Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical, functional, and quality-of-life characteristics of women with comorbid fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome and their associations with FIQR scores.","authors":"Antonella Bianco, Nicola Verrelli, Giuseppe Riezzo, Gaetana Laselva, Marco Grasso, Isabella Franco, Laura Prospero, Benedetta D'Attoma, Antonia Ignazzi, Maria Noemy Pastore, Elisa Grazioli, Attilio Parisi, Francesco Russo","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1922718","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1922718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibromyalgia (FM) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently co-occur, sharing pathophysiological mechanisms such as central sensitization and gut-brain axis dysregulation. Given that exercise is a first-line non-pharmacological intervention for FM, detailed baseline characterization may inform future exercise-based research. This study aimed to describe the physical, functional, symptomatic, and quality-of-life profile of women with FM+IBS comorbidity in relation to FM severity, assessed continuously and, secondarily, categorically using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study, conducted at IRCCS \"Saverio de Bellis\" (Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy), enrolled 33 women (mean age 47.7 ± 8.6 years) diagnosed with FM (2016 ACR criteria) and IBS (Rome IV criteria). Participants were stratified into three groups by FIQR score: Remission/Mild (n=7), Moderate (n=13), and High Severity (n=13). FIQR total score was analyzed as a continuous exposure using Spearman correlations with bootstrapped 95% CIs as the primary analysis; the three-group stratification was retained as a secondary, exploratory presentation. Assessments included pain (VAS), tender points, gastrointestinal symptoms (IBS-SSS), kinesiophobia (TSK), sleep quality (PSQI), physical activity (IPAQ), functional fitness tests, and quality of life (SF-36).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived pain showed the strongest association with FIQR severity (Spearman's rho=0.57, p<0.001), with values nearly doubling in the High Severity versus Remission/Mild stratum. Physical activity level (IPAQ; exact p=0.021) differed significantly across FIQR strata, with greater inactivity in the Moderate group. Lower-limb functional strength/endurance, handgrip strength, six-minute walk distance, kinesiophobia, and SF-36 Mental Component Summary were all significantly associated with continuous FIQR (all p<0.05); the Sit-to-Stand difference across categorical strata, significant under standard ANOVA (p=0.048), lost significance under Welch's ANOVA (p=0.148) and Kruskal-Wallis testing (p=0.072). Gastrointestinal burden remained elevated across all groups, with no clear association with FIQR severity (rho=0.29, p=0.097). Sleep quality and SF-36 scores were markedly impaired regardless of FIQR class.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory sample, greater FM severity was primarily associated with increased pain and reduced lower-limb functional capacity, while gastrointestinal burden remained consistently elevated across the severity spectrum. These descriptive, hypothesis-generating findings may help guide the design of future, adequately powered studies addressing pain threshold, functional capacity, and gastrointestinal tolerance in exercise management of FM+IBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1922718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic stretch increases glucose uptake and pro-inflammatory response in rat alveolar epithelial type II cells.","authors":"Jorge M C Ferreira, Robert Huhle, Sabine Müller, Thea Koch, Marcelo Gama de Abreu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1909536","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1909536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mechanical ventilation (MV) is used to improve gas exchange but can exacerbate lung inflammation by increasing alveolar cell stretch, leading to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Alveolar epithelial stretching promotes cytokine release, but its effects on glucose uptake remain unclear. <i>In vitro</i> studies suggest that high tidal volume ventilation corresponds to cyclic stretch levels of approximately 18%, whereas larger deformations represent supraphysiological and injurious conditions. Therefore, 30% cyclic stretch was used to reproduce severe alveolar deformation associated with volutrauma. We investigated the modulation of inflammation and glucose uptake in alveolar epithelial type II cells exposed to excessive cyclic stretch. We hypothesized that cells exposed to an overstretch of 30% at 1 and 4 hours would increase glucose uptake and pro-inflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rat alveolar epithelial type II cells (L2 AECs) treated and untreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were exposed to 1 or 4 hours of 30% cyclic stretch. Non-stretched cells, stimulated or not with LPS, served as a control. Glucose oxidase activity was measured using a colorimetric/fluorometric assay, while glucose uptake was assessed by immunofluorescence using the fluorescent glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). Gene expression and secretion were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Šidák's multiple comparisons test, with significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>30% cyclic stretch significantly increased glucose uptake and glucose oxidase activity in both LPS-treated and untreated cells. Inflammatory gene expression and mediator secretion were predominantly increased in LPS-primed cells, although the effects varied according to the marker and time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, excessive cyclic stretch increased the glucose-related readouts assessed in AECs L2 cells, whereas inflammatory responses were more strongly influenced by LPS stimulation and varied among mediators and time points.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1909536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response relationships between temporal variables of blood flow restriction exercise and physiological adaptations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuda Li, Yi Wang, Sijie Wang, Tong Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1947412","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1947412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate dose-response relationships between temporal variables of blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise as a physiological stimulus and changes in physiological adaptations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA, Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus were searched (inception-3 May 2026) for RCTs in athletes or physically active healthy adolescents and young adults comparing BFR interventions with conventional exercise protocols. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and certainty with GRADE. In total, 15 articles (16 trials; 50 effect sizes) were included. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were computed, with effect directions harmonised for context-dependent outcomes (HR, RER, RPE) so that positive values consistently reflect physiological improvements. These SMDs were pooled using a three-level random-effects model with robust variance estimation (RVE; clustered by study). A DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with inverse-variance weighting was used for consistency checks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, BFR exercise elicited significant physiological adaptations (SMD = 0.249, 95% CI: 0.095-0.405), with findings remaining consistent in the DerSimonian-Laird model (overall SMD = 0.231, 95% CI: 0.111-0.349). By intensity, effects were: high-intensity BFR group (SMD = 0.208, 95% CI: 0.163-0.252), moderate-intensity group (SMD = 0.315, 95% CI: -0.465-1.095) and low-intensity group (SMD = 0.293, 95% CI: 0.057-0.529). Meta-regression showed positive associations of effect size with BFR duration (β = 0.0136, <i>p</i> = 0.0011) and stimulus duration (β = 0.0104, <i>p</i> = 0.0347). However, after adjusting for the period, BFR duration was not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0972) due to collinearity; BFR pressure was not a significant moderator. Regarding specific physiological responses, only VO₂max showed robust statistical significance (SMD = 0.386, 95% CI: 0.055-0.717).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most consistent evidence for BFR-induced improvements relates specifically to VO₂max, whereas effects on other physiological outcomes remain tentative. In the initial RVE, among the specific physiological outcomes, VO₂max, MPO, and RER reached significance, whereas HR and MAP were borderline; upon DL re-verification, only VO₂max retained significance. Low-intensity BFR showed clearer advantages over conventional low-intensity exercise, whereas benefits were smaller versus conventional high-intensity protocols. Both BFR duration and stimulus duration showed positive dose-response relationships with effect size. However, multivariable models revealed that the apparent effect of BFR duration was confounded by the total intervention period. In addition, no other variables exhibited significant moderating effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1947412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental exposures and intergenerational cardiovascular risk: epigenetic reprogramming via parental exercise.","authors":"Yuhang Zheng, Guanfeng Qin, Zijian Li, Xiaoying Zhu, Haiwang Shi, Fulong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1932608","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1932608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a predominant cause of global mortality. The spectrum of traditional risk factors is rapidly expanding, largely driven by the modern cardiovascular exposome. This comprehensive exposome encompasses environmental hazards, sedentary lifestyles, and severe psychosocial stress. Clinical management has evolved toward an integrated system to counteract these threats, yet traditional strategies primarily target the middle and late stages of pathogenesis. Addressing this limitation, modern research has shifted its focus to intergenerational effects. At the molecular level, epigenetic regulation may constitute a key mechanistic link between parental environmental exposures and cardiovascular susceptibility in offspring. Harmful parental exposures can reshape epigenetic regulation within germ cells placental tissues and the developing fetus. By contrast regular physical activity prior to or during pregnancy may exert favorable effects on these biological processes as well as the intrauterine environment conferring potential protective benefits to offspring cardiovascular health. Consequently, future strategies for CVD prevention and control must adopt a life-course perspective. The proactive optimization of the epigenetic environment during early life holds the potential to reduce the burden of CVD at its source.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1932608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pre-competition conditioning strategies on acute sport performance in high-level athletes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Xueliang Chen, Haixu Hu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1930250","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1930250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the effects of different pre-competition conditioning strategies on sport performance in high-level athletes and aimed to provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing competitive readiness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception until 4 August 2026 to identify randomized controlled or crossover trials examining acute pre-competition conditioning strategies in high-level athletes. Frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses used standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Intervention rankings were evaluated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Sensitivity analyses used assumed within-participant correlation coefficients of 0.30, 0.50, and 0.70.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-nine publications contributing 90 independent datasets involving 1,609 high-level athletes were included. Four outcome-specific networks were constructed for explosive/jump, speed/change-of-direction, sport-specific, and endurance performance. No significant inconsistency was detected across networks. For explosive/jump performance, post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) was superior to regular warm-up (WU) [SMD = 0.40, 95% CI 0.20-0.59] and ranked highest by SUCRA (91.5%). For speed/change-of-direction performance, foam rolling showed the largest effect versus WU [SMD = 0.66, 95% CI 0.10-1.21], followed in the rankings by dynamic stretching and PAPE. For sport-specific performance, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was superior to sham stimulation [SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.16-0.92]. For endurance performance, remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) was superior to WU [SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.20-1.05] and ranked highest (95.1%). Sensitivity analyses did not materially alter the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute pre-competition conditioning strategies exert outcome-specific effects rather than universal performance benefits in high-level athletes. PAPE may be most applicable to explosive performance; foam rolling, dynamic stretching, and PAPE to speed/change-of-direction tasks; IPC to sport-specific tasks; and RIPC to endurance performance. Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) ratings ranged from high to very low across comparisons; therefore, SUCRA rankings should be interpreted alongside the certainty and amount of supporting evidence. Further high-quality randomized crossover studies are needed.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261368915, identifier CRD420261368915.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1930250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endurance tests capture complementary dimensions of physical performance.","authors":"Petr Kellner, Michal Mašek, Jiří Neubauer, Michal Polách, Michal Punčochář, Jiří Zháněl","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1973746","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1973746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Commonly used endurance tests are often treated as interchangeable, although the extent to which they capture shared and distinct dimensions of physical performance remains unclear. This study examined the informational value of commonly used endurance tests and identified a reduced battery that preserved multidimensional performance information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 157 men (20.9 ± 1.2 years) and 29 women (20.7 ± 1.0 years) completed six endurance tests alongside assessments of strength, power, agility, and body composition. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and multiple regression were used to evaluate shared and unique information across tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Running tests were strongly interrelated, as were rowing tests. A general endurance component explained 59.4% and 70.5% of variance in men and women, respectively, while additional components distinguished running, rowing, and physical work capacity. Women exhibited stronger relationships among endurance and other physical performance characteristics. A four-test battery reconstructed 67.6% and 73.5% of the information contained in the full battery in men and women, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Common endurance tests provide complementary rather than interchangeable information, and a reduced battery can efficiently characterize multidimensional physical performance while substantially reducing testing demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1973746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum metabolic signatures associated with running performance in healthy men living in a cold environment: insights into amino acid and energy metabolism.","authors":"Kexin Fang, Lixia Yu, Ruixin Zhu, Jingjing He, Liwei Zhang, Ran Wang, Yiran Zheng, Tieqiang Sun, Zhanxin Yao, Jie Guo","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1920016","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1920016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic exposure to cold environments may impose distinct metabolic demands that are relevant to physical performance; however, the metabolic characteristics associated with physical performance in individuals living in cold environments remain incompletely understood. We aimed to characterize serum metabolomic profiles associated with differences in physical performance among healthy adults residing in a cold region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 178 healthy males residing in a cold-region environment, 141 participants with available serum metabolomics data were included and stratified according to 3,000-meter running performance into Good (≤14 minutes 13 seconds, n = 76) and Poor (>14 minutes 13 seconds, n = 65) groups. Fasting serum samples underwent untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry profiling. Differentially abundant metabolites were identified using covariate-adjusted linear models implemented in the limma framework, with appendicular skeletal muscle mass index included as a continuous covariate. Differentially abundant metabolites were defined using a Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted <i>P</i> < 0.05 and |log₂FC| > 0.25. Global metabolic profiles were explored using PCA and PLS-DA, followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 141 males aged 28-40 years were included. After adjustment for ASMI, 10 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the Good and Poor groups. Six metabolites showed higher adjusted abundances in the Good group, including cortisol (FDR = 0.031, log₂FC = 0.321, 95% CI: 0.155 to 0.488), whereas four metabolites showed higher adjusted abundances in the Poor group, including glutamic acid (FDR = 0.013, log₂FC = -0.262, 95% CI: -0.380 to -0.145). Nominally significant enrichment was observed for nitrogen metabolism (<i>P</i> value = 0.011), arginine biosynthesis (<i>P</i> value = 0.026), butanoate metabolism (<i>P</i> value = 0.028), and histidine metabolism (<i>P</i> value = 0.030); however, no pathway remained significant after FDR correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in running performance were associated with distinct serum metabolic patterns involving amino-acid and nitrogen metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and stress- and redox-associated metabolic processes. These findings may provide metabolic hypotheses on inter-individual differences in running performance and identify candidate metabolic pathways for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1920016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot-wellness-informed ecological framework for human-autonomy teaming in future fighter aviation.","authors":"Caelan Midwood","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1913172","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1913172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Future fighter operations are expected to combine increasingly capable autonomy, collaborative aircraft, dense sensor information, and sustained physiological and cognitive demands. This Perspective proposes a pilot-wellness-informed ecological framework in which the pilot, a pilot-specific digital twin, an intelligent flight-management system, the aircraft, and external agents are treated as interdependent elements within a systems-of-systems framework. The framework does not replace situation awareness, distributed cognition, joint cognitive systems, adaptive automation, or human-autonomy teaming. Instead, it extends their unit of analysis by making the pilot's dynamic physiological and neurocognitive state, longitudinal variability, and health-related constraints explicit system variables and design objectives. The pilot digital twin is defined narrowly as an individualized state-estimation and forecasting capability, whereas the intelligent flight-management system integrates pilot, platform, mission, and environmental information to provide explainable recommendations and, where authorized, bounded adaptive action. We identify testable propositions concerning individualized prediction, adaptive support, shared situation awareness, trust calibration, and governance. The framework is prospective and requires validation in simulation, training, and operationally representative environments. Its purpose is to organize research toward systems that protect pilot agency, sustain performance, and preserve long-term health while exploiting increasingly autonomous teammates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1913172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of resistance exercise snacks via a mobile health app on musculoskeletal strength in sedentary young women: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Zhangyuting Shang, Ziren Zhao, Xin Zheng, Fangyuan Zhao, Yan Ma, Zheng Liu, Kaixiang Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1926054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1926054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effects of an eight-week Exercise Snacks (ES) program based on a mobile app on musculoskeletal strength in sedentary young women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty sedentary young women were randomly assigned to the ES group (n=30) or the control group (n=30). Participants in the ES group completed an eight-week exercise program with 75 minutes per week. Outcome measures before and after intervention included maximal strength (peak torque, maximal force output), explosive strength (standing long jump), and muscular endurance (total work at 180°/s, bodyweight squats to failure). We used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) with Bonferroni <i>post hoc</i> tests, and effect sizes were reported as partial eta squared ( <math> <mrow><msubsup><mtext>η</mtext> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </mrow> </math> ). p < 0.05 was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interactions were observed for all outcomes (p < 0.05). In the ES group, peak torque at 60°/s increased from 115.68 ± 33.92 N·m to 128.40 ± 36.88 N·m, while the control group showed a change from 116.76 ± 30.32 N·m to 118.85 ± 30.20 N·m (p = 0.011, <math> <mrow> <msubsup><mstyle><mi>η</mi></mstyle> <mstyle><mi>p</mi></mstyle> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </mrow> </math> = 0.107). Maximal force output in the ES group increased from 568.07 ± 43.45 N to 579.61 ± 46.35 N, compared to the control group, which decreased from 558.98 ± 44.26 N to 557.46 ± 45.16 N (p = 0.026, <math> <mrow> <msubsup><mstyle><mi>η</mi></mstyle> <mstyle><mi>p</mi></mstyle> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> <mo> </mo></mrow> </math> = 0.083). The standing long jump improved from 165.20 ± 10.45 cm to 172.17 ± 10.72 cm in the ES group, whereas the control group improved from 167.27 ± 9.98 cm to 168.43 ± 9.74 cm (p < 0.001, <math> <mrow> <msubsup><mstyle><mi>η</mi></mstyle> <mstyle><mi>p</mi></mstyle> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> <mo> </mo></mrow> </math> = 0.258). Total work at 180°/s in the ES group increased from 722.82 ± 109.39 J to 812.85 ± 128.35 J, while the control group showed an increase from 738.86 ± 81.02 J to 760.73 ± 79.80 J (p < 0.001, <math> <mrow> <msubsup><mstyle><mi>η</mi></mstyle> <mstyle><mi>p</mi></mstyle> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </mrow> </math> = 0.285). Lastly, the number of bodyweight squat repetitions increased from 27.87 ± 9.66 to 32.53 ± 10.88 in the ES group, compared to the control group, which increased from 25.67 ± 7.22 to 27.73 ± 7.90 (p = 0.019, <math> <mrow> <msubsup><mstyle><mi>η</mi></mstyle> <mstyle><mi>p</mi></mstyle> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </mrow> </math> = 0.091).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>75 minutes of resistance exercise snacks per week is an effective strategy for promoting musculoskeletal strength in sedentary women. Further studies should explore the underlying physiological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1926054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical and movement-quality predictors of lower-limb load-related injury in collegiate athletes: a prospective cohort study using functional movement screening, wearable inertial sensing, and explainable machine learning.","authors":"Xuqingfeng Xu, Jihe Zhang, Jianlu Liao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1920109","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1920109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower-limb load-related injuries account for a disproportionate share of time loss in collegiate sport, yet the biomechanical and movement-quality factors distinguishing injured from uninjured athletes remain incompletely characterized. This prospective cohort study followed 161 collegiate athletes for one competitive season, integrating Functional Movement Screen task-level scores with wearable inertial measurement unit-derived features - including peak tibial acceleration asymmetry, surrogate vertical loading rate, and pelvis-trunk stability indices - within an explainable machine learning framework. Four classifiers were compared across FMS-only, wearable-only, and fused configurations under nested five-fold cross-validation with embedded LASSO feature selection. Thirty-seven load-related time-loss injuries were recorded (23.0% incidence). The fused XGBoost model achieved an out-of-fold AUC of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61-0.79), outperforming FMS-only (AUC 0.62) and wearable-only (AUC 0.64) configurations by statistically significant margins. Peak tibial acceleration asymmetry and surrogate loading rate on the non-dominant limb were the strongest biomechanical predictors; in-line lunge and active straight-leg raise task scores contributed most among FMS inputs. Biomechanical features added an independent AUC increment of 0.07 beyond previous-injury history. SHAP analysis identified an interaction between tibial impact asymmetry and in-line lunge score that met the pre-specified directional stability criterion. These findings establish a physiologically interpretable template for biomechanical phenotyping of injury risk, supporting the combined use of wearable sensing and task-level movement screening in collegiate athletic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1920109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}