Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Potentially zoonotic pathogens and parasites in opportunistically sourced urban brown rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) in and around Helsinki, Finland, 2018 to 2023.","authors":"Tuomas Aivelo, Hussein Alburkat, Nina Suomalainen, Rebekka Kukowski, Petra Heikkinen, Antti Oksanen, Otso Huitu, Rauni Kivistö, Tarja Sironen","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.40.2400031","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.40.2400031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundBrown rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) are synanthropic rodents with worldwide distribution, which are known to harbour many zoonotic pathogens and parasites. No systematic zoonotic surveys targeting multiple pathogens and parasites have previously been conducted in urban rats in Finland.AimIn Helsinki, Finland, we explored the presence and prevalence in brown rats of certain pathogens and parasites (including helminths, viruses and bacteria) across potentially zoonotic taxa.MethodsWe opportunistically received rat carcasses from pest management operators and citizens from 2018 to 2023. We searched for heart- or lungworms, performed rat diaphragm digestion to check for <i>Trichinella</i> and morphologically identified intestinal helminths. We assessed virus exposure by immunofluorescence assay or PCR, and detected bacteria by PCR (<i>Leptospira</i>) or culture (<i>Campylobacter</i>).ResultsAmong the rats investigated for helminths, no heart- or lungworms or <i>Trichinella</i> species were detected and the most common finding was the cestode <i>Hymenolepis nana</i> (in 9.7% of individuals sampled, 28/288). For some of the surveyed virus taxa, several rats were seropositive (orthopoxviruses, 5.2%, 11/211; arenaviruses, 2.8%, 6/211; hantaviruses 5.2%, 11/211) or tested positive by PCR (rat hepatitis E virus, 1.8%, 4/216). <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (6.6%, 17/259) and <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> (1.2%, 2/163) bacteria were also present in the rat population examined.ConclusionsPrevalences of potentially zoonotic pathogens and parasites in brown rats in Helsinki appeared low. This may explain low or non-existent diagnosis levels of rat-borne pathogen and parasite infections reported in people there. Nevertheless, further assessment of under-diagnosis, which cannot be excluded, would enhance understanding the risks of zoonoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact behaviour before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands: evidence from contact surveys, 2016 to 2017 and 2020 to 2023.","authors":"Jantien A Backer, Eric R A Vos, Gerco den Hartog, Cheyenne C E van Hagen, Hester E de Melker, Fiona R M van der Klis, Jacco Wallinga","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.2400143","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.2400143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was largely mitigated by limiting contacts in the general population. In early 2022, most contact-reducing measures were lifted.AimTo assess whether the population has reverted to pre-pandemic contact behaviour and how this would affect transmission potential of a newly emerging pathogen.MethodsWe compared two studies on contact behaviour in the Netherlands: the PIENTER Corona study, conducted during and after the pandemic (held every 2-6 months from April 2020) and the PIENTER3 study (2016-17, as pre-pandemic baseline). In both, participants (ages 1-85 years) reported number and age group of all face-to-face persons contacted on the previous day in a survey. Transmission potential was examined using the next-generation matrix approach.ResultsWe found an average of 15.4 (95% CI: 14.3-16.4) community contacts per person per day after the pandemic in May 2023, 13% lower than baseline (17.8; 95% CI: 17.0-18.5). Among all ages, children (5-9 years) had the highest number of contacts, both pre- and post-pandemic. Mainly adults aged 20-59 years had not reverted to pre-pandemic behaviours, possibly because they more often work from home. Although the number of contacts is lower compared to the pre-pandemic period, the effect on transmission potential of a newly emerging respiratory pathogen is limited if all age groups were equally susceptible.ConclusionContinuous monitoring of contacts can signal changes in contact patterns and can define a 'new normal' baseline. Both aspects are needed to prepare for a future pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cluster of Mayaro virus infections in a film team returning from Suriname, February 2024.","authors":"Hans Martin Orth, Stefanie Pfau, Martin Gabriel, Stephan Günther, Dennis Tappe, Daniel Hornuss, Irmela Müller-Stöver, Martha Charlotte Holtfreter, Tom Luedde, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Torsten Feldt","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.44.2400679","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.44.2400679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mayaro virus is endemic to the tropical Americas, where the incidence is currently increasing. Like other viruses of the Semliki Forest virus serocomplex, such as <i>Alphavirus chikungunya</i>, symptomatic infections are typically characterised by an acute febrile disease followed by long-lasting arthralgia. Cases in travellers are rarely reported but may be underdiagnosed. We report on four people who diagnosed with Mayaro fever after working in remote areas of Suriname as members of a film team.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced echovirus 11 genomic surveillance in neonatal infections in Spain following a European alert reveals new recombinant forms linked to severe cases, 2019 to 2023.","authors":"Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia, Nerea Garcia-Ibañez, Juan Camacho, Almudena Gutierrez, Laura Sánchez García, Cristina Calvo, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Ana Isabel Menasalvas, Antonio Medina, Mercedes Perez-Ruiz, Maria Carmen Nieto Toboso, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Cristian Launes, Carla Berengua, María Cabrerizo","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.44.2400221","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.44.2400221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIn 2023, a European alert was issued regarding an increase in severe enterovirus (EV) neonatal infections associated with echovirus 11 (E11) new lineage 1.AimTo analyse E11-positive cases between 2019 and 2023 to investigate whether the new lineage 1 circulated in Spain causing severe neonatal infections.MethodsEV-positive samples from hospitalised cases are sent for typing to the National Reference Enterovirus Laboratory. Available samples from 2022-23 were subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing.ResultsOf 1,288 samples genotyped, 103 were E11-positive (98 patients: 6 adults, 33 neonates, 89 children under 6 years; male to female ratio 1.9). E11 detection rate was similar before and after detection of the new lineage 1 in Spain in June 2022 (9.7% in 2019 vs 10.6% in 2023). The proportion of E11-infected ICU-admitted neonates in 2019-2022 (2/7) vs 2022-2023 (5/12) did not significantly differ (p = 0.65). In severe neonatal infections, 4/7 E11 strains were not linked to the new lineage 1. The three novel E11 recombinant genomes were associated with severe (n = 2) and non-severe (n = 1) cases from 2022-2023 and clustered outside the new lineage 1. Coinfecting pathogenic viruses were present in four of 10 E11-positive samples.ConclusionThe emergence of the new lineage 1 is not linked with an increase in incidence or severity of neonatal E11 infections in Spain. The detection of two novel E11 recombinants associated with severe disease warrants enhancing genomic and clinical surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of airborne wild waterbird-derived DNA demonstrates potential for transmission of avian influenza virus via air inlets into poultry houses, the Netherlands, 2021 to 2022.","authors":"Alex Bossers, Myrna Mt de Rooij, Isabella van Schothorst, Francisca C Velkers, Lidwien Am Smit","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.40.2400350","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.40.2400350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundOutbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) on poultry farms and in wild birds worldwide persists despite intensified control measures. It causes unprecedented mortality in bird populations and is increasingly affecting mammalian species. Better understanding of HPAI introduction pathways into farms are needed for targeted disease prevention and control. The relevance of airborne transmission has been suggested but research involving air sampling is limited and unequivocal evidence on transmission routes is lacking.AimWe aimed to investigate whether HPAI virus from wild birds can enter poultry houses through air inlets by characterising host materials through eukaryote DNA sequencing.MethodsWe collected particulate matter samples in and around three HPAI-affected poultry farms which were cleared and decontaminated before sampling. Indoor measurements (n = 61) were taken directly in the airflow entering through air inlets, while outdoor air samples (n = 60) were collected around the poultry house. Positive controls were obtained from a bird rehabilitation shelter. We performed metabarcoding on environmental DNA by deep sequencing 18S rRNA gene amplicons.ResultsWe detected waterbird DNA in air inside all three, and outside of two, poultry farms. Sequences annotated at species level included swans and tufted ducks. Waterbird DNA was present in all indoor and outdoor air samples from the bird shelter.ConclusionAirborne matter derived from contaminated wild birds can potentially introduce HPAI virus to poultry houses through air inlets. The eDNA metabarcoding could assess breaches in biosecurity for HPAI virus and other pathogens potentially transmitted through air via detection of their hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweden surpasses the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target: estimating HIV-1 incidence, 2003 to 2022.","authors":"Erik Lundgren, Macauley Locke, Ethan Romero-Severson, Mira Dimitrijevic, Maria Axelsson, Emmi Andersson, Christina Carlander, Johanna Brännström, Hans Norrgren, Fredrik Mansson, Olof Elvstam, Magnus Gisslén, Lisa Fohlin, Anders Sönnerborg, Jan Albert, Thomas Leitner","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSweden reached the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target in 2015. It is important to reassess the HIV epidemiological situation due to ever-changing migration patterns, the roll-out of PrEP and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.AimWe aimed to assess the progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in Sweden by estimating the proportion of undiagnosed people with HIV (PWHIV) and HIV incidence trends.MethodsWe used routine laboratory data to inform a biomarker model of time since infection. When available, we used previous negative test dates, arrival dates for PWHIV from abroad and transmission modes to inform our incidence model. We also used data collected from the Swedish InfCareHIV register on antiretroviral therapy (ART).ResultsThe yearly incidence of HIV in Sweden decreased after 2014. In part, this was because the fraction of undiagnosed PWHIV had decreased almost twofold since 2006. After 2015, three of four PWHIV in Sweden were diagnosed within 1.9 and 3.2 years after infection among men who have sex with men and in heterosexual groups, respectively. While 80% of new PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV before immigration, they make up 50% of the current PWHIV in Sweden. By 2022, 96% of all PWHIV in Sweden had been diagnosed, and 99% of them were on ART, with 98% virally suppressed.ConclusionsBy 2022, about half of all PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV abroad. Using our new biomarker model, we assess that Sweden has reached the UNAIDS goal at 96-99-98.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between delayed outbreak identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality among long-term care home residents, Ontario, Canada, March to November 2020: a cohort study.","authors":"Kevin A Brown, Sarah A Buchan, Adrienne K Chan, Andrew Costa, Nick Daneman, Gary Garber, Michael Hillmer, Aaron Jones, James M Johnson, Dylan Kain, Kamil Malikov, Richard G Mather, Allison McGeer, Kevin L Schwartz, Nathan M Stall, Jennie Johnstone","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.41.2300719","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.41.2300719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLate outbreak identification is a common risk factor mentioned in case reports of large respiratory infection outbreaks in long-term care (LTC) homes.AimTo systematically measure the association between late SARS-CoV-2 outbreak identification and secondary SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality in residents of LTC homes.MethodsWe studied SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across LTC homes in Ontario, Canada from March to November 2020, before the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Our exposure (late outbreak identification) was based on cumulative infection pressure (the number of infectious resident-days) on the outbreak identification date (early: ≤ 2 infectious resident-days, late: ≥ 3 infectious resident-days), where the infectious window was -2 to +8 days around onset. Our outcome consisted of 30-day incidence of secondary infection and mortality, based on the proportion of at-risk residents with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with onset within 30 days of the outbreak identification date.ResultsWe identified 632 SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across 623 LTC homes. Of these, 36.4% (230/632) outbreaks were identified late. Outbreaks identified late had more secondary infections (10.3%; 4,437/42,953) and higher mortality (3.2%; 1,374/42,953) compared with outbreaks identified early (infections: 3.3%; 2,015/61,714; p < 0.001, mortality: 0.9%; 579/61,714; p < 0.001). After adjustment for 12 LTC home covariates, the incidence of secondary infections in outbreaks identified late was 2.90-fold larger than that of outbreaks identified early (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.04-4.13).ConclusionsThe timeliness of outbreak identification could be used to predict the trajectory of an outbreak, plan outbreak measures and retrospectively provide feedback for quality improvement, with the objective of reducing the impacts of respiratory infections in LTC home residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and surveillance testing capability for mpox in the EU/EEA, September 2024.","authors":"Nina Lagerqvist, Jessica Beser, Tamás Bakonyi, Céline M Gossner, Daniel Palm","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the increasing number of mpox cases caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I in the African continent and the first reported travel-related clade Ib case of mpox in EU/EEA, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control surveyed national capability for detection and characterisation of MPXV in the EU/EEA. The results showed high level of capability for case confirmation by PCR, alongside molecular typing methods for identification of MPXV clades and/or clade I subclades within the EU/EEA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza management policy in domestic poultry: from reacting to preventing.","authors":"Timothée Vergne, Mathilde C Paul, Claire Guinat, Mattias Delpont, Brandon H Hayes, Sébastien Lambert, Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, Jean-Luc Guérin","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in 2021 has led to unprecedented epidemics in poultry, changing epidemiological patterns of year-round infections in resident wild avifauna and more frequent spill-over events to mammals. Given this situation, it is important that we recognise that traditional HPAI management strategies are no longer sufficient, and policy changes are required. Poultry vaccination has emerged as a crucial intervention in the current control of HPAI, as evidenced by France's nationwide campaign targeting domestic ducks. However, due to the logistical challenges and potential trade implications of vaccination, broader structural reforms appear also necessary. These include a shift from farm-level to territorial-level biosecurity approaches, putting into practice the concept of 'regional biosecurity'. Given the role duck farm density has played in successive HPAI epidemics in France, there is a need to think about the spatial distribution of poultry farms as a structural component of regional biosecurity and to consider the reduction of farm concentration as a measure to prevent viral spread. The integration of regional biosecurity and poultry vaccination into prevention strategies should impact the way poultry are produced and traded in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' correction for Euro Surveill. 2024;29(42).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.241018c","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.241018c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}