Fish Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) WDFY1 activates IFN1 response via TLR3-TRIF-IRF3 axis.","authors":"Dongming Li, Jingli Lai, Hailing Du, Bao Liu, Chengyu Hu, Meifeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01538-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01538-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a significant member of the TLR family which plays a vital role in pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognition and activation of innate immunity. In the past few years, TLR3 has been identified in a variety of fish, but its upstream adaptor is rarely reported. In this study, an adaptor protein, called WDFY1 (WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 1), was cloned and identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (CiWDFY1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that fish WDFY1s are highly conserved and share a high level of sequence similarity to their mammalian counterparts. Particularly, CiWDFY1 is clustered in the same clade with that of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). CiWDFY1 is ubiquitously expressed in all detected tissues (eyes, intestines, gills, skin, liver, spleen, and kidney), but its expression is upregulated upon stimulation with poly(I:C). In CIK cells, over-expression of CiWDFY1 increases, while CiWDFY1 knockdown decreases the expression of IFN1. Subcellular localization assay revealed that CiWDFY1 is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and yet it is congregated near the cytoplasmic membrane after poly(I:C) treatment. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays demonstrated that CiWDFY1 interacts with TLR3, and then TLR3 recruits TRIF and CiWDFY1 to form an activated complex, resulting in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3. However, CiWDFY1 knockdown hinders the physical interaction between TLR3 and TRIF, as well as the expression of IFN1. Taken together, CiWDFY1 serves as a scaffold protein to induce the expression of IFN1 in a TLR3-TRIF-IRF3-dependent pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pigmentation and colour changing mechanism in fishes.","authors":"Mintumoni Pegu, Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01549-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01549-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin pigmentation of fish is one of the key factors influencing the market value of the ornamental fish industry. The process of fish pigmentation is regulated by genetic, morphological, physiological, and environmental factors. Several biochemical pathways and a cascade of enzymatic reactions are responsible for the production and dispersion of pigments within chromatophores. Melanin, pteridine, carotenoids, and purine-based pigments are the principal pigment classes responsible for fish colouration. Several genes such as mc1r, sox10, and pax3 have been identified as crucial regulators of pigment biosynthesis, migration, and dispersion within the fish chromatophores. The colour expression in fishes is modulated by various environmental factors, including temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod, which are mediated through hormonal pathways involving alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), melatonin, and their receptors. Additionally, nutritional contents acquired from food, such as carotenoids, also play a key role in the supply of precursors for pigment synthesis in fishes. The present review, therefore, focuses on pigment biosynthesis, different mechanisms of colour change, and factors affecting colouration in fishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and function of the nuchal hump of male Xiphophorus multilineatus.","authors":"Keith Tompkins, Will Boswell, Kang Du, Zhao Lai, Yuan Lu, Molly R Morris","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01539-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01539-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuchal humps are morphological traits that occur among vertebrate species and have multiple functions. The emergence of nuchal humps in Xiphophorus multilineatus males maintained in the laboratory, a species that does not develop humps in the wild, provided a unique opportunity to explore the development and function of this trait. The current study investigated the tissue composition of the hump and analyzed the influence of rearing temperature and diet restriction on hump development. Through histological examination and gene expression profiling, our findings show that the hump is composed primarily of adipose tissue, which suggests a role in energy storage via fat deposition. Nuchal humps grew to a larger size in the cold environment (20 °C) than in the warm (25 °C), and the differential gene expression pattern between temperature treatments suggests increased fat deposition in the cold versus the warm environment. For example, the G0S2 gene, which inhibits lipid catabolism, is upregulated in the cold environment, and the WARS-1 gene, which leads to increased fat stores when under-expressed, is upregulated in the warm environment. The hypothesis that temperature influences hump development by stimulating shifts in fat metabolism is further supported by the finding that males from the warm environment used fat stores in the nuchal hump at a faster rate when placed on a restricted diet than males from the cold. The influence of temperature, diet, and potentially activity levels on fat deposition suggests X. multilineatus as an evolutionary animal model for gaining insights into the mechanisms involved in human obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymol and menthol as anaesthetics for short transportation of zebrafish larva.","authors":"Raquel S F Vieira, Carlos A S Venâncio, Luís M Félix","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01530-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01530-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transportation-induced stress is a major concern in aquaculture, often causing physiological and behavioural disruptions in fish. To alleviate these effects, anaesthesia is commonly used, but the most widely used anaesthetics, MS-222 and eugenol, have been linked to adverse effects, and alternatives are lacking. This study evaluated the anaesthetic efficacy of thymol and menthol, in comparison with MS-222 and eugenol, under stress conditions induced by a simulated 4-h transportation of 96 hpf zebrafish larvae. Based on LC₅₀ values, the transport simulation was conducted with 200 mg L^-1 MS-222, 80 mg L^-1 eugenol, 15 mg L^-1 thymol, and 50 mg L^-1 menthol. Parameters assessed included heart rate, biochemical markers, stress responses, metabolic rate, protein expression related to oxidative stress and cell death, and potential inflammation. No changes in cortisol levels were observed possibly reflecting negative feedback of the HPI axis. However, signs of stress were evident through increased metabolic rate and reduced ATPase activity. The use of anaesthetics reduced glucose spikes and lowered heart rate and ATPase activity suggesting a shift towards a hypometabolic state. In terms of oxidative stress, GST activity returned to baseline, but GSH levels were further reduced by anaesthetics. Anaesthetics increased SOD levels and decreased CAT activity, with menthol causing a significant rise in Nrf2. Despite changes in oxidative stress markers, no alterations in cellular damage or inflammation markers were found. While further studies are needed, thymol and menthol did not significantly disrupt physiological balance, supporting their potential use in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of key amino acid residues of prolactin closely associated with freshwater adaptation in fish.","authors":"Jun-Hwan Byun, Yeo-Reum Kim, Yu-Jeong Jeon, Chung-Young Ha, Gyeong-Eon Noh, Han-Kyu Lim, Jong-Myoung Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01547-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01547-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish living in different saline environments constitute optimal models for studying the osmoregulatory role of prolactin. Analysis of grouper fish prolactins, including those from giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus and red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara and their hybrid, which are genetically close but exhibit different salinity adaptability, indicated only two amino acid residue differences in prolactin (lysine, K₄₀, and glutamate, E₉₁). An integrated approach, including a comparative analysis of prolactin sequences in fish and habitat salinity, behavior-based monitoring of low-salinity adaptability, and molecular modeling, was employed to explore the functional implications of prolactin sequences. Bioinformatics analysis of the fish prolactin sequence database and habitat information revealed a distinct preference for the K/E pair in prolactins of fish inhabiting or migrating to freshwater environments. This preference contrasts with the wide spectrum of amino acid changes and the rather conserved shift to D at positions corresponding to K and E, respectively, in marine fish prolactin. The results supporting a hypothesis concerning the importance of the K residue in freshwater adaptability were further reinforced by analyses of additional prolactin molecules from marine and freshwater origins and their low-salinity adaptabilities, which revealed prolactin sequences containing K/D > M/D > T/D. Structural modeling of grouper prolactins revealed that the K residue was close to the receptor interface, indicating a possible interaction with the prolactin receptor. These results provide new insights into the role of key amino acid residues in prolactin that are important for osmoregulatory function in fish and their potential applications as indicators of freshwater adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic pretreatment reduced the florfenicol concentration and shortened the withdrawal time in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) presumably by decreasing drug absorption.","authors":"Ming-Kun Hsieh, Albert Chun-Chun Chuang, Po-Wen Chen, Yi-Ping Lu, Tirawat Rairat, Srirengaraj Vijayaram, Prapansak Srisapoome, Chi-Chung Chou","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01544-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01544-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the effect of probiotic pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of florfenicol (FF) in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared at 25℃. Healthy fish were fed with a mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus suspension for 10 days followed by oral gavage of 10 mg/kg/day FF for 5 days. The serum and muscle/skin FF concentrations were analyzed by HPLC-FLD on days 1, 3, and 5 after the last dose. In comparison to the control group, serum FF concentration in the probiotic group was 2.45 folds lower at day 1 of drug withdrawal (steady state). Similarly, florfenicol amine concentration was also significantly lower in the serum and muscle/skin at day 1. The lowered tissue concentration resulted in a shortened withdrawal time (6 to 4 days). To delineate the involvement of probiotic action at the gut level, the intravenous PK of FF was performed and indicated that serum FF concentration was consistently higher in the probiotic group, while the elimination half-life was significantly lower. Thus, it was assumed that a probiotic-drug interaction that leads to reduced intestinal absorption might be responsible for the decreased FF concentration following probiotic supplementation and may necessitate a higher antibiotic dose for effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptosis in spotted sea bass brain and astroglia-like cell line implies a possible pathogenesis of Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus infection.","authors":"Jingjing Xu, Yanping Ma, Le Hao, Zhenxing Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01543-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01543-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain undergoing apoptosis often results in serious dysfunction, especially when subjected to viral infection. Our previous findings revealed that Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus (LMIV), genetically closely related to Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV), was able to invade the brain tissue of L. maculatus. The analysis of consequent brain injury may bring us explanations for the pathogenesis of LMIV infection. In the present study, viral loads in different brain segments (telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, optic nerve) of L. maculatus were measured by qPCR. Then, injury and apoptosis in abovementioned brain divisions were compared by HE staining and TUNEL staining in histological slides, respectively. In vitro assays were further performed using an astroglia-like cell line, LMB-L, developed from brain of L. maculatus. In addition, LMIV-induced apoptotic LMB-L cells were examined utilizing classic methods such as Annexin V/PI staining, JC-1 staining, detection of caspase activity as well as qRT-PCR. We found that LMIV exhibited tropism for different brain regions, of which cerebellum and optic nerve containing the highest viral loads, varying from 188-fold to 115-fold compared with medulla oblongata. Correspondingly, LMIV infection led to serious apoptosis in cerebellum, optic nerve, and optic tectum showing plenty of TUNEL-positive cells. This phenomenon seemed to be congruent with obvious morphological changes in cerebellum and optic nerve with decrease of cells and loose tissue. The apoptosis rates of virus-infected LMB-L cells dramatically increased from 13.43 to 42.32%. Apoptosis in LMB-L cells coincided with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, significant activation of caspase 9, upregulation of the p53 (22.3-fold), Bax (62-fold), and downregulation of Mcl-1, which suggested that the apoptosis was probably mediated by mitochondrial signaling pathway. Moreover, it was also observed that transcription of Fas gene and activity of caspase 8 were evoked by virus infection in LMB-L cells. Thus, death receptor pathway may also be involved in the LMIV-induced apoptosis. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding about the pathogenesis of LMIV infection and apoptosis mechanisms mediated by virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rearing temperature on growth, energy reserves, and thermal plasticity of juvenile lake sturgeon.","authors":"Janet Genz, Caryn West","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01540-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01540-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hatchery-raised lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) are essential to the restoration of this species, but deviation from optimal juvenile growth conditions may limit post-stocking survival. This study investigated the effects of temperature for lake sturgeon raised at 15 °C, 18 °C, and 21 °C. Survival, growth, and synthesis and storage of metabolic energy reserves were measured weekly for 6 weeks following the onset of exogenous feeding. No significant differences in survival, total length, body mass, or SGR were observed based on rearing temperature. Whole-body lipid concentrations were stable over 6 weeks of growth, while mass-specific protein concentrations were significantly increased in all treatments starting at week 3, suggesting the prioritization of lean muscle production in early life at all tested temperatures. Furthermore, total protein accounted for a greater proportion of body mass in fish exposed to lower temperatures. Finally, persistent effects of rearing temperature were examined in stocking-size juveniles by measuring standard metabolic rate following acute transfer from 20 °C to each of the initial rearing temperatures. Metabolic rate increased with temperature, with no differences between rearing groups at each of the measured temperatures. However, fish reared at 18 °C demonstrated improved plasticity within the measured temperature range compared to lake sturgeon that experienced low (15 °C) or high (21 °C) temperatures in their early life. These results indicate that temperature plays a role in balancing the trade-off between rapid growth and nutritional condition of juvenile lake sturgeon, and thermal plasticity later in life, which may influence recruitment to depleted populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutagenic and cellular integrity disruptions in freshwater food fish exposed to mercuric chloride contamination.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Shefalee Singh, Anamika Jain, Vidyanand Tiwari, Yashika Awasthi, Kamlesh K Yadav, Shraddha Dwivedi, Sunil P Trivedi","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01536-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01536-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) contamination in aquatic environments poses significant threats to aquatic life, disrupting cellular functions and overall organism health. The impact of sublethal concentrations of HgCl₂ on the freshwater food fish Channa punctatus was examined in this 60-day study, with an emphasis on cellular and molecular reactions, specifically DNA damage and the related signaling pathways. A total of 135 fish were distributed among 3 groups and exposed to sublethal concentrations of HgCl₂ at 0.0 (group I), 0.039 (group II), and 0.078 mg L^-1 (group III). Elevated DNA damage was observed in fish exposed to HgCl₂, as quantified by the comet assay, with the highest DNA tail length in the group exposed to the highest HgCl₂ concentration. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in apoptotic cells (AC), in a dose-dependent manner was also noted. Upregulation of mRNA transcripts for Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), tumor protein (P53), and (P21) indicated enhanced apoptotic and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. The study also highlighted elevated activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, particularly p38 MAPK, in the liver and kidney tissues, implicating their role in mediating stress responses and inflammation. Histological analysis and SEM analysis corroborated these molecular findings, revealing significant tissue damage, including hepatic inflammation and renal tubular disorientation. Regression analysis showed strong correlations between various molecular markers in liver tissues, while kidney tissues exhibited variable responses, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms. These results underscore the comprehensive impact of HgCl₂ on cellular integrity and stress response pathways, providing novel insights into the tissue-specific effects of heavy metal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential antioxidant effect of creatine on the functionality of intratesticular spermatozoa of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).","authors":"Paola Niedmann, Osvaldo Merino, Sebastián Ávila, Wellison Amorim Pereira, Jorge G Farías, Ricardo Pinheiro S Oliveira, Alejandro Villasante, Iván Valdebenito Isler, Elías Figueroa Villalobos","doi":"10.1007/s10695-025-01535-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-025-01535-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality control of intratesticular sperm samples obtained through testicular maceration faces significant challenges in salmon aquaculture. Mechanical damage during maceration and tissue contamination induces oxidative stress owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the ability of antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress, this study evaluated the antioxidant effect of creatine on intratesticular sperm functionality and quality in fifteen males of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Two experiments were conducted under short-term storage (4 °C). In experiment 1, four creatine concentrations were tested: group 1 (0 mM, control), group 2 (2.5 mM), group 3 (5.0 mM), and group 4 (7.5 mM), with measurements at 0 h and 24 h. Experiment 2 involved lower concentrations: group 1 (0 mM), group 2 (0.1 mM), group 3 (0.2 mM), and group 4 (0.4 mM), assessed after 1-h incubation. Both experiments evaluated sperm kinetics (motility, curvilinear velocity [VCL], straight-line velocity [VSL], average path velocity [VAP]) using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) and sperm functionality (membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, anion superoxide levels, and DNA fragmentation) via flow cytometry. In experiment 1, group 2 showed higher motility, and group 4 displayed reduced mitochondrial ROS at 0 h. In experiment 2, group 4 had significantly lower cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS levels, indicating enhanced antioxidant protection. Overall, creatine monohydrate demonstrated antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress, lowering ROS levels and DNA fragmentation in group 4 (0.4 mM). These findings highlight creatine's potential to enhance sperm quality in aquaculture, particularly for short-term storage of intratesticular sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12274,"journal":{"name":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"51 4","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}