Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal neuromonitoring-guided cerebral protection and early neurocognitive outcomes after aortic arch surgery.","authors":"Xue Zhang, Xuan Jing, Ruixia Hao, Na Xu, Chunmin Zhang, Dong Wang, Wei Liu, Pengting Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1948101","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1948101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Open aortic arch surgery exposes patients to hypothermic circulatory arrest, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, rewarming, and arch-vessel manipulation. Postoperative delirium and early cognitive decline remain clinically important complications. Because single-modality cerebral oximetry cannot fully capture perioperative cerebral physiological burden, this study evaluated whether a multimodal neuromonitoring-guided cerebral-protection protocol was associated with lower cerebral physiological burden and improved early neurocognitive outcomes after aortic arch surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center cohort study screened consecutive adult patients who underwent open aortic arch surgery from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2026. Patients treated from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023 formed the conventional cerebral-protection cohort, and patients treated from January 1, 2024 to April 30, 2026 formed the multimodal-guided cohort. The guided protocol used bilateral near-infrared spectroscopy, processed electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler, and cerebral oximetry index-derived autoregulation monitoring to trigger correction of perfusion pressure, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion flow, cannula position, PaCO<sub>2</sub>, hemoglobin, anesthetic depth, and rewarming speed. The primary outcome was postoperative delirium within postoperative days 1-5. The main secondary cognitive outcome was MoCA-defined 30-day cognitive decline. Inverse probability weighting and multivariable regression were used to address baseline imbalance and calendar-period confounding. A patient-level segmented time-series model was also used to estimate the pre-implementation temporal slope, the immediate level change at protocol implementation, and the post-implementation slope change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final cohort included 186 patients, with 92 in the conventional cohort and 94 in the multimodal-guided cohort. The guided cohort had lower absolute rSO<sub>2</sub> burden, shorter EEG suppression burden, and shorter duration with impaired cerebral autoregulation. Postoperative delirium occurred in 36 of 92 patients in the conventional cohort and 14 of 94 patients in the guided cohort. MoCA-defined 30-day cognitive decline occurred in 31 of 83 patients with available follow-up in the conventional cohort and 10 of 90 patients in the guided cohort. In weighted adjusted models, the guided cohort was associated with lower odds of postoperative delirium (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.77) and lower odds of 30-day cognitive decline (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.75). The delirium association was attenuated after adding intraoperative cerebral physiological burden variables. In segmented analyses, neither outcome showed a significant pre-implementation trend; protocol implementation was associated with an immediate reduction in the odds of postoperative delirium (level-change OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1948101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the isocapnic buffering phase and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit in athletes.","authors":"Muhammed Ay, Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Burcu Özdemir, Abdullah Kılcı, Ömer Cumhur Boyraz, Özgür Günaştı, Mustafa Oğuzhan Akbulut, Çiğdem Özdemir Postallı, Ertuğrul Gezgin, Erkan Tiyekli, Kerem Özgünen, Sanlı Sadi Kurdak","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1947289","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1947289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the isocapnic buffering (IB) phase and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) in athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two active male athletes (19.7 ± 1.4 years) participated in an incremental test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O_2max), the intensity associated with V̇O_2max (vVO_2max), the anaerobic threshold (AT), the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and IB, 6 submaximal efforts to construct the V̇O₂-velocity relationship, a supramaximal effort to determine MAOD, and the Wingate Anaerobic test. The IB was calculated as the difference in both oxygen uptake (IB_VO2) and running velocity (IBv) between the RCP and AT, and expressed in absolute or relative values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAOD was positively associated with absolute and relative IB_VO2 and IB_V (rs=0.825, 0.753, 0.675, and 0.630, respectively; all Holm-adjusted p ≤ 0.002). In exploratory analyses, peak power remained associated after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment with absolute and relative IB_VO2, IB_V, and MAOD (q ≤ 0.047), while mean power remained associated with absolute and relative IB_VO2 and MAOD (q ≤ 0.047). No statistically significant association was detected between V̇O_2max and either MAOD or the IB phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the IB phase may be a potential physiological indicator associated with anaerobic capacity in athletes. A high buffering capacity may allow anaerobic glycolysis to persist longer, thereby providing greater anaerobic capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1947289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic interactions of diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy in skeletal muscle metabolism: evidence and translational perspectives.","authors":"Yan Wang, Mengran Qin, Xuezhi Liu, Jianxiong Ma","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1957316","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1957316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle plays a central role in whole-body energy homeostasis, metabolic flexibility, and insulin sensitivity, acting as a key integrator of nutritional, mechanical, and pharmacological signals. Although diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy are often investigated as separate interventions, they converge on shared regulatory pathways in skeletal muscle, including nutrient sensing, mechanotransduction, mitochondrial quality control, inflammatory remodeling, and anabolic-catabolic balance. Through core signaling networks such as AMPK-mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, and insulin/AKT pathways, these interventions may interact in additive, complementary, synergistic, or antagonistic manners depending on physiological status, disease context, baseline metabolic condition, and intervention timing. This Review critically integrates current evidence on how diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy regulate skeletal muscle metabolism across aging, metabolic disease, and adaptive physiological states. We propose a muscle-centered integrative framework organized around five major regulatory domains: substrate utilization and metabolic flexibility, mitochondrial remodeling, protein turnover, inflammatory control, and regenerative capacity. Within this framework, we highlight how intervention responses are shaped by key biological and clinical modulators, including age, disease state, muscle fiber composition, training status, nutritional background, and baseline metabolic health. Importantly, we distinguish findings supported by human studies from those derived primarily from preclinical or mechanistic models, thereby emphasizing differences in translational reliability. Finally, we discuss current limitations in interpreting combined interventions and outline future directions for precision-oriented strategies that integrate nutrition, exercise, and pharmacotherapy to optimize skeletal muscle function and systemic metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1957316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amine-responsive Rhodopsin-like GPCRs in ocular pathology: mechanistic associations, candidate biomarkers, and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Han Yu, Jia Li, Jike Song, Hongsheng Bi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1923694","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1923694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a pivotal role in ophthalmic pathologies, and recent studies have substantially advanced our understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. Amine-responsive Rhodopsin-like GPCRs (ARh-GPCRs), encompassing adrenoceptors, dopamine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, histamine receptors, serotonin receptors, melatonin receptors, and trace amine-associated receptors, are involved in a variety of ocular pathological processes and have emerged as key therapeutic targets. Elucidating their functional roles, alongside those of their ligands and downstream signaling macromolecules, holds considerable potential for the development of candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease classification, prognostication, and predicting treatment response in specific ocular disorders. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive integration of their dual candidate biomarker-therapeutic roles across diverse ocular disorders remains largely unexplored. This narrative review summarizes and critically integrates current evidence on the regulatory roles and therapeutic potential of these receptors in ocular pathologies, with particular attention to their mechanistic involvement, candidate biomarker potential, and therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, we summarize the current research limitations and propose future directions to enhance the understanding of their molecular mechanisms, ultimately facilitating the development of precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1923694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A \"thermodynamic\" model of synergistic interaction of human elbow flexor muscles during simultaneous change in their length and force.","authors":"Alexander Kostyukov, Andriy Gorkovenko, Elena Kolosova","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1904516","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1904516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Muscle hysteresis reflects nonlinear changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity during isolated changes in the length and force of individual muscles. However, previous studies have primarily considered changes in individual muscle state variables, whereas the hysteresis behavior associated with <i>simultaneous</i> changes in muscle length and force, remains insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a mathematical model of EMG responses to simultaneous changes in muscle force and length using population-averaged experimental data from the authors' previously published study. Characterizing the history-dependent relationship among muscle activation, force, and length may contribute to adaptive control strategies for robot-aided rehabilitation, with potential applications in the assessment of motor dysfunction and rehabilitation personalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mathematical model was developed to describe the intensity of EMG signals from human elbow flexor muscles during <i>simultaneous</i> changes in muscle force and length. EMG signals and muscle state parameters were obtained from ten participants during a combination of externally controlled joint movements and active force generation under visual biofeedback. The framework of time-averaged derivatives of muscle state parameters was used to derive algorithms for estimating the activation intensity of synergistic muscles during motor tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T-model (\"thermodynamic\" model) was developed based on the functional interdependence of three key parameters: muscle length, force, and the intensity of incoming activation. Algorithms were proposed to predict the activation intensity of synergistic muscles performing motor tasks involving simultaneous changes in muscle force and length. The results show that the use of time-averaged derivatives of muscle state parameters provides a close approximation of central motor commands, with COD values ≥0.9389 across the tested conditions. The analysis demonstrates that the amplitude of hysteresis effects increases with <i>coinciding</i> changes in muscle force and length and decreases when these changes are <i>opposing</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modeling results demonstrate that hysteresis in agonist muscle groups is strongly dependent on the interaction between <i>simultaneous</i> changes in muscle force and length. These findings highlight the importance of considering coupled force-length dynamics in the analysis of neuromuscular control and provide a basis for further applications of muscle hysteresis analysis in motor control and rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1904516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced serum adiponectin and exercise predict depression in chronic heart failure patients and affect depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model.","authors":"Hui Yang, Qian Du, Fang Zeng, Biao Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1835186","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1835186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is frequently comorbid with depression and anxiety. Currently, we aim to investigate the association between serum adiponectin levels and depression among patients with CHF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 119 patients with HF in a tertiary hospital in southern China were enrolled. All patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) upon discharge. Serum levels of adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin A, and BDNF were measured. On the basis of PHQ-9 scores, HF patients were divided into non-Dep, mild-Dep, moderate-Dep, and severe-Dep groups. Differences in the levels of cardiac markers and serum mediators between the non/mild-Dep group and the moderate/severe-Dep group were analyzed using weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. An HF C57BL/6 mouse model of depression was established. AdipoRon, an orally active adiponectin receptor agonist, was administered to the mouse model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 119 patients with CHF were categorized into non-Dep (n=35), mild-Dep (n=46), moderate-Dep (n=20), and severe-Dep groups (n=18). Compared with those in the non-Dep group, adiponectin levels in the Dep group were significantly lower and correlated with increased depression severity in HF patients. Weighted univariate and multivariate regression analyses indicated that adiponectin (OR = 0.719; 95% CI: 0.531-0.975) and exercise duration (OR = 0.655; 95% CI: 0.489-0.877) were potential predictors of CHF comorbid with depression. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between adiponectin levels and exercise frequency/duration, whereas negative correlations were found between depression scores and exercise frequency/duration. Sensitivity analyses with stepwise exclusion of high-risk subgroups (diabetes, systemic inflammation, and severe HF) revealed a significant association between exercise duration and depression. In a depression model in MI mice, serum adiponectin levels were decreased. Compared with single-treatment approaches, the combination of adiponectin receptor agonists and exercise intervention effectively improved depressive-like behaviors in mice and regulated related biomarker levels, with superior effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced serum adiponectin levels and exercise activity were associated with increased odds of having CHF comorbid with depression. Activation of the adiponectin/AdipoR1 pathway combined with exercise intervention has potential benefits for the prevention of depression in patients with HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1835186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of acute prolonged swimming on skeletal muscle metabolism in different muscle types of rats after nine days of dexamethasone treatment.","authors":"Damian Jozef Flis, Bartosz Cedro, Alicja Piekarska, Andzelika Borkowska, Malgorzata Halon-Golabek, Ewa Rodziewicz-Flis, Jedrzej Antosiewicz, Wieslaw Ziolkowski","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1890376","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1890376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study investigated the effec of dexamethasone (Dex) treatment, acute prolonged swimming, and their combination on skeletal muscle mass, oxidative stress, iron metabolism, and AKT-mediated signaling in two muscle types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were divided into four groups (n=8 per group): intraperitoneal saline or Dex (1mg/kg/day) treatment for 9 days (non-exercised and exercised). Animals in exercise groups underwent a 4-day preparatory swimming procedure followed by a single 3h swimming session. The soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were collected, weighed, and used for analysis. We assessed lipid and protein peroxidation markers, catalase activity, iron-metabolism proteins, and AKT-dependent proteolysis and synthesis pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine days of Dex treatment significantly reduced SOL (-12%, p<0.01) and EDL (-15%, p<0.001) mass, accompanied by oxidative stress (increased protein peroxidation, p<0.001) and alterations in iron metabolism: increased FH (SOL: +88%, p<0.01, EDL: +80%, p<0.01) and decreased PCBP1 (SOL: -59%, p<0.001, EDL: -33%, p<0.05). Dex treatment also affected proteins involved in synthesis and proteolysis pathways: in SOL, lowered total AKT (-22%, p<0.05) and pmTOR (-24%, p<0.05); in EDL, decreased MuRF-1 (-30%, p<0.01) and total mTOR (-24%, p<0.01), highlighting mechanisms underlying muscle loss. In saline-treated rats, acute prolonged swimming, following 4 days of preparatory exercise, did not affect SOL and EDL mass or oxidative stress markers. However, in SOL, swimming reduced PCBP1 (-43%, p<0.001), decreased total AKT (-33%, p<0.01) and pAKT (-47%, p<0.01), increased Atrogin-1 levels (+38%, p<0.001), and decreased pmTOR (-52%, p<0.001) and p70S6K levels (-47%, p<0.05). In EDL, swimming lowered MuRF-1 levels (-23%, p<0.01), indicating specific responses to exercise across muscle types. Dex-induced muscle mass loss was lower after a 4-day preparatory exercise procedure followed by prolonged exercise (p<0.001 for both muscles). Swimming in Dex-treated rats decreased pAKT (-52%, p<0.01) in SOL and increased pmTOR (+52%, p<0.01) in EDL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dex treatment reduces skeletal muscle mass, regardless of fiber composition. These changes relate to oxidative stress and an imbalance in iron metabolism, but differences between muscle types in the proteolysis/synthesis signaling pathway highlight contrasting responses across muscle types. Acute prolonged swimming, preceded by a 4-day preparatory procedure, attenuates the adverse effects of Dex treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1890376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of carbon dioxide hydrate cryotherapy on knee flexor muscle function recovery trajectory after muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Rina Watabe, Daigo Shiozaki, Kohei Ono, Kosuke Hirata, Ryota Akagi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1924770","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1924770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the effects of carbon dioxide hydrate (CDH) cryotherapy on the recovery trajectories of muscle function and physiological markers following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) of the knee flexors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized parallel-group design, 24 young men were assigned to the CDH, conventional icing (ICE), or non-intervention control (CON) group (n = 8 per group). To induce muscle damage, participants performed 10 sets of eight maximal eccentric contractions of the knee flexors in a prone position (knee joint range: 75°-15° of flexion at 60°/s; 0° = the fully extended anatomical position). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the knee flexors was measured at 30° of knee flexion at baseline (PRE), immediately post-exercise (POST), and at 4.5, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h post-exercise. Secondary outcomes, including thigh circumference, hip joint range of motion (ROM), and hamstring muscle stiffness and pressure-induced soreness were assessed at all time points except POST. A 20-min intervention was administered after each assessment from POST to 72 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for PRE values, revealed no significant group × time interactions for changes from PRE in any outcome across post-exercise time points (POST to 168 h for MVIC torque; 4.5 to 168 h for secondary outcomes; <i>p</i> = 0.177-0.914). A significant main effect of group was observed only for hip joint ROM (<i>p</i> = 0.039). <i>Post-hoc</i> comparisons revealed a significantly greater overall reduction from PRE in the CDH group than in the CON group (difference: 10.3°, 95% CI: 3.0° to 17.6°, <i>p</i> = 0.017), with no significant differences between the other group pairs (both <i>p</i> = 0.131). Given the multi-outcome testing, this isolated effect should be interpreted as exploratory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Under the present experimental conditions, CDH cryotherapy did not accelerate the recovery of muscle function or attenuate secondary markers following EIMD relative to conventional icing or no intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1924770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised learning-based optimization of college students' fundamental capacity evaluation method.","authors":"Lei Jiang, Jinxi Zhang, Youwei Zhang, Yanan Gao, Rufeng Su, Zhixiong Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1921534","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1921534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Fundamental Capacity Screen (FCS) is a standardized method for assessing athletic performance and fundamental capacity (FC). However, its current framework lacks refinement, yielding qualitative and insufficiently detailed results that hinder precise athletic training and performance evaluation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study employs unsupervised learning to refine FC evaluation, enhancing its objectivity and scientific rigor by providing a more data-driven and interpretable approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 123 college students (61 males, mean age 20.42 ± 1.88 years; 62 females, mean age 20.35 ± 1.85 years) regarding FC test indicators were initially subjected to a factor analysis (FA) model to identify underlying factors. Hierarchical clustering was then performed on the first factor. Based on these results, relevant rules of abilities were established, and principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the dimensionality of multidimensional indicators. Finally, the entropy weight method was used to calculate and adjust the scores of each ability, and the scores were summarized and classified by percentile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FA revealed 3 distinct factors (jumping ability, upper limb ability, and lower limb ability) that together explained 0.8569 of the total variance. The hierarchical clustering dendrogram indicated that jumping ability could be further subdivided. Based on this, 5 ability categories were defined: upper limb balance control, lower limb balance control, core-mediated transfer control, explosive control, and impact control. The composite scores were categorized into 5 intervals: poor, pass, good, excellent, and outstanding. The depicted radar map shows the median characteristics of the composite scores of different abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results demonstrate that unsupervised learning provides a more intuitive and objective framework for FC assessment, offering a novel perspective for athletic performance evaluation and training optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1921534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaempferol ameliorates gestational diabetes mellitus by regulating STAT3-associated AIM2 inflammasome activation and ferroptotic injury in trophoblasts.","authors":"Ronghui Liu, Qiqi Liu, Lanjie Yi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1857741","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1857741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To investigate the protective effects of kaempferol (KPF) against gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A GDM rat model was established to assess metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, oxidative stress, and placental injury following KPF treatment. <i>In vitro</i>, high glucose (HG)-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were used to investigate the protective mechanisms of KPF. Mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis-related alterations, and AIM2 inflammasome activation were evaluated. STAT3 knockdown and AIM2 overexpression were further performed to determine their roles in HG-induced trophoblast injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KPF significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, alleviated placental injury, and decreased oxidative stress in GDM rats. In HG-stimulated trophoblasts, KPF attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-related alterations by restoring GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression and inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, KPF suppressed STAT3 activation, while STAT3 knockdown reduced STAT1/IRF1 activation and AIM2 expression under hyperglycemic conditions. AIM2 overexpression aggravated ferroptosis-related changes and inflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KPF alleviates GDM-associated placental dysfunction by modulating STAT3-associated signaling and AIM2 inflammasome activation, thereby reducing ferroptosis-related injury and inflammatory activation in trophoblasts. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of GDM and support KPF as a potential therapeutic candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1857741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}