Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Development of a remote monitoring system for stress response in fish from a physiological and behavioral perspective.","authors":"Yusuke Horiguchi, Haiyun Wu, Masataka Murata, Haruto Matsumoto, Hitoshi Ohnuki, Hideaki Endo","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01488-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01488-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our laboratory, we have been actively investigating the physiological responses of free-swimming Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute stress. One of the crucial indicators we monitored was the fluctuation in fish blood glucose levels. To achieve this, we have implemented a wireless biosensor system designed to measure glucose concentration within the fish eyeball interstitial sclera fluid. In this study, in addition to glucose concentration, we have incorporated a triaxial acceleration sensor onto the fish to track its movements and acceleration patterns. This multi-faceted approach enables us to simultaneously assess the stress response and physical activity of the fish under various stressors. Our study specifically focuses on stressors such as ammonia exposure and social interactions among individuals. Remarkably, our findings have revealed intriguing insights into the fish's stress response. While the biosensor consistently recorded an increase in glucose levels in response to all stressors, the triaxial acceleration sensor data exhibited distinct patterns of behavior during each stressor application. This variance in acceleration data suggests that the fish's response to different stressors is not uniform and can be differentiated through their movement patterns. This novel and integrated approach, merging biosensor technology with triaxial acceleration measurements, holds immense promise in shedding light on the nuanced intricacies of fish physiology and biochemistry. It opens new vistas for comprehending how these aquatic creatures cope with acute stressors and adapt to their ever-changing environments, ultimately contributing to the broader body of knowledge in the field of fish physiology and biochemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt tolerance performance and associated gene analysis of three tilapia species (strains).","authors":"Jie Yu, Dayu Li, Jinglin Zhu, Zhiying Zou, Wei Xiao, Binglin Chen, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01489-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01489-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptation of fish to salinity is related to a series of life activities such as fish survival, growth, and reproduction. Tilapia is considered to be an euryhaline fish. In the present study, we comparatively analyzed the salt tolerance of three tilapia species (strains) representative in Chinese aquaculture, using 60 days' growth experiments followed by examination of blood physiological and biochemical indicators, and expression of genes associated with salt tolerance and growth. In this study, the tilapia can grow well in saltwater with salinity up to 25‰ after specific acclimation. Among them, the weight gain rate of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT) in the saltwater group was the highest, reaching 189.7%, which was higher than that in freshwater group, and the same was true for Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus, OA), and only the weight gain rate of the Nile tilapia Egypt strain (Oreochromis niloticus, ON) freshwater group is higher than that in the saltwater group. However, the survival of all three tilapia species (strains) in saltwater decreased, with the OA being the highest and the GIFT being the lowest. The results of blood biochemical analysis showed that the nutrient consumption and organ damage of the three tilapia species (strains) were different when they were subjected to long-term salinity stress. The analysis of differences in physiological and biochemical parameters (GLU, ALT, SOD, TC, GH) among three tilapia species (strains) under saltwater and freshwater conditions suggests a preliminary conclusion regarding their salt tolerance hierarchy: OA > GIFT > ON. The results of related gene expression supported the above conclusions. Our study provides an improved understanding of salt tolerance in tilapia and breeding of salt-tolerant tilapia species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary grape seed extract mitigated growth retardation, hormonal delay, and gastrointestinal toxicity induced by insecticide imidacloprid in Nile tilapia.","authors":"Nadia A El-Fahla, Heba M A Abdelrazek, Alyaa S Fouad, Seham A Helmy, Mohamed T A Soliman, Lobna A Badawy, Nahla S El-Shenawy","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01475-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01475-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overusing the insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) in agriculture has led to its presence in water bodies, causing serious environmental issues and fish toxicity. This study explored the potential benefits of grape seed extract (GSE) in mitigating IMD-induced growth and hormonal and gastrointestinal toxicity in Nile tilapia. A total of 240 healthy juvenile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), weighing an average of 11.44 ± 2.01 g at 2 weeks of age, were divided equally into four groups, each with three replicates. The control group received no special treatment, while the second group was given a diet containing 2% GSE^®. The third group was exposed to 1.5 µg IMD per liter of water. The fourth group was subjected to the same IMD exposure and fed a diet containing 2% GSE^®. These treatments were administered continuously for 75 days. Growth indices, survival rate, biochemical parameters, and digestive enzymes were measured. In addition, the growth-related hormones, intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) were evaluated. Histological evaluations were conducted on the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and hepatopancreas, alongside body composition analysis. Exposure to IMD delayed growth, impaired serum biochemistry and digestive enzyme activity, altered body composition, obstructed hormonal responses, decreased CAT activity, and increased intestinal MDA. All tissues exhibited signs of degradation. Combining dietary GSE^® with IMD improved the former parameters affected by IMD. In conclusion, research suggests that incorporating GSE^® into the diet may help reduce the adverse effects of IMD exposure on Nile tilapia, presenting a promising opportunity to address the environmental impacts of insecticide contamination in aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening the effects of phytoestrogens on lipid metabolism in primary cultured adipocytes from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).","authors":"Sara Balbuena-Pecino, Natàlia Riera-Heredia, Albert Sánchez-Moya, Miquel Perelló-Amorós, Joaquim Gutiérrez, Encarnación Capilla, Isabel Navarro","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01483-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01483-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquafeed formulation has progressively reduced its dependence on fish-derived ingredients over the past decades. Plant-based substitutes have been a major focus, with soybean meal and its derivatives leading the way. However, many plants contain phytoestrogens, which may affect fish physiology. This study aimed to assess in vitro the effects of genistein (GE), daidzein (DZN), glycitein (GLY), and coumestrol (COU) on the lipid metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Primary cultured adipocytes were incubated with these phytoestrogens, along with 17β-estradiol, at two doses each (1, 10, or 100 μM). The 100 μM dose of GE and DZN decreased adipocyte viability, and mainly enhanced lipid accumulation in both species, suggesting a hypertrophic condition. However, the reduction in adipocyte number and lipid content with 100 μM DZN in rainbow trout indicated a limiting effect on adipose tissue growth in this species. Interestingly, COU significantly increased cell viability in gilthead sea bream, potentially leading to hyperplastic growth, a more favorable metabolic state. In that species, which proved to be more phytoestrogens-sensitive, lipoprotein lipase was generally downregulated upon treatments. Moreover, 10 µM GE significantly decreased the mRNA levels of fatty acid transport protein 1 and fatty acid synthase, and increased those of fatty acid binding protein 1, suggesting an acceleration of the differentiation process compared to the control cells. This work provides new insights into how dietary phytoestrogens modulate fish lipid metabolism and supports that their presence in plant protein feedstuffs can potentially affect fish health and production performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity of Mentha piperita phenolics on arsenic induced oxidative stress, biochemical alterations, and cyto-genotoxicity in fish, Channa punctatus.","authors":"Shraddha Dwivedi, Sunil P Trivedi, Kamlesh K Yadav, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01484-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01484-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to investigate the synergistic antioxidant effects of the phenolics present in Mentha piperita (MP) against arsenic trioxide-induced oxidative stress, biochemical alteration, and cyto-genotoxicity in the fish, Channa punctatus. The phenolic composition of MP estimated by HPLC-PDA analysis reveals the presence of phenolics, viz., ascorbic acid (Rt = 2.763 min.), rutin (Rt = 12.597 min.), caffeic acid (Rt = 18.304 min.), quercetin (Rt = 26.731 min.), luteolin (Rt = 42.709 min.), and hesperetin (Rt = 49.525 min.). The experimental setup consists of four groups (G1-G4) with a density of 12 fish in each. The fishes in G1 served as the control group, whereas the fishes in G2 were exposed to 81.73 mg/L of As₂O₃. Fish in group G3 were subjected to 8 mg/L MP, whereas those in group G4 were treated to 8 mg/L MP plus 81.73 mg/L As₂O₃. The result showed a significantly (p < 0.05) increased GOT and GPT level, increased oxidative stress markers, SOD and CAT, and induction in cyto-genotoxic markers, viz., disintegrated nucleus (DN), microcyte (MC), echinocyte (EC), and nucleoplasmic bridges (NpBs). A significant (p < 0.05) decreased GSH level in the arsenic-exposed group for all exposure periods was observed. However, in G4, all parameters reduced significantly (p < 0.05) more than in G2. The results suggest that the phenolics present in MP are synergistically able to reduce arsenic-induced oxidative damages by improving antioxidant defence, thus improving fish health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of thermal stress on the growth biometrics, stress indicators, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological alterations in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, juveniles.","authors":"Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab, Amira A Omar, Riad H Khalil, Talal A M Abo Selema, Salma I Elsamanooudy, Hend A M El-Saftawy, Eman A Sabry, Reham M Fawzy, Nashwa Abdel-Razek","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01470-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01470-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined how European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, juveniles are affected by heat stress in several ways, including growth biometrics, stress indicators, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological changes. Our research aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of thermal stress on these parameters. Hence, European seabass juveniles (30-32 g) were exposed to temperatures of 20 °C, 23 °C, 26 °C, 29 °C, and 31 °C using a 28-day bioassay. It was noted that the fish showed better performance indices at 23 °C and 26 °C. However, fish reared at 20 °C showed intermediate growth, while the fish reared at 31 °C displayed poor performance with low survival rates. As the water temperature increased from 20 to 31 °C, the levels of glucose, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in the fish blood also increased, suggesting that the fish were under stress. Furthermore, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as levels of malondialdehyde, increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the rise in the rearing temperature, particularly at 31 °C. This suggested that European seabass juveniles experienced oxidative stress. Additionally, the mRNA expression of SOD and CAT genes was upregulated at 31 °C compared to those reared at 23-26 °C. This high upregulation of both genes led to an increase in the secretion of SOD and CAT. Juveniles of European seabass raised in 31 °C for 28 days showed significant damage in the histological structure of their kidney, liver, and gills. In addition to fusion and blood congestion of secondary lamellae, the fish in this treatment (31 °C) displayed edema, epithelial lifting, and blood congestion of the gill epithelium. After 28 days, fish cultivated at 31 °C had sinusoid dilatation, hyperemia, and nuclear hypertrophy in their liver tissues. Furthermore, hyperemia, tubular necrosis, and severe glomerular congestion were observed in fish raised in water temperatures as high as 31 °C for 28 days. This study recommends farming European seabass at 23 °C and 26 °C, which were the optimum temperatures. By global warming due to climatic changes, water temperature may reach up to 31 °C or more, which will cause adverse effects on fish performance and increase the oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the dietary effects of curry and/or marigold leaf extracts on physiological and immunological responses of Labeo rohita and its resistance against Saprolegnia parasitica infection.","authors":"Chandan Debnath","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01479-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01479-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined how combining curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and marigold leaf (Tagetes erecta) extracts affects immune response and disease resistance in Labeo rohita (rohu) fish against Saprolegnia parasitica infection. We conducted a 74-day trial using 360 juvenile rohu divided into four treatment groups: control (T0), curry leaf extract (T1), marigold leaf extract (T2), and combined extracts (T3). The trial consisted of a 60-day feeding period followed by a 14-day pathogen challenge test. The combined extract treatment (T3) demonstrated superior results across all measured parameters. Fish in T3 showed significantly enhanced hematological values, with the highest hemoglobin content (9.4 ± 0.5 g/dL) and total leukocyte count (41.3 ± 2.5 × 103/μL) post-challenge. Immunological parameters were markedly elevated in T3, with serum immunoglobulin levels reaching 22.7 ± 1.3 mg/mL after pathogen exposure. Importantly, liver enzyme levels remained stable across all treatments, indicating the safety of the extracts. Disease resistance metrics in T3 were notably superior, with the highest survival rate (86.7%), minimal lesion severity (1.2 ± 0.2 on a 4-point scale), and lowest fungal load (1.8 × 103 ± 0.3 × 103 gene copies/mg tissue) following pathogen challenge. The enhanced performance of the combined treatment suggests a synergistic effect, potentially activating multiple immune pathways simultaneously. These findings demonstrate that the combination of curry and marigold leaf extracts offers a promising natural approach for enhancing disease resistance in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative potential of Populus alba leaf powder against hexaflumuron exposure in Nile tilapia: immune-antioxidant, biochemical, histological, and transcriptomic analysis.","authors":"Rowida E Ibrahim, Mohamed F M Farag, Mohammed S Sobh, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Shefaa M Bazeed, Aya Elgamal, Tarek Khamis, Simon J Davies, Afaf N Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01465-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01465-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contamination of the aquatic bodies with pesticides is a serious issue that hinders the aquaculture industry worldwide. Preventing aquatic pollution is a challenge, and finding eco-friendly strategies could help to overcome such a problem. Herein, we studied the antagonistic potential of dietary fortification of white poplar (Populus alba; PA) leaf powder against chronic hexaflumuron (HX) toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (n = 200; 36.20 ± 1.55 g) were eventually grouped into four groups with five replicates and kept for 60 days. The C (control) and PA groups were fed basal diets fortified with 0 and 6 g PA/kg diet, respectively, without toxicant exposure. Additionally, the HX and PA + HX groups were exposed to 1/10 of 96-h lethal concentration 50 (96-h LC₅₀) of HX (0.72 mg/L) and given the same diets as those of the C and PA groups, respectively. The biochemical, immune-antioxidant, survival, splenic gene expression, and tissue microstructure were assessed at the end of the exposure time. The outcomes of this research showed that exposure to HX resulted in biochemical disorders (elevated blood glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine) in Nile tilapia. Immune suppression (lowered complement 3 and immunoglobulin M) and oxidative stress (lowered superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and higher malondialdehyde) were consequences of HX toxicity. The splenic expression of nuclear factor-kappa β65, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, and heme oxygenase-1 was down-regulated by HX exposure. Various pathological changes were noted as consequences of HX exposure in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues. By feeding on the PA diet, the fish survivability was increased (90%) compared to the non-fed group (76%). Additionally, the biochemical disorders were modulated, and immune responses were enhanced due to PA feeding. Amelioration of the oxidative stress condition (by improving the antioxidant enzyme activity and lowering malondialdehyde) and the immune gene expression were noticed when the HX-exposed Nile tilapia were fed on the PA diet. A noticeable soothing effect was noticed by feeding on the PA diet against the pathological changes in the Nile tilapia tissues. Overall, feeding on a 6 g PA/kg diet ameliorates the detrimental consequences of HX toxicity in Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonate alkalinity induces stress responses and renal and metabolic disorders in Nile tilapia: mitigation by camel whey protein hydrolysate diet.","authors":"Rowida E Ibrahim, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed, Tarek Khamis, Ali Osman, Mohamed M M Metwally, Simon J Davies, Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim","doi":"10.1007/s10695-024-01442-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-024-01442-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alkaline stress is a major concern in aquaculture that badly affects the aquatic species' health and hemostasis. This research investigated the effect of carbonate alkalinity exposure on the gills and kidney organs as important organs for hemostasis, as well as the ameliorative role of camel protein hydrolysates (CPH) as dietary additives against alkaline stress detrimental impacts in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish (n = 160) were divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4), with the control (G1) fed a basal diet, while G2 was fed a basal diet supplemented with 75 g CPH/kg and was reared in freshwater (carbonate alkalinity of 1.4 µmol/L, pH = 7.19). The G3 and G4 were reared in alkaline water (carbonate alkalinity of 23.8 µmol/L, pH = 8.65) and fed the same diets as G1 and G2 for 30 days, respectively. The fish were stocked under a water temperature of 26.4 ± 1.5 °C, and the diets were introduced to the fish three times daily at a rate of 4% of their body weight. The results of this research showed that alkaline exposure increased kidney function parameters (creatinine, urea, and uric acid), glucose, and cortisol levels in the exposed fish. Alkaline exposure reduced the blood electrolytes level (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride) and branchial antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione) and elevated malondialdehyde level in the exposed fish. Significant downregulation of the branchial expression of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase α-3 subunit (0.17-fold), calcium/calmodulin-dependant protein kinase 1 β (0.23 fold), chloride channel protein 2 (0.38-fold), solute carrier family 12 a 2 (0.33-fold), and solute carrier family 4 a 4 (0.21-fold) was in the fish-reared under carbonate alkalinity stress. Alkaline exposure induced severe histopathological changes in the gills and kidney tissue architecture including inflammatory, circulatory, degenerative, and progressive responses. Supplementation of the Nile tilapia diet with 75 g CPH/kg ameliorated renal function and balanced the blood electrolytes, glucose, and cortisol levels in the alkaline-exposed fish. Modulation of the branchial gene expression profile and improving the gills and kidney microstructure were consequences of feeding on CPH diets during alkaline stress situations. Overall, fortifying the Nile tilapia diets with 75 g CPH/kg helps the fish restore their hemostasis and metabolic status during alkaline stress exposure which enables the sustainable culture of this species in such conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pyrimidine on cellular and neuronal arrangement, oxidative stress and energy content in the brain of the freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.","authors":"Bulbul Ali, Neelam Sharma, Rohit Kumar Gautam, Abha Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01481-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01481-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish are facing compromised health with mass mortality due to the decreased water quality of aquatic bodies. The brain, a complex body organ that controls whole body physiology, is influenced first by any kind of water fluctuations, and by keeping it relaxed and nourished, fish health can be improved. Among freshwater fish, catfish Heteropneustes fossilis has importance not only as a rich nutrient source but also due to medicinal significance. This study evaluated the impact of pyrimidine, a well-known organic compound with several therapeutic properties, on the cerebral health of the freshwater catfish H. fossilis as a bioremediation of aquatic environmental threats. In experiments, to get an effective concentration of pyrimidine, fish were incubated with different doses of pyrimidine (10 fg/mL-1 mg/mL) for 24 h, and brain histotexture and fish survival were recorded. As per the results of the previous experiment, an effective concentration of pyrimidine (10 pg/mL) was given for different durations (1-, 5- and 21-day incubation with pyrimidine and recovery; after 21-day treatment in only water for 7 days) along with the control group. Results exhibited that the level of cerebral antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation were significantly lower, and macromolecules (carbohydrate, protein and lipid) were increased in pyrimidine-treated fish with duration of pyrimidine treatment as compared to the control group. Histo-neurological analysis of the brain with haematoxylin-eosin and cresyl violet revealed that an effective, nonlethal concentration of pyrimidine supported overall neuronal health without any histopathological changes. However, in the recovery experimental group, results showed reverting of pyrimidine induced positive changes in antioxidative enzyme and energy biomolecule levels, supporting the non-bio-accumulative nature of pyrimidine. However, microphotographs revealed that the neuronal quantity (cresyl violet) and cellular histotexture (haematoxylin-eosin) improvement due to pyrimidine were sustained in the recovery group. The results of this study suggested that effective concentration of pyrimidine improved the brain health of H. fossilis in a duration-dependent manner compared to control fish due to increased metabolism by upregulating energy macromolecule and cellular-neuronal texture along with downregulation of antioxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 2","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}