Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Seriola dumerili digestive capacity.","authors":"Héctor Nolasco-Soria, Erick Perera, Manuel Yúfera, Juan Fuentes, Héctor Rodrigo Nolasco-Alzaga","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01690-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01690-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, is one of the marine species with the highest potential for aquaculture expansion in the Mediterranean, making the development of species-specific formulated feeds a priority. A complementary approach to evaluate the effect of feed formulation is to quantify the digestive capacity (DC) of the species, expressed as U fish^-1, U organ^-1, or U g^-1 of tissue. This study characterizes the enzyme DC of S. dumerili (n = 5) under culture conditions. The difference between fish and the difference between means in each organ were intentionally evaluated to determine the distribution of the enzymatic DC. Somatic indices were stomach, 0.448 ± 0.156; pancreas (PAN), 0.605 ± 0.274; pyloric caeca (PC), 0.785 ± 0.298; and intestine: anterior (AI), 0.170 ± 0.067; mid (MI), 0.252 ± 0.145; and posterior (PI), 0.223 ± 0.074. PAN activity was considered a reserve DC. For an average fish weight of 1633.8 ± 654.9 g, total DC values (U/fish) were 101.66 ± 41.90 for acid protease, 189.08 ± 96.72 for alkaline protease, and 290.75 ± 136.24 U/fish for acid + alkaline protease. Amylase, lipase (triolein substrate), and total lipase using p-nitrophenyl myristate yielded 734.47 ± 352.83, 93.82 ± 2.35, and 311.64 ± 28.57 U/fish, respectively. Chymotrypsin and trypsin were 1091.1 ± 410.8 and 67.0 ± 36.4 U/fish, respectively (experimental chymotrypsin U/experimental trypsin U ratio of 16.3). Across all alkaline enzymes, the PC exhibited the highest DC when compared with AI, MI, or PI regions. Digestive capacity provides a biochemical basis for studies aimed at optimizing protein, starch-glycogen, and lipid levels in aquaculture feeds, considering the DC of protease, amylase, and lipase, as a tool for analyzing species' enzymatic-level responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of muscle developmental features and molecular characterization of myogenic regulatory factors in two hybrid breams.","authors":"Zhifeng Zhou, Xiangqiong Yang, Xinge Ouyang, Xin Chen, Yujie Huang, Kuo Chen, Siyu Fan, Xinxin Yu, Shengnan Li, Min Tao","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01693-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01693-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distant hybridization combines beneficial genes from different species to create high-quality germplasm with altered phenotypes and genotypes. In our previous study, two fast-growing hybrid breams (BTBB and BBTB) were developed through a multi-step breeding strategy involving distant hybridization between blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, 2n = 48, BSB, ♀) and topmouth culter (Culter alburnus, 2n = 48, TC, ♂), followed by two rounds of backcrossing. To elucidate the mechanisms of muscle development and rapid growth, we compared growth performance, muscle texture, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) genes between the hybrids and their parents. The results showed that both BBTB and BTBB had significantly greater body weight and body length than BSB (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed that the two hybrid breams had significantly lower muscle fiber density (p < 0.05) and significantly larger muscle fiber diameter than BSB (p < 0.05). Muscle texture analysis indicated that BBTB had higher adhesiveness than BSB, whereas BTBB exhibited significantly greater springiness than BSB. Antioxidant analysis showed that, compared with BSB, MDA levels were significantly lower in BBTB and BTBB (p < 0.05), whereas CAT, SOD, and GSH levels were higher. Sequence analysis showed that the full-length cDNA sequences of myod, myog, myf5, and myf6 were highly conserved between the hybrid offspring and their parents. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of MRFs and mstn were relatively high in the muscle tissues of both BTBB and BSB, whereas mstn expression was lower in BTBB than in BSB, suggesting that MRFs and mstn may act coordinately in the regulation of rapid growth in BTBB. In contrast, the expression levels of MRFs and mstn in BBTB were significantly lower than those in BSB, suggesting that MRF expression may increase transiently during rapid growth and then decline. Overall, the two hybrid breams exhibited distinct molecular regulatory patterns, and their superior muscle phenotypes may be associated with muscle fiber development, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and the balance between positive myogenic regulation and mstn-mediated negative regulation. These findings indicate that BBTB and BTBB are promising germplasm resources for aquaculture breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of curcumin supplementation in high-fat diet on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus).","authors":"Xiujuan Wang, Zhangfan Huang, Luming Kong, Hao Lin, Sishun Zhou, Jianrong Ma, Yanbo Zhao, Yunting Zhao, Longhui Liu, Zhongbao Li","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01689-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01689-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation in high-fat diets on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Six experimental diets were formulated: a normal-fat diet (NF), a high-fat diet (HF), and four experimental diets derived from the HF supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.16% curcumin. A total of 450 healthy spotted sea bass, with an initial body weight of (2.00 ± 0.16) g, were selected and randomly allocated into 6 groups (3 replicates per group, 25 fish per replicate). The fish were raised in 200L tanks and fed the experimental diets twice daily, over a 70-day culture period. The results showed that, compared to the NF, the HF had no significant impact on weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) in spotted sea bass (P > 0.05). The HF increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver (P < 0.05), while reducing nuclear factor-related factor 2 (nrf2) gene expression. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Lipid deposition in the liver was significantly increased in the HF group (P < 0.05). Compared to the HF, supplementing curcumin had no significant effect on WGR, SGR, or FCR in spotted sea bass (P > 0.05). However, it increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity (0.04%) in the liver and the gene expression levels of nrf2 (0.08%) (P < 0.05), while reducing MDA levels in both serum (0.02%-0.08%) and liver (0.04%,0.16%) (P < 0.05). Compared to the HF, curcumin significantly reduced TG levels in both serum(0.04%) and liver (0.08%) of spotted sea bass (P < 0.05), markedly decreased hepatic lipid deposition (0.02%-0.16%), and significantly upregulated the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ppar-α, 0.08%) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (cpt1, 0.16%), in the liver (P < 0.05). In summary, adding curcumin to high-fat diets can alleviate oxidative damage in spotted sea bass by enhancing antioxidant capacity and improve its lipid metabolism disorders. Based on antioxidant and lipid metabolism indicators, the optimal curcumin level is 0.09%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on the effects of different lipid sources in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) diets.","authors":"Yanhong Zhou, Haifeng Mi, Hualiang Liang, Dongyu Huang, Jiaze Gu, Mingchun Ren, Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01676-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01676-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the effects of substituting soybean oil (SO) with soy lecithin (SL) and specialty lipid (CL) on the growth, body composition, and glucose-lipid metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The CL is a composite lipid source formulated by mixing coconut oil, linseed oil, soy lecithin oil, and palm oil in a ratio of 2:2:3:3, with the addition of antioxidants and emulsifiers as fillers. A total of six experimental groups were established: an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic soybean oil (SO) (control group), a 1% soy lecithin supplementation group (1% SL), a 2% soy lecithin supplementation group (2% SL), a 2.5% specialty lipid supplementation group (2.5% CL), a 5% specialty lipid supplementation group (5% CL), and a 7.5% specialty lipid supplementation group (7.5% CL). After a 10-week feeding trial (initial body weight: 12.64 ± 0.02 g), the results showed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) in the 2.5% CL and 5% CL groups were significantly higher than those in the SO group. The 5% CL group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) numerically, though no significant differences were observed among groups. Whole-body crude lipid content was significantly reduced in the 7.5% CL. Compared to other groups, the 5% CL and 7.5% CL showed significantly increased levels of saturated fatty acid (SFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while PUFA levels markedly decreased. Compared to the control, the 7.5% CL showed significant decreases in plasma serum albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Regarding lipid metabolism gene expression, the 5% CL exhibited a significantly lower expression level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (pparγ) in contrast to SO. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (pparα) were significantly upregulated in the 5% CL and 7.5% CL compared to other groups. Furthermore, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (cpt1) expression level in the 5% CL was significantly higher than in all other groups. In conclusion, CL enhanced growth performance, effectively reduced whole-body lipid deposition, improved fatty acid composition, and promoted lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass, without adversely affecting liver function. Based on the comprehensive results, the recommended optimal inclusion level for specialty lipid was 5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher temperatures distinctly affect the brain mitochondrial respiration of two Amazonian fishes, a predator and a prey.","authors":"Waldir Heinrichs-Caldas, Jhonatan Mota da Silva, Jefferson de Almeida Silva, Jaqueline Custódio da Costa, Maria de Nazaré Paula Silva, Adalberto Luis Val","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01691-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01691-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aquatic biota of the Amazon is subject to considerable daily and seasonal fluctuations in its environment. The ability to adapt to changes in the environment, such as increased water temperatures, is essential for the survival and physiological performance of these organisms. The anticipated rise in temperature and CO₂ levels, projected to reach 6 °C and 50% above current levels by the end of the century, respectively, represents a significant and imminent threat to aquatic biodiversity. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of acute short-term exposure to elevated temperature on the brain mitochondrial respiration of two Amazonian fish species with contrasting trophic roles: Schizodon fasciatus, which represents a prey species at a lower trophic level, and Pygocentrus nattereri, a predatory species. Specimens of Schizodon fasciatus and Pygocentrus nattereri were collected and subjected to temperatures of 28 °C and 37 °C for a period of four hours. Brain mitochondrial respiration was quantified to analyze complexes I, I + II, III, IV, proton leak (H⁺Leak), RCR, and ETS. Additionally, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated. The results revealed that exposure to higher temperatures caused elevated complex I activity in both species, with a more pronounced increase observed in S. fasciatus. Furthermore, significant increases in complex I + II and complex III were observed in S. fasciatus, while complex IV showed a decrease in both species. H⁺Leak exhibited a decrease in P. nattereri, whereas RCR demonstrated an increase in both species. ROS production displayed a decrease in P. nattereri but remained stable in S. fasciatus. The findings suggest that both fish species possess the capacity to adapt their brain mitochondrial function to higher temperatures, albeit with species-specific responses. These adaptations assist in maintaining brain energy production and minimizing oxidative stress, and emphasize potential imbalances in predator-prey relationships under changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with the hexane fraction of Ulva fasciata extract improves growth performance, immune responses, and antioxidant status in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","authors":"Asmaa M El-Nokrashy, Sara S Hassan, Ahmed E Elshafey, Radi A Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01682-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01682-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with the hexane fraction of Ulva fasciata extract (UH) on growth performance, immune responses, and antioxidant status in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia fingerlings (initial weight 3.13 ± 0.03 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg kg⁻¹ UH for 60 days. The findings demonstrated that dietary supplementation with the hexane fraction of Ulva fasciata extract (UH150, UH100, and UH50) significantly increased final weight gain, specific growth rate, and improved feed conversion ratio compared to UH0 (control diet). According to the intestinal villi histomorphometric evaluation, fish that received UH exhibited improvements in villi length, goblet cell numbers, and intervillous spaces, particularly in UH100 (p < 0.05). However, UH150 demonstrated the most significant improvements in villi width. The highest WBC counts, phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity-alongside normal ranges for hematological and biochemical parameters-were detected in fish that received 100 mgkg^-1 UH. The Ulva hexane fraction extract meals at 50, 100, and 150 mg kg^-1 triggered upregulation of growth hormone receptor (GHr), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), myostatin (MSTN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with the best results being stated in UH150. In conclusion, UH dietary inclusion improved growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and immune-physiological response of Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in aquafeeds: impacts on fish muscle quality, molecular mechanisms, and crispness attributes.","authors":"Gazahegn Wakjira Yadata, Ning Xin Guo, Zhi Chao Meng, Yan Zhao, Jinliang Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01687-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01687-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving the texture and quality of fish muscle is a key objective in aquaculture, driven by the increasing demand for high-value, health-promoting seafood. This review highlights the potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a functional feed ingredient to enhance these muscle characteristics, particularly texture and crispness. By integrating insights from nutritional biochemistry, muscle texture studies, and molecular biology, we explored how diets enriched with faba beans influence muscle fiber structure, collagen dynamics, and the molecular expression related to muscle development, protein integrity, and stress responses. These mechanisms collectively contribute to firmer and crisper muscle texture. Additionally, the review addresses the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of faba beans and their physiological interactions. While there are benefits, such as increased collagen deposition and improved textural traits, long-term feeding may lead to issues like growth retardation, lipid accumulation, intestinal inflammation, and reduced antioxidant capacity. Overall, this review highlights the faba bean's dual role as both a plant-based protein and a textural enhancer, providing innovative strategies for enhancing value in aquaculture production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 17β-estradiol interference on the temporal and spatial expression patterns of piwil1 gene and gonadal development in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).","authors":"Jiale Zhang, Mingchen Ma, Shengjie Li, Taihang Tian, Jinxing Du, Caixia Lei, Tao Zhu, Jing Tian, Hongmei Song","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01686-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01686-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to explore the role of piwil1 (Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1) in sex differentiation and gonadal development of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). To this end, we established a 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated pseudo-female group (XY-F, sex reversal rate 100%), a control female group (XX-F), and a control male group (XY-M). The full-length cDNA of piwil1 was obtained using the RACE technique, and its expression pattern, response to E2 treatment, and spatial localization were analyzed. The piwil1 cDNA is 3091 bp in length and encodes a protein of 855 amino acids. qRT-PCR showed that piwil1 was highly expressed in the gonads, with higher expression in mature testes than in ovaries (P < 0.05). During early gonadal differentiation, piwil1 expression increased in all groups (XY-M, XX-F, and XY-F). At 2 months old, piwil1 expression was significantly suppressed in E2-treated XY-F fish compared to XY-M and XX-F (P < 0.05). By 12 months old, piwil1 expression was highest in XY-M testes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results confirmed the differential expression pattern of the piwil1 gene, and strong signals were observed in oogonia (OG), primary oocytes (OC1), growing oocytes (GOC), vitellogenic oocytes (VO), primary spermatogonia (PSG), secondary spermatogonia (SSG), primary spermatocytes (PSC), and sperm (SP). In conclusion, piwil1 plays an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis, which exhibits a male-biased expression pattern in largemouth bass. These findings provide a potential molecular target for monosex male breeding in largemouth bass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding and light cycle disruptions have distinct effects on energy balance and neuroendocrine regulators in goldfish.","authors":"Nuria Saiz, Esther Isorna, Lisbeth Herrera-Castillo, María Jesús Delgado, Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo, Nuria de Pedro","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01685-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01685-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synchronization of biological rhythms to environmental cues is essential for maintaining temporal homeostasis. However, the specific neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of circadian misalignment in fish remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of chronodisruption on energy homeostasis in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Fish were exposed for 53 days to three conditions: Control (12L:12D photoperiod, feeding at ZT 1); Random Feeding (RF; 12L:12D, feeding at random times) and continuous light (LL, feeding at ZT 1). Feed intake, metabolic rate, and locomotor activity were monitored as indicators of energy input and expenditure. Biometric indices (weight and length gain, growth, nutritional and hepatosomatic indices) were calculated. The expression of feeding and growth regulating genes was also analyzed in hypothalamus (hcrt, npy, crh, pomca, cartpt1, and cartpt2), telencephalon (cnr1), liver (igf1, and lepa1), and intestine (cck1 and ghrl). Plasma and liver metabolites (triglycerides, glycogen, lactate, and glucose) and plasma cortisol levels were analyzed to assess metabolic and stress responses. Both RF and LL groups showed elevated metabolic rate and feed intake, accompanied by changes in the expression of feeding regulators that favored orexigenic signals. However, only RF fish showed increased growth, weight, hepatosomatic index, and plasma glucose, suggesting a positive energy balance. LL fish showed growth similar to controls, likely due to a greater increase in energy expenditure. Overall, our results show that disruption of temporal feeding or light cues alters energy balance, with different physiological outcomes depending on the type of disruption. This study highlights the critical role of circadian alignment in maintaining energy homeostasis in goldfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary phytic acid on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic metabolism, and immune-related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","authors":"Huai Zhang, Qifeng Lu, Jianwen Deng, Li Lin, Qingqing Li","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01688-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01688-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytic acid (PA) is a common anti-nutritional factor in plant-based aquafeeds that can affect nutrient utilization and physiological homeostasis in fish. However, its dose-dependent physiological effects on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) remain poorly characterized. This study investigated the effects of graded dietary levels of PA (0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g/kg) on growth performance, antioxidant status, hepatic metabolism, and immune regulation in Nile tilapia. Results showed that dietary PA significantly reduced body weight gain and increased liver somatic index in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant capacity was impaired, hepatic function was disrupted, and immune-related gene expression was altered. No significant differences were observed in survival rate among treatments. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that excessive dietary PA induces metabolic stress in Nile tilapia, characterized by oxidative imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. These results highlight the importance of controlling PA levels or applying targeted mitigation strategies in aquafeed formulations to maintain fish health and optimize aquaculture productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}