Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Sleep-timing irregularity moderates the within-participant association between training load and next-morning heart rate variability in university sport participants: a 28-day study.","authors":"Xiangyu Wang, Yongwei Wang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1966561","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1966561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate variability (HRV) describes beat-to-beat variation in cardiac intervals; the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) is a time-domain index of short-term cardiac vagal modulation. We examined whether nightly deviation from habitual sleep midpoint moderated the association between prior-day internal training load and next-morning natural-log-transformed RMSSD (lnRMSSD), and whether analogous interactions were present for resting heart rate, wellness strain, and countermovement-jump (CMJ) height.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>University students engaged in regular sport training completed 28 days of habitual monitoring. Internal load was session duration multiplied by session rating of perceived exertion. Wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries estimated sleep midpoint, and 5-min morning RR recordings yielded lnRMSSD. Mixed models separated within- and between-participant components and tested within-participant load (per 100 arbitrary units [AU]) × absolute midpoint deviation (per 30 min).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 1,232 mornings from 54 participants (57.4% female; age 21.0 ± 1.7 years). At each participant's mean midpoint deviation, greater-than-usual load was associated with lower next-morning lnRMSSD (β = -0.0089, 95% CI -0.0127 to -0.0051; p < 0.001). At mean load, greater-than-usual midpoint deviation was also associated with lower lnRMSSD (β = -0.0156, 95% CI -0.0268 to -0.0045; p = 0.006). The interaction was negative (β = -0.0101, 95% CI -0.0153 to -0.0048; p < 0.001). Thus, the inverse within-participant association between load and lnRMSSD strengthened as sleep-timing irregularity increased. No load-by-midpoint interaction was detected for resting heart rate, wellness strain, or CMJ height after false discovery rate adjustment. The primary interaction persisted after adjustment for prior-morning lnRMSSD (β = -0.0096, 95% CI -0.0147 to -0.0046; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The within-participant association between training load and next-morning cardiac vagal modulation was moderated by sleep-timing irregularity. These field-based associations do not establish a sleep mechanism, causal recovery effect, or decision threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1966561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mental fatigue on lower-limb explosive power and anaerobic capacity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ning Wang, Zhengxiang Chen, Kewei Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1916804","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1916804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mental fatigue may impair high-intensity exercise performance, but its effects on lower-limb explosive power and anaerobic capacity remain inconsistent. This study aimed to systematically evaluate and quantitatively synthesize the effects of mental fatigue on these two performance domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI were searched for randomized controlled trials and randomized crossover trials. Standardized mean differences were calculated using Hedges' g, and pooled effects were estimated using a random-effects model. Risk-of-bias assessment, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies involving 302 participants were included. Mental fatigue significantly reduced lower-limb explosive power, although the effect size was small and heterogeneity was low (SMD = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.03], p = 0.014). Mental fatigue also significantly impaired anaerobic capacity (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI [-0.52, -0.06], p = 0.013). No statistically significant between-subgroup differences were observed for athletic level, mental-fatigue induction duration, or sport specificity of the performance test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mental fatigue appears to impair both lower-limb explosive power and anaerobic capacity, although the anaerobic-capacity estimate should be interpreted cautiously because of imprecision and lower certainty of evidence. Cognitive load management should therefore be considered in training design and pre-competition preparation.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025116370, identifier CRD42025116370.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1916804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived workload and heart rate variability in elite military pilots recovering from operational maintenance and air demonstration flights.","authors":"Wilian de Jesus Santana, Gilberto Pivetta Pires, Diego Santiago, Edson Koury do Nascimento, Paulo Farinatti, Carlos Eduardo Rosa da Silva, Aylton Figueira Junior","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1919969","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1919969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Military pilots are exposed to high psychophysiological demands arising from Q9 environmental, operational, and cognitive factors. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely used as a non-invasive marker of autonomic modulation, whereas the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) allows the assessment of perceived workload. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated these parameters in aerial demonstration pilots.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare autonomic responses assessed by HRV and perceived workload in pilots from the Brazilian Air Force Aerial Demonstration Squadron during recovery following operational maintenance (OM) and aerial demonstration (AD) flights.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine elite military pilots (32 ± 3 years) performed two flights with an average duration of 50 minutes: an OM flight, characterized by lower operational complexity, and an AD flight, characterized by higher operational complexity and involving seven aircraft performing synchronized aerobatic maneuvers. HRV was recorded using the Equivital® system and analyzed with Kubios® software, including SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF during an immediate post-flight recovery segment. After each flight, perceived workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX. Comparisons between conditions were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AD flights showed higher scores for temporal demand (+29%; p = 0.01) and effort (+28%; p = 0.03), as well as percentage increases in the other NASA-TLX dimensions. Most HRV indices remained stable between conditions (p > 0.05). The only significant difference was observed for maximum heart rate, which was 9% lower in the post-flight comparison between OM and AD conditions (p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Exploratory correlation analyses revealed sparse and largely non-significant associations between HRV indices and NASA-TLX dimensions, with only a few nominal associations involving temporal demand and the spectral HF component.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aerial demonstration flights were associated with higher perceived workload scores, particularly in the temporal demand and effort dimensions. However, no statistically significant differences were detected for most HRV indices assessed during the immediate post-flight recovery period. These findings suggest relative stability of autonomic responses in highly experienced military pilots, even in the presence of increased perceived workload.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1919969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm TLR2/1 activation modulates the paternal RNA cargo and enhances bovine embryonic development.","authors":"Alireza Mansouri, Ihshan Akthar, Taiyo Hashimoto, Kazuya Kusama, Kazuhiko Imakawa, Masayuki Shimada, Akio Miyamoto","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1906057","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1906057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>In vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) and <i>in vitro</i> embryo production (IVP) are crucial technologies for accelerating genetic gain in cattle. However, IVP efficiency remains suboptimal, as <i>in vitro</i>-derived embryos frequently exhibit reduced developmental competence compared to their <i>in vivo</i> counterparts. Previous studies indicate that activation of the sperm Toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1) complex <i>via</i> Pam3CSK4 (PAM3) enhances sperm-oocyte interactions and improves cleavage and blastocyst rates; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. In this study, frozen-thawed active sperm from three high-fertility Holstein bulls were allocated to control or PAM3-treated groups before IVF. Both sperm and the resulting day 7 blastocysts were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate whether TLR2/1 activation modulates the paternal RNA cargo and if these alterations persist in the embryonic transcriptome. PAM3 treatment significantly improved developmental outcomes, specifically cleavage and blastocyst rates, although the magnitude of the effect varied among bulls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct bull-specific RNA profiles and demonstrated that PAM3 treatment induced selective remodeling of sperm transcript abundance, involving both coding and non-coding RNA fractions. Conversely, day 7 embryos derived from PAM3-treated sperm did not exhibit global transcriptomic divergence from controls. This suggests that the molecular consequences of sperm TLR2/1 activation may be restricted to earlier developmental stages or regulated through specific pathways rather than broad transcriptomic remodeling at the blastocyst stage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that TLR2/1 signaling modulates paternal RNA cargo, potentially contributing to improved fertilization and bovine IVP efficiency by facilitating sperm penetration of the oocyte.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1906057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bed rest and endurance retraining alter persistent inward current estimates in young and older males.","authors":"Giovanni Martino, Miloš Kalc, Maíra Camargo Scarpelli, Fabio Sarto, Mohammadhossein Ghasemi, Riccardo Magris, Rado Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, Nina Murks, Ales Holobar, Simone Porcelli, Martino V Franchi, Marco V Narici, Giuseppe De Vito","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1905824","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1905824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prolonged physical inactivity induces rapid neuromuscular deconditioning, with aging influencing both the rate, recovery and nature of these changes. However, its effects on the modulation of motoneuron excitability across age groups remain unclear. This study examined how bed rest and subsequent endurance retraining influence persistent inward current (PIC)-related estimates, motor-unit (MU) discharge behavior, and circulating tryptophan (TRP) and kynurenine (KYN) biomarkers in healthy young and older males.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine young (22 ± 4 yr) and ten older (69 ± 3 yr) males completed 21 and 10 days of horizontal bed rest, respectively, followed by 21-day endurance retraining. High-density surface EMG decomposition of vastus lateralis was used to estimate PIC-related indices derived from paired MU analysis (ΔF) and geometric discharge metrics, namely brace height (BH), acceleration (ACC), and attenuation (ATT), as well as MU discharge properties, including peak discharge rate and discharge-rate ranges. Plasma TRP, KYN, and their concentration ratio were also quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bed rest reduced ΔF in YA after 21 days (-26.1%, p<0.001) and in OA after 10 days (-15.3%, p=0.029). After retraining, ΔF was no longer different from baseline in YA, whereas in OA values at RT did not differ from either baseline or bed rest. In YA, ACC (-25.1%, p=0.002) and ATT (-27.7%, p=0.023), but not BH, decreased after bed rest and were no longer different from baseline after retraining; in OA, BH, ACC, and ATT were unchanged. Peak discharge rate and discharge-rate range decreased after bed rest in both groups and showed partial recovery after retraining. Plasma tryptophan, kynurenine, and their ratio did not change.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that motoneuron-related indices are sensitive to prolonged physical inactivity and remain modifiable during post-disuse retraining. Although older adults were exposed to a shorter bed rest duration, ΔF adaptations to disuse and retraining were also present in an older population. The non-uniform behavior of ΔF and geometric discharge metrics suggests that different aspects of motoneuron output may adapt through partly distinct mechanisms, potentially with age-dependent features.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1905824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and selected lipid outcomes in adult women with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yulong Wang, Qianyin Tan, Jingyou Zhong, Caixia Zhang, Yanhao Wang, Wei Gao, Ming Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1904753","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1904753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and selected lipid outcomes in adult women with overweight, obesity, or normal-weight obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261394616). PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and MEDLINE via Ovid were searched from database inception to 26 July 2026. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials involving adult women with overweight, obesity, or normal-weight obesity and comparing HIIT with control conditions without structured exercise. Outcomes included body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), maximal or peak oxygen uptake (VO₂max/VO₂peak), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). Hedges' g with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used as the pooled effect measure, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included. Compared with controls without structured exercise, HIIT significantly reduced BW (g = -0.33, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.08; P = 0.01), BMI (g = -0.56, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.17; P< 0.01), BF% (g = -0.76, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.17; P = 0.01), and FM (g = -0.66, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.20; P< 0.01), and significantly improved VO₂max/VO₂peak (g = 1.09, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.47; P< 0.01). HIIT also increased HDL-C and reduced LDL-C, whereas effects on TC and TG were not statistically significant. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were exploratory. Evidence certainty ranged from low to very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current randomized evidence suggests that, compared with controls without structured exercise, HIIT may favor adiposity-related body-composition outcomes and cardiorespiratory fitness in adult women with overweight, obesity, or normal-weight obesity, whereas its effects on selected lipid outcomes remain uncertain. The review did not systematically evaluate other cardiometabolic outcomes, including blood pressure, insulin resistance, glycemic control, or inflammatory markers. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited number of studies, small sample sizes, between-study heterogeneity, and low to very low certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420261394616.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1904753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal neuromonitoring-guided cerebral protection and early neurocognitive outcomes after aortic arch surgery.","authors":"Xue Zhang, Xuan Jing, Ruixia Hao, Na Xu, Chunmin Zhang, Dong Wang, Wei Liu, Pengting Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1948101","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1948101","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Open aortic arch surgery exposes patients to hypothermic circulatory arrest, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, rewarming, and arch-vessel manipulation. Postoperative delirium and early cognitive decline remain clinically important complications. Because single-modality cerebral oximetry cannot fully capture perioperative cerebral physiological burden, this study evaluated whether a multimodal neuromonitoring-guided cerebral-protection protocol was associated with lower cerebral physiological burden and improved early neurocognitive outcomes after aortic arch surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective single-center cohort study screened consecutive adult patients who underwent open aortic arch surgery from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2026. Patients treated from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023 formed the conventional cerebral-protection cohort, and patients treated from January 1, 2024 to April 30, 2026 formed the multimodal-guided cohort. The guided protocol used bilateral near-infrared spectroscopy, processed electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler, and cerebral oximetry index-derived autoregulation monitoring to trigger correction of perfusion pressure, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion flow, cannula position, PaCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, hemoglobin, anesthetic depth, and rewarming speed. The primary outcome was postoperative delirium within postoperative days 1-5. The main secondary cognitive outcome was MoCA-defined 30-day cognitive decline. Inverse probability weighting and multivariable regression were used to address baseline imbalance and calendar-period confounding. A patient-level segmented time-series model was also used to estimate the pre-implementation temporal slope, the immediate level change at protocol implementation, and the post-implementation slope change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The final cohort included 186 patients, with 92 in the conventional cohort and 94 in the multimodal-guided cohort. The guided cohort had lower absolute rSO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; burden, shorter EEG suppression burden, and shorter duration with impaired cerebral autoregulation. Postoperative delirium occurred in 36 of 92 patients in the conventional cohort and 14 of 94 patients in the guided cohort. MoCA-defined 30-day cognitive decline occurred in 31 of 83 patients with available follow-up in the conventional cohort and 10 of 90 patients in the guided cohort. In weighted adjusted models, the guided cohort was associated with lower odds of postoperative delirium (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.77) and lower odds of 30-day cognitive decline (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.75). The delirium association was attenuated after adding intraoperative cerebral physiological burden variables. In segmented analyses, neither outcome showed a significant pre-implementation trend; protocol implementation was associated with an immediate reduction in the odds of postoperative delirium (level-change OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1948101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the isocapnic buffering phase and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit in athletes.","authors":"Muhammed Ay, Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Burcu Özdemir, Abdullah Kılcı, Ömer Cumhur Boyraz, Özgür Günaştı, Mustafa Oğuzhan Akbulut, Çiğdem Özdemir Postallı, Ertuğrul Gezgin, Erkan Tiyekli, Kerem Özgünen, Sanlı Sadi Kurdak","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1947289","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1947289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the isocapnic buffering (IB) phase and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) in athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two active male athletes (19.7 ± 1.4 years) participated in an incremental test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O_2max), the intensity associated with V̇O_2max (vVO_2max), the anaerobic threshold (AT), the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and IB, 6 submaximal efforts to construct the V̇O₂-velocity relationship, a supramaximal effort to determine MAOD, and the Wingate Anaerobic test. The IB was calculated as the difference in both oxygen uptake (IB_VO2) and running velocity (IBv) between the RCP and AT, and expressed in absolute or relative values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAOD was positively associated with absolute and relative IB_VO2 and IB_V (rs=0.825, 0.753, 0.675, and 0.630, respectively; all Holm-adjusted p ≤ 0.002). In exploratory analyses, peak power remained associated after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment with absolute and relative IB_VO2, IB_V, and MAOD (q ≤ 0.047), while mean power remained associated with absolute and relative IB_VO2 and MAOD (q ≤ 0.047). No statistically significant association was detected between V̇O_2max and either MAOD or the IB phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the IB phase may be a potential physiological indicator associated with anaerobic capacity in athletes. A high buffering capacity may allow anaerobic glycolysis to persist longer, thereby providing greater anaerobic capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1947289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic interactions of diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy in skeletal muscle metabolism: evidence and translational perspectives.","authors":"Yan Wang, Mengran Qin, Xuezhi Liu, Jianxiong Ma","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1957316","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1957316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle plays a central role in whole-body energy homeostasis, metabolic flexibility, and insulin sensitivity, acting as a key integrator of nutritional, mechanical, and pharmacological signals. Although diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy are often investigated as separate interventions, they converge on shared regulatory pathways in skeletal muscle, including nutrient sensing, mechanotransduction, mitochondrial quality control, inflammatory remodeling, and anabolic-catabolic balance. Through core signaling networks such as AMPK-mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, and insulin/AKT pathways, these interventions may interact in additive, complementary, synergistic, or antagonistic manners depending on physiological status, disease context, baseline metabolic condition, and intervention timing. This Review critically integrates current evidence on how diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy regulate skeletal muscle metabolism across aging, metabolic disease, and adaptive physiological states. We propose a muscle-centered integrative framework organized around five major regulatory domains: substrate utilization and metabolic flexibility, mitochondrial remodeling, protein turnover, inflammatory control, and regenerative capacity. Within this framework, we highlight how intervention responses are shaped by key biological and clinical modulators, including age, disease state, muscle fiber composition, training status, nutritional background, and baseline metabolic health. Importantly, we distinguish findings supported by human studies from those derived primarily from preclinical or mechanistic models, thereby emphasizing differences in translational reliability. Finally, we discuss current limitations in interpreting combined interventions and outline future directions for precision-oriented strategies that integrate nutrition, exercise, and pharmacotherapy to optimize skeletal muscle function and systemic metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1957316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amine-responsive Rhodopsin-like GPCRs in ocular pathology: mechanistic associations, candidate biomarkers, and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Han Yu, Jia Li, Jike Song, Hongsheng Bi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1923694","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1923694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a pivotal role in ophthalmic pathologies, and recent studies have substantially advanced our understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. Amine-responsive Rhodopsin-like GPCRs (ARh-GPCRs), encompassing adrenoceptors, dopamine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, histamine receptors, serotonin receptors, melatonin receptors, and trace amine-associated receptors, are involved in a variety of ocular pathological processes and have emerged as key therapeutic targets. Elucidating their functional roles, alongside those of their ligands and downstream signaling macromolecules, holds considerable potential for the development of candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease classification, prognostication, and predicting treatment response in specific ocular disorders. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive integration of their dual candidate biomarker-therapeutic roles across diverse ocular disorders remains largely unexplored. This narrative review summarizes and critically integrates current evidence on the regulatory roles and therapeutic potential of these receptors in ocular pathologies, with particular attention to their mechanistic involvement, candidate biomarker potential, and therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, we summarize the current research limitations and propose future directions to enhance the understanding of their molecular mechanisms, ultimately facilitating the development of precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1923694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}