Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Autochthonous transmission patterns of dengue virus serotype 2 in Italy: evidence from outbreaks in 2024.","authors":"Carla Molina Grané, Martina Del Manso, Mattia Manica, Chiara Sacco, Francesco Menegale, Antonino Bella, Flavia Riccardo, Augusto Liverani, Alessia Pesaresi, Giovanna Mattei, Giulio Matteo, Adriano Murgano, Dalia Palmieri, Barbara Rita Porchia, Chiara Staderini, Patrizio Pezzotti, Stefano Merler, Piero Poletti","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.27.2600035","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.27.2600035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDIn 2024, multiple transmission foci of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) were detected across four Italian regions, resulting in the largest number of autochthonous cases ever recorded in mainland Europe.AIMWe aimed to characterise DENV-2 transmission patterns in Italy in 2024.METHODSWe analysed 296 locally acquired cases with symptom onset between 31 July and 31 October. Using detailed spatiotemporal data, we reconstructed transmission chains between cases with well-documented exposure sites, applying a Bayesian framework. We estimated the generation time and net reproduction number (R_t) for the main transmission foci, quantified the proportion of transmission occurred across varying distances and assessed the influence of different factors, including temperature and control interventions, on secondary transmission.RESULTSThree major foci were identified, with peak R_t estimates ranging from 1.35 to 3.33. The mean generation time was 18.0 days (95% credible interval (CrI): 15.5-20.0 days). Household transmission accounted for 15.4% (95% CrI: 12.6-17.4%) of infection events. Among cases with an identified source of infection, < 1% of transmissions occurred beyond 400 m. Transmissibility declined significantly after outbreak detection, with the average number of secondary cases per infection dropping from 1.4 to 0.4. Vector control interventions were associated with a 41.0% reduction (95% CI: 6.6-63.3%) in transmission; transmission also increased by 19.8% (95% CI: 11.3-29.0%) for each 1°C rise in temperature.CONCLUSIONAutochthonous dengue outbreaks in Italy in 2024 were primarily driven by short-distance transmission. Our findings support that early case detection and rapid vector control are instrumental in reducing transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapidly developing outbreak of clade Ib mpox among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men associated with severe proctitis, Northern Ireland, June 2026.","authors":"Abbie Harrison, Catherine Burns, Corey Magee, Monica Sloan, Joy Murphy, Laura McCartney, Maeve Middleton, Emma McCarty, Eoin Walker, John White, Melissa Perry, Nuala Cavanagh, Bill Gibson, Stephen Megarity, Kathy Li, Susan Feeney, Declan Bradley, Peter Naughton, Rachel Coyle","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.30.2600604","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.30.2600604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a rapidly expanding clade Ib mpox outbreak among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Northern Ireland. Following 12 months with no detected mpox cases, 22 confirmed cases were notified between 6 and 30 June 2026. Cases had a median age of 41 years; 19 had not travelled outside the United Kingdom or Ireland in the 21 days before symptom onset. The outbreak is characterised by severe anorectal disease and presentation to non-sexual health settings, including secondary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on human diagnostic and national reference laboratory preparedness for zoonotic influenza in Europe.","authors":"Zandra C Felix Garza, Lance D Presser, Dirk Eggink, Angeliki Melidou, Eeva K Broberg, Adam Meijer","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.27.2500918","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.27.2500918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonotic influenza A viruses (zIAV) originating from avian and swine reservoirs present a serious concern for public health. Since the emergence of zIAV A(H5N1) in 1996, the virus has spread globally, impacting wild birds, poultry, wild and domestic mammals, including cattle and pigs, and sporadically infecting humans. Challenges persist in detecting and characterising zIAV, particularly at the human-animal interface. Recent external quality assessments conducted in the Netherlands and at European level have evaluated the capacity of human clinical diagnostic and national reference laboratories to detect, subtype and characterise potential zIAV. Based on these results, we reflect on the status and challenges of methods used for identifying cases of zIAV infection in Europe. While all laboratories are largely successful in generic detection of influenza A virus, subtyping is not widely used in clinical diagnostic laboratories. For national reference laboratories, subtyping specifically of swine-origin viruses remains challenging, often requiring sequencing for accurate identification. Although sequencing offers greater potential for characterising zIAV, training in the appropriate use of bioinformatics tools is needed. Raising awareness among healthcare professionals to document animal exposure in patient disease histories is also critical, as early suspicion of zoonotic infections is needed to direct laboratory testing, including subtyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of West Nile virus among blood donors in mainland France, 2021 to 2022.","authors":"Pauline Jourdan, Karine Barthélémy, Nadège Brisbarre, Christine Isnard, Pierre Gallian, Stéphane Priet, Xavier de Lamballerie","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.26.2500808","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.26.2500808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDWest Nile virus (WNV) is an orthoflavivirus maintained in an enzootic cycle between birds and ornithophilic <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes. Human infections are usually asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, while severe neurological disease occurs mainly in children, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Despite evidence of WNV circulation in France since the 1960s, nationwide seroprevalence data are unavailable.AIMWe wanted to determine the seroprevalence of WNV among blood donors in mainland France to characterise the epidemiology of WNV and assess risk factors and potential implications for transfusion safety and public health.METHODSSera from 44,490 volunteer blood donors collected in 2021-2022 in France were screened for anti-WNV IgG by ELISA on pools of up to four samples, with samples from non-negative pools tested individually. ELISAs for various flaviviruses and virus neutralisation tests were used to assess non-negative results.RESULTSSeroprevalence was low overall, similar in pools and individual samples (0.87% and 0.97%, respectively). Prevalence was 1.13% in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and 1.81% in Ile-de-France, preceding the first local human cases reported in 2023 and 2025 in these regions, respectively. The risk factors identified as being associated with WNV seropositivity were geographic (living in the south of France: Occitanie, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Corsica) and related to ABO blood group.CONCLUSIONSeroprevalence of West Nile virus in France is low but variable, suggesting that WNV may have circulated undetected in some areas. Monitoring flavivirus prevalence in blood donors can serve as an early warning system for human infections and provide valuable data for public health preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia: a descriptive analysis of national surveillance data, Poland, 2013 to 2024.","authors":"Damian Kadylak, Maciej Pastuszczak, Justyna Czarny-Kamm, Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.28.2500916","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.28.2500916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDWhile bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased across Europe over the past decade, Poland continuously reported the lowest notification rates in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), raising concerns about under-ascertainment and diagnostic gaps.AIMWe describe national STI trends in Poland from 2013 to 2024, temporal changes around 2020 and subsequent years, and demographic and geographic patterns relevant for STI control.METHODSWe analysed aggregated statutory surveillance data for syphilis, gonorrhoea and C<i>hlamydia trachomatis</i> infections, and calculated annual incidence rates overall and by sex, age group and voivodeship. Temporal trends were assessed using year-over-year per cent change and average annual per cent change (AAPC) estimated from log-linear models.RESULTSAll three infections increased modestly before 2020, declined in 2020 and increased markedly thereafter. Between 2013 and 2024, incidence increased 2.7-3.8-fold. It was highest among men, young adults aged 20-34 years and in urbanised regions. By 2023, syphilis incidence reached 7.92 per 100,000 population in Poland compared with 9.9 per 100,000 in the EU/EEA, whereas gonorrhoea and chlamydia incidence remained substantially lower. National AAPC estimates were not statistically significant, although they increased in several demographic groups and voivodeships.CONCLUSIONReported bacterial STI notifications in Poland are increasing, particularly among young adults and in urban regions. Persistently low gonorrhoea and chlamydia notification rates relative to EU/EEA levels probably reflect differences in diagnostic access and testing intensity rather than low transmission. Improving surveillance completeness, access to NAAT diagnostics, and testing coverage will be important to enhance detection and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job vacancy at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.29.202607235","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.29.202607235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing multi-country outbreak of carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> ST1344 carrying <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 in the European Union/European Economic Area, March 2025 to April 2026.","authors":"Louise Roer, Mirco Sandfort, Sebastian Haller, Sarah A Roth, Lisa-Marie Höfken, Soheila Javadi, Núria Balanza, Amelie Friedsam, Silver A Wolf, Claus Østergaard, Monica T Y Wong, Joanna Lis-Tønder, Annelot F Schoffelen, Martin Cormican, Lone Jannok Porsbo, Christina Clarke, Henrik Hasman, Heidrun Kerschner, Anette M Hammerum, Rainer Hart, Ørjan Samuelsen, Miriam Sare, Marie Meo, Anne-Sophie Lagneaux, Monique Perrin, Vilhelm Müller, Sandra Witteveen, Sabine C de Greeff, Daan W Notermans, Olov Svartström, Erik Alm, Marius Linkevicius, Anke Kohlenberg, Antoni P A Hendrickx","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.25.2600460","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.25.2600460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In seven EU/EEA countries, the emergence of NDM-5-producing <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> ST1344 among patients has been detected. In minimum spanning tree analysis of core genome-multilocus sequence-typing (cgMLST) profiles, isolates cluster with ≤ 4 allelic differences. The outbreak includes 57 cases (29 female/28 male; median age: 73 years), which occurred between March 2025 and April 2026. Many were hospitalised (n = 45), some with extensive prior medical treatment, and only three reported travel abroad. A cross-border investigation, including coordinated exposure questionnaires, has not yet identified a source.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the risk of West Nile virus infection in seven European countries from published serological and case notification data, 2008 to 2022.","authors":"Hailin Feng, Giovanni Marini, Éva Barabás, Michalis Koureas, Varvara A Mouchtouri, Ilaria Dorigatti","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.22.2500394","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.22.2500394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDWest Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogen increasingly reported in Europe.AIMWe aimed to characterise heterogeneities in the average annual human risk of WNV infection (force of infection, FOI) and in WNV surveillance across Europe.METHODSWe conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to identify serological studies on WNV in humans with IgG-based assays in Europe. We then used mathematical models fitted to both age-stratified serosurvey and case data to reconstruct spatially explicit FOI estimates, the sensitivity of syndromic surveillance and age-dependent trends in case reporting.RESULTSWe extracted 92 serosurvey datasets from 21 countries. Based on 10 age-stratified serosurvey datasets from Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Spain and case data from seven countries (Austria, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Spain), we estimated the WNV FOI for 119 European nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level (NUTS) 0-3 regions. We found evidence of spatial heterogeneities in transmission intensity and estimated that on average less than 0.2% of human WNV infections were notified, with country variability and age-dependent trends in the propensity of reporting WNV disease.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that the intensity of WNV transmission, the average annual incidence of infection and the sensitivity of surveillance are heterogeneous across Europe. Due to differences in case reporting across countries, the incidence of reported WNV cases does not necessarily reflect the same proportion of WNV infections and hence the actual infection incidence, which highlights the importance of conducting WNV seroprevalence surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and characteristics of cases with monkeypox virus clade I in the WHO European Region, 2024 to 2025.","authors":"Ioannis Karagiannis, Jeffrey Pires, Pana Akhmetniyaz, Olivier le Polain de Waroux, Bart Hoorelbeke, Bertrand Gagnière, Klaus Jansen, Chrysa Tsiara, Derval Igoe, Maria Rosaria Campitiello, Catharina van Ewijk, Vítor Cabral Veríssimo, Laura Santos Larrégola, Erik Sturegård, Céline Gardiol, Taliha Karakök, Gareth J Hughes, Marc-Alain Widdowson","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.24.2500955","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.24.2500955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDA public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) was declared in August 2024 following a sharp increase in mpox cases linked to the emergence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade Ib.AIMWe aimed to characterise imported and locally acquired mpox clade I cases reported in the WHO European Region (WHO/Europe) since August 2024 and assess transmission patterns and response measures.METHODSWe collected data on MPXV clade I infections reported by countries in WHO/Europe through the International Health Regulations. We contacted reporting countries to collect age, sex, travel history, most likely route of transmission, clinical course, contacts and type of exposure, and implemented control and prevention measures.RESULTSBetween 14 August 2024 and 23 November 2025, 82 cases of MPXV clade I infection were reported; 45 were imported and 37 were infected in reporting countries. Seventy-nine were typed as clade Ib and two as clade Ia. Most imported cases reported heterosexual (n = 26) or close physical contact (n = 5) as possible exposure. Secondary transmission occurred in six households. One healthcare worker was infected. Since October 2025, further 17 autochthonous male cases were most likely infected through sex with other men.CONCLUSIONImported cases of MPXV clade I infection were associated with limited household transmission. The increase in autochthonous infections among men with recent sexual contact with other men suggests undetected spread in Europe, that may become sustained. Continued surveillance, case and contact investigation are needed to understand MPXV clade I epidemiology and drivers of MPXV clade I transmission in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a new partner management strategy for bacterial sexually transmitted infections after a change in 2020 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2017 to 2023.","authors":"Buhari Teker, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Lois Deden, Jason Schouten, Elske Hoornenborg, Vita W Jongen, Henry Jc de Vries","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.22.2500754","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.22.2500754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDFrom 1 March 2020, the Centre for Sexual Health Amsterdam limits presumptive treatment for chlamydia or gonorrhoea to clients notified by steady partners. Treatment after notification by non-steady partners requires a positive test result.AIMWe aimed to evaluate this change in policy on unnecessary antibiotic treatment, time to treatment and lost to follow-up clients.METHODSWe included consultations (with testing) following partner notification for chlamydia or gonorrhoea between 1 March 2017 and 1 March 2023. Primary outcome was unnecessary antibiotic treatment (presumptive treatment with negative test result) before vs after the policy change. We also assessed return for treatment of confirmed and not presumptively treated individuals after the policy change.RESULTSFrom 4,579 consultations, unnecessary antibiotics were prescribed for 786/1,318 (59.6%) clients for chlamydia and 729/1,117 (65.3%) clients for gonorrhoea before 1 March 2020. After 1 March 2020, this decreased to 324/1,275 (25%) and 341/1,369 (25%), respectively, corresponding to a relative reduction of 58% for chlamydia (adjusted relative risk (aRR): 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.47) and 63% (aRR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.33-0.42) for gonorrhoea. After the policy change, clients not given presumptive treatment but later diagnosed returned after a median of 7 days (interquartile range (IQR): 5-8) for chlamydia and 6 days (IQR: 4-7) for gonorrhoea. Missed treatment occurred in 4/155 (2.6%) of chlamydia and 5/158 (3.2%) of gonorrhoea consultations.CONCLUSIONThe new partner management protocol substantially reduced unnecessary antibiotic treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. The majority of confirmed infections still received appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}