Frontiers in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"EUS-based intratumoral and peritumoral machine learning radiomics analysis for distinguishing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Shuangyang Mo, Nan Yi, Fengyan Qin, Huaying Zhao, Yingwei Wang, Haiyan Qin, Haixiao Wei, Haixing Jiang, Shanyu Qin","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1442209","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1442209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined radiomic models based on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for retrospectively differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from pancreatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 257 patients, including 151 with pancreatic cancer and 106 with PNETs, were retroactively enrolled after confirmation through pathological examination. These patients were randomized to either the training or test cohort in a ratio of 7:3. Radiomic features were extracted from the intratumoral and peritumoral regions from conventional EUS images. Following this, the radiomic features underwent dimensionality reduction through the utilization of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. Six machine learning algorithms were utilized to train prediction models employing features with nonzero coefficients. The optimum intratumoral radiomic model was identified and subsequently employed for further analysis. Furthermore, a combined radiomic model integrating both intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features was established and assessed based on the same machine learning algorithm. Finally, a nomogram was constructed, integrating clinical signature and combined radiomics model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>107 radiomic features were extracted from EUS and only those with nonzero coefficients were kept. Among the six radiomic models, the support vector machine (SVM) model had the highest performance with AUCs of 0.853 in the training cohort and 0.755 in the test cohort. A peritumoral radiomic model was developed and assessed, achieving an AUC of 0.841 in the training and 0.785 in the test cohorts. The amalgamated model, incorporating intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features, exhibited superior predictive accuracy in both the training (AUC=0.861) and test (AUC=0.822) cohorts. These findings were validated using the Delong test. The calibration and decision curve analyses (DCA) of the combined radiomic model displayed exceptional accuracy and provided the greatest net benefit for clinical decision-making when compared to other models. Finally, the nomogram also achieved an excellent performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An efficient and accurate EUS-based radiomic model incorporating intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features was proposed and validated to accurately distinguish PNETs from pancreatic cancer. This research has the potential to offer novel perspectives on enhancing the clinical utility of EUS in the prediction of PNETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1442209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis and systematic review of different cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer.","authors":"Jialin Zhang, Xinyu Xu, Yeyue Zhou, Jingyang Su, Jue Wang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1472407","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1472407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer by using meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To gather comprehensive and reliable data for our analysis, we systematically searched multiple databases for relevant studies. We utilized RevMan5.3 software to perform the meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following a rigorous screening and evaluation process, we ultimately included a total of 13 studies in our analysis. Our findings showed that compared to endocrine therapy alone, the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy significantly increased both PFS [HR 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50, 0.58), <i>P<0.00001</i>], OS [HR 0.77 (95%CI: 0.50, 0.58), <i>P<0.00001</i>] and ORR [RR 1.39 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.60), <i>P<0.00001</i>). However, it was also found that CDK4/6 inhibitors caused adverse drug reactions related to the blood system and digestive system (<i>P<0.0001</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors to endocrine therapy can result in improved PFS and OS for HR+ breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, we recommend close monitoring and management of these potential side effects when utilizing these inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023490499.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1472407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> loss in a young man with primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma.","authors":"Wen-Feng Luo, Yu-Hang Hou, Yu-Teng Huang, Jun-Dong Lai, Hui-Shan Jiang, Wei-Liang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1504366","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1504366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is an uncommon and high-grade soft tissue malignancy. The incidence is even lower when the skin is the primary site. To the best of our knowledge, the primary cutaneous osteosarcoma has fewer than 30 reported cases worldwide, which with decreased copy number of<i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> has never been reported before.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 28-year-old man was hospitalized for a skin mass on the left shoulder. The histological examination showed a large number of tumor giant cells and fibroblasts, and nuclear division was easy to see. Immunohistochemistry showed positive for CK, EMA, S100, CD34, CK7, Bcl-2, ACTin, and NSE, and negative for Vim, SATB2, CD99, SMA (focal), and Ki67 was about 40%. Shoulder joint CT and PET-CT showed that no metastasis presented. Germline testing showed decreased copy number of<i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i>. The diagnosis was cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcomas of the left shoulder. The patient underwent an enlarged resection, followed by local radiotherapy four cycles. No recurrence or metastasis occurred on a 1-year of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma (PC-EOS) is rare, and preoperative differential diagnosis is difficult. This is the first report of PC-EOS with decreased copy number of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i>. The presented case highlights the importance of accurate histopathological examination and comprehensive analysis. We considered that <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes may are associated with a worse outcome and local recurrence in PC-EOS. But, it may not have been fully recognized.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging clinical and research approaches in targeted therapies for high-risk neuroblastoma.","authors":"Albatool AlKhazal, Samiha Chohan, Destani J Ross, Jinhwan Kim, Erin G Brown","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1553511","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1553511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer that originates from neural crest cells and is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children under five years of age. While low-risk neuroblastoma often regresses spontaneously, high-risk neuroblastoma poses a significant clinical challenge. Recent advances in understanding neuroblastoma's molecular mechanisms have led to the development of targeted therapies that aim to selectively inhibit specific pathways involved in tumor growth and progression, improving patient outcomes while minimizing side effects. This review provides a comprehensive review of neuroblastoma biology and emerging therapeutic strategies. Key topics include (a) immunotherapies and immunotargets, (b) non-coding RNAs (long non-coding RNA, microRNA, and circular RNA), (c) molecular biomarkers and pathways, and (d) limitations and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1553511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: A simplified frailty index and nomogram to predict the postoperative complications and survival in older patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.","authors":"Jianyong Liu, Haoran Wang, Pengjie Wu, Jiawen Wang, Jianye Wang, Huimin Hou, Jianlong Wang, Yaoguang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1575599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1575599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1187677.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1575599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylated <i>Dendrobium huoshanense</i> polysaccharide: a novel inducer of apoptosis in colon cancer cells via Fas-FasL pathway activation and metabolic reprogramming.","authors":"Liang Yao, Chen Gu, Ruipeng Ge, Xiaoqian Zhang, Xinqian Meng, Lei Wang, Daiyin Peng, Guozhuan Li","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1529868","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1529868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Not all polysaccharides function as antitumor drugs, nor do they universally possess the same advantages regarding safety and biocompatibility. Those polysaccharides that are effective antitumor agents typically demonstrate superior safety profiles and biocompatibility compared to synthetic anticancer drugs, which can exhibit high toxicity and harmful side effects. <i>Dendrobium huoshanense</i> polysaccharide (DHP) has been recognized for its potential bioactive properties, particularly in anti-tumor treatment. This study investigates the effects of DHP on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT116 colon cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DHP was extracted according to previously published experimental methods. The inhibitory effects of DHP were evaluated using IEC6, Caco-2, and HCT116 cell lines, with changes in cell morphology observed via transmission electron microscopy. After establishing the conditions for DHP administration, flow cytometry was employed to assess its effects on apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential of HCT116 cells. Additionally, immunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and biomarker detection were utilized to investigate the mechanisms underlying DHP's inhibition of HCT116 cells and its impact on metabolic reprogramming.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, we observed that DHP treatment at 600 μg/ml for 24 h reduced HCT116 cell viability to 54.87%. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of DHP on the viability of IEC6 and Caco-2 cells was relatively mild. The specific mechanism involves DHP activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway leading to the downregulation of key metabolic intermediates and enzymes such as uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and ST6Gal-I. By inhibiting ST6Gal-I activity, DHP activates the Fas/FasL signaling pathway. Additionally, DHP-induced ROS production effectively triggers apoptosis in HCT116 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that DHP effectively inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells through the activation of the Fas-FasL signaling pathway and metabolic reprogramming. The selective inhibitory effect of DHP on HCT116 cells, the activation of both death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, and the modulation of metabolic reprogramming provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1529868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Diagnosis and treatment of vulvar cancer.","authors":"Violante Di Donato, Tullio Golia D'Augè, Giorgio Bogani, Andrea Giannini","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1569255","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1569255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1569255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation hematologic toxicity prediction in rectal cancer: a comparative radiomics-based study on CT image and dose map.","authors":"Yingpeng Liu, Liping Guo, Yi Wang, Qingtao Xu, Jingfeng Zhang, Xianyun Meng","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1516855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1516855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Acute radiation hematologic toxicity may disturb the radiotherapy plan and thus decrease the treatment outcome. However, whether the dose map has enough prediction value for detecting hematologic toxicity (HT) is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the pre-treatment CT images and the in-treatment dose map were collected from a discovery dataset of 299 patients and a validation dataset of 65 patients from another center. Then, the radiomic features of the clinical target volume (CTV) in the radiotherapy were extracted, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used for feature dimension deduction; three classifiers, that is, support vector machine (SVM) (rbf kernel), random forest, and CatBoost, were used to construct the HT classification model in rectal cancer patients. The model performance was evaluated by both the internal 20% dataset and the external multicenter dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that CatBoost achieved the best model performance in almost all tasks and that CT images performed similarly with the dose map, although their combination model performed lower. In addition, gender, age, and some radiomic features from the decomposed image space were the most representative features for HT prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study can confirm that the HT occurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients was multifactorial, and combining effective features together can classify the high-risk patients with HT, thus timely preventing or detecting HT to improve the subsequent outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1516855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts in ovarian cancer: research progress.","authors":"Yuance Xu, Danting Sun, Junqi He, Qin Yao","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1504762","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1504762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer, known for its high invasiveness and therapeutic resistance, is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the development of ovarian cancer, with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) being a key non-tumor cell component. They significantly affect the prognosis of ovarian cancer by promoting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. The heterogeneity of CAFs provides a new perspective for targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms of action, heterogeneity characteristics, and role in the immune microenvironment of CAFs in ovarian cancer, and discusses targeted therapy strategies for CAFs, aiming to provide new theoretical basis and treatment directions for the treatment of ovarian cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic therapy for laryngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Thorsten Fuereder, Florian Kocher, Jan Baptist Vermorken","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1541385","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1541385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) accounts for 100,000 deaths worldwide each year. Despite multimodal treatment, outcomes for both high-risk locally advanced and recurrent/metastatic laryngeal carcinoma remain poor. Treatment intensification through induction chemotherapy has not improved overall survival, although it may contribute to larynx preservation. Consequently, multiple recent efforts have been made to integrate novel immunotherapies into the current treatment algorithm for LSCC. In particular, perioperative immunotherapy regimens appear to be the most promising approach for preserving laryngeal function and optimizing event-free and overall survival rates in the locally advanced setting. In the recurrent/metastatic setting, the 5-year overall survival rate is approximately 20% with pembrolizumab-based regimens. Primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy is frequently observed in the majority of patients. Along with trials of checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy, combinatorial approaches with novel immunotherapies, bispecific antibodies, targeted therapies, and antibody-drug conjugates are being explored for the treatment of recurrent/metastatic laryngeal carcinoma. This article aims to discuss recent efforts to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with locally advanced and recurrent/metastatic LSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1541385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}