Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Development of colloidal gold test strip based on the BsVg819 gene fragment of vitellogenin of Bostrichthys sinensis for the detection of vitellogenin in multiple fish species.","authors":"Jiahang Mu, Tingting Zhou, Kun Meng, Yangyang Zhang, Junhua Fang, Kefu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01449-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01449-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an environmental estrogen biomarker, the yolk precursor, vitellogenin (Vtg) is widely used in the assessment of estrogen pollution in aquatic environment. Currently, the detection of Vtg in plasma is mainly achieved by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method based on Vtg antibodies. However, due to differences in the immunological epitopes of Vtg from various species, Vtg antibodies have low universality. Therefore, identifying a universal antigenic epitopes of Vtg from multiple fish species and designing a tools that can be applied in the field can promote the use of Vtg in monitoring estrogenic contamination in aquatic environments. Bioinformatics analysis of the Vtg of Bostrichthys sinensis revealed that the protein is highly conserved in structure. The results of PCR showed that the amino acid sequence encoded by the BsVg819 gene fragment from the Vtg gene of Bostrichthys sinensis could have more than 97% similarity with the amino acid sequences of the PCR products of ten fish species. Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip using recombinant proteins was expressed in BsVg819 gene fragments. The test strip was able to detect Vtg in the plasma of untreated female Bostrichthys sinensis and ten different female fish species. Vtg in the plasma of juvenile Bostrichthys sinensis treated with estrogen is elevated and can be detected by test strips. The results show that the test strips have good usability. Compared to ELISA, the strip is prospective for field applications. It provides a portable tool for future rapid detection of estrogenic contamination in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Dietary l‑carnitine supplementation recovers the hepatic damage induced by high‑fat diet in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) via activation of Nrf2/Keap pathway and inhibition of pro‑inflammatory cytokine.","authors":"Doaa H Assar, Abdallah S Salah, Aya G Rashwan, Ibrahim I Al-Hawary, Basma M Hendam, Ahmed Elsheshtawy, Amer Al Ali, Humood Al Shmrany, Zizy I Elbialy","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01477-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01477-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical properties of molybdenum cofactor isolated from fish liver.","authors":"Mereke Satkanov, Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova, Alikhan Bilyalov, Diana Tazhibay, Masalimov Zhaksylyk, Maral Kulatayeva, Zhaoqi Wang, Junfang Cui, Zerekbay Alikulov","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01473-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01473-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have demonstrated that the fish liver protein fraction extract obtained by gel filtration exhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent NO synthase from nitrates and nitrites. This activity was attributed to the molybdenum enzymes (Mo-enzymes) group which was already demonstrated in mammals. However, the evidence that NOS-independent NO synthase activity can be classified as a fish Mo-enzyme has been poorly demonstrated. In mammals, Mo-enzymes NOS-independent NO synthase activity occurs at the molybdenum center. We studied the ability of molybdenum cofactor (Mo-co) isolated from the protein fraction of fish liver extract to restore the NADPH-nitrate reductase (NADPH-NR) activity from Neurospora crassa nit-1. Our results demonstrated that Mo-co from the extract from fish liver was able to recover NADPH-NR activity in the extract of N. crassa nit-1, thereby possessing the ability to reduce nitrogen compounds. However, the oxidation of Mo-co from fish liver destabilizes molybdenum, leading to its inactivation. However, the results obtained under anaerobic conditions with dithionite indicate that Mo remains bound to Mo-co under highly reducing conditions. This may also indicate that the availability of Mo is not the sole factor affecting the activity of Mo-enzymes, also oxygen content after the synthesis of mature Mo-co may play a role in cofactor inactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia tolerance and physiological coping strategies in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii).","authors":"Feng Wang, Ting Xie, Jingming Wang, Shuaiyu Chen, Zhifei Liu, Yudong Jia","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01471-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01471-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dissolved oxygen (DO) is necessary for fish survival and growth. This study investigated the hypoxia tolerance, hematological indexes, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and liver and gill morphological alternation of fat greenling during hypoxia stress. Changes in hematological parameters (cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], and white blood cell [WBC], and red blood cell [RBC] numbers), hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], catalase [CAT]), aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and the histology of the liver and gill were evaluated under hypoxia stress and reoxygenation. Results showed that the DO at critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) and loss of equilibrium (LOE) were 3.10 ± 0.17 mg/L and 1.90 ± 0.11 mg/L, respectively. Hypoxia stress significantly stimulated the respiratory frequency rate, Hb and Hct levels, and RBC numbers; the highest values were observed at Pcrit and LOE, respectively. Serum glucose, cortisol and lactic acid contents, and hepatic MDA, AST, ALT, SOD, and CAT activity demonstrated similar results to Hb. However, hepatic GSH-Px activity obtained the highest value at Pcrit and drastically decreased the lowest value at LOE. Moreover, hypoxia stress induced hepatocyte necrosis, vacuolization, and increased hepatocyte apoptosis rate. Lamellar perimeters, length, surface area, and gill surface area manifested results similar to those for respiratory frequency rate, whereas lamellar width and interlamellar distance significantly decreased at Pcrit, LOE, and reoxygenation treatment for 4 h. The above parameters returned to nearly normal levels after reoxygenation treatment for 8 h. These results suggest that fat greenling is a hypoxia-tolerant marine fish that copes with potential hypoxia-induced damage by elevating hematological-related parameters, stimulating hepatic antioxidant capacity, and altering the gill and liver morphology to maintain homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of exogenous enzymes in Catla catla diets: effects on the physiology and antioxidant enzyme activity.","authors":"Saba Hanif, Danish Riaz, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Shafaqat Ali, Khalid A Al-Ghanim, Pallab K Sarker","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01476-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01476-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the impacts of adding exogenous enzymes on the growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass composition and antioxidant enzyme activities of Catla catla fingerlings fed test diets based on cottonseed meal. Six experimental diets were created, each containing 200 mgkg^-1 of enzyme supplements. The diets consisted of a control diet (CON) without enzyme supplements and five treatment diets: four single-enzyme supplements, namely phytase (PHY), xylanase (XYL), protease (PRO), and cellulase (CEL), and a fifth treatment diet containing a mixture (MIX) of all four enzyme supplements. Fingerlings (7.74 ± 0.30 g each) were introduced into V-shaped water tanks that were intended to hold waste. For seventy days, fish in three replicate tanks received feed at a rate of five percent of their live body weight. The results indicated that the MIX yielded the most favorable outcomes, followed by PHY, XYL, and CEL, while PRO and CON group showed negligible differences. Notably, the MIX supplementation resulted in maximum specific growth rate, weight gain percentage, and minimum feed conversion ratio, surpassing the CON group. Furthermore, the MIX at 200 mgkg^-1 demonstrated optimal digestibility and carcass composition in C. catla. Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, exhibited enhanced performance in response to exogenous MIX enzyme supplementation. Therefore, these findings suggest that an enzyme MIX group supplemented at 200 mgkg^-1, is optimal for promoting growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity in C. catla.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous enzyme pretreatment improves utilization of high-carbohydrate diets in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth, digestibility, fillet quality, and gene expression.","authors":"Aref Heshmati, Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari, Roghieh Safari, Ghasem Rashidian","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01478-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01478-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exogenous enzymes are used to enhance ingredient digestibility, overall fish growth, and feed utilization; however, different administration methods have not been extensively studied. In this study, a mixture of carbohydrases (α-amylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase) was applied before (at B3, B6, B12, and B24 hours), during (D), or after (A) the production of high-carbohydrate diets (33% carbohydrates) to assess their effects on the growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. The enzymes were added to the diets at the minimum required levels, determined by a reducing sugar test with dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) based on the available wheat flour and soybean meal in the diet. Seven isoenergetic (21 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (40%) diets were formulated and fed to fish (n = 210, 17.41 ± 1.76 g) for 8 weeks. Overall growth parameters improved in the B6 and B3 groups, which also showed the lowest FCR values (0.84 and 0.85, respectively) and significantly higher weight gain, PER, and SGR compared to the other treatments. The apparent digestibility of protein, lipid, ash, and dry matter was significantly enhanced in the B3 group. Additionally, DHA and omega-3 fatty acid content increased in B3 (p < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed in fillet contents of EPA and ARA (arachidonic acid) between treatments (p > 0.05). The pretreatment of ingredients (B3 and B6) likely induced a protein-sparing effect, as indicated by higher PER and increased amino acid retention in the fillets (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher metabolizable energy and glucose levels led to significant upregulation of the ghrelin hormone (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) genes in the B3 and B6 treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, pretreatment of ingredients (soybean meal and wheat flour) with optimized multienzyme doses improved digestibility and activated regulatory genes, resulting in enhanced growth, feed utilization, and fillet quality in high-carbohydrate diets for rainbow trout.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced swimming in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): effects on the stress response, immune, and antioxidant status.","authors":"Carlos Espírito-Santo, Francisco A Guardiola, Rodrigo O A Ozório, Leonardo J Magnoni","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01474-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01474-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suitable swimming conditions can improve the growth and welfare of farmed fish. This study investigated how swimming affects immune and oxidative responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), an important farmed fish species in Southern Europe. Thirty-two specimens were assigned into four experimental groups with the following conditions for 6 h: steady low (L, 0.8 body lengths (BL)⋅s^-1); steady high (H, 2.2 BL⋅s^-1); oscillating (O, 0.8-2.2 BL⋅s^-1) swimming speeds; and control non-induced to swim (C, < 0.1 BL⋅s^-1). The H group exhibited higher white blood cell counts and plasma cortisol levels compared to the C and L groups. However, innate immune parameters in plasma and skin mucus showed no differences between groups. Gene expression revealed an up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (tnfα and il1β) and igf1 in the gills of fish from H and L groups, respectively, whilst no variations were observed in the head-kidney. In the skin, tnfα was up-regulated in the L group. Moreover, the H group showed increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and higher lipid peroxidation levels in red muscle. The L group had a higher ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG) in red muscle, suggesting enhanced antioxidant status. Under all swimming conditions, the GSH: GSSG ratio was increased in the white muscle. Conversely, hepatic markers of oxidative stress were similar among groups. Results suggest that steady swimming at 0.8 BL⋅s^-1 enhanced the antioxidant status in red muscle which may be of relevance to improve the welfare of this cultured species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positional effects of passive integrated transponder tags on rejection, survival, and health biomarkers in pearlspot cichlid (Etroplus suratensis).","authors":"Panneerselvam Dheeran, Binu Varghese","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01472-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01472-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging is essential in fisheries research to monitor fish growth, health, and migration, and facilitate selective breeding and aquaculture advancement. The study was conducted for 30 days to assess the effect of the PIT tag (12 mm × 2.1 mm) on juvenile Etroplus suratensis. The tagging study consisted of five treatments, viz., dorsal horizontal (DH), dorsal vertical (DV), peritoneal cavity via injection (PCI), peritoneal cavity via incision and manual insertion (PCM), and untagged control (UT) in triplicate. Fifteen circular containers containing 60 L of UV-sterilized water were stocked with 15 juveniles each, with an average weight of 10.60 ± 0.06 g and a total length of 67.75 ± 1.07 mm. Fish were given commercial floating feed with 38% crude protein thrice daily (9 am, 1 pm, and 5 pm). In the present study, the DV-tagged juveniles had the highest survival (95.55 ± 2.22%) with a low tag rejection rate (4.44 ± 2.22%) and a higher weight gain (5.10 ± 0.76 g), followed by the DH-tagged, which showed survival of 91.11 ± 2.22% with a tag rejection of 31.11 ± 2.22% and a weight gain of 4.36 ± 0.23 g. The serum biochemical and haematological parameters were substantially higher in tagged fish than in untagged fish. Histological examination of tagged fish revealed observable changes in myocytes compared with untagged fish. Analysis of growth, survivability, tag rejection rate, and histological interpretations indicate that DV tagging is the best practice for E. suratensis juveniles. This study highlighted the importance of optimizing PIT tagging procedures for E. suratensis and demonstrated that the insertion position significantly influences tag retention, survival, and stress parameters. The results enhance the acceptability of PIT tagging in pearlspot for aquaculture and stock assessment studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fish meal substitution with trout viscera protein hydrolysate on the innate immune response of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp).","authors":"Wilmer Sanguino-Ortiz, Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz, María Ángeles Esteban Abad, Críspulo Perea Román, José Luis Hoyos-Concha","doi":"10.1007/s10695-024-01444-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-024-01444-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with concentrated trout viscera protein hydrolysate (TVPH) on the immune response in juvenile red tilapia (Oreocheromis spp). Five isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were prepared by substituting FM with TVPH at different substitution ratios: 0% (control, D1) 25% (D2), 50% (D3), 75% (D4), and 100% (D5). A total of 180 red tilapia were distributed in 15 tanks. Fish from three tanks were fed daily at 2% of the biomass for 25 days with one of the five diets mentioned above. At the end of the trial, the fish were counted, weighed, measured, and skin mucus and serum samples were obtained to study different parameters related to humoral immunity. The results indicate a 100% survival rate in all fish groups and did not show significant differences in terms of growth and feed efficiency. On the other hand, the fish fed diets D2 and D3 had significantly higher serum protein values. Also, fish fed the D2 or D5 diets had higher lysozyme activity and fish fed the D2 diet also had significantly higher total immunoglobulin levels than fish fed the control diet. In mucus, fish fed the D2 or D4 diets showed significantly higher mucus protein levels than control fish. However, anti-protease and bactericidal activity decreased in fish fed the D5 or D4 diets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the D2 and D3 diets positively modulate the immune response of juvenile red tilapia compared to that of fish fed the control diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The number of conspecific alarm substance donors notably influences the behavioural responses of zebrafish subjected to a traumatic stress procedure.","authors":"Cailin van Staden, Karin Finger-Baier, David Weinshenker, Tarryn L Botha, Linda Brand, De Wet Wolmarans","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01468-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01468-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zebrafish (Danio rerio) represents a complementary pre-clinical model in stress and anxiety research. Conspecific alarm substance (CAS), an alarm pheromone secreted by injured fish, acts as a warning signal and modulates fear responses. Given their schooling nature and that injury precedes CAS release, varying fresh CAS concentrations extracted from different numbers of CAS-donating zebrafish may uniquely influence trauma-related behaviours. Thus, we investigated the behaviour of juvenile and adult zebrafish exposed to traumatic stress protocols, in the presence of CAS extracted from varying numbers of donating zebrafish. Juveniles were assessed for anxiety and boldness in the light-dark and open field tests (LDT and OFT), while adults were assessed in the novel tank test (NTT) and novel OFT (nOFT). We found that (1) trauma minimally impacted juvenile behaviour regardless of donor-derived CAS concentrations, (2) trauma-exposed adults displayed reduced exploration and heightened risk-taking behaviours in the NTT and nOFT compared to control-exposed fish, (3) NTT and nOFT freezing behaviours were distinctly emulated in adult fish and (4) post-trauma behaviour in adults was influenced by the number of donors. Therefore, CAS concentration as determined by donor number has age-related effects on anxiety- and risk-taking behaviours in trauma-exposed zebrafish, a valuable finding for studies utilising fresh CAS as a stress trigger. While we did not directly investigate CAS concentration through serial dilution, our data are of significant translational and ethological relevance, highlighting the importance of in-house method standardization in stress-related studies utilizing fresh CAS as an alarm cue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}