Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of growth performance, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota of rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in different culture modes.","authors":"Qianfeng Wang, Zechao Ruan, Yuebin Wang, Yan Zhang, Xuejun Chai","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01450-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01450-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the response of fish intestines to different culture modes, we conducted a comparative trial on rockfish in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and offshore aquaculture net pen system (OAS). After the 152-day trial, we compared the differences in growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota to evaluate the health status of rockfish cultured in these two modes. Results showed that rockfish cultured in the RAS exhibited a superior growth performance and antioxidant capacity compared to those cultured in OAS. Histological examination indicated pathological lesions in the intestine of rockfish cultured in the OAS, including a disordered arrangement of epithelial cells, rupture of chorionic villi, and decreased thickness of the muscle layer, which may further cause damage to intestinal barrier function. Sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in the rockfish intestines. Microbial community diversity analysis indicated that there were significant differences in intestinal bacterial richness and diversity between the two groups; however, no differences were observed in the dominant bacteria. The relative abundance of metabolic pathways (such as energy, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism) in the OAS group was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the relative abundance of conditional pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria increased, and that of beneficial and stress-tolerant bacteria decreased in the OAS group, indicating potential inflammation in the intestine. This study accumulated basic biological information for the study of fish welfare cultured in different modes and will contribute to the understanding of the physiological and health status of the rockfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the liver of largemouth bass by inhibiting the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathway.","authors":"Xinhong Zhou, Xiaofei Yang, Xinyue Liu, Li Jiang, Yilong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01469-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01469-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal pollution poses a significant threat to the growth and health of fish, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. This study investigates the toxic effects of Cr⁶⁺ on the liver of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Juvenile Largemouth bass were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and a chromium stress group (Cr⁶⁺), and subjected to a 96-h exposure test with Cr⁶⁺ at 96-h LC₅₀ concentration. The results showed that in the Cr⁶⁺ group, liver cell nuclei were condensed, cells exhibited vacuolation, liver sinusoidal spaces were enlarged, and cell contours were unclear. Compared to the CON group, the Cr⁶⁺ group had significantly reduced activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), with a significant decrease in T-AOC levels and a significant increase in MDA content (p < 0.05). Additionally, the relative mRNA expression levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in the Cr⁶⁺ group (p < 0.05). The Nrf2-Keap1 Signal Pathway showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of Nrf2 and a significant decrease in the relative mRNA expression of Keap1 in the Cr⁶⁺ group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage were observed in the liver of Largemouth bass: the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased in the Cr6 + group (p < 0.05); the relative mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Bax were significantly increased, while the Bcl-2 was significantly decreased; Tail length, Tail DNA (%), and Olive tail moment of liver cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In summary, Cr⁶⁺ induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the liver of Largemouth bass by inhibiting the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathway, thus affecting the health of the fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to bisphenol S induces organ toxicity by disrupting oxidative and antioxidant defense system and blood physiology in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).","authors":"Shabbir Ahmad, Hasnain Akmal, Farhat Jabeen, Khurram Shahzad","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01467-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01467-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol S is an emerging pollutant that is contaminating aquatic ecosystems and causing detrimental effects on aquatic organisms, especially fish. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of bisphenol S (BPS) through genotoxic, biochemical, histopathological, and oxidative damage in the liver, gills, and kidneys of Labeo rohita fish. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations (400 µg/L, 800 µg/L, and 1000 µg/L) of BPS for 21 days. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) decline in antioxidant enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and peroxidase (POD) was observed in all tissues, whereas elevation in oxidative contents (TBARS and ROS) was observed. Comet analysis showed elevated olive tail moment and % of DNA damage. Light microscopy revealed several anomalies including cluster nuclei formation, damaged parenchyma cells, sinusoidal spaces, and melanomacrophage in the kidney, sinusoidal spaces, dilated hepatic vein, pyknotic nuclei, melanomacrophage, and cell necrosis in the liver and bone cell deformities, lamellar aneurysm, hyperplasia, and curved secondary gill lamellae in gills. Results of hematobiochemical analysis revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increment in hematocrit, WBCs, cholesterol, blood glucose, triglycerides, AST, ALT, T₃, TSH, T₄, urea, and creatinine, whereas decline in RBCs, MCH, hemoglobin, proteins levels was observed. The results of the current study demonstrate that BPS has detrimental effects on the kidneys, gills, and liver. It interferes with normal functioning by inhibiting enzymatic activity, causing DNA damage, and disrupting the normal structure of vital organs. These effects make BPS toxic to fish, even at low concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting adipocyte hyperplasia ameliorates high-carbohydrate diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders and enhances growth performance and immune function in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).","authors":"Mingkui Wei, Zhiqi Tian, Niankun Zhang, Lu Zhou, Handong Li, Hong Ji, Gen He, Jianlu Zhang, Jian Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01466-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01466-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing the adverse effects of high-carbohydrate diets (HCD) on fish growth and health has been a critical area of aquaculture research, as it remains a key factor limiting the broader application of HCD in the industry. Recent studies have focused on the liver mechanisms involved in HCD-induced challenges, while limited attention has been given to adipose tissue. This study investigated the impact of enhancing adipocyte hyperplasia on growth performance, immunity, antioxidative capacity, inflammation, and metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) subjected to an HCD. Rosiglitazone (R), a peroxisome proliferator-activated γ agonist, was used to promote adipocyte hyperplasia. A total of 225 grass carp (initial body weight, 19.05 ± 0.06 g) were divided into three groups (control, HCD, and HCD + R) and fed for 8 weeks, with three replicates per group. The findings indicated that HCD induced inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders in adipose tissue, which were significantly alleviated following the promotion of adipocyte hyperplasia (P < 0.05). Improvement in the health status of adipose tissue resulted in a significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) produced and secreted by adipose tissue. In contrast, IL-1 receptors and downstream related genes in the liver and muscle were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Furthermore, promoting adipocyte hyperplasia alleviated hepatic steatosis and enhanced muscle protein synthesis. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) returned to normal after promoting adipocyte hyperplasia. Notably, promoting adipocyte hyperplasia enhanced anti-oxidant enzyme activities in the serum and significantly improved immune function in the grass carp (P < 0.05). These enhancements contributed to improved growth performance and feed efficiency. Conclusively, modifying the pattern of adipose tissue expansion by promoting adipocyte hyperplasia mitigated the adverse effects of HCD on health and growth performance while enhancing both anti-oxidant and immune capacities in grass carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted stress response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings: integrative analysis of salinity, ammonia, and stocking density effects on growth, physiology, and gene expression.","authors":"Sameh Metwaly, Hala Nasr, Khalifa Ahmed, Mohamed Fathi","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01462-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01462-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of salinity, ammonia, and stocking density on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings over a 74-days. In three separate experiments, fingerlings (initial weight 25 ± 2.4 g) were exposed to salinity levels (5, 10, 15, and 20 ppt), ammonia concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L), and stocking densities (10, 15, 20, and 25 fish per 96 L aquarium). Survival, growth performance, biochemical parameters, and gene expression changes were assessed. Salinity ≥ 15 ppt and ammonia ≥ 0.1 mg/L significantly impaired growth (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency) and increased mortality rates, reaching 37% and 56% at 20 ppt salinity and 0.2 mg/L ammonia, respectively. Elevated salinity and ammonia also caused significant increases in the activities of ALT, AST, LDH enzymes, along with higher serum glucose levels, while disrupting serum protein and ion concentrations, indicating considerable metabolic and osmoregulatory disturbances. At the molecular level, the expression of the growth-promoting IGF-I gene was down-regulated, while inflammatory marker TNFα was up-regulated, suggesting compromised health. Stocking density had less pronounced effects, though densities ≥ 20 fish/aquarium led to reduced growth, altered biochemical markers, and gene expression changes compared to 10-15 fish/aquarium. These findings establish salinity and ammonia tolerance thresholds for tilapia fingerlings, emphasize optimal stocking density, and provide insights into the physiological and molecular responses to multifactorial stressors. The study contributes to sustainable management strategies for tilapia aquaculture under variable environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproduction in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora): insights from endocrine regulation and intestinal microbiota changes during reproductive season.","authors":"Haidong Li, Kangjia Su, Ruiyi Chen, Weihua Hu, Huan Ye, Dongdong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01463-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01463-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The yellow drum (Nibea albiflora), a pivotal species within the Sciaenidae family, is economically important in the mariculture along the coastal regions of China. A comprehensive understanding gonadal maturation and spawning processes is crucial for seed production in the artificial propagation of yellow drum. This study investigates serum hormonal fluctuations, gonadal histological features, sex hormone receptor gene expression, and intestinal microbiota composition in both male and female yellow drum during the reproductive season. Twenty individuals were sampled from reproductive stages IV, V, and VI, respectively. During the spawning season, no significant differences were observed in the levels of PROG, E2, and 11-KT across different stages, in both males and females, with no significant sex-based differences. Subsequent analysis indicated a significant upregulation of fshr, lhcgr, and esr expression in the ovary during spawning stages. In contrast, within the testis, the expression levels of fshr, ar, and esr remained relatively constant across different stages, whereas lhcgr expression was markedly higher during the spawning stages compared with prespawning and post-spawning stages. Analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed a predominance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, with no significant sex differences. At the class level, the abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacilli exhibited significant fluctuations during the spawning and post-spawning stages in both sexes. At the genus level, g_Muribaculaceae and g_Bacteroides were abundant during spawning stages in both sexes. A Mantel test showed significant positive correlations between PROG levels and the abundances of g_Bacteroides in males. In females, PROG levels were positively correlated with the abundance of g_Prevotella. These findings enhance our understanding of the interplay between reproductive biology and the biological functions of intestinal microbiota in yellow drum broodstock during the reproductive season, thereby laying a foundation for the development of artificial propagation technology in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of feeding time on daily rhythms of locomotor activity, clock genes, and epigenetic mechanisms in the liver and hypothalamus of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).","authors":"Elisa Samorì, Inmaculada Rodríguez, José Antonio Oliver, Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, José Fernando López-Olmeda","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01461-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01461-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circadian system plays a crucial role in most physiological processes. The molecular clock is linked to epigenetic mechanisms, both of which are influenced by nutrient status and, consequently, to feeding. This research investigated how feeding times (mid-light, ML, vs. mid-dark, MD) synchronize daily rhythms of behavior, clock genes, and epigenetic mechanisms in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), focusing on hypothalamus and liver to assess the impact on central and peripheral pacemakers. Feeding at MD influenced the molecular clock of the hypothalamus, causing shifts in acrophases (peaks) for genes of the negative loop (per1b, per2, cry1a). In the liver, the ML fed group showed rhythmic expression for all clock genes, whereas only per2 maintained the rhythms in the MD group. Epigenetic genes related to methylation (dnmt1, dnmt3a) and demethylation (tet2, gadd45aa, mbd4) in the liver displayed rhythmic expression in the ML group, but only dnmt3a maintained the rhythm in the MD group. Nutrient-related factors (SAM and SAH) showed differences between day and night, suggesting a different utilization based on feeding times. Finally, sirt1, a gene involved in deacetylation, displayed a clear daily rhythm in the ML group. All epigenetic genes peaked during the night (resting phase). Overall, these findings indicated feeding time serves as a potent zeitgeber, synchronizing circadian clock and epigenetic rhythms in the liver, with peaks during the resting phase, suggesting this phase represents the adequate time for epigenetic modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the efficacy of two molecular adjuvants, flagellin and IFN-γ, on the immune response against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","authors":"Sreeja Lakshmi, Nandhakumar, Ritam Guha, Alex Wang, Eakapol Wangkahart, Tiehui Wang, Preetham Elumalai","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01464-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01464-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture industry frequently encounters disease outbreaks, high mortalities, as well as emergence of new pathogens due to its intensification. Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield's group B Streptococcus) is an important pathogen extensively causing infectious disease in tilapia resulting in huge economic loss and mortality. To date, vaccination has proved to be successful in defending against infectious diseases prevailing among farmed fish species. This study aimed to develop an S. agalactiae inactivated vaccine (SAIV) using molecular adjuvants, flagellin and tilapia interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and to assess the generated immune response and protective efficacy of the adjuvant incorporated vaccine against S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. The fish were vaccinated with SAIV together with either flagellin or IFN-γ and both together by intraperitoneal injection. The vaccinated fish were challenged with a virulent strain of S. agalactiae on day 36 and monitored for 3 weeks to assess cumulative mortality. The results showed that the vaccine offered significant protection with relative percentage survival (RPS) of 59.37%, 71.87%, and 81.25% observed for bacterin vaccine adjuvanted with flagellin, IFN-γ and both, respectively, with an RPS of 15.62% for the unadjuvanted bacterin control group after challenge with S. agalactiae. The vaccine induced specific IgM antibodies against S. agalactiae in the vaccinated groups, and the antibody response was significantly increased following booster vaccination in the fishes administered with vaccine adjuvanted with flagellin, IFN-γ and both. Furthermore, after vaccination, MHC-II and IgM gene expression was found significantly upregulated in head kidney and spleen, in line with an elevated specific IgM titer. Innate immune parameters including catalase, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and bactericidal activities were significantly increased in fishes immunized when compared with the unvaccinated controls (P < 0.05). Histopathological examinations of tissue sections of the head kidney, spleen, liver, kidney, gills, and brain were performed on vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish which showed mild infiltrations. In conclusion, flagellin and IFN-γ have shown potential for use as molecular adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of fish vaccines against S. agalactiae infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of dietary α-tocopherol acetate on physiological response, antioxidant activity, innate immunity, and histopathological status of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus under heat and salinity stress.","authors":"Najah M Albaqami, Mohamed N Monier","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01460-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01460-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture fish face stresses include temperature, ammonia levels, water salinity, and dissolved oxygen. In order to sustain finfish output, it is necessary to assess the impact of unexpected weather on their performance. Thus, this study examined whether Nile tilapia's vitamin E intake reduces heat and salinity stress. After 56 days of feeding a diet enriched with vitamin E at 0, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg, Nile tilapia were split into two groups: one was given a 28 g/L salinity increase, and the other to a temperature increase of 36 °C. Heat and salinity stress increased cortisol, glycose AST, ALT, triglycerides, and total cholesterol while decreasing albumin, globulin, and protein. Fish diets with vitamin E significantly improved the parameters above before and after heat and salinity stress. However, heat and salinity stress inhibited superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, nitrous oxide, lysozyme, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin, reducing antioxidant activity and immunological responses. The Nile tilapia diet's vitamin E content increased antioxidant activity and immunological response before and after stress. Heat and salinity stress increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), but vitamin E-fed fish had lower values than controls. In addition to mild hepatocyte degeneration, pyknosis, and hepatic central vein congestion, heat and salinity stress cause severe vascular congestion with gill lamellar epithelium degeneration, sloughing, and primary filament congestion. In Vit E-treated groups, histomorphology returned to normal. Results showed that vitamin E at 1200 mg/kg in the Nile tilapia diet may be an effective antioxidant immunostimulant against environmental stressors like heat and salinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor on growth performance, body composition, reproductive and serum biochemical indices, and intestinal histomorphology in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.).","authors":"Fredrick Juma Syanya, Harikrishnan Mahadevan, A R Nikhila Khanna, Wilson Munala Mathia, Paul Mumina","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01458-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01458-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors like tamoxifen citrate are commonly used in aquaculture for sex reversal, yet their broader impacts on fish growth, body composition, serum biochemistry, and gut histomorphology remain underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of tamoxifen citrate on hybrid red tilapia fry growth, reproductive traits, haematological parameters, biochemical profiles, and reproductive hormone levels.A total of 260 swim-up fry (mean weight 0.06 ± 0.04 g) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: TA0 (0 mg/kg), TA1 (200 mg/kg), TA2 (400 mg/kg), and TA3 (600 mg/kg), with three replicates of 25 fish each. Fish were fed these diets for 60 days, followed by a 90-day recovery phase in outdoor hapas. The results showed that the male percentage increased significantly with tamoxifen inclusion, reaching 96.83% at 600 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Oestrogen levels decreased, while 11-ketotestosterone increased proportionally with tamoxifen dosage (P < 0.05). Higher tamoxifen inclusion (600 mg/kg) worsened feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) during the treatment phase but improved these parameters during recovery, alongside enhanced weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) (P < 0.05). Higher tamoxifen doses increased hepatosomatic (HSI), viscerosomatic (VSI), and stomach indices while reducing gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P < 0.05). Elevated dosages reduced protein and lipid content but increased moisture levels (P < 0.05). Haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were higher at 200-400 mg tamoxifen/kg, while haematocrit declined with higher dosages (P < 0.05). Elevated tamoxifen levels increased AST, ALT, and globulin but decreased ALP, albumin, and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Moderate tamoxifen dosages (200-400 mg/kg) are recommended for sustainable sex reversal in hybrid red tilapia, minimising physiological and histological disruptions. High dosages (> 400 mg/kg) should be avoided due to haematological stress and immune suppression. Further studies are necessary to assess long-term ecological impacts and aquatic biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}