Frontiers in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"A novel nomogram based on complement C3 to predict the overall survival of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion-positive undergoing curative resection.","authors":"Guoyi Xia, Zeyan Yu, Shaolong Lu, Xiaobo Wang, Yuanquan Zhao, Jie Chen","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1559083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1559083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This investigation aimed to create a new nomogram based on complement C3 to forecast 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibiting microvascular invasion (MVI) post-curative surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study encompassed 1234 patients treated with resection at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. The cohort for primary included 865 patients from December 2015 to December 2019, while the validation cohort comprised 369 patients. Follow-ups were conducted regularly until December 2024. Variables predicting survival were identified using Cox regression analyses, and based on these, a nomogram was constructed. This nomogram's accuracy was assessed via time-dependent ROC curves, calibration curves and KM curve analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Investigations identified complement C3, PT, the presence of cirrhosis, tumor capsule, and MVI-M2 as distinct predictors of survival in HCC patients. Based on these findings, a predictive nomogram was constructed and validated, aimed at estimating the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. The efficacy of the nomogram was validated through analyses with ROC curves, calibration curves, each demonstrating positive outcomes. Additionally, KM curve analysis effectively separated the patient populations into two prognostic risk categories within both the primary and validation cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, a new nomogram has been developed and corroborated through multivariate Cox regression analysis, aimed at estimating overall survival for patients in early stages of microvascular invasion following surgical resection. This tool has proven to be more effective in forecasting survival outcomes for such patients post-curative surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1559083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of an albumin-indocyanine green-based China liver cancer staging system to evaluating resectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients and comparison with the Child-Pugh-based China liver cancer staging system.","authors":"MinQiang Chen, Chao Ren, MengXia Wang, Min Yu, Bo Wu, Bo Zhuang, JianXiang Jin, YaoQi Zhang, ShiAn Yu","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1450333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1450333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Here, the utility of an albumin-indocyanine green-based China liver cancer (CNLC) staging system (ALICE-CNLC) as a tool for the prognostic assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was evaluated, comparing this system to the Child-Pugh score-based CNLC staging system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort for this study included 331 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatectomy at Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Medical Group in China from April 2012-June 2021 and had postoperative pathology-confirmed HCC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, with log-rank tests used to examine prognostic factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for identification of outcome predictors using Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prediction of overall survival (OS) by the ALICE-CNLC system for patients with stage Ia disease was markedly better than that for patients with stage Ib and IIa disease (<i>P</i>=0.010, <i>P</i>=0.026), while the latter groups did not differ significantly (<i>P</i>=0.796). The ALICE-CNLC system predicted the 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for patients with stage Ia, Ib, and IIa disease to be 50.4%, 47.7%, and 25%, respectively, with significant differences among the groups (<i>P=</i>0.033, <i>P</i><0.001, and <i>P=</i>0.043). These results were similar to those of the CNLC staging system.The OS and RFS did not differ significantly between the same grades of patients evaluated with the ALICE-CNLC and CNLC staging systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ALICE-CNLC and CNLC staging systems did not show significant differences in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC who have undergone hepatectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1450333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted treatment and survival in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients - a nationwide and longitudinal study.","authors":"Johanne Elise Nyen, Anja Ødegård Booth, Øyvind Husby, Christoffer Bugge, Ingrid Engebretsen, Francisco Oteiza, Åslaug Helland, Lars Fjellbirkeland, Odd Terje Brustugun, Bjørn Henning Grønberg","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1506041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1506041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to describe treatment patterns, time on treatment (ToT) and overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced non-squamous, EGFR+, ALK+ and ROS1+ NSCLC in Norway.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We extracted data on patients ≥ 18 years diagnosed with advanced non-squamous NSCLC between 2015 and 2022 from the Cancer Registry of Norway and data on cancer drug therapy from the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Prescribed Drug Registry. ToT was measured from the date treatment was collected or administered until the last dispensing was depleted or last hospital drug administration. OS was measured from date of diagnosis until death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 5,279 patients were included, of whom 449 EGFR+, 131 ALK+ and 38 ROS1+. 75% of EGFR+ patients, 88% of ALK+ patients, and 58% of ROS1+ patients received at least one systemic treatment within the first three months after diagnosis. Median follow-up was 13, 19, and 4 months for EGFR+, ALK+, and ROS1+, respectively. The median ToT in first line (1L) for EGFR+ patients was 11 months for osimertinib (CI: 10.1-NA) and 9 months (CI: 8.2-11.2) for afatinib, dacomitinib, erlotinib and gefitinib. For ALK+ patients, median ToT in 1L was 20 months (CI: 14.7-23.7for alectinib, 11 months (CI: 4.7-NA) for brigatinib, and 7 months (CI: 2.9-21.6) for crizotinib. For the five ROS1+ patients treated with crizotinib in 1L, median ToT was 5 months (CI: 2.4-NA). For all patients with a targetable genomic alteration, unadjusted median OS was higher (p-value = 0.025) for patients diagnosed in 2020-2022 (median OS: 23 months, CI: 19.5-NA) compared to patients diagnosed in 2015-2019 (median: 19 months, CI: 16.5-21.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ToT for targeted therapies was shorter than progression-free survival in clinical trials. However, patients eligible for targeted therapy still had a survival improvement during the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1506041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast acinic cell carcinoma with weak progesterone receptor expression: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Caiyun Bai, Xiaodong Xin, Yisen Yang, Fengjiang Qu, Zhimin Fan","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1497272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1497272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) of the breast is an extremely rare malignant epithelial tumor characterized by acini cell differentiation, clinical low-grade malignancy, and a molecular triple-negative subtype.</p><p><strong>Patient concern: </strong>A 47-year-old female presented with a 1-month history of a painless mass in her right breast.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Ultrasound imaging, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion, approximately 3.0cm×1.5cm in size, in the right breast, which was considered to be a malignancy. After the surgery, the AcCC of the breast was confirmed histologically.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Right breast mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy included 4 cycles of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel (Taxotere).</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The patient was discharged from the hospital after surgery. There was no sign of recurrence during a 9-month follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Lessons: </strong>Acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) of the breast is an extremely rare malignant epithelial tumor that can be accurately diagnosed based on histopathologic morphology and immunohistochemistry. The weak positive progesterone receptor (PR) expressed in this case is extremely rare, which may provide a new research direction for the endocrine therapy of AcCC. Both AcCC and microglandular adenosis(MGA) exhibit microglandular growth, and the relationship between them remains unclear. Differentiation between them not only relies on histomorphology and pathological immunohistochemistry but also depends on clinical manifestations and other presentations. Optimal treatment of AcCC is the same as that for invasive breast cancer. The prognosis is generally good, with adjuvant therapy after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1497272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversal of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer with traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer: potential mechanism of action.","authors":"Chencong Zhou, Kaihan Wu, Meng Gu, Yushang Yang, Jiatao Tu, Xuan Huang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1524182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1524182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common types of cancer, ranking fifth among cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for advanced GC. However, the development of chemotherapy resistance, which involves the malfunction of several signaling pathways and is the consequence of numerous variables interacting, seriously affects patient treatment and leads to poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, in order to treat GC, it is imperative to find novel medications that will increase chemotherapy sensitivity and reverse chemotherapy resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively researched as an adjuvant medication in recent years. It has been shown to have anticancer benefits and to be crucial in enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity and reducing chemotherapy resistance. Given this, the mechanism of treatment resistance in GC is summed up in this work. The theoretical foundation for TCM as a sensitizer in adjuvant treatment of GC is established by introducing the primary signal pathways and possible targets implicated in improving chemotherapy sensitivity and reversing chemotherapy resistance of GC by TCM and active ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1524182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world treatment and retreatment patterns and outcomes in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer following nivolumab monotherapy in second line or later in France: an I-O Optimise analysis.","authors":"Grégoire Justeau, Christos Chouaid, Didier Debieuvre, Clarisse Audigier-Valette, Xavier Quantin, Hervé Léna, Lise Bosquet, Nicolas Girard, Minouk J Schoemaker, Marta Mella, Bárbara Pinto Correia, Caroline Rault, Melinda J Daumont, John R Penrod, Adam Lee, Maurice Pérol","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1526931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1526931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study describes treatment and retreatment patterns and outcomes in patients in France following nivolumab as a second-line or later (2L+) treatment in locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (LAM NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This analysis included adults with tumor, node, metastasis stage IIIB-IV NSCLC (as defined in the 7th or 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control) treated with nivolumab monotherapy in 2L+ using data from the retrospective Epidemiological-Strategy and Medical Economics Lung Cancer database. The inclusion period was from January 1, 2015, to September 30, 2020, with a follow-up until September 30, 2021. Analyses were stratified according to the duration of index nivolumab treatment and tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, the study included 4,001 patients (68% male; mean age [standard deviation] at index date, 63.6 [9.7] years) with a median follow-up of 34.3 months. The median nivolumab duration was 2.5 months (interquartile range, 1.4-6.3). The median overall survival (OS) from nivolumab initiation was 10.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6-10.8). The median real-world progression-free survival and time to treatment discontinuation or death (95% CI) were 2.2 (2.1-2.3) and 2.7 (2.5-2.8) months, respectively. In total, 2,985 (74.6%) patients discontinued index nivolumab treatment: 226 (7.6% of discontinuers) received a further immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI; 12.3% of discontinuers receiving further systemic treatment), and 1,604 (53.7%) received chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy. The proportion of ICI-retreated patients was the highest among those with the longest index treatment duration (15.8% among discontinuers receiving ≥26 weeks' index nivolumab). The median OS from retreatment was longer in the resumption (ICI restart without another therapy for ≥6 weeks) compared with the rechallenge (ICI restart following non-ICI therapy) patient subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few patients with LAM NSCLC in France received ICI retreatment following index nivolumab discontinuation, but the proportion increased with a longer duration of index nivolumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1526931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel compound, SYHA1813, inhibits malignant meningioma growth directly by boosting p53 pathway activation and impairing DNA repair.","authors":"Yanjie Lan, Shenglan Li, Jiachen Wang, Xin Yang, Can Wang, Mengqian Huang, Rong Zhang, Feng Chen, Wenbin Li","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1522249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1522249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Meningioma is a common tumor of the central nervous system but effective therapies for malignant meningiomas are still lacking. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic reagents is urgently needed. SYHA1813 is a novel compound and our previous study demonstrated its potent anti-tumor activity on glioblastoma through the inhibition of macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the precise functional role of SYHA1813 in meningiomas remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We aimed to investigate the direct tumor-inhibitory effects of SYHA1813 on meningioma both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and explore its potential molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that SYHA1813 suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of meningioma cells <i>in vitro</i>. Furthermore, we found SYHA1813 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. Mechanistically, RNA-seq revealed that SYHA1813 activated the P53 pathway and impaired DNA repair. <i>In vivo</i>, SYHA1813 effectively inhibited the growth of meningioma xenografts in a mouse model. Additionally, in an ongoing first-inhuman phase I trial, this patient with recurrent meningioma provided preliminary clinical evidence supporting the anti-tumor activity of SYHA1813.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study unveiled a novel antitumor mechanism of SYHA1813, showing its ability to directly target and kill meningioma cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Our findings highlighted the promising potential of SYHA1813 as a therapeutic agent for treating malignant meningiomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1522249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative inflammatory index differences between pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and their prognostic implications.","authors":"Yi Liu, Songping Cui, Jing Wang, Bin Hu, Shuo Chen","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1554699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1554699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perioperative inflammatory indices reflect systemic inflammatory responses and have been linked to cancer progression and prognosis. This study aims to explore the differences in perioperative inflammatory indices between lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and their association with long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 287 lung cancer patients who underwent curative resection between June 2016 and December 2017, comprising 61 cases of LSCC and 226 cases of LUAD. Perioperative baseline information and inflammatory cell counts were collected. Patients were followed up for a median duration of 76 months, during which disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of inflammatory factor levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in white blood cell count and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) between LSCC and LUAD (P < 0.05). Regression analysis identified age (OR=2.096, P=0.004), postoperative day 1 D-dimer level (OR=1.550, P<0.001), and Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (OR=1.901, P=0.031) as independent risk factors for perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). Furthermore, open surgical approach (HR=2.437, P=0.016), tumor type (LSCC; HR=2.437, P=0.016), and PLR (HR=1.534, P=0.019) were independent risk factors for DFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inflammatory index is key predictors of perioperative VTE and DFS in lung cancer, emphasizing their critical role in prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1554699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on artificial intelligence technology-assisted diagnosis of thyroid diseases.","authors":"Lina Yang, XinYuan Wang, Shixia Zhang, Kun Cao, Jianjun Yang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1536039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1536039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of the \"Internet + Medical\" model, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in the analysis of medical images. Among them, the technology of using deep learning algorithms to identify features of ultrasound and pathological images and realize intelligent diagnosis of diseases has entered the clinical verification stage. This study is based on the application research of artificial intelligence technology in medical diagnosis and reviews the early screening and diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The cure rate of thyroid disease is high in the early stage, but once it deteriorates into thyroid cancer, the risk of death and treatment costs of the patient increase. At present, the early diagnosis of the disease still depends on the examination equipment and the clinical experience of doctors, and there is a certain misdiagnosis rate. Based on the above background, it is particularly important to explore a technology that can achieve objective screening of thyroid lesions in the early stages. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the early diagnosis of thyroid diseases using artificial intelligence technology. It integrates the findings of multiple studies and that traditional machine learning algorithms are widely used as research objects. The convolutional neural network model has a high recognition accuracy for thyroid nodules and thyroid pathological cell lesions. U-Net network model can significantly improve the recognition accuracy of thyroid nodule ultrasound images when used as a segmentation algorithm. This article focuses on reviewing the intelligent recognition technology of thyroid ultrasound images and pathological sections, hoping to provide researchers with research ideas and help clinicians achieve intelligent early screening of thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1536039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CAR T-cell therapy associated complications.","authors":"Mohammad Mussab Umair, Xun Lai, YuanBo Xue, Hong Yao","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1494986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1494986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, it has elicited an immense response in both targeted and residual cancers. Its clinical efficacy is often accompanied by a group of side effects that may become serious because of factors such as tumor burden, the extent of lymphodepletion, and the type of co-stimulus. It is also crucial to know the common toxicities associated with CAR T-cell therapy, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), cardiotoxicity, metabolic disorders, pulmonary toxicity, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), prolonged cytopenia, coagulation disorders, and potential off-target effects on various organs. If not well managed, these can be fatal. However, knowledge about molecular pathways, calcineurin inhibitors, IL-6 receptor antagonists, steroids, suppression of nitric oxide synthase, various therapeutic approaches, and other recent advances have been developed to mitigate the fatal results of various short-term and chronic adverse events related to CAR T-cell therapy. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on contemporary management strategies and presumed causative processes of CAR T-cell-related adverse effects, albeit with several limitations. When CAR T-cell complications, costs, and challenges of toxicity management are properly considered, the CAR T-cell therapy of the future will include a number of toxicity-escaping options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1494986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}