Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Differences between macrovascular and microvascular functions in pregnant women with chronic hypertension or preeclampsia: new insights into maternal vascular health.","authors":"Julyane N S Kaihara, Hellen Cristiane Grepi Okano, Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda Veiga, Gustavo Moleiro Tallarico, Carlos Alan Dias-Junior, Ricardo Carvalho Cavalli, Valeria Cristina Sandrim","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1536437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1536437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including chronic hypertension (CH) and preeclampsia (PE), stand as prominent global contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathophysiology of these conditions. This dysfunction impacts blood flow and the regulation of vascular response, potentially leading to alterations in the remodeling of blood vessels. Nitric oxide bioavailability, a key regulator of vascular tone, is often diminished in endothelial dysfunction, with nitrite levels serving as a surrogate marker. Methods such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and peripheral arterial tonometry provide valuable insights into vascular health in large and small vessels, respectively, in hypertensive pregnancies. Among these, peripheral arterial tonometry stands out as a less explored technique in research. This study aimed to evaluate potential alterations in the macrovascular arterial stiffness and the microvascular endothelial function among pregnant women diagnosed with CH or PE compared to healthy pregnant (HP) women. Additionally, we aimed to correlate these vascular parameters with demographic and clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 24 HP women, 24 with CH during pregnancy, and 24 with PE who underwent evaluations of large-artery stiffness via PWV assessments and peripheral arterial tonometry via natural logarithm of the reactive hyperemia index (lnRHI) assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CH and PE exhibited higher large-artery stiffness than HP, although the lnRHI values remained comparable across all groups. Furthermore, PWV values demonstrated a direct correlation or tendency toward a positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) in all groups. However, PWV and nitrite concentrations were not correlated. Notably, microvascular function was positively correlated with SBP and DBP in PE, but not in CH or HP. The correlation between lnRHI and nitrite concentrations was observed in the PE group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, our findings indicate that, while HDPs have demonstrated increased large-artery stiffness in comparison to HP, the microvasculature analyzed by peripheral arterial tonometry was similar among all three groups. Interestingly, the correlation patterns in the nitrite levels, blood pressure, and microvascular function differed in the PE and CH groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1536437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-based machine learning application for interpretable prediction of prolonged length of stay after lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a retrospective cohort study with explainable AI.","authors":"Paierhati Yasheng, Alimujiang Yusufu, Yasenjiang Yimiti, Haopeng Luan, Cong Peng, Xinghua Song","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1542240","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1542240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is an increasingly important issue related to back pain in elderly patients, resulting in significant socioeconomic burdens. Postoperative complications and socioeconomic effects are evaluated using the clinical parameter of hospital length of stay (LOS). This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based tool that can calculate the risk of prolonged length of stay (PLOS) after surgery and interpret the results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were registered from the spine surgery department in our hospital. Hospital stays greater than or equal to the 75th percentile for LOS was considered extended PLOS after spine surgery. We screened the variables using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and permutation importance value and selected nine features. We then performed hyperparameter selection via grid search with nested cross-validation. Receiver operating characteristics curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis was carried out to assess model performance. The result of the final selected model was interpreted using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) were used for model interpretation. To facilitate model utilization, a web application was deployed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 540 patients were involved, and several features were finally selected. The final optimal random forest (RF) model achieved an area under the curve (ROC) of 0.93 on the training set and 0.83 on the test set. Based on both SHAP and LIME analyses, intraoperative blood loss emerged as the most significant contributor to the outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning in association with SHAP and LIME can provide a clear explanation of personalized risk prediction, and spine surgeons can gain a perceptual grasp of the impact of important model components. Utilization and future clinical research of our RF model are made simple and accessible through the web application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caveolin and oxidative stress in cardiac pathology.","authors":"Lauren Zadorozny, Jiayue Du, Neil Supanekar, Karthik Annamalai, Qing Yu, Meijing Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1550647","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1550647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caveolins interact with signaling molecules within caveolae and subcellular membranes. Dysregulation of caveolin function and protein abundance contributes to cardiac pathophysiological processes, driving the development and progression of heart disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are key contributors to the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders. Caveolins have been shown to modulate oxidative stress and regulate redox homeostasis. However, the specific roles of caveolins, particularly caveolin-1 and caveolin-3, in regulating ROS production during cardiac pathology remain unclear. This mini-review article highlights the correlation between caveolins and oxidative stress in maintaining cardiovascular health and modulating cardiac diseases, specifically in myocardial ischemia, heart failure, diabetes-induced metabolic cardiomyopathy, and septic cardiomyopathy. A deeper understanding of caveolin-mediated mechanisms may pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches to treat cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of gluteal muscle central activation in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain.","authors":"Kai-Yu Ho, Michael Carpio, John Donohue, Jacob Kissman, Jing Nong Liang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1535141","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1535141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often linked to knee valgus during weight-bearing activities, commonly attributed to gluteal muscle weakness. However, recent research suggests that central nervous system adaptations may also influence muscle function and movement patterns in individuals with PFP. This study compared the central activation ratio (CAR) of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus between individuals with and without PFP, and assessed the associations between gluteal CAR, frontal plane projection angle of the trunk and lower extremity, and knee function. Twelve individuals without PFP and 10 individuals with PFP participated. We tested CAR of the gluteal muscles with a superimposed burst protocol during a maximum voluntary isometric contraction and evaluated frontal plane kinematics of the trunk and lower extremities during five single leg tasks. Participants with PFP also completed the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). Independent t-tests compared CAR between groups, and Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated the associations between CAR, frontal plane kinematics, and AKPS. Individuals with PFP tended to have lower gluteus maximus CAR, though the difference was not statistically significant (PFP: 90.8% ± 7.0%, Control: 94.4% ± 3.0%; p = 0.067). CAR of both the gluteus maximus (R = 0.790, p = 0.003) and gluteus medius (R = 0.584, p = 0.038) were significantly correlated with AKPS scores, and gluteus maximus CAR was associated with trunk lean angle during single leg landing (R = 0.533, p = 0.006). Our data suggest that higher gluteal CAR is associated with better function in individuals with PFP. Lower gluteus maximus CAR contributes to ipsilateral trunk lean during single leg landing, potentially to reduce external hip moments and muscle demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1535141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in understanding Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease etiology from a molecular and cellular biology perspective.","authors":"Xinda Zheng, Zhuqing Dong, Xiaofei Ding, Qian Huang, Shengping Tang, Yuchen Zhang, Boxiang Li, Shijie Liao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1514302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1514302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a hip disease caused by ischemia of the femoral epiphysis in children, which occurs in children aged 4-8 years (mean 6.5 years), with a male-to-female ratio of about 4:1. The disease has been reported for more than 100 years, but its etiology has not been elucidated. In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the etiology of the disease, and the development of the disease is believed to involve a variety of molecular biological alterations, such as the <i>COL2A1</i> mutation, which may be one of the causes of necrotic collapses of the epiphyseal cartilage matrix in LCPD. Tissue factor V Leiden mutation and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) abnormalities have also been reported in LCPD, but most theories need further confirmation. The in-depth study of LCPD cell biology has facilitated the suggestion regarding structural and/or functional abnormalities of microvascular endothelial cells in LCPD. This conjecture is supported by epidemiological and clinical evidence. Abnormal activation of osteoclasts, ischemic damage to epiphyseal cartilage, and activation of the bone marrow immune system all play important roles in the onset and progression of the disease. In this paper, we review the previous basic studies on LCPD and give an overview from the molecular biology and cell biology perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1514302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss-of-function mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma variants cause vascular smooth muscle cells to secrete a diffusible mitogenic factor.","authors":"Samantha Rothwell, Irvin Ng, Sophia Shalchy-Tabrizi, Pola Kalinowski, Omnia M Taha, Italia Paris, Angelica Baniqued, Lisa Lin, Michelle M Mezei, Anna Lehman, Lisa M Julian, Damon Poburko","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488248","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes vascular aging and disease through diverse mechanisms beyond metabolic supply, including calcium and radical signaling and inflammation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication by the POLG-encoded mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) is critical for mitochondrial health. Loss-of-function POLG variants are associated with a predisposition to hypertension. We hypothesized that impaired POLG, through reduced mtDNA copy number or other mechanisms, would promote smooth muscle hypertrophy or hyperplasia that drives vascular remodeling associated with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We characterized the effect of over-expressing POLG variants that were previously observed in a cohort of hypertensive patients (p.Tyr955Cys, p.Arg964Cys, p.Asn1098Ile, and p.Arg1138Cys) in A7r5 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AlphaFold modeling of the POLG holoenzyme complexed with DNA predicted changes in the catalytic site in the p.Tyr955Cys and p.Asn1098Ile variants, while p.Arg964Cys and p.Arg1138Cys showed minimal effects. The POLG variants reduced mtDNA copy number, assessed by immunofluorescence and droplet digital PCR, by up to 27% in the order p.Tyr955Cys > p.Arg964Cys > p.Asn1098Ile > p.Arg1138Cys relative to wild-type-transfected cultures. Loss of mtDNA was reduced in cultures grown in low serum and glucose media, but the cell density was increased in the same rank order in both 10% serum and 1% serum. POLG constructs contained a Myc epitope, the counterstaining for which showed that the mtDNA copy number was reduced in both transfected cells and untransfected neighbors. Live-cell imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential with TMRM and radical oxygen species production with MitoSOX showed little effect of the POLG variants. POLG variants had little effect on oxygen consumption, assessed by Seahorse assay. Live-cell imaging growth analyses again showed increased growth in A7r5 cells transfected with p.Tyr955Cys but a decreased growth with p.Arg1138Cys, while p.Tyr955Cys increased growth of HeLa cells. Conditioned media from HeLa cells transfected with POLG variants reduced doubling times in naïve cultures. Pharmacologically, wedelolactone and MitoTEMPOL, but not indomethacin or PD98059, suppressed the mitogenic effects of p.Tyr955Cys and p.Arg964Cys in A7r5 cells.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We conclude that POLG dysfunction induces secretion of a mitogenic signal from A7r5 and HeLa cells even when changes in mtDNA copy number are below the limit of detection. Such mitogenic stimulation could stimulate hypertrophic remodeling that could contribute to drug-resistant hypertension in patient populations with loss-of-function POLG variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1488248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring skeletal muscle oxygen saturation kinetics during graded exercise testing in NCAA division I female rowers.","authors":"Drake A Eserhaut, Joseph M DeLeo, Jessica A Provost, Kathryn E Ackerman, Andrew C Fry","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1538465","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1538465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) kinetics during exercise in female rowers both acutely and longitudinally in relation to blood lactate (BLa). We also aimed to determine the agreement and statistical equivalence between physiological thresholds derived from SmO₂ and BLa kinetics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three female NCAA Division I rowers were tested throughout the 2023-2024 academic year. Of these, 11 athletes completed at least two near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-equipped GXTs, with physiological data analyzed for longitudinal changes. A 7x4-min discontinuous GXT protocol was performed by all athletes. First and second SmO₂ breakpoints (SmO₂BP1 and SmO₂BP2) were estimated via piecewise linear regression modeling, and BLa thresholds (LT₁ and LT₂) were calculated using ADAPT software. Paired-samples t-tests assessed differences, and equivalence was tested using two one-sided tests (TOST). Agreement was determined using Bland-Altman analysis yielding mean differences (MD) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,1) were also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No difference was found between SmO₂BP2 and LT₂ (MD = -5.76W [95% LoA = -38.52 to 22.25W], p = 0.134), moderate-to-good levels of agreement (ICC_2,1 = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.36-0.85], p < 0.001), and no statistical equivalence (p = 0.117). This was not the case for SmO₂BP1 and LT₁, with NIRS significantly underestimating LT₁ (MD = -8.14W [95% LoA = -38.90 to 27.37W], p = 0.026), poor-to-moderate agreement (ICC_2,1 = 0.24 [95% CI: -0.13-0.58], p = 0.10), and no statistical equivalence (p = 0.487). Additionally, SmO₂ recovery kinetics (SmO₂resat) during 1-min rest intervals increased in response to graded increases in exercise intensity (p < 0.001, η² _p = 0.71), with higher intensities appearing to blunt this effect (step 6 - step 7: MD = -0.16%⋅s^-1, p = 0.69). No statistically significant changes were observed in LT's or SmO₂BP's throughout the 2023-2024 season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In female collegiate rowers, NIRS may be a tool that compliments BLa testing when determining the second lactate threshold (i.e., LT₂). However, significant inter-individual variablility exists between SmO₂BP2 and LT2 paired with a lack of statistical equivalence suggest the two are not interchangeable. While not a standalone replacement, if used in combination with traditional BLa testing methods NIRS may be a complimentary tool that helps inform individual athlete training zone prescription.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1538465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of woody breast myopathy in broiler chickens.","authors":"Elizabeth S Greene, Paula R Chen, Carrie Walk, Mike Bedford, Sami Dridi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1543788","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1543788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The woody breast (WB) myopathy poses significant economic and welfare concerns to the poultry industry, however, there is no effective strategy to mitigate this pathology due to its unknown etiology. After showing previously that hypoxia is a key factor in WB progression, we used here various techniques demonstrating dysregulated mitochondria (morphology, biogenesis, tethering, function, and bioenergetics) in WB-affected muscles and in hypoxic myoblasts compared to healthy tissues and normoxic cells, respectively. The increased levels of calcium (Ca²⁺) in both WB-affected tissues and hypoxic myoblasts suggested that mitochondrial Ca²⁺ overload is likely a leading cause for mitochondrial dysfunction that merits further in-depth investigation. These findings are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to provide fundamental insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of WB and open new vistas for understanding the interplay between calcium, mitochondrial (dys)function, and avian muscle health for subsequent development of effective preventative/corrective strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1543788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of transcranial pulse current stimulation on the accumulation of exercise-induced fatigue in college students after moderate intensity exercise evidence from central and peripheral sources.","authors":"Qingchang Wu, Siyan Liu, Changli Wu, Jian Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1502418","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1502418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the intervention effect of cranial pulse current stimulator (tPCS) on fatigue accumulation after moderate-intensity exercise by using blood analysis and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and to analyze the type and magnitude of the fatigue effect of tPCS on fatigue in combination with behavioral performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety healthy college students were randomly and equally divided into an experimental group (Group A) and a control group (Group B), and both groups underwent moderate-intensity training for 7 days. Before and after the experiment, all subjects received physiological, biochemical, behavioral, and subjective fatigue indexes, followed by exercise training, and each day of exercise training was followed by tPCS intervention (stimulus intensity of 1.5 mA, stimulus duration of 20 min) and subjective fatigue scale (RPE) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>① After the tPCS intervention, the daily RPE scores of group A were smaller than those of group B; ② The values of the indexes oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb), deoxyhemoglobin concentration (HHb), testosterone (T), and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C) of group A did not differ significantly from those of the pre-intervention period, and the values of all the indexes of group B were significantly different from those of the pre-intervention period. ③ After tPCS intervention, the values of Oxy-Hb, T, T/C, and on-attention decreased in Groups A and B, with Oxy-Hb decreasing the most; the values of HHb, total hemoglobin concentration (HbTot), hemoglobin concentration difference (HbDiff), cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), and reaction time (RT) increased, with the greatest increase in HbDiff; and the Group A The magnitude of change of each index was smaller than that of Group B. After tPCS intervention, the contribution of central fatigue to the effect of reaction time science was greater than that of peripheral fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>① tPCS can delay the development of central fatigue and peripheral fatigue. ② The effect of tPCS on central fatigue is greater than on peripheral fatigue. ③ The effect of tPCS on reaction timing is mainly realized by changing the state of central fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1502418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the nose: nasal neurostimulation as a technology countermeasure for sinonasal congestion in astronauts.","authors":"Timon Ax, Philipp H Zimmermann, Tomas L Bothe, Karen Barchetti, Cintia S de Paiva, Francesc March de Ribot, Slade O Jensen, Thomas J Millar","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1536496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1536496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human spaceflight subjects the body to numerous and unique challenges. Astronauts frequently report a sense of sinonasal congestion upon entering microgravity for which the exact pathomechanisms are unknown. However, cephalad fluid shift seems to be its primary cause, with CO₂ levels and environmental irritants playing ancillary roles. Current management focuses on pharmacotherapy comprising oral and nasal decongestants and antihistamines. These are among the most commonly used treatments in astronauts. With longer and more distant space missions on the horizon, there is a need for efficacious and payload-sparing non-pharmacological interventions. Neurostimulation is a promising countermeasure technology for many ailments on Earth. In this paper, we explore the risk factors and current treatment modalities for sinonasal congestion in astronauts, highlight the limitations of existing approaches, and argue for why neurostimulation should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1536496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}