Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of 17α-methyltestosterone and letrozole on growth and gonadal development in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmodies)","authors":"Dongyun Zhang, Shengjie Li, Taihang Tian, Jinxing Du, Caixia Lei, Tao Zhu, Linqiang Han, Hongmei Song","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1444918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1444918","url":null,"abstract":"In order to optimize the parameters for reversing masculinization and establish the techniques for sex induction of pseudo-males and creation of all-female fry in largemouth bass (<jats:italic>Micropterus salmodies</jats:italic>, LMB), 15-day-old LMB (1.00 ± 0.10 cm in length, 0.10 ± 0.01 g in weight) were fed a diet supplemented with either 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or letrozole (LE) and their combination. The experimental groups were M20 (20 mg/kg MT), L20 (20 mg/kg LE) and M10L10 (10 mg/kg MT and 10 mg/kg LE). The control group, named C, was not feed MT or LE. After 60 days, exogenous hormone in the diets was stopped and the effects of MT and LE on growth, male ratio, and gonadal development in LMB were evaluated. At 12-month-old, blood and gonadal tissue samples were collected to measure sex steroid hormones levels, analyze expression levels of <jats:italic>dmrt1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cyp19a1a</jats:italic> genes, as well as examine the gonads morphology. The results showed no significant differences in growth between the experimental groups and the control group after a 60-day feeding period with the formulated diet (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). The sex reversal ratio of M20, L20, M10L10 were 95.00%, 80.00%, 76.47%, respectively. The gonadal tissue sections showed that the gonadal structure of masculinized fish morphologic resembled that of control male fish. At 12-month-old, the sex reversal ratio in M20, L20, M10L10 and C groups were 100%, 86.67%, 73.33% and 50.00%, respectively. The testicular of pseudo-male fish in the M20 group exhibited well-developed morphology similarities to that of the control group males. However, the testes of pseudo-male fish in the L20 and M10L10 groups were smaller size Estradiol (E<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels in the experimental groups was significantly lower than those in the control group females (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), while testosterone (T) levels were significantly higher than that of the control group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared to the female fish in the control group, pseudo-male fish from all experimental groups showed significantly upregulated expression of <jats:italic>dmrt1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and significantly downregulated expression of <jats:italic>cyp19a1a</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Pseudo-males selected from group M20 exhibited a significantly higher proportion of female offspring (92.00%) compared to the control group (46.50%). In summary, 20 mg/kg MT was the optimal inducing concentration.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of supplemental arginine on the gut microbial homeostasis of broilers during sub-clinical necrotic enteritis challenge","authors":"Shahna Fathima, Walid G. Al Hakeem, Revathi Shanmugasundaram, Jeferson Lourenco, Ramesh K. Selvaraj","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1463420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1463420","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enteric disease of poultry that alters the structure of the gut microbial community causing dysbiosis. This 28 day experiment investigated the effects of 125% and 135% arginine diets on the gut microbial diversity and composition of broilers during a subclinical NE challenge. One hundred and twenty one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with six replicates each- Uninfected + Basal, NE + Basal, NE + Arg 125%, and NE + Arg 135% diet groups. NE was induced by inoculating 1 × 10&lt;jats:sup&gt;4&lt;/jats:sup&gt; &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. maxima&lt;/jats:italic&gt; sporulated oocysts on day 14 and 1 × 10&lt;jats:sup&gt;8&lt;/jats:sup&gt; CFU &lt;jats:italic&gt;C. perfringens&lt;/jats:italic&gt; on days 19, 20, and 21 of age. The NE challenge significantly decreased the number of observed amplicon sequence variants (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03), the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), and the species &lt;jats:italic&gt;Mediterraneibacter cottocaccae&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01) in the ceca of birds on day 21. The NE challenge significantly increased the Bray-Curtis index (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), and the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), family Odoribacteraceae (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), genus &lt;jats:italic&gt;Odoribacter&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), and species &lt;jats:italic&gt;O. splanchnicus&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01) on day 21. During NE, the 125% arginine diet restored the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03), family Odoribacteraceae (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03) and Oscillospiraceae (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03), genus &lt;jats:italic&gt;Odoribacter&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03), and species &lt;jats:italic&gt;O. splanchnicus&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03) and &lt;jats:italic&gt;M. cottocaccae&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01) on day 21. The 135% arginine diet effectively restored the loss in alpha diversity (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01) caused by NE, the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01) and Bacteroidota (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), family Oscillospiraceae (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03) and Odoribacteraceae (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), genus &lt;jats:italic&gt;Odoribacter&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01), and species &lt;jats:italic&gt;O. splanchnicus&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01) and &lt;jats:italic&gt;M. cottocaccae&lt;/jats:italic&gt; (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01) on day 21. On day 28, the treatments had a significant effect on the cecal propionate (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01), butyrate (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.04), and total SCFA (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.04) concentrations. In conc","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a honey-sweetened beverage on muscle soreness and recovery of performance after exercise-induced muscle damage in strength-trained females","authors":"Hadis Hemmati, Walaa Jumah Alkasasbeh, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Mohsen Salesi, Sepideh Pirmohammadi, Babak Imanian, Rasoul Rezaei","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1426872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1426872","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThis study explores a novel approach to mitigating delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), a common issue among strength-trained females. By investigating the potential of a honey-sweetened beverage, which contains anti-inflammatory properties, we aim to enhance muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD).MethodA randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded study was conducted with sixteen female strength athletes. Firstly, the baseline measurements were recorded, and participants were randomly divided into two conditions: honey-sweetened beverage (HSB; 70 g of honey in 250 mL water with a concentration of 28%) and placebo (PLA; 250 mL of water with 70 g of artificial sweetener). The HSB and PLA were consumed 90 min before the EIMD started (200 vertical jumps with 10% body-weighted vests). Recovery monitoring of performance indicators and DOMS was performed after EIMD. The results of wall-sit, V-Sit and reach flexibility test (VSFT), vertical jump height (VJH), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and one repetition maximum (IRM) tests were recorded 48 h after EIMD. Also, DOMS was recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS) before the start of the test and immediately, 12, 24, and 48 h after EIMD. A one-week interval was considered a washout period for each condition. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni <jats:italic>post hoc</jats:italic> test and dependent t-test at <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.05 level.ResultsCompared to PLA, HSB ingestion improves wall-sit performance (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003), 1RM (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.019), and RPE (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003) after EIMD. However, no significant differences were observed between BL, PLA, and HSB in VJH (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.384), VSFT (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.840), and PPT (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.151) after EIMD. Furthermore, HSB, compared to PLA, considerably decreased the values of DOMS immediately, 12, 24, and 48 h after EIMD (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).ConclusionOur findings illustrated that ingesting HSB in strength-trained females can be a helpful strategy for improving recovery indicators such as muscle strength, endurance, and muscle soreness after EIMD.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA expression in turkey skeletal muscle satellite cells is significantly altered by thermal challenge","authors":"Ashley A. Powell, Sandra G. Velleman, Gale M. Strasburg, Juan E. Abrahante Lloréns, Kent M. Reed","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1476487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1476487","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionUnderstanding the genetic mechanisms behind muscle growth and development is crucial for improving the efficiency of animal protein production. Recent poultry studies have identified genes related to muscle development and explored how environmental stressors, such as temperature extremes, affect protein production and meat quality. Non-coding RNAs, including circular RNAs (circRNAs), play crucial roles in modulating gene expression and regulating the translation of mRNAs into proteins. This study examined circRNA expression in turkey skeletal muscle stem cells under thermal stress. The objectives were to identify and quantify circRNAs, assess circRNA abundance following RNAse R depletion, identify differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), and predict potential microRNA (miRNA) targets for DECs and their associated genes.Materials and methodsCultured cells from two genetic lines (Nicholas commercial turkey and The Ohio State Random Bred Control 2) under three thermal treatments: cold (33°C), control (38°C), and hot (43°C) were compared at both the proliferation and differentiation stages. CircRNA prediction and differential expression and splicing analyses were conducted using the CIRIquant pipeline for both the untreated and RNase R depletion treated libraries. Predicted interactions between DECs and miRNAs, as well as the potential impact of circRNA secondary structure on these interactions, were investigated.ResultsA total of 11,125 circRNAs were predicted within the treatment groups, between both untreated and RNase R treated libraries. Differential expression analyses indicated that circRNA expression was significantly altered by thermal treatments and the genetic background of the stem cells. A total of 140 DECs were identified across the treatment comparisons. In general, more DECs within temperature treatment comparisons were identified in the proliferation stage and more DECs within genetic line comparisons were identified in the differentiation stage.DiscussionThis study highlights the significant impact of environmental stressors on non-coding RNAs and their role in gene regulation. Elucidating the role of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation can help further our understanding of muscle development and poultry production, underscoring the broader implications of this research for enhancing animal protein production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overexpression of R-spondin 3 affects hair morphogenesis and hair development along with the formation and maturation of the hair follicle stem cells.","authors":"Alicja Olczak, Tomasz D Pieczonka, Szymon Ławicki, Konrad Łukaszyk, Anna Pulawska-Czub, Linda Cambier, Krzysztof Kobielak","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1424077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1424077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mice hair follicles (HFs) are a valuable model for studying various aspects of hair biology, including morphogenesis, development, and regeneration due to their easily observable phenotype and genetic manipulability. The initiation and progression of hair follicle morphogenesis, as well as the hair follicle cycle, are regulated by various signaling pathways, of which the main role is played by the Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) and the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP). During the hair follicle cycle, the BMP pathway maintains hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in a dormant state while the Wnt pathway activates them for hair growth. Given the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway in hair biology and HFSCs regulation, we investigated the influence of the Wnt modulator - R-spondin 3 (Rspo3), in these processes. For this purpose, we developed a transgenic mice model with the overexpression of <i>Rspo3</i> (Rspo3GOF) in the whole ectoderm and its derivatives, starting from early morphogenesis. Rspo3GOF mice exhibited a distinct phenotype with sparse hair and visible bald areas, caused by reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of hair matrix progenitor cells, which resulted in a premature anagen-to-catagen transition with a shortened growth phase and decreased overall length of all hair types. In addition, Rspo3GOF promoted induction of auchene and awl, canonical Wnt-dependent hair type during morphogenesis, but the overall hair amount remained reduced. We also discovered a delay in the pre-bulge formation during morphogenesis and prolonged immaturity of the HFSC population in the bulge region postnatally, which further impaired proper hair regeneration throughout the mice's lifespan. Our data supported that <i>Rspo3</i> function observed in our model works in HFSCs' formation of pre-bulge during morphogenesis via enhancing activation of the canonical Wnt pathway, whereas in contrast, in the postnatal immature bulge, activation of canonical Wnt signaling was attenuated. <i>In vitro</i> studies on keratinocytes revealed changes in proliferation, migration, and colony formation, highlighting the inhibitory effect of constitutive overexpression of <i>Rspo3</i> on these cellular processes. Our research provides novel insights into the role of <i>Rspo3</i> in the regulation of hair morphogenesis and development, along with the formation and maturation of the HFSCs, which affect hair regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle-fiber specific genetic manipulation of <i>Drosophila</i> sallimus severely impacts neuromuscular development, morphology, and physiology.","authors":"Andrew H Michael, Tadros A Hana, Veronika G Mousa, Kiel G Ormerod","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1429317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1429317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of skeletal muscles to contract is derived from the unique genes and proteins expressed within muscles, most notably myofilaments and elastic proteins. Here we investigated the role of the sallimus (<i>sls</i>) gene, which encodes a structural homologue of titin, in regulating development, structure, and function of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Knockdown of <i>sls</i> using RNA interference (RNAi) in all body-wall muscle fibers resulted in embryonic lethality. A screen for muscle-specific drivers revealed a Gal4 line that expresses in a single larval body wall muscle in each abdominal hemisegment. Disrupting <i>sls</i> expression in single muscle fibers did not impact egg or larval viability nor gross larval morphology but did significantly alter the morphology of individual muscle fibers. Ultrastructural analysis of individual muscles revealed significant changes in organization. Surprisingly, muscle-cell specific disruption of <i>sls</i> also severely impacted neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation. The extent of motor-neuron (MN) innervation along disrupted muscles was significantly reduced along with the number of glutamatergic boutons, in MN-Is and MN-Ib. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a 40% reduction in excitatory junctional potentials correlating with the extent of motor neuron loss. Analysis of active zone (AZ) composition revealed changes in presynaptic scaffolding protein (brp) abundance, but no changes in postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Ultrastructural changes in muscle and NMJ development at these single muscle fibers were sufficient to lead to observable changes in neuromuscular transduction and ultimately, locomotory behavior. Collectively, the data demonstrate that sls mediates critical aspects of muscle and NMJ development and function, illuminating greater roles for sls/titin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutics for sickle cell disease intravascular hemolysis","authors":"Jianyao Xue, Xiang-An Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1474569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1474569","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder predominantly affecting individuals of African descent, with a significant global health burden. SCD is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, driven by the polymerization of mutated hemoglobin within red blood cells (RBCs), leading to vascular inflammation, organ damage, and heme toxicity. Clinical manifestations include acute pain crises, hemolytic anemia, and multi-organ dysfunction, imposing substantial morbidity and mortality challenges. Current therapeutic strategies mitigate these complications by increasing the concentration of RBCs with normal hemoglobin via transfusion, inducing fetal hemoglobin, restoring nitric oxide signaling, inhibiting platelet-endothelium interaction, and stabilizing hemoglobin in its oxygenated state. While hydroxyurea and gene therapies show promise, each faces distinct challenges. Hydroxyurea’s efficacy varies among patients, and gene therapies, though effective, are limited by issues of accessibility and affordability. An emerging frontier in SCD management involves harnessing endogenous clearance mechanisms for hemolysis products. A recent work by Heggland et al. showed that CD-36-like proteins mediate heme absorption in hematophagous ectoparasite, a type of parasite that feeds on the blood of its host. This discovery underscores the need for further investigation into scavenger receptors (e.g., CD36, SR-BI, SR-BII) for their possible role in heme uptake and detoxification in mammalian species. In this review, we discussed current SCD therapeutics and the specific stages of pathophysiology they target. We identified the limitations of existing treatments and explored potential future developments for novel SCD therapies. Novel therapeutic targets, including heme scavenging pathways, hold the potential for improving outcomes and reducing the global burden of SCD.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic potential of exercise for improving mobility in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Giuseppe Locatelli, Martin Stangel, Daniel Rooks, Julian Boesch, Eliane Pierrel, Serge Summermatter","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1477431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1477431","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) with subsequent axonal and neuronal degeneration. These changes are associated with a broad range of symptoms including skeletal muscle dysfunction. Importantly, musculoskeletal impairments manifest in various ways, compromise the quality of life and often precede the later development of mobility disability. As current standard disease modifying therapies for MS predominantly act on neuroinflammation, practitioners and patients face an unmet medical need for adjunct therapies specifically targeting skeletal muscle function. This review is intended to detail the nature of the skeletal muscle dysfunctions common in people with MS (pwMS), describe underlying intramuscular alterations and outline evidence-based therapeutic approaches. Particularly, we discuss the emerging role of aerobic and resistance exercise for reducing the perception of fatigue and increasing muscle strength in pwMS. By integrating the most recent literature, we conclude that both exercise interventions should ideally be implemented as early as possible as they can address MS-specific muscle impairments. Aerobic exercise is particularly beneficial for pwMS suffering from fatigue and metabolic impairments, while resistance training efficiently counters muscle weakness and improves the perception of fatigue. Thus, these lifestyle interventions or possible pharmacological mimetics have the potential for improving the general well-being and delaying the functional declines that are relevant to mobility.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of training methods for physical demands in adolescent tennis players: a systematic review","authors":"Yuxin Guo, Jia Xie, Gengxin Dong, Dapeng Bao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1449149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1449149","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAdolescent tennis players encounter critical physical demands, but the lack of comprehensive analysis of training types hampers the selection of optimal training programs. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to analyze the effectiveness and limitations of various training types on the physical demands of adolescent tennis players, summarizing the optimal training methods to enhance these physical qualities.MethodsFrom March 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted across four electronic databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and Web of Science. Additionally, Google Scholar and other sources of gray literature were referenced. Original research articles with an experimental design were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and the overall scientific evidence was determined through the best evidence synthesis (BES).ResultsEighteen articles on exercise training met all inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. These studies maintained a high standard of quality, making their findings relatively credible. Among them, five studies investigated plyometric training, five focused on neuromuscular training, three explored functional training, two examined traditional strength training, and three assessed High-Intensity Interval Training.ConclusionTo enhance speed, strength, power, agility, and dynamic balance, it is recommended to prioritize plyometric training, neuromuscular training, and functional training over traditional tennis training. Functional training is particularly effective for improving flexibility and balance, while plyometric training is more suited for increasing power and speed. Neuromuscular training, when performed before routine workouts, is beneficial for enhancing speed, flexibility, and strength. Hard surface training is ideal for boosting power, whereas sand training excels in improving strength, speed, and balance. Combining HIIT with strength training is especially advantageous for enhancing short-distance sprinting, repeated sprint ability, and power. By appropriately combining and utilizing these training methods, the physical capabilities and sports performance of adolescent tennis players can be comprehensively optimized.Systematic Review Registration<jats:ext-link>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/</jats:ext-link>, identifier CRD42024578147.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VO2MAX, 6-minute walk, and muscle strength each correlate with frailty in US veterans","authors":"Kenneth Ladd Seldeen, Ayesha Saqebur Rahman, Yonas Redae, Nikhil Satchidanand, M. Jeffery Mador, Changxing Ma, Mihir Soparkar, Alexis Rose Lima, Ifeoma N. Ezeilo, Bruce Robert Troen","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1393221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1393221","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionFrailty often manifests as an increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, and detecting frailty is useful for informed healthcare decisions. Veterans are at higher risk for developing frailty and at younger ages. The goal of this study was to investigate approaches in Veterans that can better inform the physiologic underpinnings of frailty, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 6-min walk, muscle strength, and inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsParticipants (N = 42) were recruited from the Buffalo VA Medical Center. Inclusion criteria: ages 60–85, male or female, any race, and not having significant comorbidities or cognitive impairment. Outcome measures included: the Fried frailty phenotype, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), quality of life (QOL) using the Q-LES-Q-SF, and the following physiologic assessments: VO2max assessment on an upright stationary bicycle, 6-min walk, and arm and leg strength. Additionally, inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, and TNF-α) were measured using ELLA single and multiplex ELISA.ResultsParticipants: 70.3 ± 7.4 years of age: 34 males and 8 females, BMI = 30.7 ± 5.4 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, 26 white and 16 African American. A total of 18 (42.8%) were non-frail, 20 (47.6%) were pre-frail, and 4 (9.5%) were frail. VO2max negatively correlated with Fried frailty scores (r = −0.40, p = 0.03, N = 30), and positively correlated with SPPB scores (r = 0.50, p = 0.005), and QOL (r = 0.40, p = 0.03). The 6-min walk test also significantly correlated with VO2max (r = 0.57, p = 0.001, N = 42) and SPPB (r = 0.55, p = 0.0006), but did not quite reach a significant association with frailty (r = −0.28, p = 0.07). Arm strength negatively correlated with frailty (r = −0.47, p = 0.02, N = 26), but not other parameters. Inflammatory profiles did not differ between non-frail and pre-frail/frail participants.ConclusionObjectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with important functional outcomes including physical performance, QOL, and frailty in this group of older Veterans. Furthermore, the 6-min walk test correlated with VO2max and SPPB, but more validation is necessary to confirm sensitivity for frailty. Arm strength may also be an important indicator of frailty, however the relationship to other indicators of physical performance is unclear.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}