Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Tissue histology and depuration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from dairy cattle with lifetime exposures to PFAS-contaminated drinking water and feed.","authors":"Sara J Lupton, David J Smith, Erin B Howey, Ann S Predgen, Carrie E Schmidt, Eric Scholljegerdes, Shanna Ivey, Emilio Esteban, John J Johnston","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2444560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2444560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma, milk and tissue samples were collected from 30 dairy cattle (0.4 to 8.9 years of age) with lifetime exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removed from a PFAS-contaminated farm and provided PFAS-free feed and water. Twenty cattle were slaughtered 2 weeks after removal from the farm and tissues were collected for histological and residue analyses. Milk and/or plasma were collected from all remaining cattle at 2-week intervals and milk samples were collected daily but were analyzed at the same intervals as plasma samples. The remaining cattle were slaughtered 20 and 22 weeks after the initial set of 20 animals were slaughtered. While many incidental and normal background findings were noted on histological evaluation, no consistent histological finding was associated with PFAS exposure. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluoro butane sulfonic acid (PFBS) were not generally detected in milk, plasma and tissues, but perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA) were quantifiable throughout the 22-week withdrawal period in most matrices. Estimated plasma half-lives of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS), linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (L-PFOS), perfluoro-3-methyl heptanesulfonate (3Me-PFOS) and perfluoro-6-methyl heptanesulfonate (6Me-PFOS) ranged from 4 to 10 weeks, but the estimates were associated with large confidence intervals. Across animal status (heifer, lactating, dry), natural log transformed (Ln) plasma residues of PFHxS and L-PFOS were generally well correlated with Ln-transformed PFHxS and L-PFOS residues in lung, muscle, liver and kidney (R², 0.7572 to 0.9394) whereas the strongest relationships of Ln-transformed L-PFOS residues among tissues were between lung and liver, kidney and muscle (R², 0.8287 to 0.9138).</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of oxyphenisatine and its total ester derivatives content in fermented green plum by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"Zhihua Zhang, Zhanqiang Hu, Baolin Xia","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2446709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2446709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Illegal additives such as oxyphenisatine and its esters are prevalent in the slimming food industry, necessitating a robust analytical method for their detection. This study presents a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for the rapid and accurate quantification of total oxyphenisatine levels in fermented green plum, following hydrolysis of its esters. An efficient ultrasonic extraction with a methanol and 0.1 mol/L NaOH mixture (5:5, <i>v/v</i>) was optimised to hydrolyse esters to oxyphenisatine within 18 min. Chromatographic separation was conducted on a C18 column (Waters Acquity UPLC BEH, 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile under gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The method demonstrated linearity (<i>r</i>² > 0.999) over 0.1-500 µg/L, with a LOD of 10 µg/kg and LOQ of 30 µg/kg. Quantitative analysis employed positive ion multi-response monitoring and external standardisation, achieving recoveries of 92.4-97.0% and RSDs of 2.9-4.1%. Application to ten real samples gave a 90% detection rate, with measured values closely aligning with theoretical predictions (-11.3 to 13.2% relative difference) and oxyphenisatine content ranging from 159 µg/kg to 452 mg/kg. This UPLC-MS/MS method provides a reliable and efficient tool for monitoring the presence of oxyphenisatine and its derivatives in the context of food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-assisted extraction of aflatoxin M1 in Brazilian artisanal cheese using reversed-phase liquid chromatography.","authors":"Juliana T Maffei, Mariana C Souza, Caio V P Marcelão, Marta H Taniwaki","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2447047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2447047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brazil is an influential and successful food-producing country, where we can highlight artisanal cheeses gaining visibility in foreign markets. Some of these cheeses are made from raw milk, making them susceptible to contamination by microorganisms, including fungi, which can produce harmful mycotoxins. Feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1, when consumed by dairy animals, is metabolized and transformed into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is excreted in milk. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the occurrence of AFM1 in artisanal cheeses from two Brazilian states: Minas Gerais and São Paulo. This toxin was extracted from 10 g of sample and 50 ml pepsin solution. An aliquot of the extract was passed through an immunoaffinity column, eluted, and dried under nitrogen. For the analysis of the detection and quantification of AFM1, the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence detection system was used. A total of 130 samples were analyzed; 41 tested positive for AFM1, while 89 were negative. Out of 41 positive samples, only two were above the maximum tolerated limit by ANVISA of 2.5 µg/kg. These results show the importance of investigating the occurrence of AFM1 in artisanal cheeses, aiming to prevent and increase food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distillation as an alternative use for deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat or rye: minimal carryover of deoxynivalenol into distilled spirits.","authors":"Jiaying Wu, Phillip Manning, Matthew J Stasiewicz","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2447063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2447063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing deoxynivalenol (DON) risks is crucial for the sustainability of small grain farms. One approach involves profitable utilization of contaminated grain resources, addressing potential losses from food safety concerns. This study explored distillation as a high-value alternative for utilizing DON-contaminated grain. Naturally DON-contaminated rye and wheat were used in two pilot-scale distillation runs involving milling, mashing, fermentation, and distillation. The ground grain, slurry, fermented mash, and post-distillation mash were sampled during process. For the distilled spirit, 29 fractionated samples, each containing 125 ml, were collected starting with the first drop of liquor. The fractionated samples were sequentially combined into 6 pooled samples of up to 5 individual fractions. If a pooled sample had a DON level above the lower limit of quantification, samples of the pool were tested individually. All distillate samples were tested by ELISA with a limit of quantification at 0.05 µg/ml and a limit of detection at 0.01 µg/ml. For both rye and wheat runs, DON levels in all distillate fractions were consistently below 1 µg/ml, reducing from barely quantifiable to below 0.01 µg/ml. The DON levels in ground rye and wheat were 3.62 and 2.69 µg/g, respectively. In the rye distilled spirit, the first pooled sample had a DON level of 0.1 µg/ml, and the first two fractions of that pool had DON levels of 0.1 and 0.06 µg/ml. In the wheat distilled spirit, the first pooled sample had a DON level of 0.05 µg/ml, and the first fraction of that pool had DON level of 0.12 µg/ml. All other distilled spirits had DON levels below 0.01 µg/ml. The results showed that distilled liquor from DON-contaminated rye and wheat contains very low DON levels at most. From a food safety perspective, considering DON-contaminated grain as an ingredient for distilled spirits appears viable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasible approaches for arsenic speciation analysis in foods for dietary exposure assessment: a review.","authors":"Stephen W C Chung","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2449663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2449663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic (As) occurs naturally in different forms and oxidation states. Amongst them, inorganic arsenic (iAs) is classified as both genotoxic and carcinogenic whilst other organic arsenic species are considered less toxic. As in rice is mainly present in the form of iAs which therefore poses a health risk to populations that consume rice as a staple food. In 2011, the Joint Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation Expert Committee on Food Additives determined the iAs benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 0.5% increased incidence of lung cancer in humans (BMDL_0.5) which computed to be 3.0 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recently lowered the BMDL_0.5 of iAs to 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day based on a low risk of bias case-control/cohort study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Subsequently, EFSA established a BMDL₁₀ of 18.2 mg monomethylarsenic (V) (MMA(V))/kg bw/day and 1.1 mg dimethylarsenic (V) (DMA(V))/kg bw/day as RPs with reference to studies on skin cancer and urinary bladder tumours in rats respectively. Therefore, As speciation is essential when conducting dietary exposure assessment. Recent studies showed thiolated counterparts of MMA and DMA were found in certain foodstuffs, especially grain. However, these thiolated As species were not recognised in acidic, basic or peroxide systems as they transformed to MMA and DMA in these extractants. Therefore, one of the objectives of this review was to assess whether published analytical methods are fit for As speciation analysis, especially for iAs, MMA and DMA, in foodstuffs. Besides, discussion was conducted on whether limits of detection are sufficiently low for dietary exposure assessment with respect to recently established RPs of iAs, MMA and DMA when an upper bound approach is applied. Moreover, possible future research gaps are identified based on current knowledge and existing literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous determination of twelve microcystins in algal supplements on the Chinese market and possible risks to exposed populations.","authors":"Tongtong Liu, Shanshan Sun, Shaoming Jin, Xiao Ning, Po Chen, Hui Xiao, Jin Cao","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2443933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2443933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Algae supplements are widely recognized for their nutritional benefits and are commonly marketed as natural health products. However, concerns regarding contamination with cyanobacterial toxins have been raised. Moreover, there is very little data regarding the potential contamination of algal supplements on the Chinese market by these toxins. In this study, we employed a validated solid-phase extraction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS) method to analyze algal supplements available in China. Therefore, this study optimized the extraction conditions for twelve microcystins (MCs) simultaneously using response surface methodology (RSM) and analyzed <i>via</i> UHPLC-MS/MS. Method validation was conducted in four supplement matrices (capsule, liquid, powder, and tablet) to ensure the method's accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Analysis of nineteen commercial algae products available in China using the validated method revealed the presence of four MCs: microcystin-LF (MC-LF), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), microcystin-LA (MC-LA), and microcystin-YR (MC-YR). Furthermore, seven products were found to contain one or more of the MCs, with two products exceeding the 1 μg/g MC limit. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the validated method in assessing MC contamination of algae supplements and consequently identifying consumers expected to be at risk from prolonged exposure to recommended daily algal supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glyphosate losses through various stages of coffee production and consequences for human exposure.","authors":"Gerhard Bytof, Oliver Suesse-Herrmann, Meike Holtmann, Jessica A Falenski, Viviane Theurillat, Gerhard Eisenbrand","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2427667","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2427667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green coffee beans, rejected for commercial use because of glyphosate contamination, were examined to monitor their glyphosate levels from harvest, through roasting, until various coffee extractions. The green beans, Arabica and Robusta, exhibited glyphosate levels above the EU-MRL (0.14-0.21 mg/kg), representing a worst-case scenario. The beans were roasted to different degrees and subsequently used for different coffee preparations. As a result of roasting (>200 °C), glyphosate contents were reduced, frequently by more than 73%. Remarkably, up to 9% of initial glyphosate was removed together with the silverskin, already at lower temperatures. Filtered and instant coffee beverages prepared from respective coffee samples resulted in virtually quantitative glyphosate transfer. Glyphosate transfer was significantly less for espresso, and ristretto, apparently due to the reduced amounts of water used for extraction. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was not detectable on any process level, confirming that AMPA is not a thermal glyphosate degradation product. In conclusion, compelling evidence is provided that glyphosate contamination becomes considerably reduced during roasting, whereas beverage preparation contributes at best to a minor further reduction. In consequence, even unusually high initial glyphosate loads in green beans are strongly reduced by the roasting process, resulting in a final cup content of <0.4 µg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"59-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing sheep on pastures with tansy ragwort (<i>Senecio jacobaea</i> L.) - results of a two-year study on ingested pyrrolizidine alkaloids and transfer into animal organs.","authors":"Sabine Aboling, Susanne Ohlsen, Aiko Huckauf, Julian Tänzer, Anja These, Robert Pieper, Marie-Lena Hass, Nikola Lenzewski, Martin Ganter","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2435325","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2435325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tansy ragwort (<i>Senecio jacobaea</i> L.) growing in animal pasture may pose a risk to humans due to the potential transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) into food of animal origin. Here, we investigated what amount of PAs corresponds to the amount of ragwort consumed by sheep on a pasture and whether the ingested PAs are transferred into edible tissue. From 2020 to 2021, a field study was conducted with 70 sheep grazing on a pasture (stocking density of 12 sheep/hectare) with considerable quantities of tansy ragwort. After slaughter, blood samples were taken for analysis of liver enzyme activities and haemoglobin concentration. Samples of ruminal fluid, liver and diaphragm pillar were analysed for PAs. The amount of ingested ragwort was determined by counting missing plant parts and calculating their weight using reference material. The mean daily intake of ragwort per sheep ranged from 0.16 kg to 4.89 kg fresh matter and corresponded to PA doses from 0.3 to 40.9 mg/kg body weight with no effect on the liver enzyme activities. The PA concentrations in the animal tissue were between the limit of detection and a maximum of 8.0 µg/kg in the liver and 2.5 µg/kg in muscle. These data suggest that the risk is negligible of exposure to PAs through consumption of meat or liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoencapsulation with Eudragit® and chia mucilage increases the stability and antifungal efficacy of carvacrol against <i>Aspergillus</i> spp.","authors":"Athos Aramis Tópor Nunes, Flávio Fonseca Veras, Fabiola Ayres Cacciatore, Rafaela Diogo Silveira, Patrícia da Silva Malheiros, Juliane Elisa Welke","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2427670","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2427670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carvacrol is a consolidated natural antimicrobial. However, its use in food is a challenge due to characteristic odour and high volatility. Nanoencapsulation has emerged to overcome these drawbacks. <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. represent a concern in grapes for causing rot and producing mycotoxins. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of carvacrol (unencapsulated and loaded into Eudragit^® and chia nanocapsules) on the growth of <i>Aspergillus</i> species. Spore germination and mycelial growth of <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. were evaluated using the agar dilution culture method. The stability of nanocapsules during storage was monitored monthly by evaluating the particle size distribution, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Antifungal and antitoxigenic effectiveness of nanocapsules were assessed by counting fungal colony-forming units and determining mycotoxin levels in grapes. A dose-dependent effect of carvacrol (unencapsulated and encapsulated forms) on spore germination and mycelial growth was observed. During 180 days of storage, carvacrol into Eudragit^® nanocapsules preserved their nanometric dimensions, whereas chia nanocapsules maintained this characteristic for 30 days. The antifungal effectiveness of both encapsulated forms persisted for 210 days. No mycotoxin was found, even when fungal growth was not completely suppressed. Nanoencapsulated carvacrol proved to be a new promising antifungal product to ensure quality and safety in the grape production chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"75-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatographic determination of oxytetracycline in milk product samples using liquid-liquid microextraction procedure.","authors":"Ilona Kiszkiel-Taudul, Martyna Skorupska","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2430277","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2024.2430277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miniaturized procedures for chemical analysis give the possibility of a significant reduction in quantities of organic solvents used during isolation and determination processes. Liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) using butanol as an extractant was investigated to selectively isolate oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic residues from dairy products. The optimal conditions of LLME were established after deproteinization of the samples. The isolation procedure for OTC was performed using 700 µL of butanol. The extracts were analysed by HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS. A satisfactory analyte recovery was achieved in the range 97.6%-98.9%. The concentration of the linearity range of the studied antibiotic should allow its determination at the level of MRL values. The limit of detection during HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS determination of OTC in milk samples was 9.9·10^-8mol L^-1 (47.85 µg kg^-1) and 5.7·10^-9mol L^-1 (2.75 µg kg^-1), respectively. The precision (1.7%-8.6%) of the methods using LLME isolation of OTC varied depending on the kind of sample and the chromatographic technique used. The developed methods were applied to the analysis of milk and cottage cheese to estimate the presence and detection of OTC content.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}