Degradation of patulin in aqueous solution and apple juice by titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride: efficiency, quality and safety.

IF 2.3 3区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1080/19440049.2025.2494725

Shumin Sun, Mengdan Ku, Jiayi Yang, Wenhao Zhang, Yanli Xie

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride composite (TiO₂/g-C₃N₄; TOCN) was utilized for the degradation of patulin (PAT). The introduction of carbon nitride into TOCN narrowed the band gap of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), thereby enhancing the utilization of the composite with visible light. Patulin at a concentration of 250 μg/kg in aqueous solution and apple juice was degraded respectively by 100% and 85.4% under visible light. The superoxide ion (·O^2-) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) play significant roles in the photocatalytic degradation of PAT, and a new degradation product was identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). In addition, photocatalytic degradation has a minor impact on the quality and nutrition of apple juice. The results of Ames and zebrafish experiments demonstrated that the toxicities of the degradation products were significantly reduced. These results indicate the TOCN photocatalyst can effectively eliminate patulin from aqueous solutions and apple juice, offering a new strategy for removing patulin from food samples.

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二氧化钛/氮化石墨碳降解水溶液和苹果汁中的展霉素：效率、质量和安全。

二氧化钛/石墨氮化碳复合材料(TiO2/g-C3N4；利用TOCN降解展青霉素（PAT）。在TOCN中引入氮化碳，缩小了二氧化钛（TiO2）的带隙，从而提高了复合材料在可见光下的利用率。在可见光下，250 μg/kg的棒曲霉素水溶液和苹果汁的降解率分别为100%和85.4%。超氧离子（·O2-）和羟基自由基（·OH）在光催化降解PAT中发挥重要作用，并利用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆轨道rap质谱（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS）鉴定了一种新的降解产物。此外，光催化降解对苹果汁的品质和营养影响较小。Ames和斑马鱼实验结果表明，降解产物的毒性显著降低。上述结果表明，TOCN光催化剂能有效去除水溶液和苹果汁中的展霉素，为食品样品中展霉素的去除提供了一种新的策略。

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来源期刊

Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment CHEMISTRY, APPLIED-FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

6.90%

发文量

136

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A publishes original research papers and critical reviews covering analytical methodology, occurrence, persistence, safety evaluation, detoxification and regulatory control of natural and man-made additives and contaminants in the food and animal feed chain. Papers are published in the areas of food additives including flavourings, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, environmental contaminants, plant toxins, mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, trace elements, migration from food packaging, food process contaminants, adulteration, authenticity and allergenicity of foods. Papers are published on animal feed where residues and contaminants can give rise to food safety concerns. Contributions cover chemistry, biochemistry and bioavailability of these substances, factors affecting levels during production, processing, packaging and storage; the development of novel foods and processes; exposure and risk assessment.