Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms of hamstring strain injuries in sprinting: an integrative scoping review of intrinsic, biomechanical and modifiable risk factors.","authors":"Junshuai Zhu, Shuaiwang Huang, Shuyuan Luo, Yelin Zeng, Lan Zheng, Xiyang Peng","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1943228","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1943228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scoping review aimed to bring together evidence from muscular architecture, biomechanics, training physiology and injury history-fields that have been examined individually in the past-to clarify how intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence hamstring strain injury development. A systematic literature search of three databases was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed studies covering the mechanisms of hamstring strain injuries were reviewed and 32 articles met the eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment. Multiple intrinsic/outside risk factors for Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) were identified in this review. The biceps femoris long head is at risk with eccentric loading due to the narrow width of the aponeurosis and stress applied through previous injury/biomechanical overload during late swing/late stance. Anterior pelvic tilt, trunk flexion, hip flexion, lower leg angular velocity, add to the risk of injury especially where previous injuries caused architectural/motor control changes. Factors that can be changed such as targeting resistance training can decrease the risk for HSIs while suddenly stopping training or muscle fatigue increases risk via increased muscle stiffness and the likelihood of reinjury. This scoping review compiles multi-disciplined evidence to support the argument that the hamstrings do not form a unitary structure.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://osf.io/, identifier afjek.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1943228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How consistent is the determination of the anaerobic threshold among members of the same cardiac rehabilitation team?","authors":"Nanaho Minagawa, Kazuo Kondo, Hirotaka Nishijima, Yusuke Mori, Takeo Ikota","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1914264","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1914264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Consistency in the anaerobic threshold (AT) determination is essential for cardiac rehabilitation teams comprising multiple professionals who conduct cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) and interpret their results. The effect of years of experience on interpreting CPET results, including the AT, has been examined. However, consistency in the AT determination among members of the same institution with experience beyond the training period has not been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated consistency in the AT determination among four members at a cardiovascular hospital (three full-time physical therapists and one part-time consultant physician) with 4 to 30 years of experience with CPETs. Another full-time physical therapist acted as the controller and did not participate in the AT reading. This retrospective study used 260 blinded and randomized CPET data files from 130 patients (130 data pairs comprising inpatient and outpatient data). All observers determined the AT twice using the modified V-slope method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean AT values showed significant interobserver differences (p<0.001) driven by a slightly but significantly lower value determined by the consultant physician. No significant differences in the values determined by the three full-time staff members were observed. Despite interobserver differences during inpatient and outpatient phases, the longitudinal change in the AT did not differ significantly (p=0.58). The intrarater reliability of four observers was good [intraclass correlation coefficient (1,1) = 0.87-0.94], with limits of agreement of 103.6 to 185.0 mL/min. The inter-rater reliability was also good [intraclass coefficient (2,1) = 0.87], with limits of agreement of observer pairs of 139.2 to 220.5 mL/min. Reliability was not associated with years of experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Good consistency in the AT determination is achievable in a clinical setting. Adherence to a single standardized method across the team likely facilitates this consistency and provides a reliable objective measure for monitoring exercise tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1914264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramidase is involved in metabolic reprogramming of fibroblasts under hypoxia conditions.","authors":"Michela Terlizzi, Emmanuel D'Andria, Chiara Colarusso, Simone Di Caprio, Anna Falanga, Maria Rosaria Lauro, Rosario Salvi, Rosalinda Sorrentino","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1914022","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1914022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Physiological metabolic reprogramming is a cells strategy to resist/counteract stress to preserve homeostasis. Hypoxia is an important stress stimulus that can promote tissue remodeling and fibrosis, in which alterations in sphingolipid metabolism may contribute to fibroblast responses. Here, we investigated the potential role of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), a key enzyme of the sphingolipid salvage pathway, in fibroblast adaptation to hypoxic stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human fibroblasts were exposed to hypoxia for 24, 48, and 72 hours, and metabolic and redox changes were investigated following pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase with D-Nmappd. These findings were complemented by analyses of publicly available bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lungs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypoxic fibroblasts showed metabolic remodeling involving glucose-, amino acid-, and redox-associated pathways, together with changes consistent with an adaptive antioxidant response, including alterations in the GSH/GSSG balance. Pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase under hypoxia was associated with changes in carnitine metabolism and long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation, reduced GSH and GSSG levels, and decreased expression of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2), Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 (OGG1). In IPF lung tissue, ASAH1 expression was associated with glycolytic and redox-related genes. Single-cell analysis showed that ASAH1-expressing IPF fibroblasts were enriched in transcriptional programs related to hypoxic responses and oxidative stress regulation and displayed features associated with a less activated phenotype.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, these findings suggest that acid ceramidase/ASAH1 is associated with fibroblast metabolic and redox adaptation to hypoxic stress and may influence fibroblast activation in IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1914022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-tidal CO₂ responses and ventilatory correlates during voluntary hyperventilation: a repeated-measures pilot study.","authors":"Liping Wang, Lihao Xue, Fenglin Jia, Huibian Zhang, Lihua Yu, GuiYou Wang, Zhao Gu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1890190","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1890190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Controlled voluntary hyperventilation is widely used to study the ventilatory control of end-tidal CO₂ (PetCO₂), but the breath-by-breath determinants of PetCO₂ during an externally paced maneuver remain incompletely characterized. This repeated-measures pilot study aimed to describe PetCO₂ changes and to quantify associations with ventilatory timing and expired gas output during paced voluntary hyperventilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty healthy males (age range 19.2-39.8) performed a metronome-paced voluntary hyperventilation maneuver at 30 breaths/min intended to last up to 3 min. Breath-by-breath data were recorded with a COSMED K5 (COSMED, Rome, Italy). After excluding breaths with implausible respiratory frequency, 2,298 breaths from 30 participants were analyzed with a linear mixed model (LMM) using a cubic B-spline for elapsed time, participant-specific random intercepts and random slopes, and fixed effects of minute ventilation (VE), expired CO₂ output (VCO₂), and expiratory time (Te). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) with AR(1) working correlation was a sensitivity analysis, and participant-level cluster-bootstrap CIs provided the primary inferential intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participant-level mean PetCO₂ during the maneuver was 17.1 ± 1.8 mmHg (range 13.3-21.2 mmHg) and declined over time. In the primary LMM, VE β = -0.144, VCO₂ β = 0.009, and Te β = 4.18. Because residual diagnostics showed non-normality, heteroscedasticity, and strong serial autocorrelation (GEE AR(1) alpha approximately 0.79 for the spline model and 0.86 for the linear-time model), cluster-bootstrap CIs are reported as the primary inferential intervals: VE -0.174 to -0.110, VCO2 0.005 to 0.012, Te 2.330 to 6.164, and a predicted PetCO2 change from 0 to 180 s of -8.58 mmHg (95% CI -10.30 to -6.92 mmHg). Marginal R² = 0.775 and conditional R² = 0.828; leave-one-participant-out cross-validation yielded R² = 0.737 and RMSE = 2.52 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PetCO₂ during paced hyperventilation was associated with elapsed time, VE, VCO₂, and Te. Because VE and VCO₂ are algebraically coupled, and VCO₂ and PetCO₂ also share information from the expired-CO₂ signal, they should not be interpreted as independent physiological determinants; the principal contribution is the within-participant expiratory-time association. The findings are exploratory and require confirmation in clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1890190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployability of machine-learning prediction models in elite and high-level team sports: a task-specific systematic review.","authors":"Zhiyu Guan, Zicheng Jin, Chuangui Mao, Weiguo Liu, Jie Ren","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1920214","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1920214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Machine-learning models are increasingly used for match forecasting and athlete monitoring in elite and high-level team sports, but high reported performance does not necessarily indicate readiness for real-world use. This systematic review evaluated whether models were developed and tested under conditions compatible with their intended decision time. Eight databases were searched, with searches completed by 12 July 2026. Eighty reports representing 77 studies contributed 87 analysis units: 55 Core, 23 post-event or high-leakage Comparators, and nine Boundary units. All 87 units were assessed for deployable prediction validity (DPV) across six domains, and 78 Core or Comparator units were also assessed with PROBAST. Amongst Core units, 26/55 (47.3%) were rated at least Moderate, including five Moderate-to-strong and 21 Moderate units. Pre-adjudication agreement for the overall DPV classification was 85/87 (97.7%; κ = 0.968; linearly weighted κ = 0.978), whilst domain-level exact agreement ranged from 75/87 to 87/87. In <i>post hoc</i> sensitivity analyses, 19/55 Core units met the primary DPV threshold and had Sufficient validation; 14/55 met the primary threshold and had at least partial evidence of predictive reliability or probability-quality; and 9/55 met the primary threshold and both additional conditions. PROBAST risk of bias was High for 56/78 units, Unclear for 21/78, and Low for one. The main limitations were evaluation designs that did not adequately reflect intended future use and limited assessment of predictive reliability. Overall, the evidence supports selective methodological readiness rather than general deployability, with different requirements for pre-game, in-game, and athlete-monitoring applications.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261425179 <b>, identifier CRD420261425179.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1920214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do strategically demanding sports shape hand function alike? Distinct profiles of dexterity and grip strength in basketball and badminton athletes.","authors":"Xinpeng Gao, Jinlong Hou, Chengzhe Du, Yanan Gao, Fei Kong, Ming Li","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1940944","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1940944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Long-term participation in strategic sports may enhance hand dexterity and cognitive function, but sport-specific differences in manual control, force production, and cognition remain unclear. This study compared hand dexterity, grip strength, and cognitive performance among basketball athletes, badminton athletes, and non-athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 90 right-handed participants (6 females, 84 males; mean age 20.57 ± 1.64 years) divided into the basketball athlete group (BAG), badminton athlete group (BmAG), and non-athlete controls (NCG). Participants completed the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT), handgrip strength test (HD), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT). Results: Both BAG and BmAG outperformed NCG in PPT dominant-hand scores, combined task scores, GPT completion speed, MoCA scores, and SCWT word reading (all P < 0.05). BmAG also showed superior PPT non-dominant-hand performance, bimanual coordination, and total scores compared with NCG, and better bimanual coordination than BAG (BmAG vs. NCG: P < 0.001, d = 0.96; BmAG vs. BAG: P = 0.033, d = 0.66). BAG demonstrated greater dominant-hand grip strength than NCG (P = 0.007, d = 0.90), whereas BmAG did not. No group differences were found in SCWT inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Badminton participation was associated with superior fine motor control and bimanual coordination, whereas basketball participation was associated with greater dominant-hand grip strength. Both athletic groups showed better selected manual and cognitive outcomes than NCG. However, the cross-sectional, male-skewed sample cannot establish causality, and the MoCA findings should be interpreted cautiously because of its ceiling effect in healthy young participants. Longitudinal or intervention studies are warranted. After Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple outcomes, the group effects for PPT non-dominant-hand performance, dominant-hand grip strength, and Stroop word reading did not remain significant and are therefore interpreted as exploratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1940944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic graph vector autoregression for characterizing cardiac electromechanical dynamics during incremental exercise from the joint phase space of electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram.","authors":"Xiaohong Ye, Qiang Lu, Qianyu Lin","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1946312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1946312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abnormal cardiac electromechanical coupling (cEMC) is associated with exercise-induced arrhythmias, yet monitoring cEMC during unrestricted movement remains challenging. While electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) recordings provide indirect measures of cardiac electrical and mechanical activity, each represents only a one-dimensional scalar observation of the cardiac system, and the system's latent state-space dynamics response to exercise intensity remains inaccessible. Therefore, this study employs Takens' delayed embedding phase-space reconstruction method to reconstruct the latent state trajectories and then combines them into a joint ECG-PCG phase space. Building on this representation, this study proposes dynamic graph vector autoregression (DG-VAR), a data-driven analytical approach for characterizing latent cEMC from the joint phase space of ECG and PCG during exercise. Benchmarking with an open-access database demonstrated that DG-VAR achieved the highest performance in predicting the joint phase space of ECG and PCG during exercise. The method yielded an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0186 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.76 for ECG phase space predictions, and an average RMSE of 0.0085 and MAPE of 4.45 for PCG phase space predictions. Furthermore, matrix-derived parameters, including stationarity, coupling strength, and dynamic graph topology, showed significant correlations with cardiac electromechanical intervals. Analysis of these parameters revealed an intensity-dependent regulatory pattern in cardiac electromechanical dynamics: forward electromechanical coupling increases monotonically, the feedback mechanism rises initially and then stabilizes, and the network dynamics topology evolves towards a state of greater density and smoothness. This non-invasive, label-free, data-driven analytical framework offers a novel, physiologically interpretable approach to dynamic monitoring of exercise-induced cEMC responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1946312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of functional training on linear sprint and change-of-direction performance in soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hongyu Yang, Ya Lan, Yu Chen, Shang Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1951674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1951674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional training is increasingly incorporated into soccer conditioning; however, its effects on linear sprint and change-of-direction (COD) performance remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of structured functional training on linear sprint and directional-change performance in soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to 6 July 2026. Randomized controlled trials comparing structured functional training with usual soccer training, no additional training, or other non-functional training conditions were included. Pooled effects were calculated as Hedges' g with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted according to intervention duration, weekly training frequency, and sprint distance. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten randomized controlled trials involving 260 soccer players were included. Functional training significantly improved pre-planned COD performance (nine trials; n = 240; Hedges' g = -0.72, 95% CI -1.23 to -0.22; p = 0.005; I² = 71%) and linear sprint performance (seven trials; n = 164; Hedges' g = -1.00, 95% CI -1.54 to -0.46; p = 0.0003; I² = 61%). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses showed that the direction and statistical significance of both pooled effects were retained after exclusion of individual studies, although the magnitude of the COD and sprint estimates was influenced by Zhao et al. and Doungchan et al., respectively. No statistically significant between-subgroup differences were identified according to intervention duration, weekly training frequency, or sprint distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Structured functional training may improve linear sprint and pre-planned COD performance in soccer players. However, the magnitude of the pooled effects should be interpreted cautiously because of between-study heterogeneity, the influence of individual studies, and the limited evidence base. Current evidence is insufficient to establish an optimal training prescription or to extrapolate these findings to reactive agility or match performance.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PR, identifier CRD420261441220.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1951674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-cadherin as a potential novel regulator of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis.","authors":"Yan Wang, Ankita Prasad, Weiwei Liu, Jyotsna Chandra, Atif Zafar, Nayden G Naydenov, Pranab K Mukherjee, Andrei I Ivanov, Florian Rieder","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1946754","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1946754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T-cadherin (T-cad) is a non-canonical member of the cadherin superfamily with a distinguished structure of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor instead of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. This lends unique properties to and equips T-cad with dynamic mobility within the plasma membrane and extensive lateral interactions with signaling partners. Beyond its role as an adhesion molecule forming homophilic interactions, T-cad functions as a receptor for adiponectin and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), therefore playing an important role in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. These properties underscore its critical involvement in physiological and pathological processes, including central nervous system development, cancer progression, and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of T-cad in intestinal inflammation, injury, and fibrosis remains underexplored. This review highlights the structural and functional characteristics of T-cad, its binding partners, its expression and functions in various types of cells, tissues and organs, and its roles in health and disease. This review also speculates on its potential involvement in intestinal inflammation, particularly in stricturing Crohn's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1946754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative endpoint and reconstructed 500-m energy-system contributions from individualized pacing-matched trials in 2000-m rowing ergometry.","authors":"Jiashi Lin, Xiaoning Ma, Caoan Yuan, Lei Yi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1840466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1840466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy with which 500-, 1000-, and 1500-m endpoint trials reproduced each rower's individualized 2000-m pacing template, estimate cumulative energy-system contributions at 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 m, and reconstruct contributions across four successive 500-m segments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve trained male provincial-team rowers completed a 2000-m all-out rowing-ergometer reference trial to establish individualized cumulative time, mean power, and mean stroke-rate targets, followed by pacing-matched 500-, 1000-, and 1500-m endpoint trials. Pacing-replication accuracy was evaluated using achieved-minus-target bias, MAE, MAPE, concordance, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Energy-system contributions were estimated indirectly using the PCr-La-O₂ framework. Cumulative endpoints and within-rower reconstructed 500-m segments were analyzed separately using repeated-measures analyses with Holm-adjusted comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 500, 1000, and 1500 m, time MAE was 0.050, 0.092, and 1.258 s; power MAE was 0.667, 0.917, and 5.083 W; and stroke-rate MAE was 0.750, 0.396, and 0.359 spm, respectively. Corresponding MAPE values were 0.053-0.431% for time, 0.157-1.339% for power, and 1.239-2.483% for stroke rate. No stable group-level systematic bias was detected after Holm adjustment, although statistical equivalence was not tested. Reconstruction showed a higher estimated phosphagen contribution during 0-500 m, glycolytic contribution concentrated mainly within the first 1000 m, and a higher aerobic contribution after the opening segment. No robust segmental difference in total estimated contribution was concluded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individualized known-endpoint trials can closely reproduce a rower's 2000-m pacing template while providing endpoint-specific post-exercise inputs for cumulative indirect energy-system estimation. Within-rower reconstruction offers a transparent way to describe successive 500-m energetic patterns alongside actual kinematics, but these reconstructed segments should not be interpreted as direct physiological measurements of continuous race phases or as a validated training prescription.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1840466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}