Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Inferring transmission risk of respiratory viral infection from the viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2, England, 2020 to 2021 and influenza A virus, Hong Kong, 2008 to 2012.","authors":"Jakob Jonnerby, Joe Fenn, Seran Hakki, Jie Zhou, Kieran J Madon, Aleksandra Koycheva, Sean Nevin, Rhia Kundu, Michael A Crone, Timesh D Pillay, Shazaad Ahmad, Nieves Derqui, Emily Conibear, Robert Varro, Constanta Luca, Paul S Freemont, Graham P Taylor, Maria Zambon, Wendy S Barclay, Jake Dunning, Neil M Ferguson, Benjamin J Cowling, Ajit Lalvani","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2400234","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2400234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundInfectiousness of respiratory viral infections is quantified as plaque forming units (PFU), requiring resource-intensive viral culture that is not routinely performed. We hypothesised that RNA viral load (VL) decline time (e-folding time) in people might serve as an alternative marker of infectiousness.AimThis study's objective was to evaluate the association of RNA<b> </b>VL decline time with RNA and PFU<b> </b>VL area under the curve (AUC) and transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.MethodsIn SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus community cohorts, viral RNA was quantified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR in serial upper respiratory tract (URT)-samples collected within households after an initial household-member tested positive for one virus. We evaluated correlations between RNA<b> </b>VL decline time and RNA and PFU-VL AUC. Associations between VL decline time and transmission risk in index-contact pairs were assessed.ResultsIn SARS-CoV-2 cases, we observed positive correlations between RNA<b> </b>VL decline time and RNA and PFU<b> </b>VL AUC with posterior probabilities 1 and 0.96 respectively. In influenza A cases a positive correlation between RNA<b> </b>VL decline time and RNA<b> </b>VL AUC was observed, with posterior probability of 0.87. Index case VL decline times one standard deviation above the cohort-mean showed a relative increase in secondary attack rates of 39% (95%<b> </b>credible interval (CrI):<b> </b>-6.9<b> </b>to<b> </b>95%) for SARS-CoV-2 and 25% (95% CrI:<b> </b>-11 to 71%) for influenza A virus.ConclusionWe identify VL decline time as a potential marker of infectiousness and transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. Early ascertainment of VL kinetics as part of surveillance of new viruses or variants could inform public health decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate public health surveillance response to cyclone Chido, Mayotte, 14 December 2024.","authors":"Marion Soler, Annabelle Lapostolle, Quiterie Mano, Maxime Ransay-Colle, Julie Durand, Louis Collet, Tanguy Cholin, Karima Madi, Laurent Filleul, Yvan Souares, Patrick Rolland, Hassani Youssouf","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2500060","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2500060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 14 December 2024, Cyclone Chido caused extensive damage to infrastructures in Mayotte, including water, electricity and communication networks. Health surveillance systems were no longer functional. Santé publique France provided health risk analyses to support local control measures. Malnutrition and dehydration, follow-up care, pregnancy and post-partum complications, mental health, gastrointestinal diseases, bacterial wound superinfections and bronchiolitis were the main risk identified. The preliminary ad hoc surveillance systems confirmed our analyses. We also present lessons learnt 1 month after the event.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of listeriosis associated with consumption of deli meats in a hospital, Germany, February to March 2023.","authors":"Lena Feige, Nicole Walter, Ahmad Fawzy, Tilman Schultze, Melanie Hassel, Manfred Vogt, Philipp Zanger, Anja Schoeps","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.7.2400316","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.7.2400316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> can cause severe illness in individuals with weakened immune systems. In March 2023, <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was isolated from blood (n = 2) or pleural fluid (n = 1) of three febrile patients receiving synthetic glucocorticoids in a tertiary hospital in Germany. Food supply records suggested sliced parboiled sausage as the likely source, and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was isolated from four samples of sealed packaged sliced sausages and ham from one manufacturer. The patient and food isolates clustered within 0-4 allelic differences. Counts of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in all four food samples were < 100 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, a threshold in the European Union legislation for ready-to-eat products with specific conditions. Our findings, aligned with previous evidence, highlight that persons with weakened immune systems should not be exposed to <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in food. We advocate for a clear communication of deli meats as high-risk foods, so individuals with weakened immune systems can adjust their diet to reduce their risk for invasive listeriosis. We recommend an update of dietary and hygiene guidelines for care settings and private homes where food is prepared, handled and stored for persons with weakened immune systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human neuroinvasive Toscana virus infections in Italy from 2016 to 2023: Increased incidence in 2022 and 2023.","authors":"Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis, Elisa Di Maggio, Martina Del Manso, Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Daniele Petrone, Massimo Fabiani, Giulia Perego, Antonino Bella, Gioia Bongiorno, Ilaria Bernardini, Marco Di Luca, Giulietta Venturi, Claudia Fortuna, Stefania Giannitelli, Federica Ferraro, Francesco Maraglino, Patrizio Pezzotti, Anna Teresa Palamara, Flavia Riccardo","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.2.2400203","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.2.2400203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundToscana virus (TOSV) is transmitted to humans through bites of infected sand flies. Neuroinvasive TOSV infections are leading causes of meningitis/encephalitis in southern Europe and notifiable in Italy since 2016. In 2022-23, Italy experienced extreme climate anomalies and a concomitant increase in mosquito and tick-borne disease transmission.AimTo identify the spatiotemporal distribution and risk groups of neuroinvasive TOSV infections in Italy in 2022-23 vs 2016-21.MethodsWe retrospectively described all autochthonous, laboratory-confirmed neuroinvasive TOSV cases notified to the national surveillance system in 2016-23 using frequencies, proportions, incidences and incidence risk ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs, stratified by year, sex, age, region/autonomous province (AP) of infection/exposure and infection/exposure municipality by urbanisation level.ResultsIn 2022-23, 276 cases were notified (average annual incidence: 2.34/1,000,000 population) vs 331 cases in 2016-21 (0.92/1,000,000), with increased incidence extending into September. In 2022-23, infections were acquired in 12/21 regions/APs, predominantly in Emilia Romagna (57.6%; 159/276) as in 2016-21, including four regions/APs with no local infections in 2016-21. Similar to 2016-21, during 2022-23 residence in rural municipalities (vs urban), male sex, working age (19-67 years) and age > 67 years (vs ≤ 18 years) were identified as risk factors with IRRs of 2.89 (95% CI: 2.01-4.17), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.66-2.84), 5.31 (95% CI: 2.81-10.0) and 5.06 (95% CI: 2.59-9.86), respectively.ConclusionItaly experienced a nearly 2.6-fold increase in neuroinvasive TOSV incidence in 2022-23 vs 2016-21. Raising public awareness on risk factors and personal protection measures may enhance prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Eurosurveillance</i> reviewers in 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2501097","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2501097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim estimates of vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) during a delayed influenza season, Canada, 2024/25.","authors":"Lea Separovic, Yuping Zhan, Samantha E Kaweski, Suzana Sabaiduc, Sara Carazo, Romy Olsha, Richard G Mather, James A Dickinson, Maan Hasso, Isabelle Meunier, Agatha N Jassem, Nathan Zelyas, Ruimin Gao, Nathalie Bastien, Danuta M Skowronski","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500059","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) reports interim 2024/25 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against acute respiratory illness due to laboratory-confirmed influenza during a delayed season of predominant A(H1N1)pdm09 and lower A(H3N2) co-circulation. Through mid-January, the risk of outpatient illness due to influenza A is reduced by about half among vaccinated vs unvaccinated individuals. Adjusted VE is 53% (95% CI: 36-65) against A(H1N1)pdm09, comprised of clades 5a.2a and 5a.2a.1, and 54% (95% CI: 29-70) against A(H3N2), virtually all clade 2a.3a.1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) in hospitals, Italy, September to December 2022.","authors":"Patrizia Spigaglia, Fabrizio Barbanti, Enrico Maria Criscuolo, Fortunato D'Ancona","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400206","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) is a severe infection that needs to be monitored. This infection predominantly occurs in hospitalised patients after antimicrobial treatment, with high mortality in elderly patients.AimWe aimed at estimating the incidence of CDI in Italian hospitals over 4 months in 2022.MethodsWe estimated incidences of hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI), community or unknown CDI (CA/UA-CDI), recurrent CDI and overall CDI in 25 Italian hospitals, characterised <i>C. difficile</i> isolates using PCR ribotyping, analysed them for toxin genes and susceptibility to antimicrobials.Results<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> was detected in 9.7% (655/6,722) of samples from 550 patients, 18 patients died of CDI. The mean overall CDI incidence was 5.0 cases per 10,000 patient days (range: 0.7-11.9). For HA-CDI, mean incidence was 3.7 (range: 0.7-9.2), for CA/UA-CDI 0.8 (range: 0.0-3.2) and for recurrent CDI 0.5 (range: 0.0-3.4). Most patients were female (n = 295; 53.6%), aged ≥ 65 years (n = 422; 76.7%) and previously hospitalised (n = 275; 50.0%). Of the 270 culturable isolates, 267 (98.9%) had toxin A and B genes and 51 (18.9%) the binary toxin genes. Of the 55 PCR ribotypes (RTs) identified, RT 018 (n = 56; 20.7%) and RT 607 (n = 23; 8.5%) were the most common, RT 607 in the northern (p < 0.0001) and RT 018 in the central (p < 0.0001) regions of Italy. Most isolates (n = 158; 58.5%) were antimicrobial-resistant and 119 (44.1%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR).ConclusionHighly virulent and MDR <i>C. difficile</i> types are circulating in Italian hospitals which highlights the need of robust surveillance and stringent prevention and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of hantavirus disease caused by Puumala virus, Croatia, 2021.","authors":"Mari Rončević Filipović, Zlatko Trobonjača, Đurđica Cekinović Grbeša, Marinko Filipović, Melita Kukuljan, Ena Mršić, Vanja Tešić, Stela Živčić-Ćosić","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.3.2400127","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.3.2400127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2021, a large outbreak of hantavirus disease (HAVID) in Croatia with 334 notified cases coincided with a COVID-19 wave and included patients from areas previously not considered endemic, challenging HAVID recognition and patient management. We analysed clinical and epidemiological data on all 254 patients with HAVID treated in the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka (CHC Rijeka) between February and November 2021. Most patients (n = 246; 96.9%) had antibodies against Puumala virus, 212 (83.5%) were residents of endemic areas for HAVID, 93 (36.6%) reported occupational exposure and 86 (33.9%) had observed rodents or rodent excreta. Thirty-seven (14.6%) patients were not notified to the public health authorities. Most patients (n = 177; 69.7%) were male. The median age of the patients was 43 years (range: 17-79 years) in males and 54 years (range: 14-77 years) in females. More severe courses of disease were observed in males aged < 45 years than in older males and females of any age (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.21-4.24; p < 0.005). Measures to prevent exposure, early detection and notification of cases and close collaboration between primary and secondary healthcare teams with public health personnel are essential to improve surveillance and prevent hantavirus outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poliovirus detections in Europe - urgent action needed to keep Europe polio-free.","authors":"Pamela Rendi-Wagner, Hans Kluge","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500076","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterisation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H5N1/H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b, Hong Kong SAR, China, 2021 to 2024.","authors":"Wanying Sun, Ka Tim Choy, Ka Man Cheng, Christopher J Brackman, Samuel Ms Cheng, Thomas Hc Sit, Anne Cn Tse, Leslie D Sims, Haogao Gu, Amy Wy Tang, Andrew Nc Wong, Andrew Tl Tsang, Joe Ct Koo, Leo Lh Luk, Hui-Ling Yen, Malik Peris, Leo Lm Poon","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400839","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We isolated three genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b from wild birds infected with H5N1 (n = 12) and H5N8 (n = 1) in Hong Kong SAR 2021-2024. Viruses from two spoonbills from late 2022 were genetically related to a virus from a human in China. Four tested viruses exhibited variable virulence in mice but were susceptible to approved antivirals. No neutralising antibody was detected in 63 age-stratified human sera, suggesting potential risk should the virus adapt to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}