Wei Zhang, Zhaohui Cui, Dayong Shen, Li Gao, Qingyun Li
{"title":"在20-59岁的成年男性中，睾丸激素水平与肌肉质量呈正相关，但与力量无关：一项横断面研究。","authors":"Wei Zhang, Zhaohui Cui, Dayong Shen, Li Gao, Qingyun Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1512268","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between testosterone levels and muscle mass and strength remains contentious. This study aimed to explore the relationship among total serum testosterone levels, muscle mass, and strength in young to middle-aged adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis included 4,495 participants (age 39.2 ± 0.2 years, mean ± SE) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2014. Weighted regression models were used to assess the association of testosterone levels with muscle mass and strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For male participants, log<sub>2</sub>-transformed testosterone levels were positively associated with appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (β: 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.07, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and negatively associated with low muscle mass (odds ratio: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24-0.67, <i>P</i> = 0.006). However, no significant association was found between testosterone levels and grip strength (β: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.26 to 2.58, <i>P</i> = 0.086) or low muscle strength (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.25-1.04, <i>P</i> = 0.059). For female participants, no significant association was observed between testosterone levels and muscle mass (β: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.02 to -0.01, <i>P</i> = 0.294) or muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.73, <i>P</i> = 0.508). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear relationship between total testosterone levels and appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index in male participants (nonlinear: <i>P</i> = 0.367).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates that testosterone levels are positively associated with muscle mass but not with muscle strength in young to middle-aged males.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1512268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037588/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Testosterone levels positively linked to muscle mass but not strength in adult males aged 20-59 years: a cross-sectional study.\",\"authors\":\"Wei Zhang, Zhaohui Cui, Dayong Shen, Li Gao, Qingyun Li\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fphys.2025.1512268\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between testosterone levels and muscle mass and strength remains contentious. This study aimed to explore the relationship among total serum testosterone levels, muscle mass, and strength in young to middle-aged adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis included 4,495 participants (age 39.2 ± 0.2 years, mean ± SE) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2014. Weighted regression models were used to assess the association of testosterone levels with muscle mass and strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For male participants, log<sub>2</sub>-transformed testosterone levels were positively associated with appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (β: 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.07, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and negatively associated with low muscle mass (odds ratio: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24-0.67, <i>P</i> = 0.006). However, no significant association was found between testosterone levels and grip strength (β: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.26 to 2.58, <i>P</i> = 0.086) or low muscle strength (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.25-1.04, <i>P</i> = 0.059). For female participants, no significant association was observed between testosterone levels and muscle mass (β: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.02 to -0.01, <i>P</i> = 0.294) or muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.73, <i>P</i> = 0.508). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear relationship between total testosterone levels and appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index in male participants (nonlinear: <i>P</i> = 0.367).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates that testosterone levels are positively associated with muscle mass but not with muscle strength in young to middle-aged males.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12477,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Physiology\",\"volume\":\"16 \",\"pages\":\"1512268\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037588/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Physiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1512268\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1512268","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Testosterone levels positively linked to muscle mass but not strength in adult males aged 20-59 years: a cross-sectional study.
Background: The relationship between testosterone levels and muscle mass and strength remains contentious. This study aimed to explore the relationship among total serum testosterone levels, muscle mass, and strength in young to middle-aged adults.
Methods: The analysis included 4,495 participants (age 39.2 ± 0.2 years, mean ± SE) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2014. Weighted regression models were used to assess the association of testosterone levels with muscle mass and strength.
Results: For male participants, log2-transformed testosterone levels were positively associated with appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (β: 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.07, P < 0.001) and negatively associated with low muscle mass (odds ratio: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24-0.67, P = 0.006). However, no significant association was found between testosterone levels and grip strength (β: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.26 to 2.58, P = 0.086) or low muscle strength (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.25-1.04, P = 0.059). For female participants, no significant association was observed between testosterone levels and muscle mass (β: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.02 to -0.01, P = 0.294) or muscle strength (β: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.73, P = 0.508). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear relationship between total testosterone levels and appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index in male participants (nonlinear: P = 0.367).
Conclusion: Our study indicates that testosterone levels are positively associated with muscle mass but not with muscle strength in young to middle-aged males.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Physiology is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research on the physiology of living systems, from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact organism, and its interaction with the environment. Field Chief Editor George E. Billman at the Ohio State University Columbus is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.
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