Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Krüppel-like factors in mitochondrial quality control.","authors":"M Y Zhang, H Zhang, Y M Yao, D W Yang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1554877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1554877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of transcription factors characterized by conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus, which are critically involved in basic cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, and play important roles in many pathophysiological responses. Mitochondrial homeostasis relies on a coordinated mitochondrial quality control system, which maintains the number and morphological stability and coordinates mitochondrial physiological functions through renewal and self-clearance. In this paper, we review the current advances of KLFs in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms in mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We also introduce the specific pharmacological modulation of KLFs, expecting to transforming basic research achievements and providing the possibility of targeted therapy for KLFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1554877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two forms of school-based high-intensity interval training on body fat, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents: randomized control trial with eight-week follow-up-the PEER-HEART study.","authors":"Jarosław Domaradzki, Marek Popowczak, Katarzyna Kochan-Jacheć, Paweł Szkudlarek, Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz, Dawid Koźlenia","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1530195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1530195","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examined the effects of 8-week interventions based on two variants of typical exercises, namely, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-intensity plyometric training (HIPT), on body fat (BF%), blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). In addition, the sustainability of the effects after another 8 weeks was assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The project was designed as a randomized controlled trial with eight groups of participants (two variants, two sexes, and two groups (experimental and control)) and was conducted in a school physical education (PE) program. The outcomes analyzed were the BF%, systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and CRF expressed in terms of maximum oxygen uptake (VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt;). A total of 307 healthy adolescents participated in this study and were randomly assigned into the two groups. During the 8 weeks, the participants completed two exercise sessions each week with progressively increasing volumes. For the first 2 weeks, the sessions involved four rounds of 20 s of intense effort followed by 10 s of rest; this increased to six rounds during weeks 3-4 and eight rounds during weeks 5-8. The HIPT program was based on plyometric exercises, whereas the HIIT was based on bodyweight resistance exercises.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Multidimensional analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a statistically significant second-order interaction (time × variant × group: Ʌ = 0.943, &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 2.20, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.027, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.057, d = 0.25), confirming the changes in the BF%, SBP, DBP, and VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; dependent on the type of intervention and group assignment. The ANOVA results revealed significant main and interaction effects for BF%, SBP, and DBP, with time and the HIIT variant as the main contributors (BF%: &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 3.911, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.023, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.001, d = 0.04 vs. &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 9.900, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.001, d = 0.03; SBP: &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 31.801, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.012, d = 0.16 vs. &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 8.939, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003, η &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.026, d = 0.16; DBP: &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 3.470, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.002, d = 0.06 vs. &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 4.982, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.026, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.014, d = 0.12). The second-order interaction for VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; (time × sex × group: &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 6.960, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001, η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;pG&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.003, d = 0.05) indicated that the improvements over time were not related to the training variant. Although these effects were small (low eta values), post hoc tests (all comparisons in post-intervention, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) showed that both the HIIT and HIPT groups exhibited beneficial changes compared to controls; however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, the observed improvements were ma","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1530195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A whole system approach to promoting health and human performance in military settings as <i>vital</i> prerequisites for force readiness and operational capability.","authors":"Joanne L Fallowfield, Jace R Drain, Julia Carins, Helen Kilding, Emma Williams, Ben Fisher, Debra Hayhurst, Alysia Gourlay, Simon Olivotto, Garrett Bullock","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1541256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1541256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The military role and associated occupation-specific training contribute to a high musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) incidence and poor health burden. A fit Force is better prepared for achieving mission success, as well as being more resilient to operational physical and cognitive demands. Conversely, MSKI and ill-health reduce Force readiness. Internationally, militaries have common workforce capacity and capability challenges, where more is being asked of fewer personnel. Unhealthy body composition, low aerobic fitness, poor movement control and poor health behaviours interact to adversely impact human performance. The military workplace-including leadership prioritisation and resource allocation-has generally <i>not</i> strategically managed and supported health and performance interventions to maximise people outcomes. Efforts have focused on the individual and <i>their</i> capabilities to address <i>their</i> ill-health or poor performance. Only through system-based thinking-adopting a Whole System Approach (WSA)-can effective evidence-based interventions to promote health and human performance be: holistically developed; successfully implemented at scale across geographically dispersed organisations to realise meaningful and enduring outcomes; and impacts measured and evaluated. This paper provides a synthesis of scientific and practice-based evidence to operationalise system-thinking in developing integrated WSA workplace interventions for military health and human performance, and measure effect and return on investment. Whilst militaries are recognising the need for a paradigm shift to realise the benefits of effective health and performance interventions, persuasive financial arguments could assist with overcoming large-organisation inertia. Moreover, system-based thinking-addressing individual and organisational factors-could maximise military health and performance, foster resilience and deliver operational effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1541256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory mechanism of ABCB1 transcriptional repression by HDAC5 in rat hepatocytes under hypoxic environment.","authors":"Ziqin Wei, Hongfang Mu, Fangfang Qiu, Minghui Zhao, Xiaojing Zhang, Wenbin Li, Hai Jia, Rong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1520246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1520246","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Previous research has demonstrated that the hypoxic environment at high altitudes significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, reducing their efficacy and increasing adverse effects. A key factor in this altered drug metabolism is the inhibition of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), an efflux transporter protein, in the liver tissues of plateau rats. Rat ABCB1, encoded by the &lt;i&gt;ABCB1A&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ABCB1B&lt;/i&gt; genes, has two isoforms functionally analogous to human ABCB1. Histone acetylation, an epigenetic mechanism, may regulate ABCB1 transcription in hypoxic conditions by modifying chromatin structure and interacting with signaling pathways. However, its role in ABCB1 transcriptional regulation under hypoxia remains unclear. Based on this, the present study employed the BRL cell line to establish a hypoxia model, aiming to investigate the histone acetylation-mediated regulatory mechanisms of ABCB1 expression under hypoxic conditions, with the ultimate goal of providing novel theoretical foundations for rational drug use in high-altitude regions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Establishment of BRL hypoxia model: BRL cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, and HIF-1α expression was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. After treating the BRL hypoxia model with HDAC inhibitors, ABCB1 and HDAC5 expression were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Rhodamine 123 accumulation assay was performed to examine the effect of HDAC inhibitors on ABCB1 functional activity. HDAC5 was targeted by siRNA technology to detect ABCB1 and H3K9ac expression. CUT&Tag assay was used to measure H3K9ac levels at the ABCB1 promoter region. After SAHA treatment of the BRL hypoxia model, SP1 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Combined treatment with SAHA and siRNA targeting SP1 was performed to detect ABCB1 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence colocalization assays were conducted to examine interactions among SP1, HDAC5, and ABCB1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;After hypoxic culture for different durations, cell viability decreased while HIF-1α expression increased, indicating the successful establishment of the BRL hypoxia model. In the BRL hypoxia model, ABCB1 and SP1 expression decreased while HDAC5 expression increased. After SAHA treatment, ABCB1 and SP1 expression were upregulated while HDAC5 was downregulated. Rhodamine 123 accumulation assay showed that SAHA could enhance ABCB1 functional activity by inducing its expression. After HDAC5 was knocked down using siRNA, ABCB1 and H3K9ac expression increased, and ABCB1 functional activity was enhanced. CUT&Tag assay demonstrated that H3K9ac levels at the &lt;i&gt;ABCB1B&lt;/i&gt; promoter region decreased in the BRL hypoxia model, while HDAC5 inhibition increased H3K9ac levels at this region. After SP1 was knocked down using siRNA, the inductive effect of SAHA on ABCB1 was blocked. Co-immunoprecipitation and fluoresce","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1520246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) under challenge: Heart rate and acceleration dynamics during exercise and stress.","authors":"Wisdom E K Agbeti, Arjan P Palstra, Suzy Black, Leonardo Magnoni, Martin Lankheet, Hans Komen","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1562665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1562665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the heart rate (HR) and acceleration (AC) dynamics of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) during a swim fitness test in a swim tunnel. Experimental fish were implanted with data loggers equipped with HR and AC sensors. These fish, and controls that were not implanted, were subjected to a swim-fitness test at incremental speeds from 0.2 to 1.0 m.s^-1. Oxygen consumption (MO₂) and locomotory behavior were monitored. Subsequently, these fish were subjected to a stress challenge test to further study the link between induced stress and HR and AC. When swimming from 0.2 to 1.0 m.s^-1, the HR of implanted fish (N = 19) was high in the swim tunnels but remained stable between 82 and 84 beats per minute (bpm), despite significant increases in MO₂, AC, tail beat frequency (TBF), and head width frequency (HWF). The stable HR observed was also reflected by HR explaining only ∼15% of the variation in MO₂. MO₂ of implanted fish increased from 238 to 343 mg.kg^-1.h^-1 when swimming from 0.4 to 1.0 m.s^-1. With increasing swimming speeds, AC values of implanted fish increased from 16 to 27 milli-g and explained ∼40% of the variation in MO₂. TBF increased linearly with swimming speed, and from 0.4 m.s^-1 onward, it correlated strongly with MO₂, similarly for HWF. Under controlled stress conditions, the HR values of fish were significantly higher than baseline conditions but similar during stress regardless of intensity. Also, AC showed similar stress peak patterns as HR. From these results, we conclude that the increased oxygen demand when swimming at increasing speeds is not met by increasing HR alone in Atlantic salmon. This supports the hypothesis that stroke volume plays an important role in boosting cardiac output. AC, in contrast to HR, showed a strong positive correlation with MO₂ during swim-fitness tests and may serve as a reliable predictor of energy expenditure. TBF and HWF may also be useful predictors, but HR is not in Atlantic salmon. HR did show positive responses to induced stress but, similar to swimming, up to maximum values under 90 bpm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1562665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Physiology of human myopathies.","authors":"Aldrin V Gomes, Jose R Pinto, Danuta Szczesna-Cordary","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1597211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1597211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1597211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of corrective exercises, kinesiology taping, and mechanical correction on pain and foot shape in women with hallux valgus.","authors":"Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska, Katarzyna Wódka, Eliza Smoła, Marta A Bibro","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1473278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1473278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effect of corrective exercises and exercises supplemented by kinesiology taping or an orthosis on pain and foot alignment in women with hallux valgus (HV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-two women with HV were randomly divided into groups: E (n = 24) who exercised for 12 weeks; EKT (n = 18) who exercised and used kinesiology taping on HV; EMC (n = 15) who performed exercise and used an orthosis to correct their big toe position; and CHV (25 women with HV without therapy). Additional control group C: (n = 31) women with normal hallux. The Wejsflog index, Clarke's angle, alpha and beta angles, and pain intensity in the big toe area were assessed at the beginning and after therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Wejsflog index was significantly lower in women with HV and increased significantly after therapy in the E and EKT groups. Clarke's angle did not differ between women with and without HV, and Clarke's angle did not change after therapy. The HV angle decreased significantly in groups E and EKT but was still significantly greater than that in group C. The fifth toe varus angle did not differ between women with and without HV and decreased significantly in the right foot after therapy in group E. Pain in the HV area decreased significantly in all groups undergoing therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with HV have a greater forefoot width, but their longitudinal arch and fifth toe position do not differ. Exercises significantly reduce pain and improve hallux alignment. Combining exercises with kinesiology taping or an orthosis does not increase the therapeutic effect. Although the observed effects of conservative therapy are promising, it should be remembered that long-term effects have not been studied.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000902897).</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1473278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial ENaC as a repressor of oxidative stress and a guardian of lung capillary barrier function in bacterial and viral pneumonia.","authors":"D C Eaton, M J Romero, M A Matthay, J Hamacher, A Advani, A Wolf, M Abu Mraheil, T Chakraborty, D W Stepp, E J Belin de Chantemèle, A Kutlar, F Kraft, M Zeitlinger, P Kranke, S Frank, Y Su, A D Verin, D J R Fulton, M Ushio-Fukai, T Fukai, R Lucas","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1562626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1562626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endothelium represents a crucial regulator of vascular homeostasis. Since endothelial cells mainly rely on glycolysis rather than on oxidative phosphorylation for their ATP generation, this allows capillaries to transport the maximum amount of oxygen to oxygen-starved tissues, where it can be used for energy generation. However, the occasionally high levels of oxygen and of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood vessels requires a balancing act between pro- and anti-oxidative mechanisms in the endothelium. When this balance is disturbed by excessive oxidative stress, as can occur in bacterial and viral pneumonia, endothelial barrier function can be compromised. This review will discuss some of the recently discovered barrier-protective mechanisms during bacterial and viral pneumonia, mediated through the reduction of oxidative stress in lung capillaries by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1562626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat stress on ileal epithelial barrier integrity in broilers divergently selected for high- and low-water efficiency.","authors":"Elizabeth S Greene, Brooklee Roach, Maria Fernandez Cuadrado, Sara Orlowski, Sami Dridi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1558201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1558201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water scarcity and rising global temperatures are two of the greatest current and future threats to poultry sustainability. Therefore, selection for water efficiency (WE) and heat resilience are of vital importance. Additionally, intestinal integrity is of critical importance under challenging conditions to maintain nutrient absorption and therefore, growth and performance of broilers. Here, we examined the effect of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the ileal expression profile of tight-junction, gap-junction, adherens, and desmosome genes in the fourth generation of divergently selected low (LWE)- and high water efficient (HWE)-chicken lines. LWE birds exhibited higher levels of gut permeability, regardless of temperature, as measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D). Among the claudins (CLDN), <i>Cldn1</i> showed greater expression in the HWE as compared to LWE, regardless of temperature. <i>Cldn5</i>, -<i>16</i>, -<i>20</i>, and -<i>34</i> genes were all greater in LWE and lower in HWE during HS. Conversely, <i>Cldn25</i> was decreased in LWE but increased HWE under HS. <i>Cldn4</i> was increased in the HWE line and decreased by HS. Cingulin (<i>Cgn</i>) gene expression was lower in HWE as compared to LWE and lower in HS as compared to thermoneutral (TN) condition. Gap junction protein α1 (<i>Gja1</i>) and desmoglein 4 (<i>Dsg4</i>) were greater in the HWE as compared to the LWE. Cadherin 1 (<i>Cdh1</i>) gene expression was greatest in the HWE in TN conditions and lowest in HWE under HS, whereas catenin α2 (<i>Ctnna2</i>) and desmocollin 1 (<i>Dsc1</i>) were highest in HWE during HS compared to all other groups. This differential expression of key genes associated with intestinal barrier integrity likely contributes to the water efficiency phenotype and the response of these birds to HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1558201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of inspiratory muscle training on 1RM performance and body composition in professional natural bodybuilders.","authors":"Baha Engin Çelikel, Coşkun Yılmaz, Alper Demir, Süreyya Yonca Sezer, Levent Ceylan, Tülay Ceylan, Çetin Tan","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1574439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1574439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of inspiratory muscle training on upper limbs One Rep Maximum (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. Our aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a 6 weeks inspiratory muscle training on 1RM results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 14 athletes, that had participated in international bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had been training for minimum of 5 years and at least 5 h per week. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON) groups. The IMT group and CON group consisted of seven subjects. While the control group continued with the normal training regime, the IMT group additionally performed inspiratory muscle training with the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe® Classic device set to 40% of the participant's MIP. Prior to and during the 6-week training period, the bench press 1 RM, anthropometry, pulmonary function tests, and maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure measurements were obtained. A nutrition protocol developed by a qualified dietician was implemented for each athlete.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean maximal strength of the respiratory muscle training group changed by 14.39%, whereas that of the control group changed by 9.43% (p = 0.012). The changes in the mean FVC (p = 0.000), FEV1 (p = 0.001), PEF (p = 0.064), MIP (p = 0.001), and maximal expiratory pressure (p = 0.017) were greater in the IMT group. The mean circumferences of the shoulder (p = 0.004), chest (p = 0.008), arm (p = 0.004), and neck (p = 0.003) improved more in the IMT group than in the CON group. A reduction in abdominal measurement was observed in the IMT group (p = 0.039), whereas no notable discrepancy was identified in body fat percentage (p = 0.295).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion we identified that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training for competition preparation programs in professional natural bodybuilders will further improve their respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, maximal strength, and muscle development. This research provides valuable insights into how IMT influences bodybuilding training outcomes, potentially guiding future interventions and program designs to better support strength development and body composition in bodybuilding training contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1574439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}