Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment最新文献

{"title":"An UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of antiparasitic drugs, including avermectins, in avian eggs, featuring a novel standard addition approach to validation.","authors":"Philip Mullen, Cheryl Rainey, Matthew Walker, Anna Gadaj","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2503364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2503364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiparasitic drugs have widespread use in livestock to control parasitic infections. Their use can lead to residues in animal-derived food products, which can pose potential health risks to consumers. Therefore, a method has been developed for the semi-quantitative screening of 51 antiparasitic drug residues in avian eggs, using a QuEChERS based extraction method and analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS. This extension to coverage of these analytes also includes an approach to the analysis of the traditionally difficult avermectin class of analytes using source optimisation and post-column infusion. The method was validated according to CIR (EU) 2021/808 and the detection capability (CCβ) was set at 5 µg kg^-1 for all analytes, except fipronil and its metabolites, at 1.25 µg kg^-1. Additionally, a novel standard addition based confirmatory method for 10 analytes with MRL values was implemented, in accordance with EURL guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine LC-MS/MS method for quantifying <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in tomatoes at harvest stage and during processing.","authors":"Léna Dole, Noël Durand, Charlie Poss, Maxime Gousselot, Caroline Strub, Angélique Fontana, Sabine Schorr-Galindo","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2499001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2499001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated to quantify alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, altenuene, altertoxin I, and tentoxin, and implemented to better understand the risks associated with <i>Alternaria</i> contamination of tomatoes and fate of the toxins during processing. This method has been developed for routine use, by reducing the cost, duration, and complexity of manipulations. Limits of quantification were below EU recommendations 2022/553, reaching 1.2-3.7 µg kg^-1 for alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether and 9.4-18.4 µg kg^-1 for tenuazonic acid depending on the matrix. Apparent recovery ranged between 85 and 103%, and intraday repeatability was <15%. Different <i>Alternaria</i> strains isolated from tomatoes were assessed for their toxin production profiles, and the impact of processing operations on <i>Alternaria</i> toxins naturally occurring in tomatoes was evaluated on a pilot scale. Tenuazonic acid was the predominant toxin produced by <i>Alternaria</i> strains and contaminating tomatoes. Processing operations did not reduce toxin accumulation, which demonstrates its thermostability. Additionally, tomato skin and seeds residues, which are reused for different applications, was 2.6 times more contaminated than tomato pulp.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of co-formulants in plant protection products using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.","authors":"Elena Hakme, Bina Bhattarai, Mette Erecius Poulsen","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2494200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2494200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-formulants are substances that are used in plant-protection products (PPPs) to give the product the necessary functions for field application. However, there is a data gap in terms of residues of co-formulants in food while assessment studies of consumer exposure to co-formulant residues in food are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify co-formulants used in PPPs and assess the presence of co-formulant residues in tomato samples that have been sprayed with these PPPs in the field. The analysis of PPPs and field-treated tomato samples was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) and a non-targeted analytical workflow. Eight products contained N,N-dimethyldecylamine N-oxide, while bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine was detected in six of the testedPPPs. Residues of bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid were detected in tomatoes. The findings of this study demonstrate the possible presence of potentially hazardous co-formulant residues in food.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of patulin in aqueous solution and apple juice by titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride: efficiency, quality and safety.","authors":"Shumin Sun, Mengdan Ku, Jiayi Yang, Wenhao Zhang, Yanli Xie","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2494725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2494725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride composite (TiO₂/g-C₃N₄; TOCN) was utilized for the degradation of patulin (PAT). The introduction of carbon nitride into TOCN narrowed the band gap of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), thereby enhancing the utilization of the composite with visible light. Patulin at a concentration of 250 μg/kg in aqueous solution and apple juice was degraded respectively by 100% and 85.4% under visible light. The superoxide ion (·O^2-) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) play significant roles in the photocatalytic degradation of PAT, and a new degradation product was identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). In addition, photocatalytic degradation has a minor impact on the quality and nutrition of apple juice. The results of Ames and zebrafish experiments demonstrated that the toxicities of the degradation products were significantly reduced. These results indicate the TOCN photocatalyst can effectively eliminate patulin from aqueous solutions and apple juice, offering a new strategy for removing patulin from food samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":"42 5","pages":"679-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an analytical method for guazatine pesticides in agricultural products using LC-MS/MS.","authors":"So Hee Park, Dogyung Oh, Eun Joo Baek, Tae Woong Na","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2467625","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2467625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guazatine, a non-invasive disinfectant used for seed treatment and post-harvest citrus protection, inhibits bacterial lipid synthesis and consists of about 13 components. While it may occasionally be detected in fruits and vegetables such as citrus, its use as a pesticide has been banned in several countries due to health and environmental concerns. To ensure safe export of domestic produce, a simultaneous method of analysis for guazatine components was developed, focusing on GG, GGG, GGN, and GNG as indicators. Using LC-MS/MS, samples were extracted with a 3% formic acid/acetone mixture and purified with hexane. The method was validated across five agricultural products (mandarin, pepper, potato, brown rice, and soybean), achieving an <i>r</i>² above 0.995, and detection and quantitation limits of 0.8 and 2.5 µg/L, respectively. Ion suppression was high, with matrix effects ranging from -84.2 to -89.8%. Recovery rates were 70.2-99.6%, with relative standard deviations under 6.8%. Cross-laboratory validation showed recovery rates of 70.3-106.7% and relative standard deviations below 15.0%, meeting CODEX guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"594-602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of whey protein concentrate adulteration using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with machine learning.","authors":"Meiling Zhu, Weiran Song, Xuan Tang, Xiangzeng Kong","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2494199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2494199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, food fraud issues related to whey protein supplements have disrupted the market and caused significant concern among consumers. Conventional analytical methods such as HPLC and ion exchange chromatography are commonly used to detect adulteration in whey protein supplements. However, these methods are costly, time-consuming and require specialised operation, making them less suitable for a wider range of users. This study presents a rapid and reliable approach for verifying the authenticity of whey protein supplements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning. Specifically, this approach is employed to identify 15 brands of whey protein concentration (WPC), quantify protein and carbohydrate concentrations, distinguish three types of adulterants, and predict the level of adulteration. The relationship between LIBS data and analyte labels is established using machine learning methods, including partial least squares regression (PLSR), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and kernel extreme learning machine (K-ELM). The accuracy for identifying WPC brands was over 0.977, and the highest coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) for quantifying protein and carbohydrate contents was 0.984 and 0.978, respectively. In addition, different adulterants can be differentiated with accuracies exceeding 0.986, and the <i>R</i>² values for adulteration prediction are above 0.967 in most cases. These results suggest that LIBS combined with machine learning can serve as a viable and efficient solution for detecting adulteration in whey protein supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":"42 5","pages":"570-579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of patulin in apple juice using cysteine capped Fe₃O₄ nanoadsorbent.","authors":"Giti Paimard, Elahe Ahmadi, Hamideh Roshanfekr, Fariba Mollarasouli, Azadeh Azadbakht, Mehregan Safari","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2478616","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2478616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the preparation of L-cysteine capped Fe₃O₄ (magnetite) nanoparticles (LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs), with a particular focus on their potential as an adsorbent and also the efficiency of these NPs in the removal of patulin from apple juice. The methods employed, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), effectively showed the synthesis of LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs. The proposed method was not only used for patulin removal; rather, it significantly enhanced the sensitivity of patulin measurement. The efficiency of patulin elimination was affected by many factors, including contact time (5-140 min), patulin initial concentration (50-150 µg/L), and amount of NPs (1-5 mg). The synthesized adsorbent achieved a removal efficiency of 98.6% for patulin adsorption at pH = 3.8. This was accomplished by employing 3 mg LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs over a 100-min duration, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity of 454 µg/g for the initial concentration of patulin 50 µg/L. This high removal efficiency can be attributed to active surface sites (-NH₂ and -COOH groups). The removal information obtained from an HPLC method, using the prepared adsorbent, exhibited a good fit with the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a multi-layer adsorption process on the adsorbent. The experimental findings were analyzed using an adsorption kinetic model, revealing that the adsorption kinetics of patulin onto LCys-Fe₃O₄ NPs conformed to the pseudo-second-order model. In conclusion, the proposed method demonstrated remarkable efficacy in decreasing patulin concentrations in contaminated apple juice by approximately 81.5%. Moreover, the adsorption process had no impact on the quality of the apple juice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"663-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Cow's Milk to Cheese, Yogurt, and Labneh: Evaluating aflatoxin M₁ fate in Traditional Lebanese Dairy Processing and the Efficacy of Regulations through a Risk Assessment Approach.","authors":"Rouaa Daou, Layal Karam, Reine Antoun, Sana Obeid, Tamara Dahboul, André El Khoury","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2474155","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2474155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM1) is a potent mycotoxin that can contaminate milk and dairy products. It is a metabolite of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1), which is produced by certain fungi that infect crops. In Lebanon, traditional dairy production-including various cheeses, yogurt, and Labneh-is widely practiced. However, there is limited information on how AFM1 transfers and behaves in these products. This study aimed to fill that knowledge gap by examining the transfer of AFM1 from artificially contaminated milk into traditional Lebanese dairy products, specifically Halloumi, Akkawi, double-cream, Baladiyeh cheese, yogurt, and Labneh. Milk was contaminated with a known concentration of AFM1, and the resulting dairy products were analysed for AFM1 transfer rates, focusing on the distribution between whey and curd. The study also assessed the effect of brine storage (10%) on AFM1 levels in cheese. The findings showed that the transfer of AFM1 varied depending on the processing method and type of product. Generally, whey had higher concentrations of AFM1 compared to curd. Brine storage reduced AFM1 levels in most cheese types, with the exception of double-cream cheese. Yogurt processing was found to decrease AFM1 content, while converting yogurt to Labneh resulted in an increase. This research provides valuable insights into the risk of AFM1 contamination in traditional Lebanese dairy products. Understanding the transfer and behaviour of AFM1 is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate the risks associated with mycotoxin exposure. Accordingly, this paper also includes a risk assessment generated using the reported transfer rates that showed that dairy products produced from raw milk contaminated at 0.05 µg/L would present a high risk to the Lebanese consumer that emphasises the importance of keeping AFM1 in food at a level that is 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable' specifically in a country such as Lebanon where dairy products are highly consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"651-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of a novel bisacodyl analogue, bisacodyl dicycloproyl carboxylate, as a potential illegal additive in a dried plum product advertised for weight loss.","authors":"Xian-Xian Li, Feng Jiang, Hong Yu, Xiao-Jing Huang, Jing-Xian Zhang, Jin-Tao Xia, Ying-Ying Ran, Fan Huang, Jian Sun, Qing Hu","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2483254","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2483254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the process of a routine illegal adulterant inspection of food products sold online, a suspicious compound was detected in a dried plum food product, which claimed to have a natural weight loss effect. After mass spectrometric analysis the similarity between MS/MS peaks of this compound and that of bisacodyl, it was hypothesized to be a bisacodyl derivative. The chemical structure of the unknown compound was characterized by ultra-HPLC with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS), HPLC-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Based on these results, it was confirmed that the unknown compound had the substitution of two acetyl groups in bisacodyl by two cyclopropanecarbonyl groups, respectively. This distinctive compound has been termed as bisacodyl dicycloproyl carboxylate. The new compound has not been reported yet, and therefore the detection of bisacodyl analogue should be included in routine inspection of diet foods and health products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"562-569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aqueous washing on chloride reduction and the storage stability on low-quality crude palm oil prior to refining.","authors":"Fatin Alisya Marzuki, Mahfuzah Abdul Rahman, Aniza Zuniffa Abdul Manaf, Sobah Ahmad, Adi Md Sikin","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2484595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2025.2484595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of chloropropanols in edible oils is a significant food safety concern. Chloride in crude palm oil (CPO) is a precursor to the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) during refining; chloride retention during storage prior to refining remains under investigation. The study examined the impact of different washing treatments and storage duration on total chloride content (TCC), moisture and impurities (M&I), free fatty acid content (FFA), diacylglycerol (DAG), deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI), and iodine value (IV) of CPO. It was demonstrated that washing CPO with distilled water and 3% citric acid (DW+CA) resulted in the highest chloride reduction (37%) after one month of storage. A linear relationship was observed between TCC and FFA levels in the washed CPO, indicating that FFA is a strong predictor of chloride content. The DW+CA treatment also demonstrated a stabilizing effect on FFA levels, potentially mitigating oil deterioration during storage. These findings suggest that implementing DW+CA washing before CPO storage can effectively reduce chloride levels, enhancing the safety and quality of the oil and mitigating the risk of 3MCPDE formation during refining.</p>","PeriodicalId":12295,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment","volume":"42 5","pages":"580-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}