Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of progestogen neurosteroids on locomotor activity in zebrafish embryos and larvae.","authors":"Mandarin Mathouchanh, Charles A Lessman","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01519-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01519-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The steroid hormone progesterone (P4) and related compounds called progestogens are well known for their effects on the reproductive system. However, their physiological roles outside reproduction are less understood. Additionally, there is limited information on the toxicological repercussions of environmental exposure to exogenous progestogens and how such exposure might impact the development and survival of animals living in contaminated habitats. Two progesterone-based neurosteroids, allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), are known to enhance γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA_A) receptor activity, inducing neuronal hyperpolarization. In this study, locomotor parameters in zebrafish embryos and larvae were used as endpoints to assess the inhibitory effects of pregnane neurosteroids. Specifically, spontaneous tail coiling in embryos at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) and swimming activity in larvae aged 120-168 hpf were evaluated. Motility assays in embryos showed that P4 increased spontaneous tail coiling, whereas larvae exhibited an anesthetic-like loss of motility. This effect was both age- and dose-dependent for P4, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 5α-dihydroprogesterone, and the membrane progesterone receptor agonist, ORG-OD-02-0, but not for other steroids tested. Removal of the steroids after the onset of anesthesia led to recovery of motility in larvae, suggesting that the observed effects are not due to a non-specific toxicity. Our results suggest that P4 targets the mPR, which acts in association with the GABA_A receptor to mediate the loss of locomotor behavior. This study provides further insight into how neuroactive compounds can affect locomotor behaviors during early developmental stages in nonmammalian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure and androgen analysis during sex inversion of Brycon orbignyanus reared in captivity.","authors":"Patricia Postingel Quirino, Maria Luiza Ribeiro Delgado, Luciane Gomes-Silva, Giovana Souza Branco, Renata Guimarães Moreira, Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira, Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01517-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01517-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piracanjuba, Brycon orbignyanus, is a neotropical gonochoristic species of great ecological and commercial interest. When cultivated in captivity, it sexually differentiates into females, primary males, and secondary males that originate from females that undergo sex inversion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the plasma profile of the androgens testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) throughout the sex differentiation of B. orbignyanus maintained in captivity and ultrastructurally verifying the basement membrane in specimens that underwent natural sex inversion. For this purpose, monthly collections (n = 15/month) were carried out from February to December 2018, and samples were collected from two months to one year of age. The specimens were euthanized, and blood, gonads and liver were collected. The plasma was subjected to steroid analysis, and the androgens T and 11-KT were quantified. The gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indices were measured to assess the reproductive stages of fish, and the gonads were subjected to histological and ultrastructural analyses. Among all the animals analyzed, undifferentiated specimens, females in early differentiation, intersex specimens, males in early differentiation, and females with functional ovaries were identified, all of which were considered immature, in addition to males with functional testes considered able to produce sperm. No significant differences were found in the plasma T profile, while males able to produce sperm and intersex individuals had higher plasma concentrations of 11-KT than the other groups analyzed. Thus, it is suggested that sex inversion in females in Brycon orbignyanus is driven by the action of the androgen 11-KT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita essential oil, MS-222, and linalool on anesthesia and transportation of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus).","authors":"Jie Cao, Meijie Guo, Jinfeng Wang, Jun Mei, Jing Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01500-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01500-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based essential oils have been considered to be used as fish anesthetics and as suitable alternatives to synthetic anesthetics. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita essential oil (CFEO), MS-222 and linalool on anesthetic induction and recovery of spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus, and verified their sedative effects during simulated transportation. A total of 198 live spotted seabass samples were subjected to various concentrations of MS-222, CFEO, and linalool: 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L^-1, individually, to evaluate the anesthetic induction time. MS-222, CFEO, and linalool all showed a deep sedation in spotted seabass at 20 mg L^-1. The minimum concentration required to achieve profound anesthesia in spotted seabass was found to be 50 mg L^-1 MS-222, 100 mg L^-1 CFEO, and 50 mg L^-1 linalool, respectively. In addition, 120 healthy spotted seabass (400 g ± 3.5 g) were randomly divided into four groups, which were tranquilized by 20 mg L^-1 CFEO, linalool, and MS-222, and the control fish were kept in clean seawater without anesthetics and essential oils. Then, the spotted seabass was simulated to be transported in a vibrating conveyor under 100 rpm at 12 °C for 24 h. The results showed that the fish transported with MS-222 and CFEO showed lower expressions in cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta) compared to fish transported with linalool. Sedation with linalool reduced oxidative stress (higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities) in transport compared to the control but did not prevent changes in the activities of heat shock protein. In general, the efficacy of CFEO in anesthetizing and sedating spotted seabass and mitigating transport stress was as good as or better than that of MS-222, demonstrating it has the potential to be used as a new and natural sedation for spotted seabass during transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the metabolic gene expression and energetic patterns of the seasonally acclimatized gilthead seabream.","authors":"Vasiliki Makri, Ioannis A Giantsis, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Ioannis Georgoulis, Antonia Gougousi, Basile Michaelidis","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01513-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01513-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate how seasonal changes in the oxidation of biological energy substrates contribute to the thermal tolerance of farmed fish, as well as to explore the potential relationship between seasonality, metabolic pathways, and the energy reserves of a highly important aquaculture species, i.e., the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. In a monthly basis collected tissue samples from a fish farm in Evoikos Gulf in Greece, RNA/DNA ratio was measured, representing a highly informative index of the nutritional condition and growth of fish. Additionally, seasonal variations in glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed through relative gene expressions of key metabolic enzymes and proteins such as glucose transporter (Glu), lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH), citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), pyruvate kinase (PK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα/γ). Furthermore, the expression of uncoupling proteins, NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1a), electron transport system activity (ETS), and its components (complex I + III) was also employed as indicators of the respiratory chain activity. The findings reveal two distinct metabolic periods affecting productivity: a cold acclimatization phase marked by significant lipid accumulation and a warm acclimatization phase characterized by elevated carbohydrate metabolic pathways and enhanced corresponding enzymatic activities. However, the decreasing CS enzymatic activity during warm acclimatization may reflect the initiation of mitochondrial dysfunction. These metabolic adjustments underscore the fish adaptive responses to seasonal temperature fluctuations, highlighting their mechanisms of thermal tolerance and energy utilization. This understanding is particularly relevant for sustainability practices under varying thermal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal tolerance of turbot based on cardiac performance and analysis of molecular regulatory mechanisms.","authors":"Yuhang Jiang, Zhihui Huang, Aijun Ma, Junwen Cao, Hao Zhang, Yinuo Zhao, Yan Hu, Ming Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01518-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01518-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heart is an important factor affecting the upper limit of thermal tolerance in fish, and plays a major role in their physiological plasticity and acclimation to different thermal conditions. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus (L.)) is a cold-water marine fish, and in our previous studies, selecting a high-temperature resistant strain (HR) which increased the upper limit of high-temperature tolerance by more than 2 °C. The study evaluated the difference of the thermal tolerance between the high-temperature resistant strain (HR) and general group (GG) by using Arrhenius break temperatures (ABT). The ABT between them showed a significant difference that suggested different levels of thermal resistance. The result was consistent with assessments of upper thermal tolerance, as well as the activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the key genes regulating cardiac performance were analyzed in molecular level. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that the RNA expression of β-ARs in the heart at increasing temperature followed an upward trend. However, the expression of mmp2, timp2, fosa, and pcna genes in the heart decreased. Additionally, western blot results demonstrated that the levels of β1-AR and β3-AR protein expression steadily increased. Overall, in response to acute thermal stress, the primary effector genes in the β-AR signalling pathway were β-ARs. Our study identified an effective and accurate measurement for evaluating the turbot's thermal tolerance and initially explored the molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiac performance under thermal stress. These would be greatly beneficial in aquaculture and breeding projects of turbot.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of dietary Ceratonia silique and Zingiber offcinale on the immune-antioxidant-signaling pathways, growth, physiological response, and ammonia resistance in Oreochromis niloticus reared under unchanged water.","authors":"Mohamed F A Abdel-Aziz, Mona S Azab, Ahmed R Mohamed, Ashraf Y El-Dakar, Dalia S Hamza, Gehad E Elshopakey, Ahmed Shehab, Afaf N Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01496-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01496-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prioritizing water management and maintaining its quality for as long as possible, while lowering related stressors, are crucial for sustainable aquaculture. To achieve this equilibrium, enriched aquafeed with natural immunostimulants is essential to success. In this trend, 6 weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ceratonia siliqua syrup (CSS) and Zingiber officinale powder (ZOP) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under a zero-water exchange. The immune-antioxidant, growth, physiological responses, and the antioxidant/inflammatory pathways-associated genes as well as ammonia tolerance were evaluated. Fish (weighing 25.85 ± 1.42 g) were randomly housed into six groups (n = 30 fish/group; ten fish/replicate; three replicates/group). The control group was fed a basal diet without any additives. The second (CSS1.25) group was fed a diet supplemented with 1.25% CSS. The third (ZOP0.5) and fourth (ZOP1) groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.5 and 1% ZOP. The fifth (CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5) and sixth (CSS1.25 + ZOP1) groups were fed diets supplemented with 1.25% CSS and 0.5 or 1% ZOP. All treatments were kept without water exchange for 6 weeks. Findings revealed the most notable improvement (P < 0.05) in growth rate (final body weight and specific growth rate) and survival rate in fish fed with dietary ZOP and CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5 diets. Hepato-renal markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, urea, glucose, and cortisol) and lipid peroxides (malonaldehyde) were declined by CSS and/or ZOP diets. Immuno-antioxidants (immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione) were significantly boosted (P < 0.05) in the ZOP1 and CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5 groups. In addition, CSS and/or ZOP diets markedly (P < 0.05) upregulated antioxidant-linked genes (SOD and glutathione peroxidase) and downregulated the stress gene (heat shock protein 70) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). In addition, CSS and/or ZOP diets decreased fish mortality during ammonia stress. The ZOP1 diet was significantly reported of having the best outcomes (P < 0.05) throughout the measured indices. Overall, our findings demonstrate that dietary ZOP and CSS at the optimum doses can improve growth, immune response, and physiological functions of O. niloticus reared in stressful conditions (unchanged water) for the sustainable aquaculture industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus) to temperature fluctuation stress revealed by LCMS/MS-based mucus and sera metabolomics.","authors":"Ellia Kartini Mujar, Saleema Matusin, Nur Syahirah Yahya, Muhammad Safwan Ahamad Bustamam, Annie Christianus, Khozirah Shaari, Nur Kartinee Kassim, Faridah Abas, Jen Kit Tan, Intan Safinar Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01510-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01510-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture, which involves the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, is recognised to be an effective and vital resource-efficient food production system for supplying affordable protein to humans. Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus) is a marine carnivorous teleost that has a high economic importance in the marine aquaculture industry particularly in countries in the Asian region. However, the vulnerability of juvenile hybrid grouper to temperature fluctuations stemming from the acceleration of climate change is regarded as one of significant threats to their market supply and a major concern for the aquaculture industry. In the present study, LCMS/MS-based mucus and sera metabolomics were used to investigate the physiological responses of juvenile hybrid grouper via their behavioural response towards temperature fluctuation stress that could be translated as indicators for either resilience or susceptibility to the stressors. Susceptible fish exhibited pronounced behavioural responses, including cessation of feeding and erratic swimming. In contrast, resilient fish displayed relatively stable behaviour, comparable to control fish, with reduced feeding as a primary deviation. A total of 36 mucus metabolites (VIP > 1) were profiled in OPLSDA in juvenile hybrid grouper subjected to temperature fluctuation stress. Among these, 20 and 16 metabolites were significantly altered (Student's t-test, p < 0.05) in susceptible (MSG) and resilient (MRG) fish in comparison to the control (CG), respectively. Although OPLSDA did not reveal a clear separation between the two groups, 4 metabolites namely glycerophosphocholine, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and pantothenic acid differed significantly between them. In sera, 54 metabolites (VIP > 1) were profiled, with 38 and 26 significantly altered in the susceptible (SSG) and resilient (SRG) groups, respectively. Comparative analysis between significant and resilient groups resulted in the nomination of hypoxanthine, guanosine, guanine, methionine, DL-malic acid, and glucose as potential biomarkers for susceptibility in juvenile hybrid grouper. Pathway analysis of these metabolite markers revealed that temperature stress mainly affected purine metabolism, TCA cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Overall, the findings of this study provide insights into the physiological regulation of juvenile hybrid grouper that are susceptible to temperature changes through their behavioural response, as well as a framework for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating potential of Malva parviflora leaves against Polyram DF (dry flowable) toxicity in Nile tilapia: immune/apoptotic markers, biochemical, antioxidant, and histopathological insights.","authors":"Elsayed M Younis, Rowida E Ibrahim, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Engy Mohamed Mohamed Yassin, Kholoud A Alhallag, Mohammed S Sobh, Mohamed Shaalan, Tarek Khamis, Afaf N Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01515-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01515-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, the contamination of aquatic bodies by improper application of pesticides, particularly fungicides, endangered aquatic life and hampered sustainable aquaculture. Exploring innovative strategies to mitigate this difficult issue as eco-friendly and cost-effective is indispensable. Herein, the potential of dietary Egyptian mallow (Malva parviflora) leaves (EML) as a powder form to mitigate the toxicological implications of metiram (MET) exposure in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) was assessed in this attempt. The investigation featured growth, physiological, immune/antioxidant responses, splenic cytokines expression, and histopathological concepts. In light of this, fish (N = 200; 32.80 ± 0.92 g) were eventually assigned into four groups with five sets (control, EML, MET, and EML + MET) for 63 days. The control and EML groups were given basal diets that had 0 and 15 g EML/kg diet, respectively, without MET exposure. Furthermore, MET and EML + MET groups were received the identical diets as control and EML groups, respectively, and exposed to 0.38 mg/L MET. The findings highlighted a significant (P < 0.001) growth retardation (declining in weight gain and specific growth rate) and higher fish mortality (32%) by MET exposure. Also, immune impairment (lowered immunoglobulin M and complement 3) and oxidative damage (higher malondialdehyde and declined catalase and superoxide dismutase) were the outcomes of MET toxicity. In addition, the biochemical biomarkers showed substantial disruptions (P < 0.001) in the MET group, where creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase increased. Splenic expression of immune-relevant cytokines (interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma 1) was downregulated with upregulation of apoptosis (cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3) linked gene by MET toxicity (P < 0.001). Histologically, MET significantly provoked a diverse range of aberrations in the spleen, kidney, and liver tissues. Remarkably, feeding the EML diet to the MET group decreased fish mortality (14%) and refined all metrics, while retaining the histological integrity of tissues. The conclusion of this viewpoint recommends using dietary EML (15 g/kg) to diminish the deleterious effects of MET in toxicity in Nile tilapia to sustain aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezo1/2 regulates gastric pepsinogen secretion of mandarin fish.","authors":"Xiaoli Yao, Qi Zhang, Temesgen Tola Geletu, Xiaopeng Huang, Li Zhang, Jia Zheng, Yan Zhao, Shoujie Tang, Jinliang Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01512-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01512-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pepsinogen plays a crucial role in the gastric digestion of carnivorous fish. Piezo signals in the stomach, which are typically associated with digestion through mechanical forces resulting from food intake, have been extensively investigated in mammals but have received comparatively limited attention in fish. To explore the physiological characteristics of gastric digestion and the regulatory mechanism of pepsinogen and piezo secretion in carnivorous fish, we investigated the gastric contents of juvenile mandarin fish (5.83 ± 1.32 g, 6.60 ± 0.46 cm) following feeding and developed a mathematical model for gastric emptying (feeding live baits at 26 °C) to briefly describe changes in gastric pressure. The expression patterns of piezo1/2 and pepsinogens were examined under normal feeding and water gavage (only gastric pressure) conditions. The results indicated that the weight of gastric contents gradually decreased over time, and the most appropriate model describing this trend was the square root model with a fitted equation of Y = - 0.0006t² - 0.0130t + 0.6163 (R² = 0.9599) of mandarin fish. The percentage of wet weight decreased significantly after 6 hpf (hour post-feeding) (P < 0.05), meaning that the stomach pressure decreased significantly at 6 hpf. During gastric digestion, there was a significant increase in piezo1/2 expression at 6 hpf (P < 0.05), followed by a gradual plateau (P > 0.05). Pepsinogen (PG A and PG C) content exhibited a similar trend to piezo1/2, showing a rising trend and peaking at 6 hpf (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of gas, pg a1/2, pg c, and hk α demonstrated an \"upward and then downward\" trajectory and peak levels at 6 hpf (P < 0.05). In the water gavage group, piezo1/2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) and peaked at 1-2 h. Similarly, the rises in PG A and PG C contents, gas, pg a2, and hk α mRNA relative expression levels were also observed with a peak at 1-2 h (P < 0.05), while no distinct peaks of piezo and pepsinogen were observed in the starved group. Our results suggested that piezo1/2 is activated by intragastric pressure and up-regulated the pepsinogen expression in juvenile mandarin fish (5.83 ± 1.32 g, 6.60 ± 0.46 cm).</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-targeted metabolomics revealed the effect of starvation to juvenile Onychostoma sima liver.","authors":"Chunna Chen, Yingying Huang, Shengxuan Li, Zhengyi Li, Fei Xu, Bo Zhou, Jue Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01507-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01507-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial breeding and releasing can effectively restore fishery resources. However, it is important to note that released juvenile fish were highly susceptible to starvation during their adaptation to the natural environment. This study investigated the metabolomic changes in the liver of Onychostoma sima after 14 days using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) analysis under starvation exposure. The experiment was divided into a control group (C Group) and a starvation group (S Group), with six biological replicates in each group and one fish per replicate. The results indicated significant changes in the starvation group compared to the control group, as demonstrated by the principal component analysis (PCA) score plots and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The 297 differential metabolites screened were mainly involved in the metabolism of organic acids and derivatives, and lipids and lipid-like molecules. Furthermore, KEGG results revealed that differential metabolites were primarily enriched in 33 metabolic pathways. The majority of the amino acid metabolic pathways in the liver were significantly affected by starvation stress. Moreover, biosynthesis of amino acids, protein digestion and absorption, and mineral absorption were upregulated, while glycerophospholipid metabolism and the hedgehog signaling pathway were downregulated in response to energy demands during starvation. In conclusion, these findings provide physiological insights into the metabolism of juvenile O. sima under starvation stress, offering new perspectives for the optimization of fish proliferation and release technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 3","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}