Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"The effects of aerobic exercise and heat stress on the unbound fraction of caffeine.","authors":"Mackenzie McLaughlin, Kaye Dizon, Ira Jacobs","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1370586","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1370586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The fraction of drug circulating in the blood that is not bound to plasma proteins (<i>f</i> _<i>u</i> ) is considered pharmacologically active since it readily binds to its receptor. <i>In vitro</i> evidence suggests that changes in temperature and pH affect the affinity of drug binding to plasma proteins, resulting in changes in <i>f</i> _<i>u</i> . In light of the well-established effects of exercise on body temperature and blood pH, we investigated whether an increase in blood temperature and decrease in pH facilitated through passive heating and exercise translated to a change in the <i>f</i> _<i>u</i> of caffeine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy participants (4 females and 6 males; age: 21.9 ± 2.7 years [means ± SD]) ingested 3 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine on two separate occasions comprised of a control trial involving 105 min of rest, and an experimental trial involving 10 min of passive heating, followed by 20 min of cycling at 55% <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mtext>peak</mtext></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , and then 10 sprint intervals at 90% <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mtext>peak</mtext></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> . Venous blood was sampled and the plasma was processed via ultrafiltration to quantify the <i>f</i> _<i>u</i> of caffeine and its major metabolite, paraxanthine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exercise protocol resulted in maximal increases in core temperature of 1.37°C ± 0.27°C and lactate of 10.34 ± 3.33 mmol/L, and a decrease in blood pH of 0.12 ± 0.051 (all <i>p</i> < 0.05), which did not affect the <i>f</i> _<i>u</i> of caffeine (baseline: 0.86 vs post-exercise: 0.75; <i>p</i> = 0.30) or paraxanthine (baseline: 0.59 vs. post-exercise: 0.70; <i>p</i> = 0.11). Furthermore, the rate of metabolism of caffeine assessed through the metabolic ratio ([paraxanthine]/[caffeine]) did not differ between resting and exercise trials.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Therefore, the changes in blood temperature and pH in this study did not affect the <i>f</i> _<i>u</i> of caffeine or paraxanthine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1370586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary function in swimmers exposed to disinfection by-products: a narrative review.","authors":"Michał Boraczyński, Tomasz Balcerek, Nikola Rożkiewicz, Monika Pabiszczak, Michał Harasymczuk, Aneta Sławska, Przemysław Lutomski","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1473302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1473302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swimming produces many psychophysiological effects, including blood, hormonal, enzymatic, pulmonary, cardiovascular and energetic adaptations. However, asthma and allergies are becoming increasingly prevalent medical issues among elite endurance-trained swimmers, where exercise-induced asthma or bronchospasm is frequently reported. Heavy endurance swimming training, especially under adverse conditions, stresses the airway mucosa, leading to inflammatory changes, as observed in induced sputum in competitive swimmers. In addition, chlorine-based disinfectants (CBDs) are commonly used in indoor pools due to their effectiveness and lower relative cost. Many of these substances have carcinogenic and genotoxic properties, and exposure to DBPs have been linked to adverse respiratory effects. The association between long-term exposure to a chlorinated swimming pool and elevated serum sIgE levels suggests a link between allergens, chlorine exposure and the development of various pulmonary dysfunctions. Thus, the combination of intense and repeated physical endurance training over extended periods, along with suboptimal environmental conditions, may contribute to the development of rhinitis, asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in athletes. While occasional or low-level exposure to chlorine might not be harmful, regular swimmers, especially those at competitive levels, are at a higher risk of developing respiratory disorders. Because these potential risks of exposure to CBDs must be balanced against the benefits of swimming and the risk of microbial infections in pools, we recommend better pool management and regular health checks for swimmers. Fortunately, the reduction of bronchial symptoms in swimmers who reduce training volume and intensity suggests that the negative effects on pulmonary function may be reversible. For these reasons, it is crucial to develop effective respiratory protection strategies, including medical interventions and modifications to the pool environment. Practical steps such as reducing chlorine use, ensuring proper hygiene before swimming and using swim caps can minimise risks. Research should also explore safer alternatives to CBDs, such as ozonation, and improved ventilation to reduce air pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1473302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of upper extremity blood flow restriction training on muscle strength and hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiapeng Jing, Qinzhi Zheng, Hongfei Dong, Yan Wang, Peiji Wang, Di Fan, Zhuo Xu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488305","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFRT) has been shown to improve muscle strength and hypertrophic function. The effect of LL-BFRT on lower extremity muscle improvement has been widely discussed. However, no studies have discussed the effect of this training method on the upper extremity muscles until now. This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of LL-BFRT in the upper extremity muscles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The relevant literature was searched in four major databases including Pubmed, Web of science, the Cochrane Library and Embase from 10 June 2024. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool and GRADE methodology were used to assess the risk of bias and quality in included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included a total of 11 articles with 220 participants. LL-BFRT and high load resistance training (HLRT) produced similar effects in improving upper extremity muscle strength (low certainty evidence, SMD: -0.35; 95%CI: -0.73 to 0.03; <i>p</i>: 0.07; I²: 2%) and hypertrophy (moderate certainty evidence, SMD: -0.36; 95%CI: -0.73 to 0.01; <i>p</i>: 0.05; I²: 0%). Compared with low load resistance training (LLRT), LL-BFRT showed greater advantages in improving upper extremity muscle strength (low certainty evidence, SMD: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.33 to 1.01; <i>p</i>: 0.0001; I²: 0%) and hypertrophy (low certainty evidence, SMD: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.06 to 0.67; <i>p</i>: 0.02; I²: 0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, LL-BFRT can be used as an alternative training method for HLRT to improve upper extremity muscle strength and hypertrophy. Our study shows that the effect of LL-BFRT on upper extremity muscle is limited by age and region. It is necessary to formulate reasonable exercise programs according to the characteristics of different demographic groups.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024555514.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1488305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle power is associated with higher levels of walking capacity and self-reported gait performance and physical activity in individuals with cerebral palsy.","authors":"Mattie E Pontiff, Abhinandan Batra, Li Li, Noelle G Moreau","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488905","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1488905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between a Power Leg Press test (PLP) with walking capacity and self-reported performance and participation in individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP), and to compare the strength of the associations between two power tests (PLP and isokinetic (IsoK)) with walking capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ambulatory individuals with CP (n = 33; age 17.89 ± 7.52 years) performed five inclined power leg presses at 40%-50% of their 1-repetition maximum \"as fast as possible\". A linear position transducer was attached to the weight bar, and the displacement, total load, and angle of the sled were used to calculate peak power for each trial. Isokinetic knee extensor power was measured at 60 deg/sec. Walking capacity was measured using the 10-m walk test fast (FS) and self-selected (SS) speeds and the 1-min walk test (1MWT). Self-reported performance and participation measures were the Activities Scale for Kids-performance (ASKp), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS^®), and the Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL). Pearson's correlation coefficients determined relationships between power measures with walking capacity and self-report measures (α < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PLP and IsoK power were significantly correlated to SS (r = 0.361, r = 0.376), FS (r = 0.511, r = 0.485), and 1MWT (r = 0.583. r = 0.443), respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the strength of the associations between walking capacity and each test of power (PLP and Isok) (<i>p</i> > 0.05). PLP power was significantly correlated to composite scores on the ASKp (r = 0.690) and GOAL (r = 0.577) and to four components of the PROMIS, including physical function (r = 0.588) (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The Gait and Mobility subscale of the GOAL (r = 0.705) and the Locomotion (r = 0.636), Transfers (r = 0.547), and Standing (r = 0.521) subscales of the ASKp had strong relationships to peak power produced during the PLP test (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PLP power was significantly correlated with walking capacity and self-reported walking performance and mobility-based participation in ambulatory individuals with CP. Higher movement velocities associated with the PLP test may explain the significant associations of power with faster gait speeds. Self-reported mobility performance and physical activity also showed moderate to strong relationships with lower extremity power. Overall, these results suggest a strong link between decreased muscle power generation and walking limitations in individuals with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1488905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscle morphometry and contraction change in postpartum pelvic girdle pain and asymptomatic subjects: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ziling Lin, Yanjun Hou, Xueling Chen, Yanping Liu, Xiangbin Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1506553","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1506553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscle training is considered a crucial component of exercise rehabilitation for postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP). However, there is a paucity of research evidence regarding the morphological changes and contraction function of these muscles in postpartum women with PGP. Understanding the alterations in lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscles function associated with PGP, is crucial for tailoring effective rehabilitation strategies and promoting optimal postpartum recovery. Therefore, this study aims to compare the differences in muscle thickness and contraction function of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscle between postpartum women with PGP and asymptomatic controls using ultrasound imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and fifty postpartum women with PGP and fifty age-matched asymptomatic postpartum women were recruited in this study. Real-time musculoskeletal ultrasound was utilized to measure the resting muscle thickness of nine lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscles, including the erector spinalis (ES), latissimus dorsi (LD), quadratus lumbalis (QL), gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), piriformis (PF), iliacus muscle (IM), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF). The thickness of the GMax, GMed, RF, and BF muscles were measured at maximum contraction to calculate a contraction: rest ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the asymptomatic women, those with PGP exhibited reduced resting thickness of the ES and GMax muscles bilaterally, as well as increased resting thickness of the right LD and IM muscles. Furthermore, the PGP group demonstrated decreased thickness of the left GMed and right RF muscles at maximum contraction. The contraction ratio was also diminished for the GMax muscles bilaterally, left GMed, and right RF in women with postpartum PGP. Conclusion: Postpartum women with PGP demonstrated reduced thickness, asymmetry, and diminished contractility of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscles. Exercise prescriptions for postpartum women with PGP should incorporate targeted strengthening of the ES, GMax, GMed, and RF muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postpartum women with PGP demonstrated reduced thickness, asymmetry, and diminished contractility of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscle. Exercise prescriptions for postpartum women with PGP should incorporate targeted strengthening of the ES, GMax, GMed, and RF muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1506553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of different exercise modalities on chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.","authors":"Hugo L Correa, Thiago S Rosa, Rafael L Santos, Vitoria M Mestrinho, Thaís S Aquino, Weberth O Santos, Rodrigo P Neves, Lysleine A Deus, Andrea L Reis, Jessica M Barbosa, Thais B Araujo, Ruchama Verhoeff, Karim Yatim, Daniel Mendes, Roberto C Manfro, Thiago J Borges, Leonardo V Riella","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1444976","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1444976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exercise is widely recognized for its benefits to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the specific impact of different exercise modalities on CKD-related outcomes remains unclear. This study sought to summarize the effects of different exercise modalities on the main outcomes impacted by CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for systematic review with meta-analysis in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. We evaluated the methodological quality of included studies by AMSTAR2 tool and by individually evaluating the heterogeneity, sample power, and statistical significances from meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 44 meta-analyses, encompassing 35,432 CKD patients in pre-dialysis and dialysis stages (peritoneal and hemodialysis). Data from meta-analyses with highly suggestive or strong evidence grading suggests that aerobic and combined training were most effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (main effect: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-3.4, and main effect: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.4-4.6, respectively). Combined training showed a consistent benefit in psychosocial domains (main effect: -7.3; 95% CI: -9.31 to -53). All exercise modalities significantly improve functional performance, except isometric training, which impacted just fistula maturation (main effect: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.5-1.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise emerges as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for CKD patients. Tailoring exercise to specific outcomes appears to be crucial, as different exercise modalities exhibit varying effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1444976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the ligand-binding properties of odorant-binding protein 38 from <i>Riptortus pedestris</i> when interacting with soybean volatiles.","authors":"Jianglong Guo, Panjing Liu, Xiaofang Zhang, Jingjie An, Yaofa Li, Tao Zhang, Zhanlin Gao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1475489","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1475489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Riptortus pedestris</i> (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major soybean pest throughout East Asia that relies on its advanced olfactory system for the perception of plant-derived volatile compounds and aggregation pheromones for conspecific and host plant localization. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) facilitate the transport of odorant compounds across the sensillum lymph within the insect olfactory system, enabling their interaction with odorant receptors (ORs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses, fluorescence-based competitive binding assays, and molecular docking analyses were applied to assess the expression and ligand-binding properties of OBP38 from <i>R. peddestris</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The qRT-PCR analyses revealed high levels of <i>RpedOBP38</i> expression in the antennae without any apparent sex bias, and it was also highly expressed in the adult stage. Recombinant RpedOBP38 was prepared by expressing it in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) followed by its purification with a Ni-chelating affinity column. RpedOBP38 was found to bind most strongly to trans-2-decenal (Ki = 7.440) and trans-2-nonenal (Ki = 10.973), followed by β-pinene, (+) -4-terpineol, carvacrol, methyl salicylate, and (-)-carvone. The 3D structure of RpedOBP38 contains six α-helices and three interlocked disulfide bridges comprising a stable hydrophobic binding pocket. In a final series of molecular docking analyses, several polar (e.g., His 94, Glu97) and nonpolar (e.g., Leu29, Ile59) residues were found to be involved in RpedOBP38-ligand binding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data support a role for RpedOBP38 in the perception of volatiles derived from host plants, providing important insight into the mechanisms that govern olfactory recognition in <i>R. pedestris</i>, thereby informing the development of ecologically friendly approaches to managing <i>R. pedestris</i> infestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1475489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized auricular vagus nerve stimulation: beat-to-beat deceleration dominates in systole-gated stimulation during inspiration - a pilot study.","authors":"Johannes Tischer, Jozsef Constantin Szeles, Eugenijus Kaniusas","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1495868","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1495868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromodulation comes into focus as a non-pharmacological therapy with the vagus nerve as modulation target. The auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) has emerged to treat chronic diseases while re-establishing the sympathovagal balance and activating parasympathetic anti-inflammatory pathways. aVNS leads still to over and under-stimulation and is limited in therapeutic efficiency. A potential avenue is personalization of aVNS based on time-varying cardiorespiratory rhythms of the human body. In the pilot study, we propose personalized cardiac-gated aVNS and evaluate its effects on the instantaneous beat-to-beat intervals (RR intervals). Modulation of RR is expected to reveal the aVNS efficiency since the efferent cardiac branch of the stimulated afferent vagus nerve governs the instantaneous RR. Five healthy subjects were subjected to aVNS. Each subject underwent two 25-min sessions. The first session started with the non-gated open-loop aVNS, followed by the systole-gated closed-loop aVNS, then the non-gated, diastole-gated, and non-gated aVNS, each for 5min. In the second session, systole and diastole gated aVNS were interchanged. Changes in RR are analysed by comparing the prolongation of RR intervals with respect to the proceeding RR interval where aVNS took place. These RR changes are considered as a function of the personalized stimulation onset, the stimulation angle starting with R peak. The influence of the respiration phases is considered on the cardiovagal modulation. The results show that the systole-gated aVNS tends to prolong and shorten RR when stimulated after and before the R peak, respectively. The later in time is the stimulation onset within the diastole-gated aVNS, the longer tends to be the subsequent RR interval. The tendency of the RR prolongation raises with increasing stimulation angle and then gradually levels off with increasing delay of the considered RR interval from the one where aVNS took place. The slope of this rise is larger for the systole-gated than diastole-gated aVNS. When considering individual respiration phases, the inspiratory systole-gated aVNS seems to show the largest slope values and thus the largest cardiovagal modulatory capacity of the personalized time-gated aVNS. This pilot study indicates aVNS capacity to modulate the heartbeat and thus the parasympathetic activity which is attenuated in chronic diseases. The modulation is highest for the systole-gated aVNS during inspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1495868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Between-subject and within-subject variation of muscle atrophy and bone loss in response to experimental bed rest.","authors":"Jonas Böcker, Marie-Therese Schmitz, Uwe Mittag, Jens Jordan, Jörn Rittweger","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1528096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1528096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.743876.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1528096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive ML methods for diagnosis of congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Yuyang Gao, Pengyue Ma, Jiahua Pan, Hongbo Yang, Tao Guo, Weilian Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1502725","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1502725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Congenital heart disease with pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH), caused by CHD, is associated with high clinical mortality. Hence, timely diagnosis is imperative for treatment.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Two non-invasive diagnosis algorithms of CHD-PAH were put forward in this review, which were direct three-divided and two-stage classification models. Pre-processing in both algorithms focuses on segmentation of heart sounds into discrete cardiac cycles. Both the dual-threshold and Bi-LSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory) methods demonstrate efficacy. In the feature extraction phase, the direct three-divided model integrate time-, frequency-, and energy-domain features with deep learning features. While the two-stage classification model sequentially extracts sub-band envelopes and short-time energy of cardiac cycle. In the classification phase, considering the lack of CHD-PAH data, ensemble learning was widely used.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>An accuracy of 88.61% was achieved with direct three-divided model and 90.9% with two-stage classification model.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>By analyzing and discussing these algorithms, future research directions of CHD-PAH assisted diagnosis were discussed. It is hoped that it will provide insight into prediction of CHD-PAH. Thus saving people from death due to untimely assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1502725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143003332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}