Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Apoptosis in spotted sea bass brain and astroglia-like cell line implies a possible pathogenesis of Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus infection.","authors":"Jingjing Xu, Yanping Ma, Le Hao, Zhenxing Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01543-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01543-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain undergoing apoptosis often results in serious dysfunction, especially when subjected to viral infection. Our previous findings revealed that Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus (LMIV), genetically closely related to Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV), was able to invade the brain tissue of L. maculatus. The analysis of consequent brain injury may bring us explanations for the pathogenesis of LMIV infection. In the present study, viral loads in different brain segments (telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, optic nerve) of L. maculatus were measured by qPCR. Then, injury and apoptosis in abovementioned brain divisions were compared by HE staining and TUNEL staining in histological slides, respectively. In vitro assays were further performed using an astroglia-like cell line, LMB-L, developed from brain of L. maculatus. In addition, LMIV-induced apoptotic LMB-L cells were examined utilizing classic methods such as Annexin V/PI staining, JC-1 staining, detection of caspase activity as well as qRT-PCR. We found that LMIV exhibited tropism for different brain regions, of which cerebellum and optic nerve containing the highest viral loads, varying from 188-fold to 115-fold compared with medulla oblongata. Correspondingly, LMIV infection led to serious apoptosis in cerebellum, optic nerve, and optic tectum showing plenty of TUNEL-positive cells. This phenomenon seemed to be congruent with obvious morphological changes in cerebellum and optic nerve with decrease of cells and loose tissue. The apoptosis rates of virus-infected LMB-L cells dramatically increased from 13.43 to 42.32%. Apoptosis in LMB-L cells coincided with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, significant activation of caspase 9, upregulation of the p53 (22.3-fold), Bax (62-fold), and downregulation of Mcl-1, which suggested that the apoptosis was probably mediated by mitochondrial signaling pathway. Moreover, it was also observed that transcription of Fas gene and activity of caspase 8 were evoked by virus infection in LMB-L cells. Thus, death receptor pathway may also be involved in the LMIV-induced apoptosis. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding about the pathogenesis of LMIV infection and apoptosis mechanisms mediated by virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rearing temperature on growth, energy reserves, and thermal plasticity of juvenile lake sturgeon.","authors":"Janet Genz, Caryn West","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01540-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01540-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hatchery-raised lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) are essential to the restoration of this species, but deviation from optimal juvenile growth conditions may limit post-stocking survival. This study investigated the effects of temperature for lake sturgeon raised at 15 °C, 18 °C, and 21 °C. Survival, growth, and synthesis and storage of metabolic energy reserves were measured weekly for 6 weeks following the onset of exogenous feeding. No significant differences in survival, total length, body mass, or SGR were observed based on rearing temperature. Whole-body lipid concentrations were stable over 6 weeks of growth, while mass-specific protein concentrations were significantly increased in all treatments starting at week 3, suggesting the prioritization of lean muscle production in early life at all tested temperatures. Furthermore, total protein accounted for a greater proportion of body mass in fish exposed to lower temperatures. Finally, persistent effects of rearing temperature were examined in stocking-size juveniles by measuring standard metabolic rate following acute transfer from 20 °C to each of the initial rearing temperatures. Metabolic rate increased with temperature, with no differences between rearing groups at each of the measured temperatures. However, fish reared at 18 °C demonstrated improved plasticity within the measured temperature range compared to lake sturgeon that experienced low (15 °C) or high (21 °C) temperatures in their early life. These results indicate that temperature plays a role in balancing the trade-off between rapid growth and nutritional condition of juvenile lake sturgeon, and thermal plasticity later in life, which may influence recruitment to depleted populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutagenic and cellular integrity disruptions in freshwater food fish exposed to mercuric chloride contamination.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Shefalee Singh, Anamika Jain, Vidyanand Tiwari, Yashika Awasthi, Kamlesh K Yadav, Shraddha Dwivedi, Sunil P Trivedi","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01536-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01536-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) contamination in aquatic environments poses significant threats to aquatic life, disrupting cellular functions and overall organism health. The impact of sublethal concentrations of HgCl₂ on the freshwater food fish Channa punctatus was examined in this 60-day study, with an emphasis on cellular and molecular reactions, specifically DNA damage and the related signaling pathways. A total of 135 fish were distributed among 3 groups and exposed to sublethal concentrations of HgCl₂ at 0.0 (group I), 0.039 (group II), and 0.078 mg L^-1 (group III). Elevated DNA damage was observed in fish exposed to HgCl₂, as quantified by the comet assay, with the highest DNA tail length in the group exposed to the highest HgCl₂ concentration. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in apoptotic cells (AC), in a dose-dependent manner was also noted. Upregulation of mRNA transcripts for Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), tumor protein (P53), and (P21) indicated enhanced apoptotic and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. The study also highlighted elevated activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, particularly p38 MAPK, in the liver and kidney tissues, implicating their role in mediating stress responses and inflammation. Histological analysis and SEM analysis corroborated these molecular findings, revealing significant tissue damage, including hepatic inflammation and renal tubular disorientation. Regression analysis showed strong correlations between various molecular markers in liver tissues, while kidney tissues exhibited variable responses, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms. These results underscore the comprehensive impact of HgCl₂ on cellular integrity and stress response pathways, providing novel insights into the tissue-specific effects of heavy metal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential antioxidant effect of creatine on the functionality of intratesticular spermatozoa of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).","authors":"Paola Niedmann, Osvaldo Merino, Sebastián Ávila, Wellison Amorim Pereira, Jorge G Farías, Ricardo Pinheiro S Oliveira, Alejandro Villasante, Iván Valdebenito Isler, Elías Figueroa Villalobos","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01535-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01535-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality control of intratesticular sperm samples obtained through testicular maceration faces significant challenges in salmon aquaculture. Mechanical damage during maceration and tissue contamination induces oxidative stress owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the ability of antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress, this study evaluated the antioxidant effect of creatine on intratesticular sperm functionality and quality in fifteen males of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Two experiments were conducted under short-term storage (4 °C). In experiment 1, four creatine concentrations were tested: group 1 (0 mM, control), group 2 (2.5 mM), group 3 (5.0 mM), and group 4 (7.5 mM), with measurements at 0 h and 24 h. Experiment 2 involved lower concentrations: group 1 (0 mM), group 2 (0.1 mM), group 3 (0.2 mM), and group 4 (0.4 mM), assessed after 1-h incubation. Both experiments evaluated sperm kinetics (motility, curvilinear velocity [VCL], straight-line velocity [VSL], average path velocity [VAP]) using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) and sperm functionality (membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, anion superoxide levels, and DNA fragmentation) via flow cytometry. In experiment 1, group 2 showed higher motility, and group 4 displayed reduced mitochondrial ROS at 0 h. In experiment 2, group 4 had significantly lower cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS levels, indicating enhanced antioxidant protection. Overall, creatine monohydrate demonstrated antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress, lowering ROS levels and DNA fragmentation in group 4 (0.4 mM). These findings highlight creatine's potential to enhance sperm quality in aquaculture, particularly for short-term storage of intratesticular sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of long-term exposure to single and mixed mineral ions related to water hardness on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus).","authors":"Eman I Hassanen, Wafaa A Mohamed, Hanan S Khalefa, Ghada E Ali, Mahmoud A Mahmoud","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01532-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01532-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of single and mixed minerals involved in water hardness on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Seventy-five fish were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 15), each consisting of three replicates (n = 5), and subjected to the following treatments for two months: standard fishery water, Ca (186 mg/L CaCl₂), Mg (40 mg/L MgCl₂), Na (25 g/L NaHCO₃), a mixture of MgCl₂, CaCl₂, and NaHCO₃ at the same protocol dosing to adjust water hardness at 300 mg/L. The results reported that fish exposed to Ca, Na, and Mix salts showed a significant decline in growth performance, serum antioxidant levels, and protein profile along with a significant rise in the enzymatic activity of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, and MDA levels (P ≤ 0.05). Exposure of fish to either single or mixed ions caused histopathological changes in the gills, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain. However, the nature, distribution, and the degree of severity of histopathological lesions vary in the experimental groups. The group exposed to mixed salts had the highest scores in all the pathological parameters, whereas the Mg group recorded the lowest scores. Moreover, the Ca group exhibited the highest scores in the liver and kidney, while the Na group showed the highest scores in the gills, spleen, and kidney.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology and morphology of clonal Atlantic salmon-influence of incubation temperature, ploidy, and zygosity.","authors":"Malthe Hvas, Fletcher Warren-Myers, Ida B Johansen, Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Tom Johnny Hansen","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01533-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01533-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isogenic (clonal) fish lines are useful experimental models to study effects of environment versus genetics on phenotypic traits, as they can be maintained for generations without change, providing advantages over outbred groups prone to generational change and higher variation. Here we performed experiments on isogenic Atlantic salmon groups that were either heterozygous diploid, homozygous diploid, triploid, or heterozygous diploid incubated at 4 °C instead of 8 °C. We measured metabolic rates, stress response, and hypoxia tolerance to assess whole-animal performance traits. Then we measured the morphology of hearts and otoliths since both are known to be influenced by environmental history. Isogenic, ploidy, and zygosity statuses were confirmed from microsatellite markers. Embryonic development is affected by temperature, hence the 4 °C incubation group was tested 9 months later when it had reached an equivalent size as the other groups. Curiously, a bimodal size distribution emerged in this group. Physiological traits were similar between groups apart from higher standard metabolic rates in the 4 °C incubated fish. Each group had distinct heart morphologies where fish with a slower growth history resembled wild-phenotypes while homozygous fish had the most deviating hearts. Proportions of vaterite deposition in otoliths showed high individual variation and did not differ between groups. Lower coefficients of variation within groups were found when compared to outbred fish, but this was not consistent for all traits assessed. As such, substantial phenotypic variation in physiology and morphology was still observed in isogenic Atlantic salmon, which can be ascribed to random environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pumpkin peel (Cucurbita pepo)-fortified diet mitigates trace element mixture (mercury and zinc)-induced hepato-renal dysfunction, immunotoxicity, splenic gene disruption, and histopathological alterations in Oreochromis niloticus.","authors":"Rowida E Ibrahim, Afaf N Abdel Rahman, Mohammed S Sobh, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Ahmed S Alsaqufi, Yousef Alkhamis, Hesham A Hassanien, Ahmed Abbas, Tarek Khamis, Abdelrahman S Talab","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01534-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01534-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waterborne trace element mixture (TEM) negatively affects the physiological performance of fish and health status in recent years. Pumpkin peels (Cucurbita pepo, CPP; 12 g/kg diet) as a target of polyphenol substances was evaluated against TEM [mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn)] exposure in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in this investigation. Comprehensive biochemical, molecular, and histological assays were evaluated. A total of 160 fish (28.50 ± 1.33 g) were assigned into four groups for 60 days. The control and CPP groups were fed basal and CPP diets without trace element exposure, respectively. The TEM and CPP + TEM groups were exposed to TEM (Hg at 0.05 mg/L and Zn at 7.00 mg/L) and given the basal and CPP diets, respectively. Fish mortality (27.50%) and hepato-renal variables increased significantly in TEM fish. The TEM group experienced lower serum complement 3 activity, lysozyme activity, and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, downregulation of immune genes (interleukin-10, heme oxygenase-1, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1) expression and upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression were observed in the TEM group. Several pathological lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, and splenic tissues of the TEM fish. Fortification with CPP in the diet decreased the mortality rate and modulated hepato-renal markers in the TEM group. The humoral and splenic immune responses of the TEM fish and histological architecture were enhanced with the CPP-supplemented diet. Overall, the dietary intervention of CPP (12 g/kg diet) is recommended to overcome TEM negative effects on the physio-biochemical and immunological responses of Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of antioxidant status, stress, and hepatorenal biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in In-Pond raceway and traditional aquaculture systems.","authors":"Salah M Aly, Osama A Abd Allah, Noha I ElBanna, Nahla S Abdel-Naeim, Noha S Abdelnaeim, Mohamed Fathi","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01531-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01531-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The in-pond raceway system (IPRS), is an intensive aquaculture technology that has gained attention in recent years. This study evaluated the comparative effects of In-Pond Raceway Systems (IPRS) and traditional aquaculture systems on oxidative status, stress indices, and biomarkers of liver and kidney function, as well as proteinogram in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over 2, 4, and 6 months. The results revealed that serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC) level were significantly lower in the IPRS group compared to the traditional system at all time points (p < 0.01 at 2 months, p < 0.001 at 4 and 6 months), indicating oxidative stress in the IPRS. Stress markers such as cortisol and glucose levels were significantly elevated in the IPRS group at 4 and 6 months (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), while triglycerides and cholesterol levels were consistently higher in the IPRS group across all time points (p < 0.001 for triglycerides, p < 0.001 at 2 months and p < 0.01 at 4 and 6 months for cholesterol). Liver function biomarkers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), showed no significant differences between the two systems, except for a transient increase in ALT at 4 months in the IPRS group (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the need for optimized IPRS management strategies, particularly adjusted stocking densities, to mitigate physiological stress and ensure sustainable aquaculture. The traditional system demonstrated lower stress impacts, promoting better health and metabolic stability, offering valuable insights for balanced aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of homochromatic lights on the physiological responses and morphochromatic traits of scarlet badis, Dario dario (Hamilton, 1822).","authors":"N Siva, Gouranga Biswas, Sweta Pradhan, Arunashri A, Paramita B Sawant","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01523-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01523-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquarium fish keeping ranks as the world's second most popular hobby, with a global trade value of 18-20 billion USD annually. Despite its popularity, aquarium lighting is often used for aesthetics without considering its biological effects on fish. This study examined how homochromatic lights affect growth, feed utilization, survival, stress markers, hormone levels, and skin pigmentation in the ornamental fish Dario dario (scarlet badis). Ten male fish (92.79 ± 4.33 mg) were stocked per tank and exposed to six light treatments: red light (RL), blue light (BL), green light (GL), white light (WL), ambient light (AL), and dark (D) for 30 days under a 12:12-h (light:dark) photoperiod. Among treatments, GL significantly enhanced growth, feed efficiency, and survival. Stress biomarkers, namely superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glucose, and cholesterol contents were significantly lower (P < 0.01) under GL, WL, and AL. Fish under GL also had elevated 11-keto testosterone and reduced cortisol levels (P < 0.01), indicating hormonal balance. Visibly, GL-exposed fish displayed more vibrant red bands, confirmed through skin chromaticity analysis and microscopic observation of pigment dispersion in chromatophores. In summary, green light created a favourable environment for D. dario, improving growth, stress reduction, and ornamental value.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin receptor-mediated signaling pathways drive time-dependent physiological recovery from freezing in Perccottus glenii.","authors":"Zhaoyang Ning, Cunrun Ye, Yingqiao Chen, Jiajun Zhou, Xiaoyu Zhao, Ye Huang, Zhitao Liu, Weijie Mu","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01516-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01516-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freeze tolerance in fish has been associated with various physiological adaptations; however, the role of the melatonin (MT) system in fish freeze recovery remains poorly understood. This study investigates the role of MT and its receptors in the recovery phase from hibernation in the fish species Perccottus glenii. The results showed that during the recovery phase, MT content in untreated P. glenii increased gradually, with significantly higher levels at 12 h than at 4 h. MT injection facilitated the recovery of P. glenii, as evidenced by significant differences in hibernation recovery behaviors between injected and non-injected fish. In the liver during recovery, the mRNA levels of AANAT and HIOMT, key enzymes for MT secretion, were higher at 12 h. The expressions of MT receptors MTNR1A, MTNR1B, and MTNR1C were also upregulated at 12 h. In the liver, the expressions of PKC and ERK increased significantly at 12 h, suggesting MT role through the receptor pathway. Experiments with primary hepatocytes indicated that the MT receptor promoted PKC expression. In the liver during recovery, ERK and PKC protein levels were higher at 12 h than at 4 h, while PKA was lower. Various expression changes were observed for PKG, NF-κB, AKT, CAMK1, and CREB in different treatment groups. There were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of PKG, AKT, and CAMK1 between 12 and 4 h recovery cells and in CREB levels among the control, 4 h, and 12 h groups. The findings suggest that MT is involved in the hibernation recovery process, and its receptor-mediated signaling pathways play important roles, with mechanisms that may be time-dependent. The present study highlights the importance of the MT system in fish freeze recovery and offers a potential target for further research on improving fish survival in cold conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}