knowledge of movement variability to update aim towards a successful “reinforced” action. The current study investigated how reinforcement and error feedback influences motor exploration while walking and its impact on upright balance control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four healthy young subjects walked on an instrumented treadmill with a 180° virtual reality screen presenting feedback on their step length or step width. Subjects were instructed to match a target step length or width. Visual error feedback displayed their left foot step length or width as a black line within a target area. Reinforcement feedback displayed a gray target box that would turn blue when their left foot stepped within the box. We calculated lag-1 autocorrelations to assess exploratory behavior. Linear models of ankle roll and step placement were applied to assess whether the recruitment of balance mechanisms differed across feedback conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both baseline walking and reinforcement feedback conditions led to greater motor exploration than error feedback for step length, but not for step width. Error feedback yielded corrective behavior, narrowing in on the target center regardless of target direction. Lag-1 values during reinforcement feedback were similar to baseline walking for both target directions. Analysis of the balance mechanisms showed that step width feedback changed balance strategy use. Center of mass was less predictive of ankle roll for the step width target conditions than at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The regulation of step length follows similar trends to the regulation of upper body reaching behaviour under both error and reinforcement feedback. However, maintaining balance leads to reduced exploration for step width targets, and altered balance mechanism use in response to feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 377-383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait modification using an insole with protrusions enhancing plantar sensory feedback reduces maximum external knee joint adduction moment in patients with knee osteoarthritis","authors":"Ryota Okoba ,&nbsp;Kazunori Okamura ,&nbsp;Shusaku Kanai ,&nbsp;Satoshi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Daisuke Senzaki ,&nbsp;Masaki Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression is linked to increased mechanical stress in the medial knee compartment. The knee adduction moment (KAM) is a key indicator of this stress. The KAM can be reduced by adjusting the center of pressure (COP) trajectory during gait. Short-term training using plastic hemispherical protrusion stickers to enhance plantar sensory feedback enables voluntary control of the COP trajectory of healthy individuals. However, the effectiveness of this intervention for patients with knee OA is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This study aimed to verify whether gait modification training using an insole with enhanced plantar sensory feedback through protrusions can decrease the KAM and knee adduction angle during gait of patients with knee OA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two patients with knee OA underwent a three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis under control and insole conditions. Under the control condition, measurements were performed without any protrusions. Under the insole condition, hemispherical protrusions were attached to the heel and first metatarsal head. Participants received training to control their COP trajectory by loading onto the protrusions. Then, measurements were performed without protrusions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The insole condition significantly reduced the maximum KAM (p &lt; 0.001), knee adduction angle at the maximum KAM (p = 0.002), and knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI) (p = 0.013) compared with those under the control condition. No statistically significant differences were observed in step length and ground reaction force magnitude at the maximum KAM.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This intervention can effectively reduce the KAM and knee adduction angle of patients with knee OA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 340-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinopelvic parameters during gait revealed through biplane radiography","authors":"Connor Luck ,&nbsp;Ethan Ruh ,&nbsp;Edward Godbold ,&nbsp;Camille Johnson ,&nbsp;Ashley Disantis ,&nbsp;Naomi Frankston ,&nbsp;Shaquille Charles ,&nbsp;Craig Mauro ,&nbsp;William Anderst ,&nbsp;Michael McClincy","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Spinopelvic alignment impacts hip mechanics and influences hip morphologies in healthy populations. Pelvic incidence (PI) and sacral slope (SS) are spinopelvic parameters that influence pelvic orientation, but their impact on gait is less understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships of PI with dynamic SS and hip kinematics during gait, and to identify sex-based differences in PI and SS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Synchronized biplane radiographs of the hip were collected from 24 participants during walking, and subject-specific 3D bone models were created from CT images. Three-dimensional hip kinematics during gait were calculated after matching the bone models to the biplane radiographs using a validated registration process. PI was measured in CT images and SS was measured from 3D bone models. Pearson and Spearman correlation was used to identify associations between PI and SS and hip kinematics normalized to standing, and unpaired t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to identify sex-based differences in PI and SS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a positive correlation between PI and maximum SS (ρ=0.671, p = 0.002) and minimum SS (ρ=0.639, p = 0.003) during gait. Greater PI was correlated with less maximum hip flexion (r = -0.365, p = 0.014) and more maximum hip extension (r = -0.407, p = 0.006) during gait. There were no sex-based differences in PI (p = 0.65) nor SS (p = 0.53).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PI and dynamic SS are associated with each other and with hip flexion and extension endpoints during gait. This provides insight into the relationship between static pelvis orientation from CT and dynamic pelvis and hip kinematics during gait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can gait analysis identify relapse in children with congenital talipes equinovarus? A systematic review & meta-analysis","authors":"Jenna Shepherd ,&nbsp;Darren Puttock ,&nbsp;Pip Divall ,&nbsp;Anna C. Peek","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a common congenital condition. Following initial treatment patients can relapse, requiring further intervention. Gait analysis evaluates kinematics throughout gait, which have been demonstrated to differ between CTEV children and typically developing children. However, it is unclear whether there is a difference in kinematic parameters between those with CTEV who relapse and those who do not. We therefore aimed to synthesise current evidence to answer this question and to determine whether gait analysis could play a role in relapse monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Emcare and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies comparing gait analysis in children &lt; 18 years with CTEV with and without relapse. End points included Gait Deviation Index (GDI) score and individual kinematic parameters. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 BE to calculate pooled mean-difference in GDI score, walking-velocity and stride-length between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies were included (264 participants, 301 feet). Reduced dorsiflexion and increased forefoot adduction and supination were detected by gait analysis in relapse. Lower GDI scores were observed in relapse compared to non-relapse (pooled mean-difference 5.23,95 % CI 2.33–8.13,p &lt; 0.001). No overall difference was detected in walking-velocity (pooled mean-difference 0.05 m/s,95 % CI 0–0.11,p = 0.06) or stride-length (pooled mean-difference 0.04 m,95 % CI 0.02–0.1,p = 0.18).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Differences in GDI score and individual kinematic parameters, particularly of the forefoot, are detected between relapse and non-relapse through gait analysis, suggesting gait analysis may have a potential role to aid detection of relapse.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>Level IV</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 352-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of executive function domains on cognitive and gait performance during dual task walking in healthy young adults: A preliminary study","authors":"Yong-Wei Lim ,&nbsp;Shiuan-Ling Huang ,&nbsp;Yan-Ci Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dual-task walking (DTW) is commonly used to assess EF, yet most research has focused either on motor task difficulty or the influence of a single EF domain. This study addresses the gap by examining multiple EF domains during DTW.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the impact of different executive function (EF) domains on dual-task walking (DTW) in healthy young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 29 healthy young adults completed tasks representing inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, both individually and while walking. Correct response speed (CRS) for EF tasks and dual-task cost (DTC) for CRS, gait speed, and overall interference were measured across different EF domains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The backward digit span task (working memory) exhibited the highest CRS in both single-task and dual-task conditions, while the naming task (cognitive flexibility) had the slowest CRS. Gait performance was best during single walking, followed by walking while performing the Stroop task (WS), backward digit span task (WB), and naming task (WN). Significantly higher DTCs for CRS were observed during WB, and for gait speed during WN. WN demonstrated the highest overall interference, while working memory showed similar levels of cognitive and motor interference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Different EF domains exert varying levels of interference on dual-task walking. Cognitive flexibility demonstrated the highest overall interference, while working memory showed similar levels of cognitive and motor interference.</div></div><div><h3>Application</h3><div>These findings are valuable for selecting assessments and planning interventions to improve dual-tasking abilities, particularly in populations at risk for cognitive-motor interference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of wide-stance gait, foot progression modification and lateral trunk lean on knee contact forces in healthy adults: A musculoskeletal modelling-based study","authors":"Imaan Atia ,&nbsp;Ransi S.S. Subasinghe Arachchige ,&nbsp;Manish Sreenivasa ,&nbsp;Roy T.H. Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of wide-stance, toe-in, and lateral trunk lean gait modifications on knee joint contact forces (KCF) in healthy participants through motion capture and musculoskeletal modelling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty healthy participants completed walking trials under four gait conditions: natural walking, wide stance, toe-in, and lateral trunk lean. Walking biomechanics were recorded using an 8-camera motion capture system, synchronised with four ground reaction force plates. Kinematic and kinetic data were used to calculate right-limb KCF during early and late stance using an OpenSim-based musculoskeletal model. Within-subject differences in KCF across the four walking conditions were evaluated using a linear mixed model, accounting for speed as a covariate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only medial-lateral forces were affected by condition during early stance, with wide-stance (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-0.91) and toe-in (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-1.28) gaits reducing medial KCF compared to natural gait, and toe-in exhibiting lower medial forces than lateral trunk lean (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-0.91). In late stance, both medial-lateral and vertical forces were condition dependent, with wide-stance (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-0.79) and toe-in (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-1.68) gaits continuing to reduce medial forces compared to natural gait. Toe-in gait further decreased medial forces relative to both wide-stance (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-0.90) and lateral trunk lean (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-1.39), while also lowering vertical forces in comparison to natural walking (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-0.90) and lateral trunk lean (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d=-0.77).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Gait retraining is an achievable intervention to immediately modify KCF in healthy adults, with toe-in gait demonstrating the most lateralisation of force amongst the walking conditions observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESMAC Best Paper 2024: Defining exoskeleton aim matters: Simulating optimal assistive moments with explicit objectives using bilevel optimization","authors":"Israel Luis ,&nbsp;Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Musculoskeletal simulations can guide the search for optimal strategies to assist motion and reveal causal relationships between assistive moments and muscle dynamics. Assistive devices such as exoskeletons can complement muscle forces based on various aims, such as minimum muscle effort or maximal force distribution. In this study, we present a simulation framework to systematically identify optimal assistance, formulated as a bilevel optimization in a single inverse simulation scheme that seeks optimal assistive moments that fulfill different assistive device aims.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bilevel optimization of assistive moment was structured as an inner optimization problem to solve the muscle redundancy problem nested within an outer optimization problem that executes the inner problem iteratively, seeking an assistive moment that best satisfies the assistive aim. We used this framework to predict optimal ankle plantarflexion, hip extension, hip flexion, and hip abduction assistance, for three different aims: minimal muscle activations, minimal metabolic rates, and minimal muscle moments. Experimental data from twelve participants walking at preferred speed were used in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that the optimal moment trajectory is unique for a given assistive aim; i.e., the assistive aim matters. Differences in the assistive trajectories are explained at the muscle level, and as active and passive force contributions to the net muscle moments and muscle mechanical work. Interestingly, the assistive moments for minimal metabolic rates predicted an assistance period and peak timing similar to those reported from experimental studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that explicit assistive aim formulation is required to investigate human-device interaction under optimal assistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait performance in obstacle crossing: Impact of virtual information on an optical head-mounted display","authors":"Chao-Hung Wang ,&nbsp;Chien-Chi Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The use of optical head-mounted displays (OHMDs) has grown, enabling virtual information to overlay the real world. However, walking with an OHMD may reduce situational awareness and increase accident risk, especially during obstacle navigation. This study investigates the effects of wearing an OHMD on gait during such movement.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Analyses were conducted on twenty healthy adults under three conditions: Obstacle crossing without an OHMD, with an OHMD but no virtual information (OC_HMD), and with an OHMD displaying virtual content (OC_AR). Participants' gait data were collected. The parameters examined included gait speed, stride length, step width, and the toe-off clearance and foot placement of both the leading and trailing feet.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that reading virtual information on the OHMD reduced approach speed (1.70 ± 0.25 m/s) and stride length (1.26 ± 0.14 m), while simply wearing the OHMD affected crossing speed (1.36 ± 0.20 m/s), which decreased further when virtual information was displayed. Regardless of the virtual information, toe-off clearance (210.79 ± 35.38 mm for leading, and 228.89 ± 55.61 mm for trailing) and trailing foot placement increased in both OHMD-wearing conditions (258.53 ± 46.25 mm for OC_HMD and 228.38 ± 56.56 mm for OC_AR).</div></div><div><h3>Discussions and conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggested that wearing an OHMD, regardless of display activation, affected key gait parameters such as walking speed, stride length, toe-off clearance, and foot placement. Future OHMD designs for different environments should consider both the effect of virtual information and the mere presence of the device on gait performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}