Frontiers in Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Cardiac ventricular Kir6.1 ATP-sensitive potassium channels: an overlooked effector of cardioprotection.","authors":"Sean Brennan, Samir Makwana, Shen Chen, Lauren R McGuinness, Moustafa Sweihi, Jacob A Whitmore, Mahmoud E Elghayesh, Christopher A Martin, Noorann Sheikh, Manish Patel, Phoebe Malin, Mark W Sims, Caroline Dart, Richard D Rainbow","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1808226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1808226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels are octameric structures, comprising a pore-forming homotetramer of Kir6.1 or Kir6.2, with 4 accessory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits. The canonical ventricular K_ATP channel is the highly ATP-sensitive Kir6.2/SUR2A complex, which is largely inactive under normal physiological conditions. Pharmacological activation of K_ATP channels is cardioprotective, but cardioprotective interventions, such as ischaemic preconditioning, preserve cellular ATP and cause a delay in Kir6.2/SUR2A activation. Recently we demonstrated functional expression of a second, Kir6.1-containing, ventricular K_ATP channel population that is constitutively active and modulates action potential duration. Here, we characterise the effects of cardioprotective stimuli on this newly identified K_ATP channel population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patch-clamp recordings were used to investigate channel activity, in control cardiomyocytes, following adenosine or K_ATP modulator treatment, and in cardiomyocytes isolated from ischaemic-preconditioned whole hearts. Metabolic inhibition and washout experiments, together with whole-heart coronary ligation protocols, were used to assess markers of cardioprotection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cardioprotective stimuli increased Kir6.1 channel activity leading to action potential shortening, reduced Ca²⁺ accumulation and preserved contractile function, all hallmarks of a cardioprotected phenotype. Furthermore, inherent cardioprotection in female-derived cardiomyocytes correlates to increased Kir6.1 activity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that the two functionally distinct populations of ventricular K_ATP channels play different roles in cardioprotection. Kir6.1-containing channels acutely control action potential duration, limiting Ca ²⁺ accumulation in the early stages of metabolic stress, whilst the canonical Kir6.2/SUR2A channel imparts late-stage protection against catastrophic ATP depletion. This role for Kir6.1 in cardioprotection suggests that this channel should be considered in drug development pipelines where channel block may inhibit endogenous cardioprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1808226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations in red blood cell indices and physical performance following bungy pump training in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Yiantao Niu, Monika Wiech, Guoping Qian, Sujie Mao, Zbigniew Ossowski","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1824312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1824312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study examined the effects of a 12-week Bungy Pump Training (BPT) program on red blood cell (RBC) indices, physical performance, and anthropometric parameters in postmenopausal women (PW).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six PW were allocated to the BPT group (n = 30) and the Daily Activity (DA) group (n = 26). The BPT group participated in supervised 60-minute sessions three times per week for 12 weeks, while the DA group performed daily activities. RBC indices, physical performance (6-minute walk test, 6MWT), and anthropometric parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT06781541 on 17/01/2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant interaction was observed for mean corpuscular volume (p < 0.001), with an increase in the BPT group and a decrease in the DA group. Significant time effects were found for RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and 6MWT (all p < 0.05). Following the intervention, the BPT group showed reductions in RBC and hemoglobin and an improvement in 6MWT, while the DA group also demonstrated an increase in 6MWT. A significant group effect indicated greater improvement in 6MWT (BPT: p = 0.018, d = 0.42; DA: p = 0.004, d = 0.35) in the BPT group compared with the DA group. A significant between-group difference in red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation change was observed; however, within-group changes were not significant. Additionally, reductions in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and arm circumference were observed in the BPT group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 12-week BPT program was associated with changes in RBC indices and improvements in physical performance in PW. BPT was safe and well-tolerated, and may represent a feasible non-pharmacological strategy to support functional capacity and aspects of cardiovascular health in aging populations. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1824312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory study of reactive agility and sprint performance during Ramadan intermittent fasting in male adolescent handball players from a Tunisian club.","authors":"Mohamed Riadh Bedoui, Mohamed Amine Ltifi, Aymen Bourezgui, Constantin Șufaru, Silviu Ioan Pavel, Anișoara Sandovici, Dan Iulian Alexe, Ridha Aouadi","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1778885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1778885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This exploratory study investigated performance changes across the Ramadan period in adolescent U18 male handball players, focusing on reactive agility, linear sprint performance, and pre-planned change-of-direction (Modified Agility Test: MAT) in U18 male handball players. Given the observational design, findings should be interpreted cautiously.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty adolescent players (mean age 17.5 ± 0.09 years) from a competitive Tunisian club were assessed at five time points: before Ramadan, during weeks 1, 2, and 4, and two weeks post-Ramadan. Tests included 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m sprints, the Modified Agility T-test (MAT), and a Y-shaped reactive agility test (RAT). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RAT performance progressively deteriorated across Ramadan and remained impaired two weeks post- Ramadan (p < 0.001). Sprint performance showed transient improvements early in Ramadan, followed by declines, particularly over 20-30 m. MAT performance remained relatively stable across all time points. Body mass and body mass index decreased significantly during Ramadan (p < 0.001) and returned close to baseline post-Ramadan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This exploratory study observed selective performance changes across the Ramadan period, with RAT declining most consistently, sprint performance showing transient changes, and MAT remaining relatively stable despite statistically significant differences. These findings may reflect the combined influence of physiological and contextual factors. However, due to the observational design and absence of a control group, causality cannot be established and results should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1778885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in skeletal muscle regeneration: from physiology to bioengineering approaches for repair and restoration.","authors":"Kamal Awad, Julia Aguirre, Misturat Adegbite, Akhilla Sajeev Kumar, Ahmed S Yacoub, Mingxin Xia, Marco Brotto","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1789642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1789642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue essential for voluntary movement, metabolism, and thermoregulation. Yet, its intrinsic regenerative capacity is overwhelmed in volumetric muscle loss (VML), where damage exceeds the native repair threshold. Conventional treatments such as muscle flaps and grafts provide only partial structural and functional recovery, underscoring the need for regenerative strategies that more precisely recapitulate the molecular and cellular physiology of muscle healing. This review first outlines the physiology of injury and muscle regeneration, with emphasis on key molecular pathways that govern inflammation, fibrosis, and myogenesis in VML. Building on this biological framework, we then examine hydrogels as soft material platforms for skeletal muscle tissue engineering, including: (i) acellular hydrogels and nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels designed to modulate the biochemical and biophysical microenvironment; (ii) cell-loaded hydrogels that deliver myogenic or stem/progenitor cell populations; and (iii) drug-loaded hydrogels for localized, sustained release of growth factors, cytokines, nucleic acids, or small molecules. Finally, we discuss emerging directions, including nanoparticle-integrated systems, dynamically stiffening or softening hydrogels, and advanced biofabrication approaches, and consider how these cellularized and acellular drug-, cell-, or nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels can be strategically leveraged to treat complex skeletal muscle injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1789642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic responses and molecular mechanisms of glucagon-regulated glucose metabolism in Japanese flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>).","authors":"Ting Zhang, Hongquan Wang, Tiaoyi Xiao, Mengxi Yang, Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1825972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1825972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon is a key hormone regulating gluconeogenesis and glucose homeostasis in mammals, yet its regulatory mechanisms in glucose metabolism in carnivorous fish remain incompletely understood. To systematically investigate glucagon-mediated glucose metabolism in Japanese flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>), liver samples were collected before glucagon injection (0 h) and at 1 h and 6 h post-injection for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Transcriptome analysis identified numerous differentially expressed genes involved in glucose and energy metabolism. In total, 507, 1458, and 709 differentially expressed genes were detected in the comparisons of 0 h vs 1 h, 1 h vs 6 h, and 0 h vs 6 h, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that glucagon activated pathways related to glucagon signaling, insulin resistance, FoxO signaling, and energy metabolism, including AMPK and PPAR pathways, suggesting that glucagon rapidly stimulates gluconeogenesis. At 6 h post-injection, genes involved in glycolysis and glucose transport were upregulated, whereas key gluconeogenic genes were downregulated, indicating attenuation of glucagon-induced metabolic responses. Further analysis showed that glucagon suppressed the insulin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Among the candidate genes, SOCS3 and TRIB3 were upregulated and may serve as key regulators linking glucagon and insulin signaling. Functional experiments further showed that knockdown of TRIB3 reduced glucose levels in hepatocyte culture medium and increased the expression of insulin signaling-related genes. Overall, glucagon regulates glucose metabolism in Japanese flounder by promoting gluconeogenesis while suppressing insulin signaling, providing transcriptomic insights into endocrine regulation in carnivorous fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1825972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and translational evaluation of animal models for skin wound healing: a systematic review.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Kai Leng, Miao Dong, Jinxuan Wu, Zi Wang, Qiao Zhu, Xinghua Gao, Yan Sun","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1800001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1800001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin wounds, encompassing acute injuries and chronic refractory ulcers, impose substantial physical and economic burdens globally. While animal models are indispensable for dissecting wound healing pathophysiology and testing therapeutic interventions, the discordance between preclinical findings and clinical outcomes remains a critical challenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To provide a standardized reference for model selection, we conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2025. Inclusion criteria focused on <i>in vivo</i> cutaneous wound models in mice, rats, and rabbits that reported quantitative outcomes (e.g., closure kinetics, histology, molecular markers). Studies lacking separate control groups or sufficient methodological detail were excluded. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 129 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized. We systematically categorized and evaluated mainstream models: (1) Acute wounds: Rodent incisional/excisional models facilitate high-throughput screening but are limited by contraction-dominant healing, whereas rabbit ear models better approximate human re-epithelialization. (2) Chronic wounds: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic models in mice and rats predominate but often lack the macrovascular complications of human ulcers, necessitating novel composite models incorporating ischemia and biofilm infection. (3) Pathological scarring: Tension-induced models (e.g., suture anchoring, mechanical stretching) are identified as critical for studying mechanotransduction pathways (e.g., YAP/TAZ) absent in traditional unstressed models. Furthermore, our review identifies a pervasive male bias in study design. We highlight that sex steroids critically modulate inflammation and angiogenesis-with estrogen typically promoting and androgens delaying repair-necessitating the inclusion of both sexes or specific hormone-depleted models (e.g., ovariectomized females) to improve clinical predictive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No single animal model perfectly recapitulates human cutaneous repair. Based on the synthesis of 129 studies, we propose a hierarchical translational framework: utilizing genetically tractable mice for mechanistic discovery, rats for longitudinal pharmacological screening, and rabbits or porcine models for the validation of scar quality and epithelial closure prior to clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1800001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple threat: a review on nanoplastic ecotoxicity, pollutant co-exposures, and climate change in freshwater organisms.","authors":"Analía Ale, Victoria S Andrade, Lidwina Bertrand, María Florencia Gutierrez","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1808330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1808330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic-waste pollution has become one of the major threats to the entire environment, including the aquatic ecosystems. Vast literature is available on microplastics ecotoxicity; however, further degradation leads to nano-sized plastics, or nanoplastics (NP), which were reported to be more reactive and even more toxic for the aquatic biota despite the fact that they were studied to a lesser extent. In a context of a changing world, where freshwater systems are particularly sensitive, and the ecotoxicology of plastic as a nanopollutant has been poorly addressed in comparison with the marine environment, the objective of this study is to evaluate the physiological effects in case of NP co-exposures with other pollutants and/or stressors, and also provide further insights into in a context of climate change (CC) based on peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025. The most represented groups were freshwater algae, microinvertebrate and fish; however, they were predominantly represented by a few model species: <i>Chlorella</i> spp. alga, <i>Daphnia magna</i> microcrustacean, and <i>Danio rerio</i> fish, respectively. Metals and pesticides were the most frequently studied co-stressors. Synergistic interactions emerged as particularly relevant, often linked to NP acting as pollutant vectors through Trojan horse-derived mechanism. Regarding CC, rising temperature was the most assessed variable, generally enhancing NP toxicity in freshwater organisms. Our findings highlight the complexity of realistic co-exposure scenarios and emphasize the need for ecotoxicological studies that address multiple stressors in a changing world.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1808330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity-adapted graded exercise rehabilitation reduces systemic inflammation and improves functional capacity in hospitalized AECOPD: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Hui Zeng, Yue Chen, Hongmin Ran, Dehua Zhao, Yan Wang, Dandan Fu, Nana Yang, Jimei Luo, Lina Ma, Qiuhang Hu, Lulu Huang, Changxiu Li, Luwen Luo, Rong Liu","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1767608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1767608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospitalized acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is characterized by heightened systemic inflammation and rapid decline in functional capacity. Although exercise rehabilitation is recommended, the physiological appropriateness of exercise intensity during acute hospitalization remains uncertain, particularly across different levels of disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial enrolled 141 hospitalized patients with AECOPD. Participants were stratified by disease severity (Grade I-III) and randomized to either a severity-adapted graded exercise rehabilitation program (Study group, n=70) or conventional exercise rehabilitation (Control group, n=71) for 2 weeks from admission, in addition to standard medical treatment. The severity-adapted program applied an inverse matching strategy to optimize relative physiological load, whereby patients with more severe disease received lower-intensity exercise and those with milder disease received higher-intensity exercise. Primary outcomes were changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], and white blood cell count [WBC]). Secondary outcomes included functional capacity and symptom-related measures, assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with conventional rehabilitation, severity-adapted graded exercise resulted in a more favorable inflammatory marker profile and greater improvements in functional capacity and symptom burden. Among the inflammatory outcomes, the most statistically robust between-group differences were observed for IL-8, TNF-α, and WBC, whereas IL-6 and hs-CRP showed directionally consistent but more modest evidence. Within the severity-adapted group, patients with milder disease tended to show larger anti-inflammatory and functional gains under higher, well-tolerated relative exercise intensity, whereas patients with moderate-to-severe disease achieved stable improvements under low-to-moderate intensity training. No consistent severity-dependent response pattern was observed in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severity-adapted graded exercise rehabilitation initiated during hospitalization for AECOPD was associated with a more favorable inflammatory profile and greater improvements in functional capacity and symptom-related outcomes than conventional exercise rehabilitation. These findings support a severity- and function-informed strategy for individualized exercise prescription in hospitalized patients with AECOPD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR; ChiCTR2300072409.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1767608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-enhanced non-invasive monitoring of critical biochemical analytes in perioperative care: a review of signal processing and clinical applications.","authors":"Xiang Li, Jizhou Wang, Xiaoqin Jiang, Na Hu, Dongxu Chen","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1794432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1794432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current perioperative monitoring of critical biochemical analytes predominantly relies on intermittent arterial blood gas analysis, which carries inherent risks of invasiveness and discontinuous data acquisition. Emerging evidence suggests that variations in electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram waveforms may hold significant predictive value for detecting critical biochemical analytes changes. Advances in artificial intelligence analysis technologies have further accelerated the development of non-invasive monitoring tools, including real-time non-invasive blood glucose monitoring for diabetic patients and blood potassium monitoring for renal dialysis patients. This review highlights the urgent clinical need for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of the critical biochemical analytes during the perioperative period. It provides a comprehensive summary of current monitoring technologies and signals related to critical biochemical analytes, with a focus on their potential application in non-invasive blood gas monitoring. Based on existing evidence, key analytes such as serum potassium, serum calcium, lactate, and blood glucose have demonstrated robust research foundations and are the primary focus of this review. However, further clinical validation is urgently required to confirm their reliability and applicability in clinical settings. Integrating artificial intelligence with traditional monitoring systems has the potential to significantly enhance the precision, timeliness, and effectiveness of perioperative care. These findings suggest that AI-enhanced non-invasive monitoring could reduce unnecessary blood sampling while providing earlier detection of critical biochemical analytes disorder. Successful clinical translation requires standardized validation protocols and hardware-software co-development to address current limitations in measurement consistency and clinical workflow integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1794432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and reversibility of hepatic steatosis in male Mule duck.","authors":"Ophélie Bernardi, Maxime Reverchon, Christelle Ramé, Eleni Zoi Glaveli, Hervé Rémignon, Pascal Froment, Joëlle Dupont","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2026.1804237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1804237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and molecular shifts in male Mule ducks during an assisted-feeding period and the subsequent recovery phase following the cessation of overfeeding. While assisted-feeding is known to induce significant hepatic changes, the timeline and extent of the liver's capacity to return to a basal state remain critical areas of inquiry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Mule ducks were subjected to a period of assisted-feeding followed by a recovery phase where they returned to an ad libitum diet. We monitored body weight and liver mass, analyzed plasma metabolic markers (including lipids and liver enzymes), and evaluated hepatic composition. Molecular analysis was conducted to assess gene expression related to lipogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis, while antioxidant enzyme activities and hypoxia markers were measured to determine cellular stress levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Assisted-feeding significantly increased body weight, liver mass, and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by a sharp rise in plasma markers such as triglycerides, cholesterol, and liver enzymes (ALAT, LDH, ALP). At the molecular level, there was a marked upregulation of genes involved in lipogenesis (scd1, dgat2), inflammation (TNFα, IL8), and apoptosis. Furthermore, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, Cat, GPX1) and markers of hypoxia (HIF-1α, HIF-2α) indicated significant metabolic load and cellular stress. Following the cessation of overfeeding, most physiological and biochemical parameters, including liver mass and enzyme levels, returned to control values within 20 to 29 days. Notably, while hepatic alterations were fully abolished, abdominal fat remained significantly higher in ex-force-fed ducks compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that hepatic steatosis induced by assisted-feeding in Mule ducks is a highly reversible process. Despite triggering significant oxidative stress, hypoxia, and inflammatory responses, the avian liver exhibits a remarkable regenerative capacity, returning to its basal physiological and molecular state within 29 days of returning to a standard diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1804237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}