Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of combined compression and tactile stimulation on ankle somatosensation in a lunar gravity lower limb load analog.","authors":"Ashleigh Marchant, Jeremy Witchalls, Sarah B Wallwork, Nick Ball, Gordon Waddington","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1537889","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1537889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ankle somatosensation appears to be negatively affected when in simulated hypogravity (gravity, 1 > g < 0). Developing countermeasures to reduce this negative effect is necessary for sensorimotor control as astronauts prepare to explore the Moon. Head-elevated supine lying has been found to be an effective method in simulating the physiological impact of hypogravity by reducing the weight-bearing capacity through the lower limbs. This study investigated whether wearing a combined compression sock with plantar textured sole (compression-tactile sock) is associated with enhanced somatosensory acuity of the lower limbs in a simulated hypogravity environment. Ankle somatosensory acuity was assessed on 55 healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years (female subjects 28, male subjects 27; mean age 41 years ±14). The active movement extent discrimination assessment (AMEDA) was used to assess somatosensory acuity on participants' non-dominant foot under four conditions: (1) upright standing in barefoot; (2) upright standing wearing compression-tactile socks; (3) simulated hypogravity (head-elevated supine position) in barefoot; and (4) simulated hypogravity (head-elevated supine position) wearing compression-tactile socks. Analysis was conducted for (i) the whole participant group, (ii) high (above-average) performers, (iii) medium (average) performers, and (iv) low (below average) performers. It was hypothesized that low performers would experience the greatest gains when wearing the sock, compared to those in barefoot. When assessing the group as a whole, AMEDA scores were significantly reduced in the simulated hypogravity (head-elevated supine) conditions when compared to upright standing conditions (p < 0.001; 3% decline when barefoot; 2.9% decline when wearing the socks). Wearing compression-tactile socks had no effect on AMEDA scores when compared to barefoot (p = 0.173). When analyzed by the performance group, somatosensory acuity was enhanced in the compression-tactile sock condition, when compared to barefoot (upright, p = 0.009, 4.7% increase; head-elevated supine, p = 0.022, 3% increase) in the low performers only. In the medium and high-performer groups, there was no difference between the compression-tactile sock conditions and barefoot conditions (p > 0.05 for all). Compression-tactile socks may be associated with enhanced somatosensory acuity in upright standing and simulated hypogravity for individuals with below-average somatosensory acuity. Further research is warranted to assess the effect of compression-tactile socks in an actual hypogravity environment to determine whether the compression-tactile socks can maintain one's somatosensory acuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1537889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A maternal hypoxia mouse model to study the effect of late gestational hypoxia on offspring lung outcomes.","authors":"Thi-Tina N Nguyen, Caitlin V Lewis, Daniel Colon Hidalgo, Janelle N Posey, Mariah Jordan, Timothy E Porfilio, Maya R Grayck, Clyde J Wright, Cassidy Delaney, Eva S Nozik","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1513703","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1513703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extremely preterm birth predisposes infants to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and associated pulmonary hypertension (PH). High altitude exposure during pregnancy has also been shown to worsen infant lung and pulmonary vascular outcomes. Animal models addressing the mechanisms for how maternal hypoxia impacts postnatal and adult lung and pulmonary vascular outcomes are lacking and development of a model to address this gap would enable new mechanistic studies. We hypothesize that late gestational hypoxia disrupts lung and pulmonary vascular development in the offspring, leading to abrupted lung development and PH in adulthood. Pregnant wild-type mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia at 505 mmHg, from day 16.5 of gestation until birth. Lung and pulmonary vascular outcomes were measured in juvenile and mature offspring. We found that late gestational hypoxia resulted in abrupted alveolar and pulmonary vascular development in juvenile offspring and that adult offspring showed persistent abrupted alveolar development as well as PH. This striking model will provide a new opportunity to determine mechanisms responsible for poor outcomes secondary to maternal hypoxia and assess important factors that increase susceptibility to adult diseases in former preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1513703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered leptin signaling and attenuated cardiac vagal activity in rats with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Anthony J Evans, Huiyin Tu, Yu Li, Boris Shabaltiy, Lauren Whitney, Kassidy Carpenter, Yu-Long Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1547901","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1547901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is cardiovascular-related events, including myocardial infraction-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Previous studies have shown that T2DM-induced functional remodeling of cardiac vagal postganglionic (CVP) neurons contributes to ventricular arrhythmogenesis. As leptin resistance is common in T2DM patients, and CVP neurons are located in epicardial adipose pads, a tissue that secretes leptin, in this study we aimed to elucidate a correlation between leptin resistance and CVP neuronal dysfunction in T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A high fat-diet/low dose streptozotocin-induced T2DM rat model was used in this study to characterize T2DM-induced alterations in cardiac parasympathetic tone, determined by changes in baroreflex sensitivity and CVP neuronal excitability. The impact of leptin resistance on CVP neurons was also studied by examining the expression of leptin in epicardial adipose pads, and leptin receptors and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in CVP neurons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T2DM rats exhibited diminished baroreflex sensitivity, and decreased CVP neuronal excitability, demonstrated by a reduced frequency of action potentials, diminished nAChR currents, and an attenuated response to nicotine stimulation. Additionally, compared to sham animals, the expression of leptin receptors and UCP2 in CVP neurons was reduced as early as 4 weeks post-T2DM although the leptin levels in epicardial adipose pads was increased during the progression of T2DM, which demonstrated the occurrence of leptin resistance in T2DM CVP neurons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction in T2DM rats is due, in part, to functional remodeling of CVP neurons. As leptin resistance develops as early as 4 weeks post-T2DM induction, diminished leptin receptors-UCP2 signaling may contribute to CVP neuronal dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cervical transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (ctVNS) on military cognitive performance during sleep deprivation.","authors":"C Bottenheft, Y M Fonken, L F Hendrikse, M Koedijk, A Landman, O Binsch","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1542791","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1542791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Maintaining cognitive performance during sleep deprivation is of vital importance in many professions, especially in high-risk professions like the military. It has long been known that sleep deprivation diminishes cognitive performance. To mitigate the negative effects on cognitive performance during crucial military tasks, new interventions are necessary. Non-invasive cervical transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (ctVNS) has gained traction as a method to boost alertness and cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the effects of a 2 × 2 minute ctVNS stimulation protocol on three cognitive tasks applied during conditions of sleep-deprivation: a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), a multitasking task (SynWin), and an inhibitory control task (stop-signal task; SST). In addition, participants also performed a close-quarter-battle (CQB) test in virtual reality (VR) to examine if potential effects of ctVNS translate to operational military contexts. A total of 35 military operators from Special Operations Forces (SOF) and SOF support units participated. They were randomly assigned to an active stimulation group or sham group. Before stimulation at 19:00 h, participants performed baseline tests. Participants stayed awake through the night and performed the cognitive tasks every 3 h. The last round of cognitive tasks was followed by the VR test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Though sleep deprivation was successfully induced, as evident from a decline in performance on all three cognitive tasks (effect of session: p < 0.001 SynWin; p < 0.001 PVT; p < 0.001 SST; Linear Mixed Model), no significant effects of ctVNS were found on cognitive task performance, as well as on the military operational VR task. However, the influence of stimulation intensity on SynWin performance showed a trend, indicating that higher stimulation intensities could have a negative impact on cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A 2 × 2 minute stimulation protocol may not be sufficient to elicit beneficial effects on cognitive-and operational military performance. Moreover, correct stimulation intensity may be critical to induce effects on cognitive performance, as stimulation effects may follow an inverted-u dose-response curve. Stimulation intensities in the current study are higher compared to a similar study that reported beneficial effects of ctVNS, which may explain this null finding. Further research is recommended to optimize stimulation protocols and investigate robustness of effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in shooting accuracy among basketball players under fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shuairan Li, Yuanyuan Luo, Yingying Cao, Feng Li, Haodong Jin, Jing Mi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1435810","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1435810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the influence of physical and mental fatigue of different intensities (mild, moderate or severe) on basketball shooting accuracy, with the aim of informing more effective training protocols and competition strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature searches were conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCO databases up to 25 June 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified, and data extraction sheets were prepared. Study quality was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool in Review Manager 5.4, and Stata18.0 software was used for heterogeneity analysis, subgroup analysis, forest plots, stratification analysis, and bias assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate physical fatigue affected two-point shooting accuracy (<i>P < 0.01),</i>severe physical fatigue affected both two-point (<i>P = 0.02</i>) and three-point shooting accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.01),with severe physical fatigue showing a greater detrimental impact on three-point shooting accuracy, while two-point shooting accuracy may vary under specific conditions. Additionally, adolescent athletes were less affected by severe physical fatigue compared to adult athletes or those with longer training experience. Moderate mental fatigue also significantly reduced free-throw accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The shooting accuracy of basketball players was significantly affected by moderate and severe physical fatigue. Severe physical fatigue notably adversely affected the accuracy of three-point shooting relative to moderate fatigue; Additionally, moderate mental fatigue significantly reduced free-throw accuracy, which may be attributed to a decline in cognitive executive functions, highlighting the importance of fatigue management in sports training.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, identifier CRD42024539553.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1435810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of different doses of cold water immersion (duration and temperature variations) on recovery from acute exercise-induced muscle damage: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Hai Wang, Lu Wang, Yingxu Pan","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1525726","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1525726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This network meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the recovery impacts of varying cold water immersion (CWI) protocols on acute exercise-induced muscle damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched CNKI, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase from January 2000 to September 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining CWI's recovery effects on acute muscle damage. Data extraction, study screening, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Analyses were performed using Stata 16.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 RCTs were included, with 42 reporting delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), 36 reporting jump performance (JUMP), and 30 reporting creatine kinase (CK) levels. Network meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, MD-MT-CWI: Medium-duration medium-temperature cold water immersion (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) [SMD = -1.45, 95%CI(-2.13, -0.77), P < 0.01] and MD-LT-CWI: Medium-duration low-temperature cold water immersion (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) [SMD = -1.12, 95%CI(-1.78, -0.47), P = 0.01] significantly reduced DOMS; MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) [SMD = 0.48, 95%CI(0.20, 0.77), P = 0.01] and MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) [SMD = 0.42, 95%CI(0.15, 0.70), P = 0.02] significantly improved JUMP; MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) [SMD = -0.85, 95%CI(-1.36, -0.35), P = 0.01] and MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) [SMD = -0.90, 95%CI(-1.46, -0.34), P = 0.02] significantly reduced CK. Cumulative probability ranking showed that MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) was the most effective for improving JUMP and reducing CK, while MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) was the most effective for reducing DOMS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different dosages of cold water immersion (varying in duration and temperature) had different effects on recovery from acute exercise-induced muscle damage. We found that MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) was most effective for improving biochemical markers (CK) and neuromuscular recovery, while MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) was most effective for reducing muscle soreness. In practice, we recommend using MD-LT-CWI (10-15 min, 5°C-10°C) and MD-MT-CWI (10-15 min, 11°C-15°C) to reduce Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, due to the limitations of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to verify these conclusions.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024602359.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1525726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of six-week flywheel and traditional resistance training on deceleration and dynamic balance in elite badminton players.","authors":"Shurui Yuan, Zepeng Lu, Shiwen Tan, Zijie Zhang, Shiwei Jing, Haoyang Liu, Zhihui Zhou, Dapeng Bao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1491661","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1491661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on deceleration and dynamic balance performance in elite badminton players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen elite male badminton players (age: 21.36 ± 2.10 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either a flywheel resistance training group (FT: n = 8) or a traditional resistance training group (RT: n = 9). The FT group performed flywheel resistance training twice a week for 6 weeks, while the RT group participated in traditional resistance training for the same period. Deceleration and dynamic balance performance were assessed at baseline and following the intervention using the dynamic posture stability index (DPSI) test, 5-0-5 change of direction (COD) test, deceleration deficit (DD) test, and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant time × group interaction for DPSI of both legs and peak force in the IMTP test (<i>p</i> < 0.05, partial <i>η</i> ² = 0.42-0.79), with better post-test performance compared to pre-test result in the FT group (ES = 0.30-2.10), and the improvements were higher than that of the RT group. No significant differences were observed in the DD test and COD test between FT and RT groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, the magnitude of improvement in DD for the FT group (ES = 0.99) was greater than that of the RT group (ES = 0.52). This pilot study demonstrates that, compared to traditional resistance training, flywheel resistance training enhances deceleration performance and improves dynamic balance in elite badminton players.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1491661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-session reliability of knee flexion-extension muscle strength monitored using a functional electromechanical dynamometer in female soccer players.","authors":"Oscar Andrades-Ramírez, David Ulloa-Díaz, Bryan Alfaro Castillo, Vanessa Saavedra-Ibaca, Gustavo Muñoz-Bustos, Luis-Javier Chirosa-Ríos","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1542492","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1542492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to analyze the relative and absolute reliability of intra-session comparisons of three repetitions in a protocol for assessment peak muscle strength in a knee extension and flexion exercise in competitive female soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants in this research are professional level female soccer players. Peak muscle strength was assessed with functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEMD) for the knee muscles with the following movements: knee flexion (FLE) and extension (EXT). Each movement was assessed at a speed of 0.4 m·s^-1 unilaterally, recording peak muscle strength values in the concentric phase (CON) and an eccentric phase (ECC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Null differences (ES < 0.19) were detected in the measurements of peak muscle strength of the extensors and flexors of the right and left knee in their concentric or eccentric phases. In the intra-set reliability measures, they reported acceptable absolute reliability (CV% < 9.71) and extremely high relative reliability (ICC = 0.92-0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In relation to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the FEMD presents a high relative and absolute intra-series reliability for the evaluation of muscle strength in knee extension and flexion in female soccer players. These reported antecedents may facilitate a more specific evaluation of the function of the muscles of the lower limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An emotion recognition method based on frequency-domain features of PPG.","authors":"Zhibin Zhu, Xuanyi Wang, Yifei Xu, Wanlin Chen, Jing Zheng, Shulin Chen, Hang Chen","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1486763","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1486763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to employ physiological model simulation to systematically analyze the frequency-domain components of PPG signals and extract their key features. The efficacy of these frequency-domain features in effectively distinguishing emotional states will also be investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dual windkessel model was employed to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract distinctive features. Experimental data collection encompassed both physiological (PPG) and psychological measurements, with subsequent analysis involving distribution patterns and statistical testing (U-tests) to examine feature-emotion relationships. The study implemented support vector machine (SVM) classification to evaluate feature effectiveness, complemented by comparative analysis using pulse rate variability (PRV) features, morphological features, and the DEAP dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate significant differentiation in PPG frequency-domain feature responses to arousal and valence variations, achieving classification accuracies of 87.5% and 81.4%, respectively. Validation on the DEAP dataset yielded consistent patterns with accuracies of 73.5% (arousal) and 71.5% (valence). Feature fusion incorporating the proposed frequency-domain features enhanced classification performance, surpassing 90% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study uses physiological modeling to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract key features. We evaluate their effectiveness in emotion recognition and reveal relationships among physiological parameters, frequency features, and emotional states.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>These findings advance understanding of emotion recognition mechanisms and provide a foundation for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1486763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic exercise improves inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by regulating miR-221-3p via JAK/STAT signaling pathway.","authors":"Nan Li, Liang Zhang, Qiaofeng Guo, Haiyan Shi, Yanming Gan, Weiqing Wang, Xiaoying Yang, Yue Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1534911","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1534911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism while the mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and served as a potential therapeutic target. The study aimed to explore how aerobic exercise prevents chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty C57BL/6J male mice were divided into a normal (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by treadmill training for 8 weeks. Glucose levels were evaluated by glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and kits. Chronic inflammatory states were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence stain. The role of miR-221-3p was determined using miRNA sequencing and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle were investigated by Real-time PCR and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aerobic exercise reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose gain, and improved insulin sensitivity. It suppressed inflammation by altering IL-1β, IL-10 levels, and macrophage polarization in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, exercise prevented chronic inflammation by diminished miR-221-3p and downstream JAK/STAT pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aerobic exercise improved chronic inflammation and IR in the skeletal muscle, with miR-221-3p as a key modulator of macrophage polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1534911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}