Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1431985
Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Baha Sharaf, Faris Tamimi, Hira Bani Hani, Osama Alsmadi, Hanan Khalil, Mahmoud Abunasser, Sarah Edaily, Asem Mansour
{"title":"Establishment of a clinical cancer genetics program for breast cancer in a resource-limited country; challenges and opportunities.","authors":"Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Baha Sharaf, Faris Tamimi, Hira Bani Hani, Osama Alsmadi, Hanan Khalil, Mahmoud Abunasser, Sarah Edaily, Asem Mansour","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1431985","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1431985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and its incidence rate is still increasing, especially among younger women. Nationally, it constitutes one-fifth of all cancer cases and almost 40% of all female cancers. With a median age of 51 years, breast cancer is diagnosed at least a decade earlier, and at more advanced stages compared to Western societies. Hereditary cancers account for 10% or more of all cancer burden worldwide. With expanded indications, increased number of genes tested, and significant decline in cost of testing, such proportion will probably increase. Individuals with pathogenic variants of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> are at higher risk of breast, ovarian, pancreatic and many other cancers. Over the past two decades, several highly penetrant cancer-susceptibility genes were identified across almost all tumor sites, thus increasing the need for comprehensive cancer genetic programs that address the testing process, counselling patients and at-risk family members, and then deal with all testing results and its consequences. In addition to its important role in preventing more cancers in index patients themselves and among their close relatives, identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, mostly in <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i>, may inform therapeutic decisions in common cancers including breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers. In this manuscript, we describe the experience of a comprehensive cancer center, in a resource-limited country in establishing a comprehensive clinical cancer genetics program that can serve as an example for others who share similar demographic and financial restrains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1480466
Xiaoxiao He, Sujun Yang, Jialiang Ren, Ning Wang, Min Li, Yang You, Yang Li, Yu Li, Gaofeng Shi, Li Yang
{"title":"Synergizing traditional CT imaging with radiomics: a novel model for preoperative diagnosis of gastric neuroendocrine and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma.","authors":"Xiaoxiao He, Sujun Yang, Jialiang Ren, Ning Wang, Min Li, Yang You, Yang Li, Yu Li, Gaofeng Shi, Li Yang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1480466","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1480466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop diagnostic models for differentiating gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (g-NEC) and gastric mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (g-MANEC) from gastric adenocarcinoma (g-ADC) based on traditional contrast enhanced CT imaging features and radiomics features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 90 g-(MA)NEC (g-MANEC and g-NEC) patients matched 1:1 by T-stage with 90 g-ADC patients. Traditional CT features were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Tumor segmentation and radiomics features extraction were performed with Slicer and PyRadiomics. Feature selection was conducted through univariable analysis, correlation analysis, LASSO, and multivariable stepwise logistic. The combined model incorporated clinical and radiomics predictors. Diagnostic performance was assessed with ROC curves and DeLong's test. The models' diagnostic efficacy was further validated in subgroup of g-NEC vs. g-ADC and g-MANEC vs. g-ADC cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor necrosis and lymph node metastasis were independent predictors for differentiating g-(MA)NEC from g-ADC (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The clinical model's AUC was 0.700 (training) and 0.667(validation). Five radiomics features were retained, with the radiomics model showing AUC of 0.809 (training) and 0.802 (validation). The combined model's AUCs were 0.853 (training) and 0.812 (validation), significantly outperforming the clinical model (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that the combined model exhibited acceptable performance in differentiating g-NEC from g-ADC and g-MANEC from g-ADC, with AUC of 0.887 and 0.823 in the training cohort and 0.852 and 0.762 in the validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combined model based on traditional CT imaging and radiomic features provides a non-invasive and effective preoperative diagnostic method for differentiating g-(MA)NEC from g-ADC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1461668
Ana Lacerda, Isabel M Bravo-Carretero, Bella S Ehrlich, Godwin Job, María Avilés Martínez, Ulrike Leiss, Georgia Kokkinou, Katrin Scheinemann, Finella Craig, Kerstin Krottendorfer, Meenakshi Devidas, Justin N Baker, Asya Agulnik, Michael J McNeil
{"title":"Perceptions of physicians caring for pediatric patients with cancer in Europe: insights into the use of palliative care, its timing, and barriers to early integration.","authors":"Ana Lacerda, Isabel M Bravo-Carretero, Bella S Ehrlich, Godwin Job, María Avilés Martínez, Ulrike Leiss, Georgia Kokkinou, Katrin Scheinemann, Finella Craig, Kerstin Krottendorfer, Meenakshi Devidas, Justin N Baker, Asya Agulnik, Michael J McNeil","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1461668","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1461668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrating pediatric palliative care (PPC) into pediatric oncology standard care is essential. Therefore, it is important to assess physicians' knowledge and perceptions of PPC to optimize its practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the knowledge, comfort levels, and perspectives of physicians regarding the timing and perceived barriers to integrating PPC into pediatric cancer care across Europe.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Assessing Doctors' Attitudes on Palliative Treatment (ADAPT) survey, originally developed for other global regions, was culturally and contextually adapted for Europe.</p><p><strong>Setting/subjects: </strong>The survey was distributed via the European Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) membership listserv. Any physicians caring for children with cancer across Eastern, Southern, Central, and Northern Europe were invited to complete the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 198 physicians from 29 European countries completed the ADAPT survey. Physicians demonstrated relative agreement with the World Health Organization's guidance; median alignment was 83.4% (range 59.9%-94.1%). Although most respondents felt comfortable addressing physical (84.4%) and emotional (63.4%) needs, they felt less comfortable addressing spiritual needs (41.9%) and providing grief and bereavement support (48.5%). There were significant regional differences, such as physicians in Eastern and Southern Europe reporting a lack of PPC specialists, opioids, and home-based care, while those in Northern and Central Europe did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physicians caring for children with cancer throughout Europe have a good understanding of PPC. However, misconceptions about PPC persist, requiring educational and capacity-building efforts. Additionally, the regional differences in perceived barriers must be addressed to ensure equitable access to PPC for all European children with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women in southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study.","authors":"Tewodros Yosef, Bitewlgn Birhanu, Nigusie Shifera, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Adane Asefa","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1424810","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1424810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, with 604,000 diagnoses and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Despite the importance of early detection, only 5% of eligible women in Ethiopia are screened. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women at selected public hospitals in southwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study involving 392 women (98 cases and 294 controls) aged 15-49 was conducted across three hospitals. Cases were women aged 15 to 49 who had cervical cancer screening, while controls were reproductive-age women seeking antenatal care or family planning but not screened. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with pretested questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 25. Bivariate analysis identified candidate variables with P-values < 0.25, and a multivariable logistic regression model determined factors with P-values < 0.05 as significant for cervical cancer screening uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake included high knowledge of screening (AOR=6.23; 95%CI: 1.96, 19.79), a positive attitude toward screening (AOR=6.12; 95%CI: 2.40, 15.58), women aged 30-39 (AOR=3.94; 95%CI: 1.79, 8.63) and 40-49 (AOR=3.54; 95%CI: 1.52, 8.22), and those who reached health facilities within 60 minutes (AOR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.21, 4.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study pinpointed age, knowledge, attitude toward cervical cancer screening, and accessibility to health facilities within a 60-minute radius as pivotal factors impacting cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-age women. These findings highlight the importance of targeted education, promoting positive attitudes, and enhancing healthcare accessibility to improve screening uptake and reduce the burden of cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Case report: Microsurgical resection of a giant triple dumbbell shaped jugular foramen Schwannoma via retrosigmoid and transcervical approach.","authors":"Haiying Sun, Yujuan Hu, Yun Zhu, Juanjuan Hu, Jie Yuan, Zuhong He, Huamao Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1432835","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1432835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surgical management of extensive jugular foramen schwannomas presents a formidable challenge, aiming for gross total resection while minimizing complications. Here, we present a case with giant triple dumbbell-shaped jugular Foramen Schwannoma. A 45-year-old male with a one-year history of a left neck mass underwent surgery. Initial misdiagnosis of submandibular gland inflammation led to persistent symptoms despite anti-inflammatory treatment. Imaging revealed a large lesion in the left cerebellar peduncle-neck-jugular foramen region (39.6 x 26.2 x 90 mm). The combination of retrosigmoid and transcervical approach was selected. Sufficient drilling of the infralabyrinthine, retrofacial area of the mastoid with facial nerve transposition is important for the safe gross total removal of the tumor. The patient underwent a gross total removal of the tumor. Facial nerve function was preserved. Although dysphagia and hoarseness complicated postoperatively, he became able to take foods orally after the surgery. In conclusion, this case underscores the successful surgical approach for a large jugular foramen Schwannoma, emphasizing the importance of precise techniques to achieve complete tumor resection while minimizing postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1464909
Qianqian Gao, Tingting Liu, Li Sun, Yongliang Yao, Fang Li, Lingxiang Mao
{"title":"Triggered ferroptotic albumin-tocopherol nanocarriers for treating drug-resistant breast cancer.","authors":"Qianqian Gao, Tingting Liu, Li Sun, Yongliang Yao, Fang Li, Lingxiang Mao","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1464909","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1464909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is considered an effective method to overcome drug-resistant tumors. This study aims to use three FDA-approved biological materials, human serum albumin, D-α-tocopherol succinate, and indocyanine green, to construct a novel biocompatible nanomaterial named HTI-NPs, exploring its effect in drug-resistant breast cancer (MCF-7/ADR cells). The research results indicate that HTI-NPs can selectively inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7/ADR cells <i>in vitro</i>, accompanied by upregulating transferrin receptor, generating reactive oxygen species, and downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4. Under laser irradiation, HTI-NPs can promote ferroptosis by inhibiting glutathione expression through photodynamic therapy. Notably, HTI-NPs exhibit good inhibitory effects on MCF-7/ADR xenograft tumors <i>in vivo</i>. In conclusion, HTI-NPs represent a biocompatible nanomaterial that induces ferroptosis, providing new insights and options for treating drug-resistant breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1487777
Fahad A Bashiri, Khaled Hundallah, Musaad Abukhaled, Mossaed Mohammed Alyahya, Amna Al Futaisi, Daniah Alshowaeir, Asmaa Al Tawari, Shaker Abdullah, Ata Ur Rehman Maaz, Eman Taryam AlShamsi, Walaa Alshuaibi, Faisal Alotaibi, Hesham Aldhalaan
{"title":"Corrigendum: Diagnosis and management of neurofibromatosis type 1 in Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council Region: challenges and recommendations.","authors":"Fahad A Bashiri, Khaled Hundallah, Musaad Abukhaled, Mossaed Mohammed Alyahya, Amna Al Futaisi, Daniah Alshowaeir, Asmaa Al Tawari, Shaker Abdullah, Ata Ur Rehman Maaz, Eman Taryam AlShamsi, Walaa Alshuaibi, Faisal Alotaibi, Hesham Aldhalaan","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1487777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1487777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323176.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1392653
Amanda F Cashen
{"title":"The evolving role of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.","authors":"Amanda F Cashen","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1392653","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1392653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since their initial approval as single agent therapy for multiply relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been incorporated into second-line salvage regimens, and they are being investigated in upfront therapy of newly diagnosed patients. As second-line therapy in combination with brentuximab vedotin or multi-agent chemotherapy, nivolumab and pembrolizumab provide high complete remission rates and durable progression-free survival after consolidative autologous stem cell transplant. Incorporation of these agents into frontline chemotherapy regimens is feasible, and early results from a Phase III trial of nivolumab-AVD compare favorably with the existing standard for advanced stage HL, brentuximab vedotin plus AVD. As nivolumab and pembrolizumab move into earlier lines of HL therapy, open research questions include the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor regimens in patients who relapse after frontline exposure to nivolumab or pembrolizumab; the selection of patients with relapsed HL who can achieve durable remissions without autologous stem cell transplant; and the efficacy of the PD-1 inhibitors in the frontline therapy of patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1481950
Naseem Esteghamat, Aaron Tsumura, Gabriel Marquez-Arreguin, Joseph Tuscano
{"title":"Cellular therapy in older adults with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","authors":"Naseem Esteghamat, Aaron Tsumura, Gabriel Marquez-Arreguin, Joseph Tuscano","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1481950","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1481950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) was historically the curative-intent treatment for patients who demonstrated chemosensitivity to salvage therapy. However, a significant portion of patients do not make it autoHCT due to disease progression or overall fitness and eligibility. This is of particular concern in the older adult population. In recent years, significant advances in cellular therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and bispecific antibodies, in addition to improvement in autoHCT tolerability, have allowed for additional treatment options for patients with R/R DLBCL. These novel therapies offer the potential for durable remissions and cure, and should be considered in older patients. We present a review focused on the safety and efficacy of cellular therapies in the older adult population with R/R DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in OncologyPub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1449228
Edouard Romano, Sebastien Tran, Assma Ben Aissa, Miguel Carvalho Goncalves, André Durham, Pelagia Tsoutsou
{"title":"Very early symptomatic metastasis pseudoprogression after stereotactic brain radiosurgery in a melanoma patient treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors: a case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Edouard Romano, Sebastien Tran, Assma Ben Aissa, Miguel Carvalho Goncalves, André Durham, Pelagia Tsoutsou","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1449228","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1449228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Significant therapeutic changes have recently occurred in the management of melanoma brain metastases (BMs), both in the field of local treatments, with the rise of stereotactic radiotherapy (RT), as well as in systemic ones, with the advent of immunotherapy and targeted therapies (TT). These advances have brought about new challenges, particularly regarding the potential interactions between new TT (notably BRAF/MEK inhibitors) and irradiation. Through a clinical case, we will discuss a side effect not previously described in the literature: ultra-early pseudoprogression (PP) following brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), in a patient treated with dabrafenib-trametinib.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 61-year-old patient with BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma, receiving second-line dabrafenib-trametinib therapy, was referred for SRS on three progressing meningeal implants, without evidence of systemic progression. Four days after the first RT session (1x6 Gy on a fronto-orbital lesion prescribed 5x6 Gy, and 1x20 Gy single fraction on the other lesions), the patient presented with an epileptic seizure. An MRI, compared to the planning MRI ten days earlier, revealed significant progression of the irradiated lesions. The patient's condition improved with dexamethasone and levetiracetam, and RT was halted out of caution. A follow-up MRI at one month demonstrated a size reduction of all treated lesions. Subsequent imaging at five months revealed further shrinking of the two lesions treated with an ablative dose of 20 Gy, while the under-treated fronto-orbital lesion progressed. These dynamics suggest an initial PP in the three irradiated lesions, followed by good response in the ablatively treated lesions and progression in the partially treated lesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this represents the first documented case of ultra-early PP following brain SRS in a patient receiving concomitant dabrafenib-trametinib. It highlights the need for particular vigilance when using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with SRS, and warrants further research into potential treatment interactions between RT and novel systemic agents, as well as the optimal treatment sequence of melanoma BMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}