Frontiers in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of metastatic ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: indirect comparison of different ALK inhibitors using reconstructed patient data.","authors":"Vera Damuzzo, Lorenzo Gasperoni, Luna Del Bono, Andrea Ossato, Alessandro Inno, Andrea Messori","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1566816","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1566816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors (ALKi) are the standard treatment for metastatic, ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Second- and third-generation ALKi, including alectinib, brigatinib, ensartinib, envonalkib, and lorlatinib, have shown better efficacy than crizotinib. However, due to the lack of direct head-to-head comparisons among these agents, the optimal treatment for metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the IPDfromKM (Individual Patient Data from Kaplan-Meier) method to reconstruct patient-level data from Kaplan-Meier curves of seven randomized phase III trials, involving a total of 3,850 patients. Crizotinib arms were pooled as the common comparator. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint, assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted mean survival time (RMST). Subgroup analyses focused on patients with baseline central nervous system (CNS) metastases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All ALKi significantly improved PFS compared to crizotinib. Lorlatinib showed the most meaningful improvement, with the greatest benefit in both overall PFS (HR=0.28; 95% CI 0.21-0.38) and CNS PFS (HR=0.09; 95% CI 0.04-0.2). In direct comparisons, lorlatinib outperformed brigatinib (HR=0.59; 95% CI 0.39-0.87) and envonalkib (HR=0.52; 95% CI 0.35-0.77) in terms of PFS. While lorlatinib also showed improved PFS compared to alectinib (HR=0.72; 95% CI 0.50-1.04) and ensartinib (HR=0.73; 95% CI 0.48-1.10), these differences were not statistically significant. Lorlatinib demonstrated the greatest benefit in PFS among patients with baseline CNS metastases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this indirect comparison using reconstructed patient data, lorlatinib emerged as the most effective ALKi, showed the most favorable HR for PFS compared to the other ALKi, although it did not reach statistical significance versus alectinib and ensartinib. Additionally, lorlatinib showed the highest efficacy in the control of CNS progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1566816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the dichotomy of HER2: highlighting the flaws of simplifying variables.","authors":"Jacob Pozin, Reid Shaw, Jennifer Weiss","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1494417","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1494417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1494417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of the triglyceride-glucose index in predicting occurrence of cancer: a meta-analysis.","authors":"I-Wen Chen, Wei-Ting Wang, Jheng-Yan Wu, Chia-Hung Yu, Ying-Jen Chang, Kuo-Chuan Hung","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1532253","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1532253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting cancer occurrence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to July 2024. Observational studies reporting the diagnostic efficacy of the TyG index in predicting cancer occurrence using ROC curve analysis were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies with 46,658 participants were included. Patients with cancer had a significantly higher TyG index than those without cancer (mean difference: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.45). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the TyG index for predicting cancer occurrence were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62-0.74) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.54-0.74), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68-0.75), indicating good discriminatory ability. Subgroup analysis of female participants yielded similar results, with an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index demonstrates good discriminatory ability and may have potential as an adjunct screening tool to help identify individuals at a higher risk of developing cancer. However, this should be interpreted alongside other established risk factors, as many confounding factors (including cancer type, genetic predisposition, and other malignancy risk factors) must be considered. Further research is needed to establish optimal cut-off values, which likely vary across different cancer types, and to investigate their diagnostic accuracy in diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024573712.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1532253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of the combination of selpercatinib with osimertinib in NSCLC: a case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Blerina Resuli, Heidi Galarza, Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero, Julian Oversohl, Jürgen Behr, Amanda Tufman","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1580322","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1580322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has demonstrated significant clinical activity and tolerability in EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, acquired resistance to osimertinib is inevitable, and the mechanisms underlying resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs remain complex and not fully understood. In this case, we report a patient with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who progressed on first-line osimertinib treatment, acquiring a nuclear receptor coactivator 4-rearranged during transfection (NCOA4-RET) fusion alongside a co-mutation in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene. Despite these genomic alterations, the patient derived notable clinical benefit from the combination of osimertinib and selpercatinib, suggesting that this dual therapy may offer a promising approach to overcoming resistance in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1580322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of pharmacotherapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma and correlated renal and pulmonary impairments: a retrospective real-world registry study in the Greater Gulf Region (REPAIR Study).","authors":"Ayman Alhejazi, Ahmad Alhuraiji, Abdulnaser Nourallah, Abdulrahman Alshehri, Binyam Usman, Ghada ElGohary, Hafiz Malhan, Ibraheem Motabi, Khalil Al Farsi, Mohammed Alshuaibi, Mohanad Diab, Mustaqeem Siddiqui, Ruba Yasin Taha, Tarek Abouzeid, Wesam Ahmed, Ahmed Ramadan Ali, Rasha Ghonema, Sana Faysal Elkhazin, Yousra Moussa, Abdullah M Alrajhi, Magdy Rabea, Yahia Aktham, Nesreen Bawazeer, Ali Ahmed Ali, Mohamed Zahir Chouikrat","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1547138","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1547138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with significant unmet medical needs, particularly in the treatment of relapsed and refractory disease. This study aims to describe the disease characteristics, various treatment regimens, and outcomes among patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) in the Greater Gulf region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A regional, retrospective study was conducted in Gulf countries to collect real-world data from the medical records of 148 patients with RRMM who relapsed 1-3 times in the past two years before the data collection period (July 2022 and February 2023).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the study population was 59.4 years, and 64.2% of the participants were male. The VRd regimen (Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone) was the most frequent first-line therapy among transplant-ineligible patients (40.2%) and the most common induction and consolidation regimen (43.9% and 66.7%, respectively) in transplant-eligible patients. Meanwhile, Rd (Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone) was the most common maintenance regimen (75%). DKd (Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone), KPd (Carfilzomib, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone), and PVd (Pomalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone) were the most widely used second, third, and fourth treatment lines, respectively (16.6%, 9.2%, and 12.5%). About 52.7% of patients were eligible for stem cell transplantation (SCT), and among them, a complete response (CR) was achieved in 47.7%. Furthermore, CR and very good partial remission rates decreased across all treatment lines. Renal impairment decreased across different treatment lines, from 23.6% in the first line to 6.3% in the fourth line. In contrast, respiratory complications demonstrated the highest incidence (>18%) in the 3rd and 4th treatment lines. Moreover, refractoriness to treatment increased from 1.3% in the first line to 34.6% in the fourth treatment line. Additionally, isatuximab was incorporated into 80%, 15%, and 5% of the regimens administered as second-, third-, and fourth-line treatments, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the real-world management and treatment choices for RRMM, including the utilization of SCT and novel therapies such as isatuximab.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1547138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior membranous tracheal injury during mckeown oesophagectomy. A case report with literature review.","authors":"Theeran Kaur Gill, Guo Hou Loo, Guhan Muthkumaran, Nik Ritza Kosai","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1560437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1560437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Minimally invasive techniques such as thoracoscopic or robotic surgical approaches for oesophageal pathologies have been gaining traction as the preferred method of surgical technique. McKeown's minimally invasive oesophagectomy has been shown to reduce hospitalisation, with reduced cardiopulmonary morbidities. However, it is not without complications, and an iatrogenic tracheobronchial injury (TBI) could occur intraoperatively during anatomical plane dissection. We report a case of iatrogenic posterior membranous tracheal injury during the thoracic dissection of a McKeown's oesophagectomy, detected intraoperatively and patient recovered without any complications. The diagnosis of TBI involves a multicentric approach. Confirmation of the diagnosis and classification of TBI based on clinical signs, radiological studies, and endoscopy procedures such as bronchoscopy are necessary to tailor the best possible management for the patient. In cases where a full-thickness airway defect exceeds 2 cm and is detected intraoperatively, immediate primary repair is advised to optimize outcomes. TBI pose significant clinical challenges, particularly in cases of iatrogenic injury during procedures such as minimally invasive oesophagectomy. While the overall incidence of TBI remains low, awareness of risk factors and vigilant monitoring during procedures is paramount. While TBI remains rare, its management shares principles with oncological oesophageal surgery, making this case pertinent to surgical oncology practice. The evolving landscape of diagnostic techniques, including bronchoscopy and advanced imaging modalities, facilitates prompt and accurate identification of injuries, enabling timely intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1560437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted therapy acts to sensitize stereotactic body radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases from colorectal cancer.","authors":"Xiye Sun, Pei Shu, Yali Shen, Zhiping Li, Ning Liu, Ganlu Ouyang, Yuanling Tang, Meijuan Huang, Xin Wang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1464707","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1464707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is used to manage lung metastases arising from colorectal cancer (CRC), but its effectiveness is constrained by the radioresistance of CRCs. Here, we explored whether concurrent therapy with cetuximab or bevacizumab could improve the prognosis of CRC patients with pulmonary oligometastases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CRC patients with oligometastatic lung tumors (OLTs) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy from March 2011 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment outcomes for local control rate (LCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-nine patients were included, with a median follow-up of 34 months. The 1-year LCRs for SBRT + chemotherapy, SBRT + chemotherapy + bevacizumab, and SBRT + chemotherapy + cetuximab were 63.3%, 96.2%, and 94.4%, respectively. Incorporating bevacizumab or cetuximab significantly prolonged median OS compared to chemotherapy (61 vs. 46 vs. 24 months). Substantial differences in median PFS were noted, with durations of 5, 23, and 8 months for SBRT + chemotherapy, SBRT + chemotherapy + bevacizumab, and SBRT + chemotherapy + cetuximab, respectively. Our univariate analysis revealed that patients under targeted therapy of bevacizumab or cetuximab were linked to prolonged OS and PFS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Tumor size <2 cm and median biologically effective dose (BED₁₀) ≥100 Gy were correlated with higher local control rates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, comprehensive multivariate analysis confirmed that tumor sizes of <2 cm were linked to better local control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). All three combination regimens were well tolerated, and the occurrence of toxicities was higher in treatments involving targeted therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cetuximab or bevacizumab improves treatment outcomes, with manageable toxicity. Given the limited sample size of this study, larger studies such as prospective trials are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1464707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based automated breast ultrasound radiomics for breast tumor diagnosis and treatment: a narrative review.","authors":"Yinglin Guo, Ning Li, Chonghui Song, Juan Yang, Yinglan Quan, Hongjiang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1578991","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1578991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, posing a substantial threat to their health and overall quality of life. Consequently, for early-stage BC, timely screening, accurate diagnosis, and the development of personalized treatment strategies are crucial for enhancing patient survival rates. Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS) addresses the limitations of traditional handheld ultrasound (HHUS), such as operator dependency and inter-observer variability, by providing a more comprehensive and standardized approach to BC detection and diagnosis. Radiomics, an emerging field, focuses on extracting high-dimensional quantitative features from medical imaging data and utilizing them to construct predictive models for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with radiomics has significantly enhanced the process of analyzing and extracting meaningful features from large and complex radiomic datasets through the application of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. Recently, AI-based ABUS radiomics has demonstrated significant potential in the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of BC. However, despite the notable performance and application potential of ML and DL models based on ABUS, the inherent variability in the analyzed data highlights the need for further evaluation of these models to ensure their reliability in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1578991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and imaging features of primary thyroid MALT lymphoma.","authors":"Liming Xiao, Ziyi Zhao, Li Zhou, Jiao Yan, Danling Luo, Fucen Liu, Qiaolin Zhou, Dan Huang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1498609","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1498609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare hematologic malignancy of the thyroid gland, accounting for approximately 5% of all malignant thyroid tumors. The most common pathological type is B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and mixed types. The clinical and radiographic characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma are non-specific, often leading to misdiagnosis as thyroiditis and a delay in treatment. A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with neck swelling that had persisted for a week. Histopathological findings of a thyroid biopsy revealed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Bone marrow examination revealed atypical lymphocytes on myelograms. [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT images showed increased [¹⁸F]FDG uptake in both lobes of the thyroid gland and the cervical lymph nodes. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The patient subsequently received four cycles of R-CEOP chemotherapy and remained under follow-up. Due to the rarity of this case, we conducted a systematic literature review to better understand the disease and improve timely diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1498609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining biomarkers to construct a novel predictive model for predicting preoperative lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.","authors":"Yujian He, Xiaoli Xie, Bingxue Yang, Xiaoxu Jin, Zhijie Feng","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1533889","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1533889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurately identifying the status of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between clinicopathological factors and LNM in EGC patients, leading to the development of a nomogram. Differential expression analysis was conducted to identify biomarkers associated with LNM, and their expression was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. The biomarker was integrated into the conventional model to create a new model, which was then assessed for reclassification and discrimination abilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor size, histological type, and the presence of ulcers are independent risk factors for LNM in EGC patients. The nomogram demonstrated good clinical performance. Incorporating <i>HAVCR1</i> immunohistochemical expression into the new model further improved its performance, reclassification, and discrimination abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel nomogram predictive model, based on preoperative clinicopathological factors such as tumor size, histological type, presence of ulcers, and <i>HAVCR1</i> expression, provides valuable guidance for selecting treatment strategies for EGC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1533889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}