Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1675598
Alessia Bertozzi, Walter Toscanelli, Giuditta Castellitto, Claudio Grassi, Claudia Colussi
{"title":"SUMOylation balance: a key determinant in synapse physiology.","authors":"Alessia Bertozzi, Walter Toscanelli, Giuditta Castellitto, Claudio Grassi, Claudia Colussi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1675598","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1675598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal communication relies on the precise regulation of synaptic compartments, where protein activity, localization, and turnover are tightly controlled. Among the mechanisms ensuring this regulation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a central role. SUMOylation, the covalent attachment of Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins to target substrates, has emerged as a dynamic key PTM in the nervous system, modulating synaptic structure and function. Target SUMOylation occurs through an enzymatic cascade and requires the presence of a consensus sequence. Reversible addition of SUMO monomers or chains may contribute to distinct functional outcomes changing the conformation of the protein thus favoring/inhibiting molecular interaction among proteins or stabilizing the protein inhibiting degradation or influencing subcellular localization. All these SUMO dependent effects are crucial in the regulation of the tiny and highly specialized synaptic compartments to achieve spatiotemporal control for proper neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in response to environmental stimuli. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, where imbalances in SUMO1 versus SUMO2/3 levels contribute to synaptic dysfunction. As such, comprehension of SUMO related mechanisms may give important insights into both physiological regulation of synapses and potential therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, in this review we will first introduce the enzymatic cascade of SUMOylation and its impact on protein function, then we will focus on its role within the synaptic compartment. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating SUMOylation in Alzheimer's disease as example of neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1675598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1674871
Pei Zhang, Jiangzhou Chen, Taofeng Xing
{"title":"Effects of post-exercise stretching versus no stretching on lower limb muscle recovery and performance: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Pei Zhang, Jiangzhou Chen, Taofeng Xing","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1674871","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1674871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-exercise stretching is widely employed in athletic and rehabilitation settings to promote recovery and performance. However, its physiological benefits remain controversial due to inconsistent findings across randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of post-exercise stretching compared to no stretching on lower limb muscle recovery and performance indicators, including muscle soreness, strength, flexibility, performance, and pain threshold.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in eight databases up to 20 July 2025. Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and crossover trials comparing post-exercise stretching (static, dynamic, or PNF) with no stretching were included. Data were synthesized using random-effects models, and effect sizes were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies (n = 465 participants) were included. Post-exercise stretching showed and statistically non-significant effects on muscle soreness (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI: [-0.32, 0.19], p = 0.63), strength (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI: [-0.14, 0.68], p = 0.19), performance (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI: [-0.11, 0.46], p = 0.22), flexibility (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI: [-0.31, 0.20], p = 0.67), and pain threshold (SMD = -0.02, 95% CI: [-0.41, 0.37], p = 0.93). Sensitivity analysis and Egger's test indicated robust results and no publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-exercise stretching, when used as a standalone recovery intervention, does not significantly improve soreness, strength, performance, flexibility, or pain threshold. While physiologically safe and practical, its effectiveness may be limited, warranting integration with multimodal recovery strategies in future applications.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>Identifier CRD420251113484.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1674871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1675849
Jordan Hernandez-Martinez, Bayron Coñapi-Union, Sebastian Canales-Canales, Joaquin Perez-Carcamo, Javier Sanchez-Sanchez, Mario Sánchez, Izham Cid-Calfucura, Edgar Vasquez-Carrasco, Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela, Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco, Pablo Valdés-Badilla
{"title":"Effects of plyometric jump training on physical performance in female soccer players across the competitive level: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Jordan Hernandez-Martinez, Bayron Coñapi-Union, Sebastian Canales-Canales, Joaquin Perez-Carcamo, Javier Sanchez-Sanchez, Mario Sánchez, Izham Cid-Calfucura, Edgar Vasquez-Carrasco, Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela, Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco, Pablo Valdés-Badilla","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1675849","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1675849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to update the analysis of the available body of peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) articles on the effect of plyometric jump training (PJT) on physical performance in female soccer players according to competitive level. Six databases (PubMed, Medline, Collection of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, CINAHL Complete, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched. The PRISMA, TESTEX, RoB 2, and GRADE instruments were utilized to assess methodological quality and certainty of evidence. Effect sizes (Hedge's g) for physical performance variables were calculated using both fixed and random-effects models. Subgroup analysis were conducted based on competitive level (amateur/professional), program duration, training frequency, and total number of sessions. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42025634705). Fourteen RCTs were included, with 149 participants in 15 experimental groups and 139 in 14 control groups. Several meta-analysis were conducted, revealing significant improvements in countermovement jump (<i>p</i> = 0.07; ES = 0.59), squat jump (<i>p</i> = 0.00; ES = 0.76), drop jump (<i>p</i> = 0.01; ES = 1.65), maximum jump power (<i>p</i> = 0.00, ES = 0.85), Illinois test (<i>p</i> = 0.00, ES = 1.15), 20-m shuttle run test (<i>p</i> = 0.13, ES = 1.12), and ball kicking (<i>p</i> = 0.00; ES = 1.30). Subgroup studies revealed that PJT was more effective in professional soccer players than in amateur players (<i>p</i> = 0.03, ES = 0.54). Interventions with fewer than 16 sessions (<i>p</i> = 0.003, ES = 0.52), more than 6 weeks in duration (<i>p</i> = 0.05, ES = 1.42), and fewer than 2 sessions per week (<i>p</i> = 0.005, ES = 0.50) resulted in a significant improvement in countermovement jump. In conclusion, PJT significantly improved jump height, agility, speed lineal and kicking power tests in female soccer players.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>CRD42025634705.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1675849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1648767
Brandon Nokes, Aaron Schueler, Chantal Darquenne, Cristopher N Schmickl, Brian S Wojeck, Stacie Moore, Pamela Deyoung, Lana McGinnis, Rebecca J Theilmann, Eli Gruenberg, Eduardo Grunvald, Breanna M Holloway, Raichel M Alex, Scott Sands, Peter Colvonen, Robert L Owens, Atul Malhotra
{"title":"The impact of obesity on upper airway anatomy as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and obstructive sleep apnea endotypic traits.","authors":"Brandon Nokes, Aaron Schueler, Chantal Darquenne, Cristopher N Schmickl, Brian S Wojeck, Stacie Moore, Pamela Deyoung, Lana McGinnis, Rebecca J Theilmann, Eli Gruenberg, Eduardo Grunvald, Breanna M Holloway, Raichel M Alex, Scott Sands, Peter Colvonen, Robert L Owens, Atul Malhotra","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1648767","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1648767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) development. Likewise, obesity management is an important component of OSA treatment. We sought to evaluate the OSA endotypes as well as upper airway anatomy, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients referred from a bariatric surgery clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SLIM-OSA trial (NCT04793334; IRB#191948) seeks to elucidate the mechanisms for why weight loss improves OSA in some but not all individuals. Participants underwent baseline research polysomnography. Six months following sleeve gastrectomy for those who underwent surgery, polysomnography was repeated. A subset of these individuals also completed upper airway magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated relationships between upper airway anatomy and endotypic traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 55 individuals undergoing baseline studies, 22 completed upper airway MRI and polysomnography at baseline, with 5 individuals returning for MRI and polysomnography after sleeve gastrectomy. The study population was 86.4% female, with a mean age of 41.7 (11) years and median AHI of 11/h [IQR 2, 33]. Upper airway length was strongly associated with apnea hypopnea index (AHI), hypoxic burden, and ventilatory burden; somewhat surprisingly, tongue fat percentage was not associated with AHI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relationship between obesity and OSA is complex and likely evolves through multiple mechanistic avenues. These findings may help inform future mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the heterogeneous impact of weight loss on OSA outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1648767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex hormone-specific regulation of ferroptosis in vascular cells in atherosclerosis: molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies.","authors":"Keying Yu, Jitong Li, Tenghui Tian, Rui Shi, Yue Deng, Liping Chang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1680625","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1680625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis (AS), the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, exhibits significant sex differences in its incidence and pathological progression, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain fully elucidated. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has recently been identified as a key pathological event contributing to the progression of AS. The basis of physiological sex dimorphism is composed of both circulating sex hormone levels and cell-intrinsic sex differences, which may play a critical role in determining the sex-specific characteristics of AS by modulating the ferroptosis signaling network. This review aims to systematically elaborate and substantiate the \"sex hormone-ferroptosis regulatory axis\" as a pivotal theoretical framework in the context of AS-related sex differences. We integrate existing evidence suggesting that estrogen can synergistically inhibit ferroptosis in vascular cells, particularly endothelial cells and macrophages, through multiple pathways. These include: (1) activating the central antioxidant system driven by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2); (2) regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and function; and (3) directly modulating key iron metabolism proteins, such as upregulating the iron efflux protein Ferroportin-1 (FPN1). These mechanisms collectively contribute to the cardiovascular protective effects observed in premenopausal women. Conversely, available evidence suggests that androgens may promote ferroptosis in vascular cells by enhancing oxidative stress, potentially increasing cellular iron uptake (e.g., through potential upregulation of Transferrin Receptor 1, TFR1), and modulating lipid metabolism to increase the availability of peroxidizable substrates. This could be a significant contributor to the earlier onset and higher incidence of AS in men. Based on this framework, this review further explores potential sex-specific therapeutic strategies targeting this regulatory axis. This review provides a novel molecular perspective for understanding the sex differences in AS and provides a theoretical basis for the development of a new paradigm in sex-stratified precision cardiovascular medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1680625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1653896
Alejandro Alda-Blanco, Fernando González-Mohíno, José María González-Ravé, Jordan Santos-Concejero
{"title":"Biomarkers of muscle damage and oxidative stress and biomechanical responses of two different advanced footwear technology shoes to a 60-min running test in competitive long-distance runners.","authors":"Alejandro Alda-Blanco, Fernando González-Mohíno, José María González-Ravé, Jordan Santos-Concejero","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1653896","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1653896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyse the influence of Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) on biomechanical, muscle damage, metabolic and oxidative stress markers in experienced long-distance runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a counter-balanced randomized experimental design with twelve <i>tier 3</i> male runners, two AFTs were tested: <i>Cloudboom Strike</i> (CS) and <i>Cloudboom Echo</i> 3 (CE). All participants completed, in both conditions, a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine the VT<sub>1</sub>, followed by a prolonged effort test (60-min) at an intensity 10% above VT<sub>1</sub>. Finally a GXT to exhaustion to assess the changes in biomechanical parameters in a fatigued state was performed. 24-h before and after each visit, blood samples were drawn for muscle damage, metabolic and oxidative stress determination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Creatin kinase (CK) increased post-visit in both CS and CE (<i>p =</i> 0.026; ES = 0.69 and <i>p =</i> 0.018; ES = 0.59; respectively). However, no other significant differences pre- and post-visit were found in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cortisol or total antioxidant status (TAS) in either the CS or CE conditions. There were no differences between conditions in any of the biomarkers measured, although participants perceived lower DOMS post-24 h with the CS model (<i>p</i> = 0.016; ES = 0.71). We found no shoe × time interaction in any biomechanical parameter evaluated during the prolonged effort or any variable at any speed stage between footwear conditions in the GXT to exhaustion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our results, both the <i>Cloudboom Strike</i> and the <i>Cloudboom Echo</i> 3 models appear to provide minimal biomarker responses under these conditions after a 60-min treadmill run, regards to reducing muscle damage, oxidative and metabolic stress, soreness, and inflammation. This indicates attenuated biomarker responses when compared to previous studies with traditional footwear.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1653896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolomic profiling reveals novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a comprehensive analysis of peripheral blood and endothelial function.","authors":"Shaoneng Zi, Chengyong Wang, Tong Zhang, Qian Lv, Zhiying Wan, Pengju He, Yong Hang, Yongqing Xu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1641445","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1641445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is juvenile idiopathic femoral head avascular necrosis with unclear pathophysiology. We aimed to identify circulating metabolic biomarkers and clarify the roles of peripheral inflammation and vascular/endothelial dysfunction in LCPD, and to evaluate the protective potential of 3-ketoglucose (3-KG) and sanguinarine (SANG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood from children with LCPD (n=36) and healthy controls (n=6) underwent untargeted LC-MS metabolomics with differential and pathway analyses. Candidate metabolites (3-KG, SANG) were tested in LPS-challenged HUVECs for effects on viability, ROS, IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α, and NF-κB/eNOS/VCAM-1 (RNA-seq, qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence). <i>In vivo</i> validation used a steroid/LPS-induced rat model of femoral head osteonecrosis assessing histology, adipogenesis, serum ALP/TG, and Nos3/Vcam1/Nfkb1 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight metabolites differed significantly between LCPD and controls; 3-KG and SANG were upregulated, whereas several metabolites including N-methyl-D-aspartate were downregulated, mapping to inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways. Both 3-KG and SANG dose-dependently mitigated LPS-induced HUVEC injury by restoring viability, lowering ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and normalizing NF-κB/eNOS/VCAM-1 at mRNA and protein levels, with SANG showing greater potency. In rats, both compounds ameliorated bone loss and adipogenesis, increased ALP, reduced TG, and reversed MPS-induced changes in Nos3, Vcam1 and Nfkb1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This work defines a peripheral \"metabolomic fingerprint\" of LCPD and links systemic metabolic alterations to endothelial inflammation/dysfunction. 3-KG and SANG exhibit endothelial-protective activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, supporting their promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic candidates. Larger, longitudinal cohorts are needed to validate these signatures and clarify stage-specific dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1641445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1636792
Xilin Li, Zhibo Cui, Zhijun Tan, Jiangxuan Li, Chengbo Yang
{"title":"Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition and blood pressure in overweight adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Xilin Li, Zhibo Cui, Zhijun Tan, Jiangxuan Li, Chengbo Yang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1636792","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1636792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Adolescent overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide, posing a growing public health concern. Although both HIIT and MICT have been shown to reduce body fat and improve cardiovascular fitness, few studies have directly compared their effects in adolescents. This study therefore systematically evaluates their impact on body composition and blood pressure to inform appropriate exercise recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive database search was undertaken involving six sources-such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library-employing predetermined search terms to locate randomized controlled trials. The search covered literature published up to February 20, 2025, starting from each database's inception. The methodological rigor of the selected studies was evaluated through a revised evaluation approach based on PRISMA guidelines. Finally, the influence of the two exercise modalities on adiposity reduction and blood pressure in overweight/obese adolescents was analyzed and discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An overall number of 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comprising 473 eligible participants, were incorporated into the analysis. The findings revealed that: (1) HIIT was superior in decreasing body fat percentage [MD = -0.74, 95% CI (-1.44, 0.04), Z = 2.74, P = 0,04]. There was no statistically relevant difference detected between the two groups in body weight, body mass index, fat-free mass, or blood pressure. (2) Subgroup analysis indicated that MICT was more effective in reducing waist circumference when running was used as the mode of exercise intervention [MD = 2.81, 95% CI (0.36, 5.26), Z = 2.25, P = 0.02].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both HIIT and MICT demonstrated comparable effects on most outcomes in overweight/obese adolescents. HIIT showed a modest, borderline significant advantage in reducing body fat percentage, while MICT appeared more effective in reducing waist circumference in the running subgroup. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings and guide exercise recommendations.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier CRD42025639229.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1636792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in PhysiologyPub Date : 2025-10-01eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1638064
Rubén Tresgallo-Parés, David Morales, Shannon Tse, Aziz Saade, Ellen Fitzpatrick, Sean T Campbell, Gillian L Soles, Thomas H Ambrosi, Mark A Lee, Augustine M Saiz
{"title":"Characterization of human skeletal stem cells in closed and open tibia fractures: a single center pilot study.","authors":"Rubén Tresgallo-Parés, David Morales, Shannon Tse, Aziz Saade, Ellen Fitzpatrick, Sean T Campbell, Gillian L Soles, Thomas H Ambrosi, Mark A Lee, Augustine M Saiz","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1638064","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1638064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tibial shaft fractures are the most common long bone fractures and carry a significant risk of nonunion, particularly in open injuries. This increased risk has been attributed to heightened activation of damage-associated molecular pathways, cellular senescence, and alterations in the fracture milieu. However, most supporting evidence arises from animal studies under controlled conditions, and the cellular and biochemical environment of human traumatic fractures remains poorly understood. While mechanical and patient-related factors have been associated with impaired healing, the biological mechanisms are not well defined. Human skeletal stem cells (hSSCs) play a critical role in bone regeneration and may provide insight into differential healing responses. This study aimed to characterize hSSC recruitment and functional capacity in open versus closed tibial fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective pilot study of patients undergoing acute tibial shaft fixation at a Level 1 trauma center was conducted. During intramedullary nailing, reamings were collected for analysis. hSSCs were isolated via flow cytometry. Functional assays included colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and <i>in vitro</i> osteogenic differentiation via Alizarin Red staining. CD146<sup>+</sup> osteostromal cells were quantified, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), IL-6, and HbA1c levels were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made between groups, and outliers were identified using the ROUT method (Q = 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>19 patients with isolated tibial shaft fractures (8 closed, 11 open) treated with intramedullary nailing were included. hSSC frequency was significantly lower in open fractures compared to closed fractures after outlier exclusion (2.75% ± 1.67% vs. 5.64% ± 5.80, p = 0.032), suggesting reduced early recruitment. However, no significant differences were observed in CFU capacity (0.0078 ± 0.0071 vs. 0.0156 ± 0.0117, p = 0.221) or osteogenic differentiation (1.24 ± 0.22 vs. 1.52 ± 0.85, p = 0.419). CD146<sup>+</sup> cell levels and serum markers were similar between groups. ALP levels correlated strongly with CD146<sup>+</sup> cell abundance in closed fractures (<i>ρ</i> = 0.80, p = 0.02) but not with hSSC levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Open tibial fractures demonstrate reduced early hSSC recruitment compared to closed fractures in the acute period of fracture healing, while <i>in vitro</i> stem cell function appears preserved. These findings support a model in which impaired healing in open fractures may result from reduced hSSC recruitment rather than dysfunction. Larger studies with long-term clinical follow-up are warranted to validate these results and explore therapeutic strategies targeting the hSSC niche to enhance fracture healing in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sleep behaviors modify the association between hemoglobin concentration and respiratory infection: a prospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Yongkui Zhu, Qian Chen, Mengying Wang, Huan Qian, Qiying Song, Bofei Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1638819","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1638819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Hb and respiratory infection showed a nonlinear U-shaped association; such a relation is modified by the chronotype sleep behavior.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between Hb and the incidence of hospitalized respiratory infection, and to explore potential modification effects of sleep behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Included were 292,568 individuals without respiratory disease, cancer, or anemia diagnosis in the United Kingdom Biobank . Hb (g/dL) was measured at baseline. The interaction between Hb and sleep behaviors, including sleep duration, insomnia, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness with respiratory infection, was tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was followed up at a median 12.6 years, and 16,669 incident respiratory infections (9,334 in men, 7,335 in women) were identified. There was a nonlinear U-shaped association between Hb and respiratory infection in both men and women, where the risk increased markedly with Hb above 15.0 g/dL for men and 13.5 g/dL for women. In men, compared with the third quintile group, the hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of respiratory infection in the Q1, Q2, Q4, and Q5 quintile groups was 1.28 (1.21-1.37), 1.07 (1.00-1.14), 1.06 (0.99-1.13), and 1.09 (1.02-1.17), respectively. In women, the HR (95% CI) was 1.20 (1.12-1.29), 1.09 (1.01-1.17), 1.01 (0.94-1.09), and 1.05 (0.98-1.13) in the Q1, Q2, Q4, and Q5 quintile groups of Hb, respectively, compared with the third quintile group. There was a significant interaction between Hb concentration and chronotype on the risk of respiratory infection (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.005). The elevated risk of respiratory infection associated with Hb was more pronounced among participants with late chronotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that Hb and respiratory infection have a nonlinear U-shaped association and that such a relation is modified by chronotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}