Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Crosstalk between hypertension and diabetes: focusing on pregnancy and offspring. A systematic review.","authors":"Medina-Hernández Alejandra, Espinosa-Tanguma Ricardo, Donjuán-Loredo Guadalupe","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1519410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1519410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) is very common; both pathologies seem to share different mechanisms such as insulin resistance (IR), endothelial dysfunction, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others. Furthermore, exposure to hyperglycemia during gestational development has been defined as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. However, the mechanisms involved in this \"prenatal programming\" are still unclear. This review aims to identify the mechanisms involved in the relationship between DM and HT, both in their coexistence and in the development of HT in offspring derived from gestational diabetes (GD). There are no reviews that comprehensively cover both the link between HT and DM as well as the risk factors in mothers with GD and the cardiovascular effects in their offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of published studies reporting HT in offspring of diabetic pregnancies, either in animals or humans, prevalence and pathophysiological mechanisms of binomial hypertension-diabetes (HT/DM), mechanisms, metabolic alterations, DM and HT in pregnancy was done. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating the cardiovascular effects of GD on offspring, studies in animal models or humans, reviews and meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>87 studies were included. IR is the main common factor between the presence of DM and the development of HT, in addition to inflammatory processes. Maternal pathology before pregnancy favors the development of diabetes and HT during pregnancy. Animal studies have shown that 100% of the offspring of mothers with GD have HT, mostly after 12 weeks of age. In human studies, there is a significant difference in the blood pressure (BP) levels of the offspring of mothers with gestational hyperglycemia compared with control mothers from the age of 2 years. Several mechanisms such as structural changes in the arterial wall, endoplasmic reticulum (RE) stress, increase in ROS and decrease in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis are proposed as some of the possible culprits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence shows that the interaction between DM and HT occurs through mechanisms that they share in their pathogenesis, that is, the presence of one lead to the other and the hyperglycemia to which infants are exposed <i>in utero</i> makes them more susceptible to CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1519410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes alters cardiorespiratory dynamics: insights from short-term recurrence quantification analysis of pulse-respiration quotient.","authors":"José Javier Reyes-Lagos, Kioko Guzmán-Ramos, Joel Lomelí, Adriana Cristina Pliego-Carrillo, Miguel Ángel Peña-Castillo, Pedro López-Sánchez, Virgilio Eduardo Trujillo-Condes, Laura Ivoone Garay-Jiménez, Juan Carlos Echeverría, María Fernanda Villegas-Zarco, Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1584922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1584922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Pulse-Respiration Quotient (PRQ) is considered a powerful tool for assessing dynamic interactions between cardiac and respiratory rhythms. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disrupts autonomic control, potentially compromising the complexity and adaptability of cardiorespiratory dynamics. In this cross-sectional, exploratory study, we investigated whether T2DM alters cardiorespiratory dynamics by analyzing short-term PRQ signals using conventional linear indices and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight participants (20 T2DM and 18 controls) completed four standardized tasks-supine rest, orthostatic challenge, paced breathing, and the Valsalva maneuver-while electrocardiographic and respiratory signals were continuously recorded. From these signals, R-to-R peak interval (RRI) and breath-to-breath (BB) time series were derived, allowing us to compute the PRQ time series as the ratio of instantaneous heart rate to instantaneous breathing rate. Linear indices of PRQ and RQA metrics were then calculated for the PRQ signals, enabling comparisons between groups (T2DM vs. control) and across tasks. Additionally, entropy-based mutual information (MI) between RRI and BB was assessed as a quantitative measure of cardiorespiratory coupling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T2DM participants exhibited higher recurrence rates and prolonged recurrence time of the first type in the PRQ series, especially during paced breathing, suggesting a more rigid and less adaptive control mechanism. Although linear PRQ indices showed changes in some stage-dependent responses, they were less adept than RQA metrics at discerning subtle differences between groups. Furthermore, the complementary cardiorespiratory coupling assessment by MI revealed distinct compensatory patterns in T2DM during paced respiration and Valsalva.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate potential dysautonomia or partial autonomic dysregulation in individuals with T2DM, as reflected by altered cardiorespiratory dynamics and reduced adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1584922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training: a promising strategy for improving vascular health in chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Stephanie Lapierre-Nguyen, Tyler Buffington, Michel Chonchol, Kristen L Nowak","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1582777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1582777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) demonstrate accelerated vascular aging which contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Impaired vascular health in CKD is characterized by both functional and structural alterations to the vasculature including hypertension, arterial stiffness, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction. These detriments persist despite pharmacological intervention. Habitual aerobic exercise can be protective of vascular health; however, the feasibility in patients with CKD is low due to numerous barriers to exercise. In this perspective we emphasize the need for novel and non-pharmacological strategies that can rescue vascular health and reduce the development of CVD in patients with CKD, explain the unique barriers to aerobic exercise in CKD, present a novel physical training intervention-high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) that addresses the barriers to exercise, and provide our opinion on why this lifestyle intervention may be particularly efficacious for patients with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1582777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of a Minus-C odorant-binding protein from <i>Cyrtotrachelus buqueti</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).","authors":"Long Liu, Yangdi Li, Hua Yang, Fan Wang, Qiong Huang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1586738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1586738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are important for insects to discriminate, bind and transport odorants, such as pheromones and host plant volatiles. Herein, the Minus-C OBP (CbuqOBP1) was characterized from <i>Cyrtotrachelus buqueti</i>, one of the most important pests in bamboo plantations. <i>CbuqOBP1</i> showed significantly higher transcription levels in the adult stage and was most highly expressed in the head of both sexes, the thorax and antenna of the male, indicating that it plays important roles in chemosensory behavior of adults and may also function in other biological processes. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that CbuqOBP1 displayed broad binding capabilities and strong affinities to phenol (<i>K</i> _i = 10.49 μM) and benzothiazole (<i>K</i> _i = 11.11 μM) among 8 <i>C. buqueti</i> volatiles. CbuqOBP1 also showed high binding affinity to the main volatile of the host plant <i>Neosinocalamus affinis</i> (linalool, <i>K</i> _i = 13.41 μM). The docking results indicated that hydrophobic interactions were the prevailing forces between CbuqOBP1 with these three ligands. Additionally, several amino acid residues were significantly overlapped and contributed to the interactions with the ligands. The combined results suggest that CbuqOBP1 may play dual roles in binding volatile compounds from the host plant and the same species and will be helpful to developing new pest-control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1586738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study of COPD phenotypes using integrated SPECT and qCT imaging.","authors":"Frank Li, Xuan Zhang, Alejandro P Comellas, Eric A Hoffman, Michael M Graham, Ching-Long Lin","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1555230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1555230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this research is to elucidate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression by quantifying lung ventilation heterogeneities using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images and establishing correlations with quantitative computed tomography (qCT) imaging-based metrics. This approach seeks to enhance our understanding of how structural and functional changes influence ventilation heterogeneity in COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight COPD subjects completed a longitudinal study with three visits, spaced about a year apart. CT scans were performed at each visit and qCT-based variables were derived to measure the structural and functional characteristics of the lungs, while the SPECT-based variables were used to quantify lung ventilation heterogeneity. The correlations between key qCT-based variables and SPECT-based variables were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SPECT-based ventilation heterogeneity (CV_Total) showed strong correlations with the qCT-based functional small airway disease percentage (fSAD%_Total) and emphysematous tissue percentage (Emph%_Total) in the total lung, based on cross-sectional data. Over the 2-year period, changes in SPECT-based hot spots (TC_Max) exhibited strong negative correlations with changes in fSAD%_Total, Emph%_Total, and the average airway diameter in the left upper lobe, as well as a strong positive correlation with alternations in airflow distribution between the upper and lower lobes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, this study found strong positive cross-sectional correlations between CV_Total and both fSAD% and Emph%, suggesting that these markers primarily reflect static disease severity at a single time point. In contrast, longitudinal correlations between changes in TC_Max and other variables over 2 years may capture the dynamic process of hot spot formation, independent of disease severity. These findings suggest that changes in TC_Max may serve as a more sensitive biomarker than changes in CV_Total for tracking the underlying mechanisms of COPD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1555230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy from the pathway of decreased protein synthesis.","authors":"Peng Chen, Fangfang Jia, Meng Wang, Shengbo Yang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1533394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1533394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with denervation, cancer, diabetes, aging, immobilization, and inflammation, which can significantly impair mobility. It is primarily attributable to increased protein catabolism alongside reduced protein synthesis, although the precise mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully known. Unlike in the pathway driving increased catabolism, fewer studies have explored the mechanism underpinning muscle atrophy under reduced protein synthesis. Therefore, this study aimed to focus on summarizing relevant studies on the reduction of protein synthesis leading to skeletal muscle atrophy, as driven by alterations in pathways such as the insulin-like growth factor-1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B-rapamycin signaling pathway, glycogen synthase kinase-3, glucocorticoids, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, branched-chain amino acid sensors, myostatin, long-term proinflammatory factors, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, calciumion concentration, activating transcription factor 4, and glycyl-tRNA synthetase alterations. Consolidating these data will provide a foundation and theoretical basis for further investigation into the mechanisms of muscle atrophy from the perspective of reduced protein synthesis pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1533394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of high n-3 PUFA intake and cyclic heat stress under two dietary antioxidant levels in broiler chickens.","authors":"Vida Rezar, Manca Pečjak Pal, Alenka Levart, Alenka Nemec Svete, Tatjana Pirman, Janez Salobir, Jakob Leskovec","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1594095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1594095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study examined the combined effects of a diet high in n-3 PUFAs and cyclic heat stress (HS) considering two levels of dietary antioxidants. A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were divided into eight groups in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design: thermoneutral (TN) or heat-stressed (34°C ± 1°C for 7 h/day from day 22) × fed a diet low in antioxidants (NRC group) or high in antioxidants (HAOX group; supplemented with a mixture of 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 250 mg/kg vitamin C and 0.15 mg/kg selenium) and supplemented or not with 5% linseed oil, forming the NRC N-3 and HAOX N-3 groups. High intake of n-3 PUFAs increased plasma F2-isoprostane and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Cyclic HS decreased final body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and increased DNA damage and serum corticosterone (CORT) levels. In addition, the changes in blood biochemistry indicated that the broilers were undergoing respiratory alkalosis. Interactions between n-3 PUFAs and HS were observed in liver MDA levels, plasma γ-tocopherol levels and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Antioxidants increased blood levels of α-tocopherol, vitamin C, lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, while decreasing MDA, F2-isoprostane, CORT and AP levels. High intake of n-3 PUFA in combination with cyclic HS had negative effects on the health status of the broilers, which were alleviated by additional antioxidant supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1594095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of lightweight convolutional neural networks for ultrasound signal classification.","authors":"Bokun Zhang, Zhengping Li, Yuwen Hao, Lijun Wang, Xiaoxue Li, Yuan Yao","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1536542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1536542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound signal processing plays an important role in medical image analysis. Embedded ultrasonography systems with low power consumption and high portability are suitable for disaster rescue, but due to the difficulty of ultrasonic signal recognition, operators need to have strong professional knowledge, and it is not easy to deploy ultrasonography systems in areas with relatively weak infrastructures. In recent years, with the continuous development in the field of deep learning and artificial intelligence, lightweight convolutional neural networks have brought new opportunities for ultrasound signal processing. This paper focuses on investigating lightweight convolutional neural networks applied to ultrasound signal classification. Combined with the characteristics of ultrasound signals, this paper provides a detailed review of lightweight algorithms from two perspectives: model compression and operational optimization. Among them, model compression deals with the overall framework to reduce network redundancy, and the latter aims at the lightweight design of the basic operational module \"convolution\" in the network. The experimental results of some classical models and algorithms on the ImageNet dataset are summarized. Through the comprehensive analysis, we present some problems and provide an outlook on the future development of lightweight techniques for ultrasound signal classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1536542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and bowel health in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Wei Liu, Qirui Liu, Cheng Jiao, Jun Guo, Lipu Zhang, Yao Zhang, Guangchao Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1501171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1501171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a robust predictor of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, strongly linked to the development of various chronic conditions. However, there is a paucity of evidence exploring the relationship between NHHR and bowel health, particularly chronic diarrhea and constipation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health status data were collected alongside blood lipid levels. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models assessed the association between NHHR and bowel health. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was used to explore their dose-response relationship. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to further validate the robustness of our findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study of 11,268 participants, a significant positive association was identified between elevated NHHR levels and chronic constipation in women, with the highest quartile showing an adjusted OR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.21-2.03) compared to the lowest quartile. This association was notably stronger among female smokers. Sensitivity analyses excluding individuals with hypercholesterolemia or inflammatory bowel disease confirmed the robustness of the correlation. No significant associations were found in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings provide novel evidence of the relationship between NHHR and bowel health in United States women, particularly chronic constipation. However, the cross-sectional design of the study limits our ability to establish causality. Additionally, reliance on self-reported bowel health data may introduce inaccuracies. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association and the impact of lifestyle factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1501171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary medicine and bioastronautics: an innovative approach in addressing adverse mental health effects to astronauts during long term space missions.","authors":"Arthur Saniotis, Maciej Henneberg, Kazhaleh Mohammadi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2025.1558625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1558625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although evolutionary medicine has produced several novel insights for explaining prevalent health issues, it has yet to sufficiently address possible adverse mental health effects of humans during long-term space missions While evolutionary applications to medicine have increased over the past 20 years, there is scope for the integration of evolutionary applications in the new branch of space medicine called bioastronautics, which analyses the effects on human bodies when in outer space. Evolutionary principles may explain what kinds of space environments increase mental health risks to astronauts, both in the short and long term; secondly, evolutionary principles may provide a more informed understanding of the evolutionary mismatch between terrestrial and space environments in which astronauts exist. This information may assist in developing frameworks for improving mental health of astronauts and future space colonists. Consequently, this paper will focus on some of the major evolutionary mismatches currently confronting astronauts' mental health, with an aim to improve medical knowledge. It will also provide possible therapeutic countermeasures based on evolutionary principles for reducing adverse mental effects on astronauts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1558625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}