Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Can weekly frequency of plyometric training impair strength and power? A short-term comparison in regional-level jump athletes.","authors":"Ang Li, Hongbo Zhang, Changwei Peng, Yutong Wu, Jia He","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1671750","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1671750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the short-term effects of two versus three weekly PT sessions on strength and jump performance in competitive jumpers, and to examine associations between delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and week-to-week performance changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine male regional-level high and long jump athletes (17-23 years) completed a 4-week non-randomized observational cohort study. In Week 1 all performed two PT sessions; from Week 2, athletes continued with either two sessions per week (n = 19) or increased to three (n = 20). In Week 4, both groups reduced to two weekly sessions as part of a taper, such that Week-4 outcomes reflect shared recovery rather than continued frequency differences. Assessments at baseline and Weeks 1-4 included isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and standing long jump (SLJ). DOMS was recorded weekly. Mixed-design ANOVAs tested group × time effects, and participant-level correlations examined DOMS associations with performance changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant main effects of time were found for IMTP, SLJ, CMJ, and SJ (all p < 0.001). The 2×/week group showed steady improvements in IMTP and SLJ, while the 3×/week group experienced early decrements during intensified loading, followed by recovery in Week 4 during the taper phase. Participant-level analyses revealed significant negative correlations between DOMS and ΔIMTP (r = -0.38, 95% CI [-0.53, -0.21]) and ΔSLJ (r = -0.63, 95% CI [-0.73, -0.50]); weaker associations were observed for ΔCMJ (r = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.37, -0.03]) but not for ΔSJ.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Training twice weekly promoted more consistent gains, while three weekly sessions induced transient impairments linked to higher DOMS. Week-4 convergence reflected taper-related recovery rather than sustained frequency effects. Monitoring soreness may help coaches optimize load and recovery in jump athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1671750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of short-duration spaceflight on the execution of critical mission tasks.","authors":"Gilles Clément, Sarah Moudy, Timothy R Macaulay, Scott J Wood","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1677377","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1677377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate how short-duration spaceflight affects private astronauts' performance of mission-critical functional tasks that challenge balance and locomotor control systems shortly after they return to Earth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten astronauts were assessed while they performed three functional tests (sit-to-stand, tandem walk, and walk-and-turn) before spaceflight and a few hours after returning from missions lasting from 4 to 21 days. Their performance was compared to that of 36 astronauts who returned from long-duration missions lasting from 6 to 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Shortly after return from a short-duration spaceflight, astronauts had difficulty standing, walking, and turning around obstacles, and they experienced terrestrial readaptation motion sickness. However, the performance of these functional tasks was less impacted after short-duration missions than after long-duration missions. After long-duration spaceflight, astronauts took longer to stabilize when standing, made fewer correct steps in balance tests (especially with eyes closed), needed more time for walking tasks, and turned more slowly than after short-duration flight. Motion sickness ratings were more variable and often higher in the long-duration group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar to long-duration spaceflight, short-duration missions can also result in significant postflight vestibular and sensorimotor impairments, potentially affecting the ability of some crewmembers to perform critical mission tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1677377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of circular RNAs in intervertebral disc lesion tissues from spinal tuberculosis patients.","authors":"Linan Wang, Xingyu Duan, Yuliang Qu, Zhiyun Shi, Xu Zhang, Zongqiang Yang, Yingchao Gao, Ningkui Niu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1650380","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1650380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is characterized by an insidious onset, nonspecific clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges in early stages. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of stable single-stranded endogenous RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures, play crucial regulatory roles in various biological processes. However, their involvement in STB pathogenesis remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected intervertebral disc tissue specimens and peripheral blood samples from STB patients. CircRNAs sequencing was performed on three representative lesion tissues, followed by comprehensive screening and validation in both tissue and blood samples to elucidate the functional mechanisms of circRNAs in STB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chip sequencing indicated that a total of 1,396 circRNAs were differentially expressed (fold change >2, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Among them, 757 circRNAs were upregulated, while 639 were downregulated. GO analysis of the parental genes of these differentially expressed circRNAs demonstrated that they were predominantly involved in cellular protein catabolic processes, GTPase binding, covalent chromatin modification, histone modification, and other processes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in signal pathways such as protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, and proteolysis. Validation in peripheral blood samples showed that the expressions of hsa_circ_0001021, hsa_circ_0043898, and hsa_circ_0093669 were significantly higher in the preoperative group than in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of these circRNAs decreased at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively compared to the preoperative levels. ROC curve analysis suggested that these circRNAs could serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers for STB in academic research scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The differentially expressed circRNAs identified in intervertebral disc lesions of STB patients demonstrate significant involvement in disease pathogenesis, positioning them as promising candidates for both diagnostic and therapeutic targeting. Specifically, hsa_circ_0001021, hsa_circ_0043898, and hsa_circ_0093669 exhibit robust potential as peripheral blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for STB. When combined with conventional inflammatory markers ESR and CRP, these circRNAs significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, longitudinal monitoring revealed their unique value in postoperative therapeutic evaluation, with expression levels showing strong correlation with treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1650380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the etiological characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms and prognostic factors in ICU patients.","authors":"Fengxia Du, Qun Ji, Ying Li, Jing Jia, Ruiping Xi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1658683","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1658683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections contribute to high mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, yet their specific pathogen profile and mortality risk factors are inadequately characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aim to investigate MDRO infections in ICU patients, identify prevalent pathogens, and evaluate risk factors associated with 28-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 260 ICU patients with MDRO infections (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) analyzed the specimen types, infection sites, and pathogens. Patients were grouped (survival group and non-survival group) based on 28-day survival outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression identified prognostic factors, and the model's validity, fit, and discriminatory power were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In ICU patients with MDRO infections, sputum was the most common test specimen, with the respiratory system as the main infection site. Pathogenic bacteria primarily included <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Sixty-seven patients died within 28 days after enrollment (mortality rate: 25.77%). ICU length of stay [odds ratio (OR): 1.141; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.020-1.275], Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score upon admission (OR: 1.496; 95% CI: 1.261-1.775), comorbidity with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (OR: 4.620; 95% CI: 1.665-12.821), comorbidity with pulmonary diseases (OR: 4.150; 95% CI: 1.722-10.000), duration of mechanical ventilation >7 days (OR: 3.457; 95% CI: 1.502-7.955), and number of invasive procedures (OR: 1.845; 95% CI: 1.239-2.748) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in ICU patients with MDRO infections. A logistic regression equation was developed: logistic regression equation = -20.646 + 0.132X1 (ICU stay) + 0.403X2 (APACHE II score) + 1.530X3 (cardiovascular/cerebrovascular comorbidities) + 1.423X4 (pulmonary comorbidities) + 1.240X5 (mechanical ventilation >7 days) + 0.613X6 (invasive procedures). The model was statistically significant (likelihood ratio chi-square test, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and demonstrated a good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, <i>P</i> > 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.913 (0.85 ≤ AUC <0.95), with 65.67% sensitivity, 93.78% specificity, and 86.54% accuracy in predicting the survival/death risk in MDRO-infected patients, indicating strong discriminatory power.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICU patients with MDRO infections exhibit diverse pathogens. Prompt preventive and control measures should be implemented based on the characteristics of MDRO infections and high-risk factors associated with prognosis to reduce the risk of death following MDRO infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1658683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of exercise induced capillarization adaptations in skeletal muscle aging: a systematic review.","authors":"Yi Ding, Qiliang Wan, Jae Cheol Kim, Wenduo Liu, Weiping Ji","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1681184","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1681184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skeletal muscle aging is often accompanied by capillary rarefaction, which limits the effective delivery and distribution of hormones, nutrients, and growth factors within skeletal muscle. Furthermore, exercise is widely regarded as having the potential to improve microcirculation and delay skeletal muscle aging. This review aims to explore exercise-induced improvements in capillarization and related adaptations to mitigate the adverse changes that occur during the aging process of skeletal muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database under the identifier CRD420251055873. Studies involving exercise interventions in older adults were included, with the requirement that at least one original outcome related to skeletal muscle capillarization was reported. Articles were rigorously screened based on the PICOS criteria, and the quality of the included studies was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies have shown that older adults still possess the capacity to improve skeletal muscle capillarization through exercise. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise not only significantly enhances the level of capillarization but also induces effects that can be maintained even after cessation of training. Capillarization adaptations induced by resistance training exhibit marked inter-individual variability, which is primarily determined by each individual's baseline level of capillarization, thereby resulting in distinct patterns of adaptation. The studies also revealed that the regulation of capillarization depends on the synergistic action of VEGF and eNOS, and that different types of exercise may elicit adaptations through distinct molecular pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the aging process, exercise-induced improvements in capillarization can enhance nutrient delivery, metabolic efficiency, and regenerative capacity in skeletal muscle. To some extent, these adaptations help suppress degenerative changes in muscle function and provide a targeted foundation for anti-aging intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1681184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of <i>Mct1</i> in the arcuate nucleus increases food-anticipatory activity in mice.","authors":"Tomaz Martini, Urs Albrecht","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1642386","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1642386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals rely on internal time-keeping mechanisms to anticipate regular events such as feeding, allowing preemptive gene expression which enables timely physiological responses. A manifestation of anticipatory mechanisms is also a rise in body temperature and activity before a predictable mealtime. The activity, which resembles food seeking, depends on the communication between peripheral organs and the brain. The liver plays a central role by producing metabolic signals, including beta-hydroxybutyrate, which is released into the blood in anticipation of feeding. This release is controlled by the transporter MCT1, and its hepatic ablation in mice impairs food-anticipatory activity (FAA). However, in parallel, loss of MCT1 in the arcuate nucleus, a brain nucleus that orchestrates feeding behaviour, was implicated in increased food intake, creating a paradox. Here, we demonstrate that MCT1's role in feeding behavior is tissue dependent, and that while hepatic and systemic disruption of <i>Mct1</i> impair FAA, arcuate nucleus <i>Mct1</i> knockdown increases FAA. This underscores the complexity of small molecule signalling in metabolism, of which MCT1 is merely a transporter, and whose actions are ligand, and hence context and tissue dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1642386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients: a multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Juan Chen, Jing Lv, Meijun Liu, Xue Dai, Wang Deng","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1570988","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1570988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX), calculated as [lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) × creatinine (mg/dL)] ÷ platelet count (109/L), serves as a reliable biomarker for endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial damage significantly contributes to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the relationship between EASIX and ARDS patients remains to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between EASIX and outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in two cohorts we used Cox proportional hazards models and applied restricted cubic spline methods. Then we stratify EASIX into higher Log2_EASIX and lower Log2_EASIX groups, matched baseline data from the two stratified groups in both cohorts using propensity score matching to reduce confounding bias. Additionally, we further analyzed the differences in clinical outcomes between the higher Log2_EASIX and lower Log2_EASIX groups and performed Kaplan-Meier analysis on the matched data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the MIMIC-IV cohort, compared to the survival group, within the 28 days, the non-survival group had higher Log2_EASIX (Survival: Non-survival = 1.35 [0.16, 2.80]: 2.08 [0.79, 3.59], P = 0.002),and in the CQMU cohort, the non-survival group had higher Log2_EASIX (Survival: Non-survival = 1.91 [1.48, 2.43]: 2.34 [1.89, 3.01], P < 0.0001), Even after adjusting for potential confounders, individuals exhibiting elevated Log2_EASIX values still faced a greater risk of mortality during hospitalization and at 28-, 60-and 90-day post-admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated EASIX levels were found to be positively correlated with a higher risk of mortality in patients with ARDS. Assessing EASIX levels could be a promising biomarker for predicting overall survival in ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1570988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on a machine learning method for predicting discharge time of thyroid cancer patients receiving ¹³¹I treatment: a retrospective study.","authors":"Chen Zhang, Dandan Zhang, Lijun Tang, Feng Tian","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1599657","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1599657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive iodine-131 (¹³¹I) based internal irradiation therapy has become one of the main methods for treating thyroid cancer, but patient usually need to be hospitalized after taking ¹³¹I until the residual activity meets the discharge criteria. However, the complex metabolism of ¹³¹I drug in individualized patient may make it difficult to assess when patients would meet discharge criteria, thereby increasing the hospital stay. In this study, some basic data of 1,044 thyroid cancer patients received ¹³¹I treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2022 to January 2024 are collected. Numerical analysis methods are used to analyze the absorption and metabolism of ¹³¹I drug in different patients and support vector machine (SVM) model is used to predict the discharge time of different patients. Results show that the effective half-life of ¹³¹I in both male and female patients are 10.35 h and 9.64 h, whose residual activity less than 400 MBq after 48 h of taking ¹³¹I. While the effective half-life of ¹³¹I in both male and female patients are 14.07 and 13.47 h for that the residual activity are greater than 400 MBq after 48 h of taking ¹³¹I. Furthermore, a discharge time prediction method based on SVM has been developed and the accuracy and precision of this method in predicting whether a patient could be discharged from the hospital after 48 h of taking the ¹³¹I drug are 88.04% and 96.89%. These results show that the discharge time prediction method could be expected to improve the rotation efficiency of nuclear medicine wards and provide timely treatment for more thyroid cancer patients receiving ¹³¹I treatment in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1599657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise interventions on breast cancer-related endogenous hormones in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bo He, Xiaomei Yu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1579649","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1579649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women, and its etiology and progression are closely associated with hormone levels. Hormone levels undergo significant changes in pre- and postmenopausal women. Exercise intervention, as a safe and effective lifestyle intervention, may modulate hormone levels and affect the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases were searched to identify relevant literature for this study, which included 11 studies in the meta-analysis. The impact of an exercise intervention on breast cancer-related hormones was evaluated, including estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, 2-OH E1, 16a-OH E1, androstenedione, testosterone, and free testosterone, in both pre- and postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study findings suggest that the impact of exercise intervention on breast cancer-related hormones in pre- and postmenopausal women may not be significant. This lack of significance could be linked to differences in exercise intervention protocols, study quality, changes in body fat percentage post-exercise, and the specific characteristics of the populations (pre- and postmenopausal) analyzed in the studies. However, subgroup analyses suggested that exercise intervention might have a significant effect on certain estrogens in postmenopausal women and women who engaged in exercise for more than 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The impact of exercise intervention on hormone levels may be influenced by body fat and menopausal status, as well as the duration of follow-up. Further high-quality and standardized studies are needed to confirm and enhance the findings of this research.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024430643, Identifier CRD42024430643.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1579649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the allostatic load model in military training research: from theory to application.","authors":"Evan D Feigel, Kristen J Koltun, Mita Lovalekar, Karl E Friedl, Brian J Martin, Bradley C Nindl","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1638451","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1638451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research physiologists use theoretical models to test new empirical relationships between physiological variables and psycho-physiological outcomes and compare observed outcomes with theoretical predictions to support or refute models. Models, while valuable, often focus on a limited perspective as part of a larger reality. In understanding Warfighter health, a more holistic perspective within a model is needed since this population is exposed to a high degree of physical, cognitive, and emotional demands/loads during training throughout a career. Focusing on the physical performance aspects of occupational exposures is important; however, this neglects imperative interrelationships between the psychological and musculoskeletal domains of health, which must be quantified for early in-field prevention of injury, underperformance, or psychological harm. Chronic duration of the physiological stress response may disrupt adaptive mechanisms and result in allostatic load, characterized as a maladaptive biological process by which physiological stability ('allostasis') fails owing to repeated and chronic stress exposure, which can negatively affect physical and cognitive function. It may also increase vulnerability to atypical reductions in occupational physical performance and psychological and musculoskeletal health. The purpose of this review was to (i) summarize empirical research of atypical, negative consequences of military training on physical performance and psychological and musculoskeletal health (ii); reconsider the underlying biological process rendering maladaptive outcomes observed during training by leveraging a 'stress perspective' wherein military training-related stressors perturb stress systems and lead to allostatic load, which may serve as a mechanism by which maladaptation occurs; (iii) summarize the impact of allostatic load quantified by the Allostatic Load Index (ALI) on physical performance, psychological wellbeing, and musculoskeletal health; and (iv) propose the use of valid and reliable commercially-available wearable devices as tools to measure allostatic load by collecting longitudinal cardiometabolic and neurobehavioral (sleep) data during training and determining verifiable signals associated with ALI and maladaptive outcomes. Allostatic load is an evolving model that may be suited to understand the long-term health effects of military training-related stress. There is opportunity to improve our understanding of measurement tools involving wearables to establishing the relationship between allostatic load and long-term health outcomes in military personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}