Frontiers in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"AGE-related efficacy and safety of darolutamide triplet therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: are we ready for routine clinical practice?","authors":"Fernando Munoz, Francesco Fiorica","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1971526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1971526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1971526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraptosis, a new type of cell death that can be applied to cancer treatment.","authors":"Xudong Wang, Jiaxing Ma, Bowen Tan, Yang Wang, Zhengwan Wang, Chunlan Hou, Qingjuan Chen, Xiang Jin","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1959542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1959542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paraptosis is a form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization and swelling of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent studies have demonstrated that inducing paraptosis in cancer cells can circumvent apoptosis resistance and synergize with other forms of cell death and tumor immunity, providing a novel strategy for anti-tumor therapy. The underlying mechanism of paraptosis involves ER stress triggered by inducers, leading to the swelling of the ER and mitochondria. This subsequently alters the cytoskeleton and disrupts molecular processes, such as calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis, ultimately causing cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell death. Unlike other forms of programmed cell death, paraptosis is caspase-independent and is marked by mitochondrial and ER swelling, along with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization, without nuclear pyknosis or cell membrane rupture. Various natural compounds, chemical agents, and nanomedicines have been shown to induce paraptosis, which also holds potential in immunotherapy by promoting immunogenic cell death (ICD) and systemic anti-tumor responses. Thus, in cases where cancer cells evade and develop resistance to conventional pro-apoptotic therapies, paraptosis induction offers an alternative therapeutic approach. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying paraptosis and its targeted induction may facilitate the development of novel cancer treatments. This paper explores the impact of paraptosis on cancer cells, the mechanisms by which different drugs induce paraptosis, and the potential applications of paraptosis in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1959542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based prediction of HER2 status from breast diffusion-weighted MRI.","authors":"Yao Zhang, Xinran Kan, Jiaqi Wang, Jie Peng, Jun Cai, Yajun Ma, Cheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1863720","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1863720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The accurate classification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. However, the biopsy, the current gold standard for differentiating HER2 status, is invasive and time-consuming. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel deep learning model was developed to differentiate HER2-negative and HER2-positive status in breast cancer solely based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 239 women patients confirmed with breast cancer from two local medical centers. A hybrid CNN-Transformer DL model was proposed, which took DWI images (the ADC maps, DWI images with b = 0 s/mm² and b = 800 s/mm²) as inputs and output the classification of HER2-negative and HER2-positive status. Classification by the proposed DL model was quantitatively compared to the classification by the other benchmark DL models and two clinical experts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data of the 239 patients (mean age, 49.4 ± 10.0 years) were separated into a training set (n = 156), an internal test set (n = 39), and an external test set (n = 44). On the internal test set, the proposed DL model performed numerically better than the best benchmark DL model (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.93 vs. 0.89; accuracy: 0.90 vs. 0.85). On the external test set, the proposed model also performed numerically better than the best benchmark model (AUC: 0.91 vs. 0.87; accuracy: 0.84 vs. 0.82), and significantly better than the two clinical experts (AUC: 0.91 vs. 0.65 vs. 0.63; accuracy: 0.84 vs. 0.61 vs. 0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the promise of combining DWI and DL for the classification of HER2 status in breast cancer, and it may potentially serve as a non-invasive adjunct or decision-support tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1863720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative HAIC enlarges future liver remnant in initial unresectable HCC patients with Vp3 tumor thrombus.","authors":"Yifan Zhang, Yiquan Lu, Yuchen Yang, Xinyi Luo, Nan Wang, Fengjie Hao, Weixia Li, Yongjun Chen, Junqing Wang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1906245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1906245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conversion strategy is the optimal treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, a severe lack of future liver remnant (FLR) may result in early withdrawal. In this small sample retrospective study, we investigated FLR changes after conversion therapies. Notably, patients with ipsilateral Vp3 portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) showed a significant FLR increase after treatment and provided an advantage for carrying out radical surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>53 uHCC patients with Vp0 to Vp3 tumor thrombus were enrolled and divided into two groups (Vp0-2 and Vp3) based on the initial PVTT status. All patients received anti-PD-L1 and anti-VEGF therapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) every three weeks. The FLR was measured at baseline and after 3-4 cycles. The odds ratio (OR) between Vp3 and FLR changes was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 53 patients, 28 achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after conversion treatment. FLR did not change in Vp0-2 group, regardless of the response. While a significant FLR increase was observed in Vp3 group, especially in patients with CR and PR. 10 cases of successfully converted Vp3 patients showed an average FLR enlargement of 18.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our study, Vp3 patients demonstrated greater FLR enlargement after conversion therapy combined with HAIC, probably due to the thrombus' restriction on blood flow to the tumor side liver. This observation may help to increase both the surgeons' and the uHCC patients' confidence in continuing treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1906245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Evolving non-invasive biomarkers: chemokines and multi-omic profiling in NSCLC immunotherapy response.","authors":"Jacobo Rogado, Elisabet González Del Portillo, Diego Casado Elía, Jaime Rubio-Perez","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.2002791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.2002791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"2002791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative options for the management of anxiety and depression in people with cancer.","authors":"Linda E Carlson, Julie M Deleemans, Chantal Savard, Nisha Marshall, Elisabeth T Irving, Jamie N Petersson, Hanna S W Conradi, Sasha Mallya","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1896549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1896549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes the definition, diagnosis and prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders in people with cancer, followed by an overview of integrative therapies that are guideline-recommended for managing these conditions. Recommended therapies include mindfulness-based interventions, yoga, relaxation, music, reflexology, Taichi/Qigong, acupuncture, lavender aromatherapy and hypnosis. This is followed by a summary of emerging therapies that show preliminary evidence of efficacy, but are not yet included in guideline recommendations, including other forms of aromatherapy, light therapy, biofield therapies, psychedelic-assisted therapy and nature-based interventions. The paper concludes with a summary of common methodological issues and suggestions for future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1896549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of traditional Chinese medicine combined with conventional therapies on the survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer: a retrospective observational cohort study.","authors":"Jianfu Zhou, Shuyang Yang, Haoqiang Chen, Lei Hu, Yinglin Zhou, Hui Jiang, Jingmin Mai, Shu Gan, Zhiqiang Chen, Songtao Xiang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1948429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1948429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is incorporated into the long-term integrative management of advanced prostate cancer in China, but evidence linking treatment duration with survival remains limited. Because treatment duration accumulates during follow-up, classifying patients by their final recorded treatment duration can misallocate pre-threshold observation time and bias survival comparisons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the association between cumulative continuous TCM treatment exceeding 6 months and all-cause mortality in a single-center retrospective cohort of 242 patients with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma at diagnosis who received continuous TCM from diagnosis. Follow-up continued through May 1, 2024. Treatment exceeding 6 months was modeled as a time-dependent exposure in Multivariable Cox regression, with sensitivity analyses addressing an alternative threshold, disease-severity adjustment, influential observations, and loss to follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 147 deaths occurred. Median overall survival was 53.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 44.0-61.0), with 3- and 5-year survival rates of 64.0% and 43.4%, respectively. Cumulative continuous TCM treatment exceeding 6 months was associated with a lower average hazard of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.269; 95% CI, 0.186-0.389; P < 0.001). The association attenuated over time: adjusted HRs at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were 0.098, 0.192, 0.286, and 0.471, respectively. Sensitivity analyses yielded estimates in the same direction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings define a duration-survival association among TCM users and support prospective, multicenter evaluation using detailed longitudinal treatment records.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1948429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging innovative immunotherapies in malignant ascites: current landscape, challenges and perspectives.","authors":"Xian Liu, Xiaobo Peng, Xiaoxiao Wu, Yue Wu, Tong Yin, Jingyu Liu, Huawei Xu, Xianbao Zhan","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1893803","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1893803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant ascites is a common, severe complication of advanced solid tumors, driven by multifactorial pathogenesis, including impaired lymphatic drainage, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced vascular hyperpermeability, pro-permeability inflammatory cytokines, and profound peritoneal immunosuppression. Clinically, it correlates with poor prognosis, reduced overall survival, and substantial quality-of-life deterioration. Current treatment remains predominantly palliative: repeated large-volume paracentesis offers transient symptom relief, fails to prevent reaccumulation, and carries procedural risks. Emerging evidence indicates malignant ascites is not merely passive fluid accumulation but an active, immunosuppressive niche shaped by bidirectional crosstalk among tumor cells, stromal components, diverse immune subsets (e.g., regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dysfunctional CD8⁺ T cells), and soluble mediators. This narrative review summarizes recent advances in immunomodulatory treatment for malignant ascites, with an emphasis on strategies targeting the ascitic immune microenvironment. Intraperitoneal administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown acceptable safety and preliminary activity in early-phase single-arm trials, although confirmatory data from larger controlled studies are lacking. In randomized trials, the T-cell engager catumaxomab prolonged puncture-free survival, while the bispecific antibody M701 has shown similar benefits in a phase II randomized controlled study; these findings support further investigation of localized T-cell redirection. Preclinical and early-phase clinical studies suggest that intraperitoneal oncolytic viruses can induce immunogenic tumor cell death and T-cell activation, with single-cell analyses indicating remodeling of the ascitic immune microenvironment. Future directions include integrating ascites immune phenotyping, patient-derived organoids for drug sensitivity testing, and machine learning-based decision support to guide personalized immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1893803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney with prominent peritumoral adipose tissue: a case report radiologically mimicking angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts.","authors":"Chuanchuan Wu, Yang Zhang, Bangwei Che, Jiancheng Zhai, Shenglan Yuan, Linjie Lu, Kai Xiong, Yinqian Li, Kai-Fa Tang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1918612","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1918612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MEST) is a rare renal neoplasm with biphasic differentiation comprising epithelial and stromal components. It typically appears as a mixed cystic-solid mass on imaging, and the prognosis is favorable in the vast majority of cases. We report a case of MEST with a prominent fat component on imaging: a 54-year-old woman was admitted with a 1-month history of left flank distension and pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a mixed cystic-solid mass at the lower pole of the left kidney, with a prominent low-attenuation fat-density area surrounding the mass. Preoperatively, the lesion was considered an unusual angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts (AMLEC). Because the lesion was small, located at the lower pole, and relatively well circumscribed, the patient underwent laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy. Postoperative histopathologic examination confirmed that the left renal mass was benign; however, immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated positivity for EMA and PCK in the epithelial component and for PR and ER in the stromal component, supporting a diagnosis of MEST. The adipose tissue submitted separately with the tumor was located around the tumor and could not be definitively confirmed as an intratumoral component. This case demonstrates that MEST may also exhibit prominent adipose tissue on imaging and illustrates the diagnostic pitfall in which fat-related imaging findings cause MEST to mimic AMLEC, making the early distinction between MEST and cystic change in fat-containing renal tumors challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1918612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiparametric MRI-based habitat and peritumoral radiomics integrating semi-automated segmentation for preoperative prediction of high-grade prostate cancer: a dual-center study.","authors":"Danni Hua, Luyang Ma, Xiaodong Ji, Lixiang Huang, Yujiao Zhao, Wen Shen","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1937448","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2026.1937448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning framework that combines semi-automated segmentation, intratumoral habitats derived from multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and multiscale peritumoral radiomics to predict high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa) before surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective dual-center study involved 274 patients, comprising 208 from Center 1 for development and 66 from Center 2 for external test. The clinical and imaging variables included patient age, serum PSA, fPSA, PSAD, maximum tumor diameter, PI-RADS scores, and anatomical zone distribution (PZ vs. TZ). The development cohort was randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 145) and an internal validation cohort (n = 63). Intratumoral habitats were delineated using semi-automated segmentation and unsupervised K-means clustering, while peritumoral radiomic features were extracted from concentric 1-, 3-, and 5-mm shells. Predictive classifiers were optimized through machine learning algorithms, particularly a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for the habitat signature. A combined clinical-radiomics nomogram was constructed, with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) employed to enhance model interpretability. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the discriminative performance of the combined nomogram across the peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined nomogram exhibited superior diagnostic performance, achieving AUCs of 0.914, 0.903, and 0.797 in the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external test cohort, respectively. The MLP-based habitat model showed good discriminative performance, with AUCs of 0.896, 0.897, and 0.782 across the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external test cohort, respectively. Among the peritumoral regions, the 5-mm shell demonstrated the best discriminative performance. SHAP analysis identified Habitat 1 Shape Sphericity as the most influential feature. Subgroup analysis demonstrated the discriminatory ability of the combined nomogram in both the PZ (AUC: 0.796) and TZ (AUC: 0.753) subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of semi-automated segmentation-based habitat analysis and peritumoral radiomics provides a promising approach for preoperative risk stratification of prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1937448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}