Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and chronic disease risk in adults and elderly: insights from the UK Biobank study.","authors":"Kei Shing Ng, Jie Lian, Fan Huang, Yan Yu, Varut Vardhanabhuti","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1465168","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1465168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the associations between different intensities of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the incidence of chronic diseases, and to assess the risk levels associated with these activities over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study (UK Biobank Activity Project) with data collected between June 2013 and December 2015 included 59,896 adults (mean age = 59.68; male = 38.03%) free from chronic diseases. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on their weekly MVPA: lowest (<224 min for males, <143 min for females), medium (224-444 min for males, 143-308 min for females), and highest (≥444 min for males, ≥308 min for females), stratified by gender. The mean onset of chronic disease symptoms occurred at 3.57 years, with participants followed up during this period. Wearable accelerometry data were used to quantify MVPA levels.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Lowest tertile of MVPA were significantly correlated with increased risks of chronic disease (24%-110% increased risk) based on odds ratios (ORs), with dose-response relationship observed. In males with the lowest tertile of MVPA, significant associations were identified with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR = 1.90; CI: 1.44-2.51), neurodegenerative disease (OR = 1.80; CI: 1.19-2.71), metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.34; CI: 1.18-1.53), hypertension (OR = 1.27; CI: 1.12-1.44), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (OR = 1.24; CI: 1.03-1.49). In females, the lowest tertile of MVPA levels were associated with increased risks of neurodegenerative disease (OR = 2.10; CI: 1.36-3.24), T2DM (OR = 1.88; CI: 1.37-2.58), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 1.61; CI: 1.12-2.29), ASCVD (OR = 1.58; CI: 1.23-2.03), metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.49; CI: 1.32-1.69), and hypertension (OR = 1.44; CI: 1.29-1.61). Longitudinally, the lowest tertile of MVPA in males showed elevated risks for neurodegenerative disease (HR = 2.13; CI: 1.24-3.66), T2DM (HR = 1.83; CI: 1.30-2.57), hypertension (HR = 1.33; CI: 1.15-1.53), metabolic syndrome (HR = 1.32; CI: 1.14-1.54), and ASCVD (HR = 1.29; CI: 1.03-1.61). In females, the lowest tertile of MVPA was associated with similar risks for ASCVD (HR = 1.59; CI: 1.16-2.20), T2DM (HR = 1.57; CI: 1.08-2.29), hypertension (HR = 1.53; CI: 1.34-1.74), and metabolic syndrome (HR = 1.50; CI: 1.29-1.73).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using wearable accelerometry data, this study demonstrated the quantifiable risks of chronic diseases and their development, highlighting the importance of MVPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1465168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal TNF-α receptor 1 is differentially required for phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) over the course of motor neuron death in adult rats.","authors":"Ryan D Lewis, Amy N Keilholz, Catherine L Smith, Ethan A Burd, Nicole L Nichols","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1488951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intrapleural injections of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) result in selective respiratory (<i>e.g.</i>, phrenic) motor neuron death and mimics aspects of motor neuron disease [(<i>e.g.</i>, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)], such as breathing deficits. This rodent model allows us to study the impact motor neuron death has on the output of surviving phrenic motor neurons as well as the compensatory mechanisms that are recruited. Microglial density in the phrenic motor nucleus as well as cervical gene expression of markers associated with inflammation (<i>e.g</i>., tumor necrosis factor α; TNF-α) are increased following CTB-SAP-induced phrenic motor neuron death, and ketoprofen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) delivery attenuated phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) in 7 day (d) CTB-SAP rats but enhanced pLTF in 28d CTB-SAP rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we worked to determine the impact of TNF-α in the phrenic motor nucleus by: 1) quantifying TNFR1 (a high affinity transmembrane receptor for TNF-α) expression; 2) investigating astrocytes (glial cells known to release TNF-α) by performing a morphological analysis in the phrenic motor nucleus; and 3) determining whether acute TNFR1 inhibition differentially affects phrenic plasticity over the course of CTB-SAP-induced motor neuron loss by delivering an inhibitor for TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNFR1i) in 7d and 28d male CTB-SAP and control rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that TNFR1 expression was increased on phrenic motor neurons of 28d CTB-SAP rats (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and that astrocytes were increased and exhibited reactive morphology (consistent with an activated phenotype; <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the phrenic motor nucleus of CTB-SAP rats. Additionally, we found that pLTF was attenuated in 7d CTB-SAP rats but enhanced in 28d CTB-SAP rats (<i>p</i> < 0.05) following intrathecal sTNFR1i delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work suggests that we could harness TNFR1 as a potential therapeutic agent in CTB-SAP rats and patients with respiratory motor neuron disease by increasing compensatory plasticity in surviving neurons to improve phrenic motor neuron function and breathing as well as quality of life. Future studies will focus on microglial and astrocytic cytokine release, the role they play in the differential mechanisms of pLTF utilized by 7d and 28d CTB-SAP rats, and potential therapies that target them.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1488951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nernst-Planck-Gaussian finite element modelling of Ca²⁺ electrodiffusion in amphibian striated muscle transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticular triadic junctional domains.","authors":"Marco D Rodríguez, Joshua A Morris, Oliver J Bardsley, Hugh R Matthews, Christopher L-H Huang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1468333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1468333","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Intracellular Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; signalling regulates membrane permeabilities, enzyme activity, and gene transcription amongst other functions. Large transmembrane Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; electrochemical gradients and low diffusibility between cell compartments potentially generate short-lived, localised, high-[Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;] microdomains. The highest concentration domains likely form between closely apposed membranes, as at amphibian skeletal muscle transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticular (T-SR, triad) junctions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Finite element computational analysis characterised the formation and steady state and kinetic properties of the Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; microdomains using established empirical physiological and anatomical values. It progressively incorporated Fick diffusion and Nernst-Planck electrodiffusion gradients, K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, and Donnan protein, and calmodulin (CaM)-mediated Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; buffering. It solved for temporal-spatial patterns of free and buffered Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Gaussian charge differences, and membrane potential changes, following Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; release into the T-SR junction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Computational runs using established low and high Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; diffusibility (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Ca2+&lt;/sub&gt;) limits both showed that voltages arising from intracytosolic total [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;] gradients and the counterions little affected microdomain formation, although elevated &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Ca2+&lt;/sub&gt; reduced attained [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;] and facilitated its kinetics. Contrastingly, adopting known cytosolic CaM concentrations and CaM-Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; affinities markedly increased steady-state free ([Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;free&lt;/sub&gt;) and total ([Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;]), albeit slowing microdomain formation, all to extents reduced by high &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Ca2+&lt;/sub&gt;. However, both low and high &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Ca2+&lt;/sub&gt; yielded predictions of similar, physiologically effective, [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-CaM]. This Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; trapping by the relatively immobile CaM particularly increased [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;] at the junction centre. [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;free&lt;/sub&gt;, [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-CaM], [Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;], and microdomain kinetics all depended on both CaM-Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; affinity and &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Ca2+.&lt;/sub&gt; These changes accompanied only small Gaussian (∼6 mV) and surface charge (∼1 mV) effects on tubular transmembrane potential at either &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Ca2+&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;These physical predictions of T-SR Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; microdomain formation and properties are compatible with the microdomain roles in Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-CaM-mediated signalling but limited the effects on tubular transmembrane potentials. CaM emerges as a potential major regulator of both the kinetics and the extent of microdomain formation. These possible cellular Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; signalling roles are discussed in relation to possible feedback modulation pr","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1468333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protracted maternal malnutrition induces aberrant changes in maternal uterine artery hemodynamics and the metabolic profiles of the dam and neonate.","authors":"Jennifer F Thorson, Ligia D Prezotto","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1501309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1501309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutritional stress during gestation is a well-established driver of metabolic disfunction in offspring. Extended exposure to malnutrition requires metabolic plasticity as the animal shifts toward a catabolic state. In this paper we demonstrate the influence of malnutrition throughout gestation on uterine artery hemodynamics and the metabolism of the dam and neonate. We hypothesized that gestational malnutrition reduces blood flow of the maternal uterine artery and regulates the metabolic profile of the dam and offspring. Further, the combination of these factors consequently influences the concentration of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of the neonate at birth. To test our hypotheses, pregnant cows caring a single female fetus were assigned to treatments by age and body condition score to one of three individually-fed dietary treatments: Underfed, Control, or Overfed throughout gestation. Uterine blood flow was measured via transrectal Doppler ultrasonography in late gestation. Blood samples were collected from dams throughout gestation, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from neonates at birth to analyze concentration of metabolites. In the current report, we reveal that maternal malnutrition regulates uterine artery hemodynamics and the maternal metabolic profile throughout gestation. This is the first report to demonstrate that maternal undernutrition leads to an increase in the concentration of urea nitrogen in neonates. Finally, a concentration gradient of metabolites from the dam to neonatal cerebrospinal fluid was observed, which may have potential implications for central nervous system development. These findings not only illustrate the complexity of the maternal-to-fetal interaction required to support the growth of the fetus and homeostasis of the dam but also reveals a novel avenue for investigating the influence of protracted maternal malnutrition on metabolic pathway preferences in offspring. Moreover, these findings are of paramount importance in the development of intervention strategies for morbid neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1501309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can trainability constrain physical fitness adaptations to small-sided games and high-intensity interval training in young male basketball players? a prospective cohort study.","authors":"LiXin Wei, YaFei Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1491347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1491347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research on the effects of training programs involving small-sided games (SSG) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been increasing in recent years. However, there is limited understanding of how an individual's initial physical fitness level might influence the extent of adaptations achieved through these programs. This study aimed to compare the impacts of SSG and HIIT on male soccer players, while also considering the players' athleticism, categorized into lower and higher total athleticism score (TSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted over a 6-week pre-season training period, involving 43 male soccer players from regional-level teams (average age 16.5 ± 0.7 years). Players were evaluated at the start and after the 6-week period. One team incorporated SSG as a core component of their aerobic-based training, while the other team used HIIT. Evaluations included a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a 30-meter linear sprint test, and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). TSA was calculated to assess each player's overall athleticism level (classifying them as fit and non-fit).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that non-fit players showed significantly greater CMJ improvements (mean difference: 3.0 cm; <i>p</i> < 0.005) and VIFT improvements (mean difference: 0.682 km/h; <i>p</i> = 0.002) in SSG compared to fit players. In the HIIT group, non-fit players also revealed greater improvements than fit players in CMJ (mean difference: 2.5 cm; <i>p</i> < 0.005) and peak speed in sprint (mean difference: 0.706 km/h; <i>p</i> = 0.002). No significant differences were found between groups regarding the observed improvements.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, this study suggests that the initial level of physical fitness significantly influences the magnitude of adaptations. Specifically, players with lower fitness levels appear to benefit more from training interventions. Improvements in CMJ and aerobic capacity in SSG seem to depend on players' fitness levels, and a similar trend is observed in HIIT for CMJ and peak speed. Individualizing training programs is recommended, with a focus on providing greater or different stimuli to more well-prepared players to ensure their continued development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1491347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin as a multifunctional modulator: emerging insights into its role in health, reproductive efficiency, and productive performance in livestock.","authors":"Ali Afzal","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1501334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1501334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin, a pleiotropic hormone plays a vital role in enhancing livestock performance not only by regulating circadian rhythms but also by exhibiting antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and metabolic regulatory effects that collectively improve resilience, fertility, and productivity. Melatonin's synthesis is predominantly influenced by light exposure, with increased production in darkness; however, factors such as diet and health status further modulate its levels. By helping animals adapt to environmental stressors, melatonin boosts immune responses, mitigates chronic illnesses, and optimizes production efficiency. Its regulatory influence extends to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, enhancing hormone secretion, synchronizing estrous cycles, and improving embryo viability. This results in improved reproductive outcomes through the protection of gametes, increased sperm motility, and enhanced oocyte quality, all of which benefit the fertilization process. Additionally, melatonin positively impacts productive performance, promoting muscle growth, development, and optimizing milk yield and composition through its interaction with metabolic and endocrine systems. As ongoing research continues to uncover its broader physiological effects, melatonin supplementation emerges as a promising approach to improving livestock welfare, productivity, and sustainability in modern animal husbandry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1501334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A motor imagery classification model based on hybrid brain-computer interface and multitask learning of electroencephalographic and electromyographic deep features.","authors":"Yingyu Cao, Shaowei Gao, Huixian Yu, Zhenxi Zhao, Dawei Zang, Chun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1487809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1487809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Extracting deep features from participants' bioelectric signals and constructing models are key research directions in motor imagery (MI) classification tasks. In this study, we constructed a multimodal multitask hybrid brain-computer interface net (2M-hBCINet) based on deep features of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) to effectively accomplish motor imagery classification tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The model first used a variational autoencoder (VAE) network for unsupervised learning of EEG and EMG signals to extract their deep features, and subsequently applied the channel attention mechanism (CAM) to select these deep features and highlight the advantageous features and minimize the disadvantageous ones. Moreover, in this study, multitask learning (MTL) was applied to train the 2M-hBCINet model, incorporating the primary task that is the MI classification task, and auxiliary tasks including EEG reconstruction task, EMG reconstruction task, and a feature metric learning task, each with distinct loss functions to enhance the performance of each task. Finally, we designed module ablation experiments, multitask learning comparison experiments, multi-frequency band comparison experiments, and muscle fatigue experiments. Using leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV), the accuracy and effectiveness of each module of the 2M-hBCINet model were validated using the self-made MI-EEMG dataset and the public datasets WAY-EEG-GAL and ESEMIT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that compared to comparative models, the 2M-hBCINet model demonstrated good performance and achieved the best results across different frequency bands and under muscle fatigue conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 2M-hBCINet model constructed based on EMG and EEG data innovatively in this study demonstrated excellent performance and strong generalization in the MI classification task. As an excellent end-to-end model, 2M-hBCINet can be generalized to be used in EEG-related fields such as anomaly detection and emotion analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1487809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and odor exposure regulation of odorant-binding proteins in <i>Picromerus lewisi</i>.","authors":"Shan-Cheng Yi, Jia-Ling Yu, Sara Taha Abdelkhalek, Zhi-Rong Sun, Man-Qun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1503440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1503440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly developed sensitive olfactory system is essential for <i>Picromerus lewisi</i> Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) adults, an widely distributed natural predatory enemy, to locate host plants. During this process, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are thought to have significant involvement in the olfactory recognition. However, the roles of OBPs in the olfactory perception of <i>P. lewisi</i> are not frequently reported. Here, we conducted odor exposure and transcriptome sequencing experiments using healthy and <i>Spodoptera litura</i>-infested tobacco plants as odor sources. The transcriptomic data revealed that the alteration in the expression of mRNA levels upon exposure to odor was sex-dependent. As the expression profiles differed significantly between male and female adults of <i>P. lewisi</i>. A total of 15 <i>P. lewisi</i> OBPs (PlewOBPs) were identified from the <i>P. lewisi</i> transcriptome. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that PlewOBPs can be classified into two subfamilies (classic OBP and plus-C OBP). The qRT-PCR results showed that the transcript abundance of 8 <i>PlewOBPs</i> substantially altered following exposure to <i>S. litura</i>-infested tobacco plants, compared to the blank control or healthy plants. This implies that these <i>PlewOBPs</i> may have an olfactory function in detecting <i>S. litura</i>-infested tobacco plants. This study establishes the foundation for further understanding of the olfactory recognition mechanism of <i>P</i>. <i>lewisi</i> and helps discover novel targets for functional characterization in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1503440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why blood flow restriction cuff features are an important methodological consideration- a short commentary on \"cerebral cortex activation and functional connectivity during low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction: an fNIRS study\".","authors":"Nicholas Rolnick, Matthew Clarkson, Luke Hughes, Vasileios Korakakis, Victor De Queiros, Stephen D Patterson, Samuel Buckner, Tim Werner, Dahan Da Cunha Nascimento, Sten Stray-Gundersen, Okan Kamiş, Mathias Thoelen, Kyle Kimbrell, Ewoud Jacobs","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1482816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1482816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1482816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting postoperative pulmonary infection risk in patients with diabetes using machine learning.","authors":"Chunxiu Zhao, Bingbing Xiang, Jie Zhang, Pingliang Yang, Qiaoli Liu, Shun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1501854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1501854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with diabetes face an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary infection (PPI). However, precise predictive models specific to this patient group are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting PPI risk in patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled 1,269 patients with diabetes who underwent elective non-cardiac, non-neurological surgeries at our institution from January 2020 to December 2023. Predictive models were constructed using nine different machine learning algorithms. Feature selection was conducted using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression. Model performance was assessed via the Area Under the Curve (AUC), precision, accuracy, specificity and F1-score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Ada Boost classifier (ADA) model exhibited the best performance with an AUC of 0.901, Accuracy of 0.91, Precision of 0.82, specificity of 0.98, PPV of 0.82, and NPV of 0.82. LASSO feature selection identified six optimal predictive factors: postoperative transfer to the ICU, Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) status, surgical department, and duration of surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study developed a robust predictive model using six clinical features, offering a valuable tool for clinical decision-making and personalized prevention strategies for PPI in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1501854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}