Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Pre-sleep heart rate variability predicts chronic insomnia and measures of sleep continuity in national-level athletes.","authors":"Qinlong Li, Xiaochen Lei, Wenlang Yu, Charles J Steward, Yue Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1627287","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1627287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether pre-sleep heart rate variability (HRV) could predict chronic insomnia (CI) and sleep quality in male national-level team-based athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 174 athletes participated in this study, including 98 with CI and 76 exhibiting normal sleeping patterns. Pre-sleep HRV was assessed using heart rate chest straps, and sleep quality was evaluated through polysomnography (PSG) before a single night's sleep. Binary logistic regression was first used to predict CI. Multiple linear regression and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network models were then used to predict measures of sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Binary logistic regression revealed that measures of pre-sleep HRV accurately predict CI (<i>R</i> ² = 0.902 and 96% accuracy, AUC = 0.997). Multiple linear regression showed that pre-sleep HRV had a moderate predictive capacity for time awake (<i>R</i> ² = 0.526, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and sleep efficiency (<i>R</i> ² = 0.481, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The multiple linear regression model's predicted values for sleep onset latency (r = 0.459, <i>P</i> < 0.01), sleep efficiency (r = 0.554, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and deep sleep time (r = 0.536, <i>P</i> < 0.001) showed moderate positive correlations with the corresponding actual values, whereas the MLP neural network's predictions were not significantly correlated with the actual values. In contrast, the MLP neural network model was superior at predicting time awake when compared to the multiple linear regression model (MLP: mean absolute percentage error = 0.182 vs. Multiple linear regression: mean absolute percentage error = 0.516).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings support the use of pre-sleep HRV not only to predict CI, but also some sleep continuity measures in national level athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1627287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic responses to <i>Baduanjin</i> exercise and cycle ergometer exercise among chronic heart failure patients: a comparison.","authors":"Xiankun Chen, Xiaoyue Hu, Thomas P Olson, Yaqi Qiu, Huiying Zhu, Zehuai Wen, Huayang Cai, Weihui Lu, Wei Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1620785","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1620785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Baduanjin</i> is a traditional Chinese exercise and serves as an alternative to conventional cardiac rehabilitation in China. In this study, we compare the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic responses of <i>Baduanjin</i> to those of cycle ergometer exercise in chronic heart failure patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this cross-sectional study design, following baseline data collection, participants underwent a series of tests including impedance cardiography (ICG) and a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to determine peak exercise capacity. Participants then engaged in 9-min of <i>Baduanjin</i> exercise. The average oxygen consumption (EqualVO₂) during <i>Baduanjin</i> was calculated. Participants then engaged 9 min of constant-load cycling at 60 rpm at an intensity which elicited the EqualVO₂. Cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic data were measured continuously during both Baduanjin and cycling exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 participants were included. Although <i>Baduanjin</i> and cycling exercise showed similar VO₂ levels (8.2 ± 1.3 vs. 8.4 ± 1.4, <i>p</i> = 0.339, respectively), there was a bimodal distribution during <i>Baduanjin</i> exercise compared to a unimodal distribution during cycling exercise. Compared to conventional cycling, <i>Baduanjin</i> demonstrated lower respiratory burden which is associated with greater ventilatory efficiency as evidenced by lower respiratory rate values (<i>p</i> = 0.003), minute ventilation (<i>p</i> < 0.001), end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In terms of hemodynamic response, <i>Baduanjin</i> is demonstrated significantly lower cardiac output (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and elevated arterial-venous oxygen difference (<i>p</i> = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study offers novel insight into the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic differences between <i>Baduanjin</i> and cycling when performed at consistent intensity levels. <i>Baduanjin</i> demonstrates an intermittent intensity pattern and increased peripheral oxygen utilization, which is attributed to more pronounced muscle activation. Furthermore, <i>Baduanjin</i> has been linked to a reduction in both cardiac and respiratory burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1620785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cold water intake on heart rate variability in young women: the co-activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.","authors":"Isidora Knežević, Borislav Tapavički, Vuk Vukosavljević, Nemanja Maletin, David Ivanov, Milica Vuletić, Dragan Burić, Otto Barak","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1627110","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1627110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the autonomic nervous system's (ANS) influence on heart rate control. Daily essential activities, such as water ingestion, affect HRV. This study aims to investigate the effect of cold water intake on HRV in young, healthy females.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen healthy young females participated in the study during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. R-R intervals were recorded using an ECG, 5 min before and 35 min after the ingestion. We used <i>LabChart</i> to determine HRV parameters from time (HR, rMSSD, pRR50) and frequency (LF, HF) domains. Data were processed in <i>JASP</i> using repeated-measures <i>ANOVA</i> to compare parameters across five different 5-min ECG segments. A <i>post hoc Bonferroni</i> test revealed specific time points where significant differences occurred.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences were found in all HRV parameters. The <i>post hoc</i> test revealed differences between pre-ingestion and post-ingestion intervals, while no significant differences were found among the post-ingestion periods. Both branches of the ANS were activated. A statistically significant increase in LF, indicating sympathetic activation, and in rMSSD and pRR50 components, reflecting parasympathetic activity, was observed immediately after cold water ingestion compared to the pre-ingestion period. HF became statistically significantly higher 10 min after cold water ingestion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In young healthy females, the ANS responds coordinately to cold water ingestion, activating both branches to maintain homeostasis, preventing heat loss through sympathetic activation and limiting excessive increases in blood pressure and heart rate via parasympathetic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1627110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximal isometric and eccentric hamstring strength is influenced by body mass and additional load: Does the critical point at which peak knee flexor force is achieved play a role?","authors":"Andrew Rinaldi Sinulingga, Erika Zemková","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1654030","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1654030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isometric (ISO) and eccentric (ECC) hamstring tests are used to assess peak force at various knee angles. However, it is unknown to what extent body weight influences the so-called \"critical point\" at which individuals achieve their maximal knee flexor force production. This study compared (1) the peak force during maximum voluntary isometric contraction at 60^o knee flexion without body weight, with body weight and with added weight, and (2) the eccentric knee flexor strength during Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) up to 60^o of knee flexion with body weight and added weight, as well as up to an angle of 20^o with body weight only. The relationship between peak isometric strength in all loading conditions and eccentric strength during NHE performed to different knee angles was also investigated. 22 male athletes (age 21.7 ± 4.3 years, height 181.6 ± 7.5 cm, body mass 75.4 ± 8.5 kg) completed i) maximal efforts on isometric knee flexion at 60° (ISO60), with body weight (ISO60-BW), and with 5 kg medicine ball (ISO60-BW + AW), ii) NHE with lean forward from 90^o to 60° with body weight (ECC60-BW) and a 5 kg medicine ball (ECC60-BW + AW), and iii) NHE with lean forward up to 20^o with body weight (ECC20). Results showed higher peak force during ISO60-BW + AW compared to ISO60-BW (24.2 N, 6.5%, p = 0.012), and ISO60 (42.1 N, 11.6%, p = 0.000). The added 5 kg (ECC60-BW + AW) produced greater eccentric force compared to body weight (ECC60-BW) (17.9 N, 6.4%; p = 0.03). However, there was no significant difference between NHE with body weight and added weight, irrespective of the subject's ability to achieve a final position of 20^o of knee flexion. Relative eccentric force was higher in participants who achieved 20° than in those who reached their critical point at 45° of knee flexion (p = 0.001, d = 1.89). Peak isometric force in all three conditions significantly correlated with NHE peak force at 45° (r = 0.79-0.90) and 20° of knee flexion (r = 0.71-0.77), explaining 62%-81% and 49%-58% of the variance, respectively. These findings indicate that isometric and eccentric measures of hamstring strength are interdependent. However, eccentric hamstring strength during NHE is more dependent on maximal hamstring strength when this exercise is performed to a critical point of 45° than 20° of knee flexion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1654030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minoxidil and nebivolol restore aortic elastic fiber homeostasis in diabetic mice via potassium channel activation.","authors":"Auberi Henry, Laetitia Vanalderwiert, Floriane Oszust, Amandine Wahart, Daniel A Carvajal Berrio, Eva M Brauchle, Katja Schenke-Layland, Juergen Brinckmann, Heiko Steenbock, Laurent Debelle, Isabelle Six, Gilles Faury, Stéphane Jaisson, Philippe Gillery, Vincent Durlarch, Hervé Sartelet, Pascal Maurice, Amar Bennasroune, Laurent Martiny, Laurent Duca, Béatrice Romier, Sébastien Blaise","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1648727","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1648727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic patients experience a significant reduction in life expectancy, primarily due to early cardiovascular complications. A key feature is the premature degradation of elastic fibers (EFs), contributing to vascular stiffness.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the capacity of two antihypertensive agents, minoxidil (a KATP channel opener) and nebivolol (a β-blocker with KATP activity), to restore EF homeostasis and arterial elasticity in diabetic mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice are treated with two antihypertensive agents: minoxidil (an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener) or nebivolol (a β-blocker also active on KATP channels). The degree of wear and functionality of EF are assessed after these treatments. We complement this analysis by identifying molecular actors from smooth muscle cell cultures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data show that by applying these antihypertensive agents in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells <i>in vitro</i> and in diabetic mice, we efficiently stimulate elastogenesis and inhibit elastolysis. Therefore, treatments restore functional EFs and limit their degradation. This brings blood pressure values of diseased mice close to normal ones (as in unaffected mice). Elastogenesis pathway stimulation and elastolysis inhibition are induced by the opening of sensitive KATP channels and the regulation of the forkhead box transcription factor (FOXO1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Minoxidil and nebivolol restore EF integrity and limit vascular aging in diabetic mice via K+ channel opening and FOXO1 repression. These findings highlight potassium channel-FOXO1 signaling as a therapeutic axis to counteract diabetic vascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1648727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human red blood cell ATP content and export under hypoxic and/or isocapnic storage conditions.","authors":"Youwei Chen, Cole Darrow, Aidan Murray, Thomas Wise, Zhong Lucas Li, Nisha Srivastava, Hongmei Zhu, Ian J Welsby, Tatsuro Yoshida, Tim J McMahon","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1641343","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1641343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In some diseases driving or associated with anemia, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion conveys limited benefit, and only when the anemia is severe. The banking of RBCs alters key molecules and functions. Among these changes during blood banking, depletion of the allosteric effector 2,3-BPG (biphosphoglycerate) takes place in the first two to 3 weeks, while ATP depletion only becomes prominent in the fifth or sixth (i.e., final) weeks of storage. One approach to testing the significance of these changes is to test the effects <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> of stabilizing key molecules. We hypothesized that hypoxic RBC storage, which can stabilize RBC BPG and ATP generation, could in turn stabilize the ability of RBCs to export vasoactive ATP, an activity that modulates RBC functions including O₂ delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a parallel study of conventional RBCs, hypoxically stored (Hemanext) RBCs (\"HN-Std RBCs\"), and CO₂-preserved, hypoxically stored RBCs (\"HN + CO₂ RBCs\").</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Standard hypoxic RBC storage boosted RBC ATP content, peaking in mid-storage. The time course of P₅₀ (a measure of RBC Hb O₂ affinity) changes in hypoxically stored RBCs corresponded to that of superior preservation of BPG, peaking in the first one to 2 weeks of storage. CO₂-preserved hypoxic RBCs preserved ATP within the first week of storage, but with little effect on BPG or P₅₀ at any time point. ATP export from RBCs assessed in normoxia or hypoxia declined over storage time, and generally did not differ significantly as a function of hypoxic storage ± CO₂ preservation. An exception was the 1-week timepoint, when ATP export was significantly greater by HN + CO₂ stored RBCs than by HN-Std stored RBCs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate time-dependent, differential modulation of RBC ATP and BPG by hypoxic RBC storage with or without CO₂ preservation. Overall, hypoxic RBC storage ± CO₂ preservation neither promotes nor restricts RBC ATP export to a large extent as compared to conventional RBC storage. Given that transfusion of hypoxically stored RBCs can be advantageous, future studies can test whether the differential and time-dependent effects on ATP, BPG and P₅₀ can be leveraged for context-specific or personalized decision-making around RBC transfusion for anemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1641343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in adolescent and adult female team sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Gesheng Lin, Ruli Zhang, Kai Wu, Beiwang Deng, Yuer Shi, Wenwei Huang, Jiaxin He, Jian Sun","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1639477","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1639477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of plyometric training (PT) on various physical fitness outcomes in adolescent and adult female team sport athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across four electronic databases from inception to April 2025. Data analyses were performed using the meta and metafor packages in R version 4.4.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 studies were included, involving 175 soccer players, 141 basketball players, 103 handball players, and 77 volleyball players. Compared with control groups, PT significantly improved countermovement jump (CMJ) height (ES: adolescents = 0.89; adults = 0.54) and change-of-direction (COD) performance (ES: adolescents = -1.42; adults = -0.86) in both adolescent and adult female athletes. However, significant improvement in 20-m sprint performance was observed only in adolescents (ES: adolescents = -0.99; adults = -0.32). Subgroup analyses showed that, compared to lower training accumulation, adolescents exhibited significantly greater improvements in CMJ height when the training duration was ≥9 weeks or the total sessions were ≥16. For COD performance, significantly greater improvements were observed when the training duration was ≥9 weeks, the total sessions were ≥18, and the total ground contacts were ≥1260.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PT can significantly improve CMJ height and COD performance in both adolescent and adult female athletes, and significantly enhance sprint performance in adolescents. Compared to adults, adolescents demonstrate greater responsiveness to PT and are more sensitive to training accumulation.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>identifier CRD420251041817.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1639477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in chronic stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lang Huang, Jia-Mei Zhang, Zi-Ting Bi, Jing-Hua Xiao, Jing-Xue Wei, Jian Huang, Chao-Song Luo, Ying-Dong Li, Yue-Mi Zhang, Yun-Shan Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1642262","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1642262","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Respiratory muscle training is a structured intervention targeting the respiratory muscles, yet its effect on chronic stroke patients remains unclear. The study evaluated the influence of this training on respiratory function, exercise capacity and quality of life among individuals who experienced chronic strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study adhered to the PRISMA statement guidelines. A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted without date limitations, extending until 8 March 2025. The search targeted randomised controlled trials that involved: 1) chronic stroke patients (≥18 years, diagnosed for &gt;3 months), 2) respiratory muscle training encompasses both inspiratory and expiratory muscle training, and 3) outcomes measuring the strength and endurance of respiratory muscle, pulmonary function testing, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Two separate reviewers conducted the screening for eligibility, gathered data, and evaluated both the methodological quality and potential risk of bias. Meta-analyses utilized RevMan version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, United Kingdom), applying random-effects models to calculate mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Nine studies were included, comprising 288 participants (143 males and 145 females) with a mean age of 58.5 years. For primary outcomes, respiratory muscle training significantly enhanced maximal inspiratory pressure (MD = 17.71 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 10.19-25.23) and respiratory muscle endurance (MD = 20.58 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 12.25-28.92) among chronic stroke patients, but no significant effects were observed for maximal expiratory pressure (MD = 11.37 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: -0.78-25.23). The subgroup analysis revealed that the combination of inspiratory muscle training and expiratory muscle training enhanced maximal inspiratory pressure (MD = 23.47 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 3.65-43.30) and respiratory muscle endurance (MD = 34.00 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 21.21-46.79), while inspiratory muscle training improved maximal inspiratory pressure (MD = 14.09 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 7.57-20.62), maximal expiratory pressure (MD = 8.69 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 0.63-16.75), and respiratory muscle endurance (MD = 16.69 cmH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, 95% CI: 10.27-23.11). For secondary outcomes, significant improvements occurred in forced expiratory volume in 1s (MD = 0.25 L, 95% CI: 0.06-0.44) and peak expiratory flow (MD = 0.84 L/s, 95% CI: 0.31-1.37), but not in forced vital capacity (MD = 0.16 L, 95% CI: -0.08-0.41), exercise capacity (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI: -0.03-0.61), and quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Respiratory muscle training effectively enhances primary outcomes, including maximal inspiratory pressure and respiratory muscle endurance, as well as","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1642262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological relevance of potentially toxic metals in freshwater fish.","authors":"Anton Kovacik, Marek Helczman, Marian Tomka, Tomas Jambor, Eva Kovacikova, Julius Arvay","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1609555","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1609555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trace elements are essential for a number of physiological functions including oxygen transfer, enzymatic reactions and antioxidant protection of the animal organism. Elevated concentrations outside the physiological optimum, on the other hand, can cause undesirable health complications, disrupt metabolic pathways, reproductive capacity, or oxidative balance. The negative anthropogenic impacts on the environment are alarming and the impacts on the aquatic environment have been increasing disproportionately in recent years. Against this background, all potential threats to biota need to be explained and better understood, the possible risks need to be better informed and understood, and a balance needs to be struck between the fundamental nature and the harmful effects of these metals. This mini-review examines the roles of potentially toxic metals including cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) in fish physiology. This document also elucidates the mechanisms underlying the assessment of regulatory processes, the potential negative consequences of overexposure, the interactions of these metals on fish health, and in the environmental context.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1609555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic thermal manipulation improved early immunity in broiler chickens.","authors":"Sadid Al Amaz, Suman Poudel, Bal Krishna Pandey, Suresh Burlakoti, Rajesh Jha, Birendra Mishra","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1670073","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1670073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunity in chickens is age-dependent and develops gradually over time. The initial defense by the host is a crucial mechanism for combating microbial infections. Embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) represents a promising approach for sustainable broiler production. Our previous work provided significant insights into the effects of TM on embryonic thermotolerance, metabolism, growth performance, microbial diversity, and immunity. This follow-up study used a subset of hatchlings previously used in our TM-related studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of TM on immunity-related genes in the spleen, bursa, and thymus. A total of 600 fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 days. After candling, 238 eggs underwent TM at 38.5 °C from embryonic day (ED) 12-18, then transferred to a hatcher at 37.5 °C from ED 19 to 21, while 236 eggs were incubated at 37.5 °C throughout till 21 days. After hatching, 60-day-old unsexed chicks were housed in 12 pens (10 birds/pen, 6 replicates per treatment). The treatments included 1) Control and 2) TM. All birds were raised under standard conditions for the first 21 days. In the spleen, at d 7, the TM group showed significantly lower expression of cytokines (<i>IL-10, IL-12, IL-18), TLRs</i> (<i>TLR-1, TLR-2A, TLR-4, TLR-21</i>), and signaling markers (<i>TBK-1, CD-3, NF-κB, TGF-β, TGF-β3</i>) compared to the Control. At d 21, TM birds exhibited significantly lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) expression of <i>IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ</i>, and <i>AvBD-6</i>, while <i>TLR-2A</i> and <i>TGF-β3</i> were significantly upregulated compared to the Control group. In bursa, at d 7, the TM group showed significantly higher expression of <i>IL-1β, TLR-5, TLR-15, TLR-21, IFN-α,</i> and <i>NF-κB</i>, while <i>IL-6</i> was significantly downregulated. At d 14, <i>IL-18</i> was significantly upregulated, and <i>TLR-21</i> was significantly downregulated in the TM group. At d 21, <i>IL8L1, IL-10, TLR-1,</i> and <i>CD-45</i> were significantly upregulated, whereas <i>NF-κB</i> expression was significantly downregulated compared to the Control group. In the thymus, at d 14, <i>TLR15</i> was significantly higher, and at d 21, <i>IL-10</i> was significantly lower in the TM compared to the Control group. In conclusion, embryonic TM enhanced early immune gene expression in broilers by upregulating essential immune-related genes in the spleen, bursa, and thymus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1670073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}