Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Detection and screening of organophosphate esters in infant formula from Shanghai, China: distribution characteristics and risk evaluation.","authors":"Ruiqi Du, Jing Zhou, Shenping Zhang, Yuanyuan Chen, Bingli Lei, Xiaolan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2459218","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2459218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have raised great concerns in recent years. However, information regarding their occurrence in infant formula remains limited. Thus, thirty-two OPEs were measured in infant formula sold in Shanghai, China in 2023. The results showed that OPE occurrence in infant formula was widespread. The median concentrations of organophosphate diesters, organophosphate triesters, and total OPEs were 2.28, 5.20, and 8.63 ng/g, respectively. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) showed the highest median concentration (1.95 ng/g), followed by triethyl phosphate, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP), tri-isobutyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate (0.532-0.581 ng/g). The dominant chloro-OPEs (TCPP and BCPP) were regional-specific. Compared to corresponding triesters, the diester concentrations were often lower, except for bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and tributoxyethyl phosphate. Additionally, five novel OPEs with phenyl groups were identified, showing high detection frequencies and comparable concentrations to TCPP. Raw materials and food processing methods might affect individual OPEs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) ranged from 62.3 to 355 ng/kg bw/day. The highest EDI occurred in infants of 0-6 months of age but posed no obvious health risk for infants and toddlers. Further studies are still needed to evaluate the possible health implications arising from the novel OPEs and their metabolites, as well as the potentially synergistic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"465-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an analytical method for guazatine pesticides in agricultural products using LC-MS/MS.","authors":"So Hee Park, Dogyung Oh, Eun Joo Baek, Tae Woong Na","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2467625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2467625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guazatine, a non-invasive disinfectant used for seed treatment and post-harvest citrus protection, inhibits bacterial lipid synthesis and consists of about 13 components. While it may occasionally be detected in fruits and vegetables such as citrus, its use as a pesticide has been banned in several countries due to health and environmental concerns. To ensure safe export of domestic produce, a simultaneous method of analysis for guazatine components was developed, focusing on GG, GGG, GGN, and GNG as indicators. Using LC-MS/MS, samples were extracted with a 3% formic acid/acetone mixture and purified with hexane. The method was validated across five agricultural products (mandarin, pepper, potato, brown rice, and soybean), achieving an <i>r</i>² above 0.995, and detection and quantitation limits of 0.8 and 2.5 µg/L, respectively. Ion suppression was high, with matrix effects ranging from -84.2 to -89.8%. Recovery rates were 70.2-99.6%, with relative standard deviations under 6.8%. Cross-laboratory validation showed recovery rates of 70.3-106.7% and relative standard deviations below 15.0%, meeting CODEX guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of a novel bisacodyl analogue, bisacodyl dicycloproyl carboxylate, as a potential illegal additive in a dried plum product advertised for weight loss.","authors":"Xian-Xian Li, Feng Jiang, Hong Yu, Xiao-Jing Huang, Jing-Xian Zhang, Jin-Tao Xia, Ying-Ying Ran, Fan Huang, Jian Sun, Qing Hu","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2483254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2483254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the process of a routine illegal adulterant inspection of food products sold online, a suspicious compound was detected in a dried plum food product, which claimed to have a natural weight loss effect. After mass spectrometric analysis the similarity between MS/MS peaks of this compound and that of bisacodyl, it was hypothesized to be a bisacodyl derivative. The chemical structure of the unknown compound was characterized by ultra-HPLC with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS), HPLC-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Based on these results, it was confirmed that the unknown compound had the substitution of two acetyl groups in bisacodyl by two cyclopropanecarbonyl groups, respectively. This distinctive compound has been termed as bisacodyl dicycloproyl carboxylate. The new compound has not been reported yet, and therefore the detection of bisacodyl analogue should be included in routine inspection of diet foods and health products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined intake assessment of seven sweeteners via foods and beverages by the Dutch population using branded data.","authors":"Corinne Sprong, Nanette Vrijenhoek, Jan Dirk Te Biesebeek, Maryse Niekerk, Nynke Koopman, Matthijs Sam, Ivon Milder","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2479865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2479865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intake of seven sweeteners (acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamates, saccharins, steviol glycosides, sucralose (all chronic intake) and erythritol (acute intake)) <i>via</i> foods and beverages by the Dutch population was assessed in a refined assessment using branded data (product labels, use levels and consumption shares of brands) and scenarios for brand-loyalty. In general, the intake of these sweeteners was below their respective health-based guidance values (HBGVs). Only for toddlers high intakes of acesulfame K, cyclamates and erythritol were around or slightly above the HBGV in the most conservative scenario ('full brand-loyalty, consumers only'). However, intake of all sweeteners was likely overestimated due to conservative assumptions when data on the presence of sweeteners were absent. Improved information, particularly on products with a high contribution to the sweetener intake in toddlers, is needed to further refine the intake assessment. In conclusion, the intake of all sweeteners <i>via</i> foods and beverages is most likely of no concern for the Dutch population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of patulin in apple juice using cysteine capped Fe₃O₄ nanoadsorbent.","authors":"Giti Paimard, Elahe Ahmadi, Hamideh Roshanfekr, Fariba Mollarasouli, Azadeh Azadbakht, Mehregan Safari","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2478616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2478616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the preparation of L-cysteine capped Fe₃O₄ (magnetite) nanoparticles (LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs), with a particular focus on their potential as an adsorbent and also the efficiency of these NPs in the removal of patulin from apple juice. The methods employed, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), effectively showed the synthesis of LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs. The proposed method was not only used for patulin removal; rather, it significantly enhanced the sensitivity of patulin measurement. The efficiency of patulin elimination was affected by many factors, including contact time (5-140 min), patulin initial concentration (50-150 µg/L), and amount of NPs (1-5 mg). The synthesized adsorbent achieved a removal efficiency of 98.6% for patulin adsorption at pH = 3.8. This was accomplished by employing 3 mg LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs over a 100-min duration, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity of 454 µg/g for the initial concentration of patulin 50 µg/L. This high removal efficiency can be attributed to active surface sites (-NH₂ and -COOH groups). The removal information obtained from an HPLC method, using the prepared adsorbent, exhibited a good fit with the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a multi-layer adsorption process on the adsorbent. The experimental findings were analyzed using an adsorption kinetic model, revealing that the adsorption kinetics of patulin onto LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs conformed to the pseudo-second-order model. In conclusion, the proposed method demonstrated remarkable efficacy in decreasing patulin concentrations in contaminated apple juice by approximately 81.5%. Moreover, the adsorption process had no impact on the quality of the apple juice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congener-specific transfer modelling of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in free-ranging cattle grazing in the Dutch floodplains.","authors":"Jordi Minnema, Sylvia Notenboom, Joost Westerhout, Ron L A P Hoogenboom, Suzanne Jeurissen","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2478076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2478076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cattle grazing in the Dutch floodplains are exposed to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) through the consumption of grass and adhering soil. This can lead to elevated dioxin and dl-PCB levels in meat fat. To manage this contamination issue, the kinetics of these compounds in cattle need to be better understood. This study describes the development and application of a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model to predict dioxin and dl-PCB levels in muscle fat of 'Rode Geus' cattle based on measured levels in grass and soil. Calibration of the model was performed separately for each congener, using measured dioxin and dl-PCB levels in various tissues of 14 animals. Model validation performed using dioxin and dl-PCB samples of 14 other cattle, showed that PBK model predictions were on average a factor 2.4 higher than the measured dioxin and dl-PCB TEQ levels in fat. Despite this difference, the model may still be particularly useful to better understand the relation between environmental dioxin and dl-PCB levels and those in cattle. The model is publicly available with a user-friendly interface on www.feedfoodtransfer.nl and may provide relevant insights for risk assessment and risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-preservative potential of marjoram and fennel essential oil nano-emulsions against toxigenic fungi in citrus: integrating <i>in-vitro</i>, <i>in</i>-<i>vivo</i>, and <i>in</i>-<i>silico</i> approaches.","authors":"Merihane Gharzouli, Abdel Hakim Aouf, Shimaa Moawad, Hatem Ali, Tawfiq Alsulami, Amr Farouk, Karolina Hoppe, Ahmed Noah Badr","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2473551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2473551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus fruits, known for their vibrant flavours and health benefits, are susceptible to fungal attacks, particularly from toxigenic <i>Penicillium</i> fungi, which pose a significant pre- and post-harvest hazard. However, aromatic oils and their nanoparticles may effectively address this issue. Marjoram and fennel oils, alongside their nanoparticles, were extracted, and their aromatic constituents and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. A simulated medium with fungal spores was used to assess anti-toxigenic activity, and a simulated infection experiment was conducted with orange and lemon fruits. The capacity and mechanisms of aromatic constituents were analysed through molecular docking assays targeting enzymes involved in fungal growth and mycotoxin production. The nanoparticles exhibited good stability (89.17%-92.41%) and compact formulation (density of 0.92-0.96 g/mL). Results demonstrated substantial effectiveness of nano-emulsions against toxigenic fungi, with major aromatic compounds identified as terpinene-4-ol (18%) and <i>γ</i>-terpinene (11%) in marjoram and estragole (38%) and anethole (29%) in fennel oil. Diffusion assays revealed significant anti-pathogen effects (8.33-11 mm) and antifungal activity (33.33 ± 2.88-89.33 ± 1.15 mm) of marjoram and fennel nano-emulsions. Results regarding simulated infected fruit reflect spoilage delay without impacting fruit quality or sensory. The interactions between oil or nano-emulsions and fungal enzymes showed strong binding-free energy values, with significant docking scores (-6.6 to -7.0 kcal/mol) for aromatic constituents. In conclusion, aromatic antifungals offer a promising strategy for controlling <i>Penicillium</i>, enhancing the safety and quality of oranges and lemons, with oil nanoparticles improving antifungal efficacy by significantly reducing mycelium weight and spore germination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Cow's Milk to Cheese, Yogurt, and Labneh: Evaluating aflatoxin M₁ fate in Traditional Lebanese Dairy Processing and the Efficacy of Regulations through a Risk Assessment Approach.","authors":"Rouaa Daou, Layal Karam, Reine Antoun, Sana Obeid, Tamara Dahboul, André El Khoury","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2474155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2474155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM1) is a potent mycotoxin that can contaminate milk and dairy products. It is a metabolite of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1), which is produced by certain fungi that infect crops. In Lebanon, traditional dairy production-including various cheeses, yogurt, and Labneh-is widely practiced. However, there is limited information on how AFM1 transfers and behaves in these products. This study aimed to fill that knowledge gap by examining the transfer of AFM1 from artificially contaminated milk into traditional Lebanese dairy products, specifically Halloumi, Akkawi, double-cream, Baladiyeh cheese, yogurt, and Labneh. Milk was contaminated with a known concentration of AFM1, and the resulting dairy products were analysed for AFM1 transfer rates, focusing on the distribution between whey and curd. The study also assessed the effect of brine storage (10%) on AFM1 levels in cheese. The findings showed that the transfer of AFM1 varied depending on the processing method and type of product. Generally, whey had higher concentrations of AFM1 compared to curd. Brine storage reduced AFM1 levels in most cheese types, with the exception of double-cream cheese. Yogurt processing was found to decrease AFM1 content, while converting yogurt to Labneh resulted in an increase. This research provides valuable insights into the risk of AFM1 contamination in traditional Lebanese dairy products. Understanding the transfer and behaviour of AFM1 is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate the risks associated with mycotoxin exposure. Accordingly, this paper also includes a risk assessment generated using the reported transfer rates that showed that dairy products produced from raw milk contaminated at 0.05 µg/L would present a high risk to the Lebanese consumer that emphasises the importance of keeping AFM1 in food at a level that is 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable' specifically in a country such as Lebanon where dairy products are highly consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiered intake assessment for propylene glycol in beverages.","authors":"Nga L Tran, Maribeth M Anderson, Maia M Jack","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2449820","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2449820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A tiered intake assessment approach is presented and applied to derive estimates of maximum potential global propylene glycol (PG) intake from beverage sources. The US and UK markets served as surrogates for the world and the EU region, respectively, to determine the maximum potential exposure for PG in various subpopulations, including brand-loyal consumers. Conservative intake estimates for PG used in non-alcoholic beverages were calculated for toddlers less than 3 years (y), young children 3-9 y, adolescents 10-17 y, adults 18-64 y, elderly 65-74 y, very elderly 75+ y, based on assumed uses in high beverage consumption markets, leveraging either the 2-day food consumption data from the 2013-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey or the 4-day food consumption data from the 2008-2017 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme. This study shows that safety of PG in beverages at proposed use levels up to 3,000 mg kg^-1 can be supported for any geography, based not only on a refined budget method approach but also on a refined deterministic approach when applying the proposed safe intake (pADI) of 62.5 mg kg bw^-1day^-1. In all refined assessments, intake estimates across all age groups fell close to or well below the pADI even among high consumers at the 95^th percentile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"317-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the heterogeneous contamination of commercial paper and board food packaging at different scales.","authors":"Lucas Biant, Phuong-Mai Nguyen, Murielle Hayert, Sandra Domenek, Olivier Vitrac","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2451639","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2451639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing the contamination of paper and board (P&B) food packaging materials poses significant challenges due to the sensitivity limits of analytical methods and the low precision of sampling processes. This study aims to enhance the understanding of P&B food packaging contamination by investigating the distribution of contaminants at different scales using a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. A total of 36 substances were targeted, including phthalates, photoinitiators, and bisphenol A. Key findings reveal that intra-packaging variability can lead to concentration variations by a factor of 2-7. Recycled materials generally exhibit higher contamination levels, with concentrations of certain contaminants reaching up to 700 mg/kg. Microscopy, including confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and Raman micro-spectroscopy, enabled the identification and differentiation of contaminants, highlighting specific marker molecules and characteristic Raman bands. The study underscores the necessity of comprehensive sampling strategies, advocating for the grinding of entire packaging to obtain representative samples. The introduction of contamination \"fingerprints,\" based on occurrences and correlations between concentrations, offers a promising approach for hazard identification and risk assessment. Overall, the findings contribute to the development of safer and more sustainable food packaging solutions, emphasizing the need for improved analytical techniques and standardized sampling methods in the context of increasing use of recycled materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"382-403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}