Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular changes.","authors":"Tania Pereira, Kais Gadhoumi, Ran Xiao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1538859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1538859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1538859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes-part I: mean effects on various performance measures.","authors":"Hans-Peter Wiesinger, Thomas Leonard Stöggl, Nils Haller, Julia Blumkaitis, Tilmann Strepp, Francesca Kilzer, Anna Schmuttermair, Will G Hopkins","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1486526","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1486526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Meta-analysts have found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance, but limited evidence exists regarding its effects on highly trained athletes, measures beyond maximum oxygen uptake ( <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </mrow> </math> O_2max), and the moderating effects of different types of HIIT. In this study, we present meta-analyses of the effects of HIIT focusing on these deficits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of 6 types of HIIT and other moderators were derived from 34 studies involving highly trained endurance and elite athletes in percent units via log-transformation from separate meta-regression mixed models for sprint, time-trial, aerobic/anaerobic threshold, peak speed/power, repeated-sprint ability, <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </mrow> </math> O_2max, and exercise economy. The level of evidence for effect magnitudes was evaluated based on the effect uncertainty and the smallest important change of 1%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with control training, HIIT showed good to excellent evidence for the substantial enhancement of most measures for some athlete subgroups in practically important study settings defined by effect moderators (maximum of 12.6%, for endurance female athletes after 6 weeks of aerobic traditional long intervals). The assessment of the moderators indicated good evidence of greater effects as follows: with more aerobic types of HIIT for <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </mrow> </math> O_2max (+2.6%); with HIIT added to conventional training for most measures (+1.1-2.3%); during the competition phase for <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </mrow> </math> O_2max (+4.3%); and with tests of longer duration for sprint (+5.5%) and time trial (+4.9%). The effects of sex and type of athlete were unclear moderators. The heterogeneity of HIIT effects within a given type of setting varied from small to moderate (standard deviations of 1.1%-2.3%) and reduced the evidence of benefit in some settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although athletes in some settings can be confident of the beneficial effects of HIIT on some measures related to competition performance, further research is needed. There is uncertainty regarding the mean effects on exercise economy and the modifying effects of sex, duration of intervention, phase of training, and type of HIIT for most measures.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1486526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise improves body composition, physical fitness, and blood levels of C-peptide and IGF-1 in 11- to 12-year-old boys with obesity.","authors":"Min-Seong Ha, Hyo Youl Moon, Minchul Lee, Jang Soo Yook","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1451427","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1451427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exercise is vital in preventing and treating obesity. Despite its importance, the understanding of how exercise influences childhood obesity at the biochemical level is limited. In this study, we explore the effects of a 16-week exercise program (EP) on body composition, physical fitness, and the blood levels of hormones related to obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen boys with obesity (n = 16) and seventeen boys without obesity (n = 17) took part in an EP comprising sports games and aerobic and resistance exercises. We examined alterations in body composition and physical fitness. In addition, we measured circulating hormone levels, including C-peptide, resistin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone (GH), in the blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body fat percentage (BFP) decreased from 37.61% at pre-EP to 29.16% at post-EP in the obese group, but not in the non-obese group. The EP decreased C-peptide (4.58 ng/mL vs. 2.96 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and resistin levels (14.05 ng/mL vs. 11.06 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in the obese group. After the EP, significant improvement in IGF-1 (non-obese: 265.56 ng/mL vs. 311.81 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001; obese: 224.74 ng/mL vs. 272.89 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and GH levels (non-obese: 3.91 ng/mL vs. 4.80 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.05; obese: 1.76 ng/mL vs. 2.51 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed in both groups. Lower C-peptide levels were associated with BFP (<i>r</i> = 0.447, <i>p</i> = 0.009) and muscle mass (<i>r</i> = -0.385, <i>p</i> = 0.02), whereas enhanced IGF-1 levels correlated with increased muscle strength (<i>r</i> = 0.343, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and cardiovascular fitness (<i>r</i> = 0.347, <i>p</i> = 0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that cardiovascular fitness variability and BFP in the obese group were determined by C-peptide (β = -0.054, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and IGF-1 levels (β = -2.936, <i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Exercise may induce positive effects on improvements in body composition and physical fitness, as well as on blood levels of metabolic biochemicals such as C-peptide and IGF-1, in adolescent boys with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1451427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue and recovery-related changes in postural and core stability in sedentary employees: a study protocol.","authors":"Banafsheh Amiri, Erika Zemková","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1490041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1490041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged sitting leads to a slumped posture, which indirectly influences spinal curvature and increases low back and hamstring stiffness. Active rather than passive recovery is an effective way to reduce the risks associated with such prolonged inactivity. However, it remains to be investigated which of the exercises frequently used for this purpose, the trunk stability and foam rolling exercise, is more beneficial. This protocol study will compare the effects of foam rolling exercises on the recovery of impaired core and postural stability induced by core muscle fatigue and hamstring muscle stiffness with those of trunk stabilization exercises in sedentary adults. Twenty sedentary adults ranging in age from 25 to 44 years old, comprising 50% men and 50% women, will participate in a modified Abt's trunk muscle fatigue protocol, then proceed with (1) active recovery in the form of trunk stabilization exercises, (2) active recovery in the form of foam rolling exercises, and (3) passive recovery, entails lying on a bed, respectively. Pre-fatigue, post-fatigue, and after all three recovery modalities, core and postural stability, and back and hamstring muscle flexibility will be evaluated using an inertial sensor system, and a posturography system. Muscle-fatigue conditions will be determined using electromyogram signals. Although the effects of foam rolling and trunk stabilization exercises can be attributed to different physiological mechanisms, the former releasing myofascial to improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension, the latter strengthening core muscles to stabilize posture, we hypothesize that both are equivalently effective in reducing the consequences of prolonged sitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1490041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on heart rate recovery index to predict maximum oxygen uptake in healthy adults aged 30 to 60 years old.","authors":"Guoqing Miao, Qi Yan, Houyuan Zhu, Fantai Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1437962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1437962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the feasibility of post-exercise heart rate recovery indicators for predicting maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in healthy adults aged 30-60 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>260 healthy adults who did not perform regular exercise were randomly recruited and divided into a model group (n = 200) and a verification group (n = 60). Measure body fat percentage, weight, height and other indicators, and complete a cardiopulmonary exercise test as required to measure VO2max and heart rate recovery (HRR1, HRR2) in the first and second minutes after exercise. Equations are established through stepwise regression method, and the selected optimal equation is tested for back substitution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal equation is: <math><mrow><mtext>Absolute VO</mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>max</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>0.528</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.039</mn> <mo>*</mo> <mtext>weight</mtext> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3.463</mn> <mo>*</mo> <mtext>body fat rate</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.042</mn> <mo>*</mo> <mtext>HRR</mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>0.180</mn> <mo>*</mo> <mtext>gender </mtext> <mrow> <mfenced><mrow><mtext>male</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>female</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn></mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </mrow> </math> . Analysis of variance, goodness-of-fit test, VIF test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Durbin-Watson test indicate that the equation is more reliable; Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, paired t test, and Bland-Altman consistency test indicate that the equation is more valid good.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The regression equation established through heart rate recovery after exercise can be used to predict VO2max in healthy adults aged 30-60 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1437962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the dorsomedial hypothalamus in the cardiogenic sympathetic reflex in the Sprague Dawley rat.","authors":"Matthew R Zahner, Kynlee J Hillard, Michelle C Chandley","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1479892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1479892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial ischemia causes the production and release of metabolites such as bradykinin, which stimulates cardiac spinal sensory afferents, causing chest pain and an increase in sympathetic activity referred to as the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex. While the brain stem nuclei, such as the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla, are essential in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex, the role of other supramedullary nuclei in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex are not clear. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) is involved in cardiovascular sympathetic regulation and plays an important role in the sympathetic response to stressful stimuli. In this study, we determined the role of DMH in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex. To do this we measured arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to epicardial bradykinin (10 μg/mL) in anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats before and after bilateral DMH microinjection (50 nL) of either the GABAA agonist muscimol (0.5 nmol) to inhibit or the antagonist bicuculline (40 pmol) to disinhibit activity. Muscimol inhibition elicited a modest, albeit significant, reduction in basal arterial pressure and heart rate and attenuated the arterial pressure and heart rate reflex response to epicardial bradykinin. However, it did not change the magnitude of the reflex. Bicuculline disinhibition of the DMH increased basal arterial pressure, heart rate, and RSNA but did not augment the response to epicardial bradykinin. These results suggest that sympathetic activity derived from the DMH does not play an important role in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex in Sprague Dawley rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1479892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of arteriovenous fistula sounds using a convolutional block attention module and long short-term memory neural network.","authors":"Jun Zhang, Rongxi Zhang, Xinming Shu, Hongtao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1397317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1397317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of vascular accessibility in patients undergoing hemodialysis is predominantly reliant on manual inspection, a method that is associated with several limitations. In this study, we propose an alternative approach by recording the acoustic signals produced by the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and employing deep learning techniques to analyze these sounds as an objective complement to traditional AVF evaluation methods. Auscultation sounds were collected from 800 patients, with each recording lasting between 24 and 30 s. Features were extracted by combining Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients with Mel-Spectrogram data, generating a novel set of feature parameters. These parameters were subsequently used as input to a model that integrates the Convolutional Block Attention Module and a Long Short-Term Memory neural network, designed to classify the severity of AVF stenosis based on two sound categories (normal and abnormal). The experimental results demonstrate that the CBAM-LSTM model achieves an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of 99%, Precision of 99%, Recall of 97%, and F1 Score of 98%. Comparative analysis with other models, including VGG, Bi-LSTM, DenseNet121, and ResNet50, indicates that the proposed CBAM-LSTM model outperforms these alternatives in classifying AVF stenosis severity. These findings suggest the potential of the CBAM-LSTM model as a reliable tool for monitoring AVF maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1397317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise on bone mass and bone metabolism in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wenhua Zhang, Xiaoqiang Wang, Yurong Liu, Qiang He, Qixin Ding, Jingqi Mei, Xun Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1512822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1512822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention on bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone metabolism in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for RCTs on \"exercise, adolescents, BMD, bone metabolism\" up to 10 September 2024. Included RCTs focused on effects of exercise on BMC, BMD, and bone metabolism in 10-19 years old, with physical activity as exercise group and daily living/primal exercise as control group. Outcome metrics included lumbar spine, femoral neck, whole body BMC and BMD, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), and type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide (CTX). Exclusion criteria included duplicates, non-RCTs, non-adolescent studies, and non-compliance with indicators. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, and quality assessed by Cochrane's tool. Effect sizes were estimated using standardized mean differences (<i>SMDs</i>) and 95% confidence intervals (<i>CIs</i>), and heterogeneity was assessed using the <i>I</i> ^<i>2</i> statistic to determine fixed or random effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen articles with a total of 723 subjects were included. The meta-analysis showed that, compared to the control group, (i) exercise was effective in increasing adolescents' overall BMC (<i>SMD</i> = 0.16, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.06-0.27, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and BMD (<i>SMD</i> = 0.26, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.13-0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). (ii) Subgroup analyses showed that exercise significantly increased adolescents' lumbar spine BMC (<i>SMD</i> = 0.17, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.01-0.34, <i>p</i> = 0.04), femoral neck BMC (<i>SMD</i> = 0.23, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.05-0.42, <i>p</i> = 0.01), lumbar spine BMD (<i>SMD</i> = 0.34, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.12-0.56, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and femoral neck BMD (<i>SMD</i> = 0.31, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.09-0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.007), whereas there was no statistically significant effect on whole body BMC and BMD (<i>p</i> > 0.05). (iii) Exercise increased BALP, and decreased PINP, OC and CTX in adolescents. but none of the differences between the exercise groups and the control group were significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise is effective in improving overall BMC and BMD in adolescents and elevating BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions are yet to be validated by more high-quality empirical studies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier CRD42024593399.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1512822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated assessment of endometrial receptivity for screening recurrent pregnancy loss risk using deep learning-enhanced ultrasound and clinical data.","authors":"Shanling Yan, Fei Xiong, Yanfen Xin, Zhuyu Zhou, Wanqing Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1404418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1404418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) poses significant challenges in clinical management due to an unclear etiology in over half the cases. Traditional screening methods, including ultrasonographic evaluation of endometrial receptivity (ER), have been debated for their efficacy in identifying high-risk individuals. Despite the potential of artificial intelligence, notably deep learning (DL), to enhance medical imaging analysis, its application in ER assessment for RPL risk stratification remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to leverage DL techniques in the analysis of routine clinical and ultrasound examination data to refine ER assessment within RPL management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a retrospective, controlled design, this study included 346 individuals with unexplained RPL and 369 controls to assess ER. Participants were allocated into training (n = 485) and testing (n = 230) datasets for model construction and performance evaluation, respectively. DL techniques were applied to analyze conventional grayscale ultrasound images and clinical data, utilizing a pre-trained ResNet-50 model for imaging analysis and TabNet for tabular data interpretation. The model outputs were calibrated to generate probabilistic scores, representing the risk of RPL. Both comparative analyses and ablation studies were performed using ResNet-50, TabNet, and a combined fusion model. These were evaluated against other state-of-the-art DL and machine learning (ML) models, with the results validated against the testing dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparative analysis demonstrated that the ResNet-50 model outperformed other DL architectures, achieving the highest accuracy and the lowest Brier score. Similarly, the TabNet model exceeded the performance of traditional ML models. Ablation studies demonstrated that the fusion model, which integrates both data modalities and is presented through a nomogram, provided the most accurate predictions, with an area under the curve of 0.853. The radiological DL model made a more significant contribution to the overall performance of the fusion model, underscoring its superior predictive capability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This investigation demonstrates the superiority of a DL-enhanced fusion model that integrates routine ultrasound and clinical data for accurate stratification of RPL risk, offering significant advancements over traditional methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1404418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen is toxic in the cold in <i>C. elegans</i>.","authors":"Cameron M Suraci, Michael L Morrison, Mark B Roth","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1471249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1471249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Temperature and oxygen are two factors that profoundly affect survival limits of animals; too much or too little of either is lethal. However, humans and other animals can exhibit exceptional survival when oxygen and temperature are simultaneously low. This research investigates the role of oxygen in the cold shock death of Caenorhabditis elegans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The survival of <i>C. elegans</i> populations in combinations of oxygen concentrations and was assayed. Additionally, the effect of cold acclimatization, mutations in the cold acclimatization pathway, compounds, and antioxidant proteins on survival in low temperatures and high oxygen were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate that <i>C. elegans</i> have increased survival in 2°C when deprived of oxygen, and an increase to just 0.25 kPa of oxygen decreased survival. Additionally, we show that oxygen toxicity produced by a 35-fold increase above atmospheric oxygen levels was fatal for nematodes in 8 h at room temperature and 2 h at 2°C. We found that cold acclimatization and mutations in the cold acclimatization pathway improve survival in room temperature oxygen toxicity. Furthermore, we found that the compounds glucose, manganese (II), and ascorbate improve both cold shock and high oxygen survival, while the antioxidant proteins catalase and peroxiredoxin are essential to wild type survival in these conditions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that oxygen toxicity contributes to the death of <i>C. elegans</i> during cold shock. The changes in survival induced by cold acclimatization and mutations in the cold acclimatization pathway suggest that oxygen toxicity in the cold exerts evolutionary pressure, leading to the development of protections against it. Additionally, the resistance provided by diverse compounds and antioxidant proteins in both low temperature and high oxygen suggests these conditions have similar chemical environments. We discuss evidence that similar phenomena may function in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1471249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}