Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Proteograph™-based proteome and sphingolipidome analyses identified novel serum biomarkers to monitor astronauts' health in spaceflight.","authors":"Manuela Moriggi, Daniele Capitanio, Enrica Torretta, Ines Metatla, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Viktor Heinz, Gabor Trautmann, Michele Salanova, Dieter Blottner, Cecilia Gelfi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1773221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1773221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long duration spaceflight leads to significant muscle mass and strength loss, which current inflight countermeasures can only partially mitigate. This study aimed to identify as yet unexplored low-abundance serological biomarkers in astronaut blood samples as meaningful biological signatures for deeper insight into musculoskeletal adaptation as complementary protocol for upgraded health monitoring in future spaceflight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples from eight long-duration mission (180 days and more) astronauts were collected pre-flight (baseline), in-flight (two time points) and post-flight (two time points). Pre- and 3/5 days post-flight samples were analyzed using the Proteograph™ XT kit, enabling the detection of protein-level differences. Mass spectrometry data were acquired in Data-Independent Acquisition mode, analyzed with Perseus using paired Student's t-tests, and then analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to prioritize affected pathways. Targeted serum sphingolipids quantification was carried out across all time points using Multiple-Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. Immunoblotting was performed on serum and muscle extracts from a previous space flight mission, for selected proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,718 detected proteins, 153 showed significant changes in abundance, with 11 displaying marked alterations targeting osteogenesis (spondin, osteomodulin), lipid metabolism (perlipins 1, 3 and 4) and ECM remodelling (collagen alpha-2(XI) chain, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1). Perlipin 4, collagen alpha-2(XI) chain, and collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 were assessed by immunoblotting at all time points (pre/in/post-flight). Functional pathway analysis identified 10 pathways related to muscle function and cytoskeletal organization, and one (reelin, BDNF) associated with brain function. We also found changes in enzyme levels from pre-and post-flight muscle extracts that can be associated to decreased levels of total ceramides in the first in-flight sample (IF1), followed by a rebound in subsequent samples (IF2, POST1) showing increased glucosyl ceramide levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-duration spaceflight induces systemic and muscle-specific changes providing deeper insights into the multifaceted mechanisms of molecular pathways related to neuro-musculoskeletal adaptation to microgravity. Identification of low-abundance serum biomarkers from astronaut blood using high-resolution and precision protocols present as novel complementary tools for broader assessment of musculoskeletal health conditions in crewed future deep space missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1773221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative reconstruction of neuronal mitochondrial network in neurites and somata in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Lu Wang, Linlin Li, Jiazheng Liu, Zichen Wang, Jing Liu, Sheng Chang, Jingbin Yuan, Xi Chen, Qiwei Xie, Lijun Shen, Xianhua Wang, Gang Li, Heping Cheng, Hua Han","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1735677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1735677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitochondrial networks exhibit striking heterogeneity in their morphology and distribution across different neuronal compartments, reflecting the diverse metabolic demands of these structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used automated tape-collecting ultramicrotome scanning electron microscopy (ATUM-SEM) to reconstruct and quantify mitochondrial networks in the somata and neurites of neurons in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC; CA1 stratum radiatum). We developed an automated segmentation pipeline based on an attention-enhanced 3D U-Net to extract all mitochondria from volumetric EM data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our quantitative analyses revealed pronounced regional and subcellular heterogeneity. In the PFC, the mitochondrial volume fraction was higher in neurites (7.2%) than in somata (2.9%; 7.1% when nucleus was excluded). Mean individual mitochondrial volume was 0.11 μm³ for neuritic and 0.33 μm³ for somatic mitochondria in the PFC, with similar results observed in the HPC (0.13 μm³ in neurites, 0.31 μm³ in somata). In both regions, the vast majority of mitochondria (~91%) assumed an oval or rod shape, with few displaying branched or donut-shaped structures (~1%). Notably, elongated linear mitochondria (~8%) were mostly confined to neurites, and approximately 90% of these comprised up to 120 nanotunnels-thin segments (<220 nm) connecting enlarged, oval-shaped structures (>350 nm) in tandem.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data provide a detailed quantitative characterization of mitochondrial network architecture in the adult rat cortex and hippocampus, revealing significant regional and subcellular differences in mitochondrial morphology and distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1735677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Short-term cigarette smoke exposure aggravates oxidative stress and airway inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides.","authors":"Ziyao Liang, Zhihang Liu, Wenchao Pan, Long Fan, Jingyu Quan, Lin Lin, Lei Wu, Xuhua Yu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1836865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1836865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1788828.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1836865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synbiotic supplementation modulates humoral immunity and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens exposed to subclinical doses of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol.","authors":"Joseph Rishitha Dasireddy, Laharika Kappari, Ramesh K Selvaraj, Todd J Applegate, Revathi Shanmugasundaram","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1808482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1808482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synbiotics modulate the cecal microbiota in chickens by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, which have the potential to mitigate the negative effects of mycotoxins such as fumonisins (FUM) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and improve immune responses. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of synbiotic supplementation (0.05%) on the bile IgA, serum IgY, cecal microbiota composition, diversity, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile in broilers exposed to subclinical concentrations of FUM and DON. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were distributed into 4 treatments: Control, Mycotoxin (8.5 FUM + 3.8 DON mg/kg diet), Synbiotic, and Mycotoxin + Synbiotic. Cecal contents were collected on d21 and d35, and bacterial compositions were identified by analyzing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina sequencing. Relative abundance of families and alpha diversity indices were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test, and IgA, IgY, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. On d35, there were no interaction effects between FUM + DON and synbiotic supplementation on bile FUM-specific IgA concentrations and serum FUM and DON-specific IgY concentrations (<i>p</i> > 0.05). There were no significant interactions between FUM + DON and synbiotic supplementation on the cecal SCFA levels on d21 and d35 (<i>p</i> > 0.05). But on d35, there was a trend in the main effect of FUM + DON on the cecal propionate concentration. Propionate concentration was decreased by 36.4% compared to the no mycotoxin treatment groups (<i>p</i> = 0.09). There were no significant differences in the Shannon diversity index between treatment groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). On d35, FUM + DON increased the ratio of relative abundances of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the treatment groups, while synbiotic supplementation further increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the FUM + DON treatment group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotics at 0.05% has supported mucosal immunity and altered cecal microbial composition and fermentation profiles in broilers exposed to subclinical FUM + DON, without affecting overall microbial diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1808482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Integrated approaches to understanding and improving poultry health, immunity, and productivity: unraveling the role of metabolism.","authors":"Felix Kwame Amevor, Victoria Anthony Uyanga, Sandra G Velleman, Colin G Scanes","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1844387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1844387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1844387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of overweight on spatiotemporal gait parameters and lower-limb biomechanics in functional ankle instability.","authors":"Dunbing Huang, Chen Zhang, Jiaqi Wang, Hongfei Ren, Zhenhua Wu, Lihong Li, Xiaohua Ke, Zhonghua Lin, Cai Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1710727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1710727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankle sprains are common in physically active populations and may progress to functional ankle instability, which can impair gait. Excess body mass increases lower-limb loading and may further compromise walking function in this population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether overweight status influences spatiotemporal gait parameters, gait deviation/variability indices, and sagittal-plane hip, knee, and ankle biomechanics during level walking in individuals with functional ankle instability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional comparative analysis, forty-four adults with functional ankle instability were enrolled (22 normal-weight and 22 overweight). Three-dimensional motion analysis was used during self-selected speed walking to quantify spatiotemporal parameters, gait deviation/variability indices, and sagittal-plane hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics. Multiple comparisons across gait outcomes were controlled using a Holm-Bonferroni correction (family-wise error rate 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After Holm-Bonferroni correction, spatiotemporal parameters did not differ significantly between groups. For gait deviation/variability indices, several measures showed nominal (unadjusted) between-group differences, but none remained significant after correction. For discrete sagittal-plane biomechanics, the overweight group demonstrated lower peak hip flexion after correction (P_adj < 0.05), whereas hip flexion at toe-off showed a nominal difference but did not remain significant after correction (P_adj ≥ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After multiplicity control, overweight status was mainly associated with reduced hip flexion-related mechanics rather than consistent spatiotemporal or deviation/variability alterations in adults with functional ankle instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1710727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function recovery and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yinping Ge, Min Zhang, Yun Gan","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1761926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1761926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary function (PF) recovery and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) including pneumonia and atelectasis in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis, providing an evidence-based basis for perioperative respiratory management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched until May 2025, with 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 507 adult patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery retrieved (the study of transcatheter aortic-valve replacement was excluded due to heterogeneous surgical characteristics). The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool (RoB 2.0). A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software to compare the differences in predefined outcome measures: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the pneumonia incidence between the IMT and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis showed that the IMT group had a higher FEV1 than the control group [mean difference (MD)=0.80 L, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-1.52, P = 0.03], with clinically relevant improvements. Similarly, FVC was better in the IMT group (MD = 0.64 L, 95% CI: 0.11-1.17, P = 0.03), also representing a clinically meaningful benefit. However, there was no difference in FEV1/FVC ratio between the two groups (P = 0.15). The IMT group performed better in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (MD = 47.89 m, 95% CI: 1.28-94.51, P = 0.04), indicating improved functional capacity. Regarding PPCs, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia [odds ratio (OR)=0.18, 95% CI: 0.06-0.57, P = 0.004] and atelectasis (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.81, P = 0.01) in the IMT group were lower than those in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IMT can effectively improve PF and reduce the risk of PPCs in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery by enhancing the strength and endurance of inspiratory muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1761926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of unilateral training on rapid force production in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuan Zhuang, Yugang Zhang, Lei Ma, JoonYoung Han","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1805250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1805250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unilateral training has been increasingly applied in athletic conditioning; however, its effects on rate of force development (RFD) remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of unilateral training on RFD in athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across major electronic databases to identify studies examining the effects of unilateral training on RFD. Eligible studies were included based on predefined criteria, and a meta-analysis was performed to quantify the overall effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that unilateral training produced significant improvements in RFD among athletes, although the magnitude of effects varied depending on training protocols and participant characteristics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Unilateral training appears to be an effective strategy for enhancing RFD in athletes. These findings provide practical implications for strength and conditioning programs, while highlighting the need for further research to clarify optimal training parameters.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD420251030088.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1805250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Machine learning-based radiomics approach assessing preoperative non-contrast CT for microsatellite instability prediction in colon cancer.","authors":"Dongming Ren, Yingjuan Wang, Luda Chen, Jianfeng He, Tao Shen","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1844252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1844252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1672636.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1844252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to machine learning-based non-invasive hemoglobin estimation using multi-wavelength PPG signal features.","authors":"Bukao Ni, Chaochao Wang, Yanhong Yang, Xiaojun Ji, Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet, Xiaotian Pan, Jun Sun, Xinjun Miao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1637455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1637455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The determination of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is pivotal in the clinical diagnosis and management of anemia and other blood disorders. Traditionally, Hb measurement requires blood samples, which is invasive and can cause patient discomfort and anxiety. There is a growing demand for non-invasive methods that can reduce patient stress and streamline the monitoring process. This study addresses this need by exploring the use of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals for non-invasive Hb measurement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing raw PPG data from 68 subjects, which include both red and infrared light signals, this research applies feature extraction techniques. Three key features-mean, kurtosis, and skewness-were extracted from each signal type, as applied to the dataset, resulting in a comprehensive dataset of six features per subject. These features, along with demographic data such as gender and age, were used as inputs to a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The neural network was adept at predicting Hb levels, achieving a Mean Relative Error (MRE) of less than 2.46%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The implications of this research are significant, offering a potential shift in how blood hemoglobin levels are measured in clinical settings. By leveraging feature extraction methods and artificial neural networks, this study not only validates the efficacy of PPG as a non-invasive diagnostic tool but also paves the way for future advancements in medical technology. The successful application of machine learning techniques in this context highlights a pathway towards more patient-friendly, efficient, and accessible health monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1637455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}