Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of replacing fishmeal with Periplaneta americana meal on growth performance, liver health, and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass.","authors":"Yuanyi Liu, Xihong Sun, Changchang Pu, Hongyu Chen, Weichuan Zhang, Zihui Wei, Yong Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01684-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-026-01684-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal with Periplaneta americana meal (PAM) on the growth performance, liver health, and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. A total of 450 fish (initial body weight 14.55 ± 0.09 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 30 fish per replicate. Five diets were formulated to replace fishmeal with PAM at the rate of 0% (control group, P0), 15% (P15), 30% (P30), 45% (P45), and 60% (P60). The results showed that PAM substitution in the diets did not significantly affect the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate (WGR) in P30 and P45 (P > 0.05). The L* and water holding capacity (WHC) of muscle in all PAM groups were higher than those in P0 (P < 0.05). In P15 and P30, the activities of SOD, GPX, T-AOC, and CAT in largemouth bass liver were significantly increased (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA analysis indicated that replacing fishmeal with PAM caused changes in intestinal microbiota. Compared with P0, there were no significant differences in the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in P15 and P30 (P > 0.05), while the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Actinobacteriota were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). However, the abundances of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Verrucomicrobiota were significantly decreased in P45 and P60, while the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In P0, P15, and P30, the abundance of Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas, Bradyrhizobium, and Citrobacter significantly increased, while in P60, the abundance of Plesiomonas, Cetobacterium, and Aeromonas significantly increased, and the abundance of Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas, and Akkermansia significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, up to 30% fishmeal can be replaced by PAM in the diet without adversely affecting the growth performance and improving the muscle quality and liver antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass. However, replacing more than 30% of fishmeal with PAM may cause liver tissue damage and affect the composition of intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass. This study will provide practical strategies for the substitution and application of PAM in aquafeeds and for improving the muscle quality of largemouth bass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sample preparation methods for NMR-based metabolomics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) ovarian fluid.","authors":"Fabio Casu, Amanda L Bayless, Brian C Peterson, Heather J Hamlin, Ashley S P Boggs, Tracey B Schock","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01678-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01678-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Average embryo survival in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has declined sharply from about 80% to below 50% in North America over the past two decades. The underlying causes remain unclear, and no effective solutions currently exist for this problem, posing a major challenge to the production of a leading aquaculture species in the USA. Traditional selective breeding programs typically assign \"breeding values\" to broodstock fish based on growth-related traits; however, incorporating reproductive success traits (e.g., embryo hatch rates, metabolic biomarkers) into breeding value calculations may improve the efficiency of broodstock selection and help identify individuals more likely to produce viable offspring. Ovarian fluid (OF), collected non-lethally during egg harvesting, offers a valuable biological matrix for metabolomics-based biomarker discovery for fish reproduction. This study tested seven sample preparation methods for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis of OF: (a) filtration; (b) protein precipitation; (c) lyophilization; (d) dilution; (e) lyophilization-filtration; (f) dilution-filtration; (g) filtration-concentration. The objectives were to confirm that OF contains measurable metabolites, and to establish a repeatable and practical OF sample preparation method for NMR metabolomic analysis. Among the methods tested, filtration-concentration produced the most consistent quality spectra with lower variability, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and ease of execution compared with alternative methods tested. In addition, this study demonstrates that blood contamination that may accidentally occur during ovarian fluid collection can significantly alter OF metabolite profiles, potentially affecting downstream analyses and data interpretation. These findings provide a foundation for standardized NMR metabolomics in salmon broodstock reproductive research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menthol-induced sedation and hemodynamic safety limits in Nile tilapia: defining a therapeutic window.","authors":"Clarissa Araujo da Paz, Daniella Bastos de Araujo, Axell Lins, Luciana Eiró-Quirino, Thaysa de Sousa Reis, Júlia Santos da Silva, Luciana Esquerdo Cerquira, Luana Vasconcelos de Souza, Lucas Lima da Rocha, Nilton Akio Muto, Moisés Hamoy","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01681-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01681-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menthol, a natural monoterpene extracted from Mentha species, has gained attention as an alternative sedative and anesthetic in aquaculture. However, its physiological safety range and potential sublethal toxicity remain insufficiently defined. This study investigated the cardiac and behavioral effects of menthol sedation in Oreochromis niloticus, aiming to identify a therapeutic window and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. Juvenile fish were exposed to graded concentrations of menthol (100-250 mg/L) to evaluate induction and recovery times, cardiac rhythm stability, and electrocardiographic parameters, including heart rate, QRS amplitude, and PQ and QT intervals. Additional assays with the GABA_A receptor antagonist flumazenil (1 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.) were performed to determine neurophysiological mediation. Menthol induced a concentration-dependent decrease in heart rate and prolongation of ventricular conduction intervals, characterizing sinus bradycardia without arrhythmia. Concentrations between 100 and 200 mg/L provided effective sedation and rapid recovery while maintaining hemodynamic stability, defining a safe therapeutic window. Above 200 mg/L, pronounced bradycardia and delayed recovery were observed, indicating sublethal cardiac depression. Flumazenil significantly prolonged anesthesia induction, confirming GABA_A-mediated mechanisms in menthol sedation. These findings establish the physiological safety limits for menthol use in Nile tilapia and highlight its ecotoxicological significance, as excessive or environmental exposure may impair cardiac homeostasis in aquatic organisms. The results contribute to defining safe anesthetic practices and to understanding the toxicodynamic implications of natural sedatives in aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolactin-PRLR-STAT5 signaling upregulates a candidate pheromone receptor caor67 in the olfactory epithelium of northern snakehead (Channa argus).","authors":"Tianyu Jiang, Chenpeng Zuo, Likang Lyu, Xiaojie Wang, Donglei Sun, Xiao Jing, Xinlin Yang, Xin Qi","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01671-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01671-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheromones are key modulators of reproductive behavior in fish, and certain odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in the olfactory epithelium act as receptors for sex pheromones. The northern snakehead (Channa argus) exhibits distinctive parental care behaviors, such as nest construction and brood guarding. It is likely that hormonal regulation during the breeding season upregulates the expression of olfactory receptors, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of C. argus to pheromones released by the opposite sex and ultimately promoting the initiation of reproductive behaviors. A total of 256 functional OR genes were identified from the C. argus genome, and these were distributed across four chromosomes. Transcriptome sequencing of whole-brain and olfactory rosette tissues from males during and after the breeding season showed a marked upregulation of the olfactory receptor gene caor67 in the olfactory rosettes, as well as increased expression of prolactin (PRL) in the brain. The open reading frames (ORFs) of caor67, prl, prlra, prlrb, stat5a, and stat5b from northern snakehead were cloned and characterized. The expression of caor67 is highest in the olfactory rosettes. During the breeding season, the expression of caor67 in the male olfactory rosettes is significantly higher than in females. prl expression is relatively high in the pituitary, while prlra shows the highest expression in the gills, followed by the olfactory rosettes. prlrb has the highest expression in the olfactory rosettes, followed by the gills and kidney. In situ hybridization results show that the mRNA of caor67, prlra, and prlrb is expressed in the sensory epithelium of the C. argus olfactory rosettes, with expression detected in both ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Co-localization of caor67 with prlra and prlrb was observed in the ORNs of the olfactory rosettes. Recombinant C. argus PRL (rPRL) was expressed and purified, and functional assays confirmed that it interacts with both PRLRa and PRLRb to enhance phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) activity. Overexpression of PRLRa/PRLRb or STAT5a/STAT5b significantly increased caor67 promoter-driven luciferase activity in vitro. Treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor TG101348, which blocks the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway, significantly reduced luciferase activity, indicating that PRL regulates the transcription of caor67 via the PRLR-JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological disruptions induced by synthetic detergents in Labeo rohita: hematological, endocrine, immunological, antioxidant, histopathological and genotoxic perspectives.","authors":"Bushra Rafique, Shehzad Ghayyur, Shahryar Ghayyur, Numan Badshah, Uswa Sajid, Sadia Syed","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01680-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01680-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic detergents including Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) are commonly used in household and industrial cleaning products, yet their chronic toxicological effects on freshwater fish species remain inadequately explored. The current study investigates the sub-lethal effects of these synthetic detergents on hemato-biochemical profile of freshwater fish Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC₅₀ values of LAS and BAS for the selected fish were calculated as 6.45 mg/L and 8.31 mg/L, respectively, using the probit analysis method. A total of 180 fish specimens were randomly subjected to a triplicate experimental setup, with 60 fish allocated to each replicate, marked as G₀, G₁, G₂ ang G₃ where G₀ served as control while the remaining three groups were treated with LAS (3.22 mg/L), BAS (4.15 mg/L) and their binary mixture (LAS, 1.61 mg/L + BAS, 2.7 mg/L) respectively, for a period of 30 days. Post exposure analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the RBCs, hemoglobin, and hematocrit value with increase in WBCs and platelets count in detergents exposed fish, compared to control. Among endocrine hormones T3, T4 and insulin levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while TSH and Cortisol were increased in the detergents exposed fish. Blood levels of NO, IgM, and RB were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all detergent treated fish, whereas lysozyme activity was significantly increased only in the LAS and mixture detergent treated fish. Antioxidant biomarkers, including CAT, SOD, and GSH, were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas MDA levels showed a marked increase in detergents exposed fish. Histopathological analysis identified substantial alterations in gill tissues across all the detergents exposed groups. Furthermore, genotoxic analysis demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in micronuclei (MNs) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs), confirming the genotoxic potential of the tested detergents. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to commonly used detergents can disrupt multiple physiological systems in L. rohita, highlighting the potential ecological risks of detergent pollution in freshwater ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary astaxanthin supplementation improves semen quality and systemic physiological health in pubertal male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","authors":"Patrick Gomes Avelino, Yugo Moraes Pastrana, Amanda Pereira de Amaral, Felipe Mendes de Souza, Gerlayne Maria Dos Santos, Josiane Ramos da Silva, Vivian Costa Vasconcelos, Guilherme Melgaço Heluy, Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke, Juliana Ferreira Dos Santos, Ranilson de Souza Bezerra","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01677-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01677-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary astaxanthin on sperm quality and physiological indicators of pubertal male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Fish (32.42 ± 0.51 g) were allocated to 16 tanks in recirculating aquaculture system (220 L; 5 fish tank^-1), with four replicate tanks per dietary treatment, and fed for 45 days with diets containing 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg kg^-1 astaxanthin derived from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. Astaxanthin supplementation markedly improved seminal traits: males receiving 50-150 mg kg^-1 exhibited significantly greater semen volume, sperm concentration and motility, and a higher proportion of morphologically normal sperm than controls (P < 0.05). Semen from supplemented groups also showed reduced catalase activity and malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05), indicating lower oxidative stress. Growth performance and survival did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Hematologically, astaxanthin, particularly at 100-150 mg kg^-1, increased lymphocyte proportions while decreasing circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes (P < 0.05). Serum biochemistry indicated changes in metabolic status at 100-150 mg kg^-1, with reduced glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and elevated total protein, albumin, and globulin (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary astaxanthin, particularly at 100-150 mg kg^-1, supports semen quality and physiological status in pubertal male Nile tilapia without compromising growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low temperatures impact on the expression of growth genes and miRNAs in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","authors":"Eduardo N Dellagostin, Natiéli M Gonçalves, Eduardo B Blödorn, Amanda W S Martins, Guilherme N L Rattmann, Kaylane P Vasconcelos, Gilberto L Collares, Tony L R Silveira, Mariana H Remião, Vinicius F Campos","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01679-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01679-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important aquaculture species worldwide, but its sensitivity to low temperatures limits production, particularly in subtropical and temperate regions. Since somatic growth in fish is largely regulated by the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis, and microRNAs contribute to the post-transcriptional regulation of growth, metabolism, and stress responses, this study investigated the molecular effects of chronic cold exposure in Nile tilapia by analysing growth-related genes and five candidate microRNAs (miR-192, miR-206, miR-133, miR-125b, and miR-30b) in the brain, liver, and hindgut after 28 days at 15 °C. Cold exposure induced marked tissue-specific transcriptional changes. In the liver and hindgut, gh1, igf-1, and igf-2 were generally upregulated, whereas in the brain gh1 expression increased while ghra, igf-1, and igf-2 were reduced. MicroRNA expression also differed among tissues: in the brain, miR-192 and miR-206 were upregulated and miR-125b was downregulated; in the liver, miR-133 and miR-206 increased whereas miR-192 decreased; and in the hindgut, miR-192, miR-125b, and miR-206 were downregulated. The concurrent upregulation of miR-206 and igf-1 in the liver suggests a complex and tissue-dependent regulatory relationship under cold stress. Overall, these findings demonstrate that chronic low-temperature exposure modulates both the GH/IGF axis and miRNA expression in a tissue-specific manner, highlighting integrated transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in cold adaptation. This study provides new insight into the molecular basis of thermal resilience in Nile tilapia and supports the identification of candidate biomarkers for cold tolerance in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147644758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean acidification induces neuronal hyperexcitation and anxiety-like behaviour in marine medaka via ASIC activation.","authors":"Wenxiao Liu, Zhaofei Gong, Hao Niu, Jinghui Cui, Xiaojie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01667-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01667-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocean acidification presents a significant threat to marine life, yet its neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined how acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) mediate neuronal excitability and anxiety-like behaviour in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) under elevated CO₂ concentrations (1000 and 1900 ppm). Transcriptomics revealed early upregulation of asic1a (4 days), while RT-qPCR demonstrated increased asic1a, asic1b, asic2 and asic4a (7 days), with only asic1a sustained at 30 days. Immunofluorescence confirmed heightened Asic2 in emotion-processing brain regions following acidification. Transmission electron microscopy unveiled distinct ultrastructural alterations: widened synaptic clefts, thinned postsynaptic densities, and decreased mitochondrial aspect ratios. Mitochondrial membrane potential assays revealed a reduction in membrane potential in response to acidification. Electrophysiological recordings showed increased neuronal firing count in the dorsolateral telencephalon under acidification, behavioural assessments revealed significant anxiety-like phenotypes, effects that were fully rescued by ASIC inhibition. These results indicated that temporal specificity in ASIC subtype expression in acidification response. The interplay of synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal hyperexcitability, and behavioural alterations suggested acidification impaired both synaptic transmission efficiency and mitochondrial function, destabilizing neural circuits. This study systematically elucidates the neurotoxic effects of ocean acidification on marine fish, providing critical scientific evidence for predicting the ecological impacts of climate change on marine organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147644729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional intervention with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) enhances growth and metabolic balance in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed a high-fat diet.","authors":"Hesham Eed Desouky, Guang-Zhen Jiang, Kenneth Prudence Abasubong, Nouran Mahmoud Sayed, Michael Chukwuemeka Umehai, Jean-Jacques Y Adjoumani, Wen-Bin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01673-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01673-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the protective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) supplementation on metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fish were fed a control diet, an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/kg GA, respectively, for 8 weeks. Hepatic function, mitochondrial integrity, and metabolic gene expression were assessed. HFD significantly impaired protein efficiency ratio (PER) and relative feed intake (RFI) while promoting excessive lipid deposition and energy storage. These changes were accompanied by elevated plasma levels of liver enzymes (GOT, GPT), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1). Mitochondrial dysfunction was evident from reduced activities of succinate dehydrogenase, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, and complexes I and II, alongside increased cytosolic cytochrome c, indicating mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. HFD also suppressed expressions of mitochondrial genes (nd1, cytb) and disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism by altering key gene expression patterns. GA supplementation significantly reversed these pathological changes. It improved mitochondrial function, restored respiratory complex activities (particularly complex III), normalized gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose utilization (e.g., ampkα2, glut2), and lipid oxidation (e.g., cpt1, pparα), and reduced inflammation and hepatic damage. Overall, GA redirected energy utilization from lipid storage toward growth, suggesting its potential as a functional feed additive to mitigate high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in aquaculture species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the improvement of muscle quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) following 30-week nano-selenium supplementation.","authors":"Pinpin Zhang, Mingpeng Zheng, Minmin Xie, Yixuan Chen, Ying Zhang, Yi Liu, Chuang Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10695-026-01675-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-026-01675-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) holds significant economic and nutritional value in China. However, its intensive cultivation can decrease muscle antioxidant capacity and deteriorate textural properties. Nano-selenium (NSe) represents a novel and efficient source of selenium for regulating fish muscle quality. In this study, a 30-week feeding experiment was conducted to systematically evaluate the effects of long-term NSe supplementation on the muscle quality of grass carp and to reveal the underlying changes in gene expression and metabolites based on transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Transcriptome analysis revealed 681 differentially expressed genes (239 upregulated and 442 downregulated), with key genes such as the collagen gene col1a1a/1a2 and the cell cycle regulation gene cdc20 showing particularly significant expression changes. These genes were primarily enriched in signaling pathways such as extracellular matrix organization, cell cycle regulation, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, indicating that NSe may improve the textural properties and physiological basis of muscle by promoting muscle structural remodeling and energy metabolism reprogramming. Metabolomics revealed 290 differential metabolites (129 upregulated and 161 downregulated), primarily glycerophospholipids and amino acid derivatives. These were implicated in lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism, as well as antioxidant response. In conclusion, NSe may synergistically improve muscle tissue structure and functional characteristics through multiple pathways, such as regulating protein anabolism and optimizing the lipid metabolism network. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of NSe as a green and efficient feed additive in the healthy aquaculture of high-quality grass carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}