Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Detection of antibodies against avian influenza in European dairy cattle, the Netherlands, January 2026.","authors":"Monika Z Ballmann, Luca Bordes, Kim M Bouwman, Marc Y Engelsma, Sandra Venema-Kemper, Sylvia Be Pritz-Verschuren, Rene Heutink, Marit Roose, Marcel Ah Spierenburg, Arco van der Spek, Hendrik Ij Roest, Evelien A Germeraad","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.25.2600464","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.25.2600464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In December 2025, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype DI.2.1 virus was detected in a cat living on a dairy cattle farm. Milk and serum samples from the dairy cattle were tested for avian influenza virus. No viral RNA was detected; however, H5N1-specific antibodies were identified in serum samples from 34 (47.2%) of 72 lactating dairy cows and 24 (63.2%) of 38 youngstock. These demonstrate expansion of the mammalian host range of HPAI H5N1 in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diphtheria outbreak, Northern Territory of Australia, 2025 to 2026.","authors":"Anthony Dk Draper, Mark Sistrom, Kimberley McMahon, Robert Duguid, Jerry Chen, Georgia Cramp, Thomas Cherian, Mirsaed Miri Nargesi, Dzulfikaar Sutandar, Kevin Freeman, Kelly Lomas, Tarrant Tolotta, Jenine C Gunn, Rowena Boyd, Jann Hennessy, Tinus Creeper, Jaimee Harbidge, Fatima Sarmiento, Rebecca Curr, Jennifer Yan, Joshua R Francis, Robert Baird, Hayley Stratton, Jane Davies, Catherine S Marshall, Sonja Janson, Nerida Moore, Rebecca Wardell, Eugene Athan, George Drewett, Liz Moore, Elly Layton, Unni Susil Kumar, Rosalind Webby, Ashish Yadav, Vicki L Krause, Bhavi Ravindran, Ella M Meumann","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.23.2600443","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.23.2600443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of high vaccination rates, the Northern Territory of Australia had not seen locally transmitted toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> since the 1990s, until cutaneous diphtheria cases emerged in May 2025 and respiratory cases in March 2026. By 30 April 2026, there had been 131 cases (34 respiratory, 97 cutaneous) in an ongoing outbreak characterised by a high proportion of cutaneous cases with transmission driven by crowding and consequent poor skin health. Most patients have had mild disease due to prior vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13263650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148224152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles outbreak in an occupational setting: challenges to regain elimination status for Spain, 14 January to 11 April 2026.","authors":"Esteban Aznar, Aurora Fernández-García, Noemí López-Perea, Josefa Masa-Calles, Nazaret Díaz-Sánchez, María Encarna Sánchez Carratalá, Eva Martín-Aragón Gónzalez, Israel Cremades Bernabeu, Gian Pietro Maletta Talarico, María Beso Delgado, Empar Giner Ferrando, Bernardo R Guzmán Herrador, Pilar Soler Crespo, María José Sierra Moros, Fernando Márquez, Esther Córdoba Deorador, Ana María Humanes Navarro, Ana Boned-Ombuena, María Amparo Pascual Del Pobil Ferré","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.24.2600458","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.24.2600458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In January 2026, 2 days after the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Verification Commission (RVC) for the European Region declared the re-establishment of endemic measles transmission in Spain, an outbreak linked to an office building, occurred in the city of Alicante, with 34 cases (median age: 44 years; interquartile range (IQR): 43-47) including 23 women and 11 men. Key factors shaping this outbreak underscore challenges and possible ways to regain transmission control, which might have relevance for re-achieving elimination status in Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-based prevalence and screening gaps of hepatitis C, B and D, Germany, 2020 to 2021.","authors":"Zahra Ghodratian, Katharina Grikscheit, Loraine Busetto, Benjamin Marx, Niko Kohmer, Arne Auste, Raphael Scheu, Manuela Harries, Vanessa Melhorn, Thomas Illig, Monika Strengert, Annemarie Berger, Berit Lange, Sandra Ciesek","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.25.2500864","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.25.2500864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDChronic hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses remain major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Despite a low prevalence in Germany, migration from higher-endemic regions and screening gaps may hinder progress towards World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 elimination targets. Population-based data are needed for surveillance, screening and elimination.AIMWe aimed to estimate prevalence of HCV, HBV and hepatitis D virus (HDV) in adults in Germany.METHODSWe retrospectively analysed 10,000 serum samples from the Multilocal and Serial Prevalence Study of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (MuSPAD, 2020-2021), by age and gender distribution. Samples were pooled and tested for HCV and HBV by PCR, for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and for antibodies against HCV and HBV. Samples positive for HBsAg were analysed for HDV.RESULTSActive HCV infection (HCV RNA) was detected in four (0.04%; 95% CI: 0.02-0.1) persons. Seroprevalence for HCV was 0.17% (95% CI: 0.11-0.27), highest among 60-69-year-olds (0.53%). Active HBV infection (HBV DNA and/or HBsAg) was detected in 21 participants (0.21%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14-0.32), peaking at 0.44% among 30-39-year-olds. No HDV infection was confirmed.CONCLUSIONRecognising that relevant high-risk groups may be underrepresented in our data, the overall HCV and HBV prevalence in Germany appears low but non-negligible. Adults under 35 years are not covered by the national health check programme for all adults aged ≥ 35 years, suggesting potential screening gaps. Systematic HDV testing among HBV-positive individuals and targeted testing strategies may support progress towards WHO elimination goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new suspect: <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> outbreak linked to pasteurised plant-based beverages, Canada, 2024.","authors":"J Leigh Hobbs, Allana Murphy, Jackson Chung, Franco Pagotto, Meghan Hamel, Ashley Kearney, Natalie Fava, Rajesh Benny, Tharany Nadarajah, Shovita Padhi, Angela Catford, Antoine Corbeil, Anna Majury, Christine Navarro","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.24.2500883","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.24.2500883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Canada in 2024, an outbreak of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> occurred, linked to pasteurised plant-based dairy alternative beverage products. The outbreak involved 20 confirmed cases (age range: 7-89 years; 13 females, seven males; 14 having underlying medical conditions) and resulted in three deaths. All cases were infected with the same genetic strain of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. Nineteen of the 20 outbreak-confirmed cases reported consuming the same brand of plant-based beverage product prior to illness onset, and the outbreak strain was found in six open leftover plant-based beverage samples collected from the homes of six outbreak-confirmed cases. All <i>L. monocytogenes</i>-positive food samples were produced at a single manufacturing facility in Ontario, Canada on the same production line. The outbreak strain was confirmed in post-pasteurisation processing areas at the manufacturing facility. However, the source of contamination was not determined. Leftover case-food sample collection by local public health authorities and laboratory testing were instrumental in the timely identification of the outbreak source - a food recall warning was issued within 2 weeks of initial case-food WGS match. Manufacturer adherence to applicable requirements regarding <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in ready-to-eat foods continues to be critical to prevent <i>Listeria</i> contamination and subsequent illnesses and/or deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising individuals with newly diagnosed HIV before versus during the era of PrEP: a descriptive time-series analysis of data from a sexual health centre in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2015 to 2024.","authors":"Anders C Boyd, Eline S Wijstma, Feline de la Court, Mark Am van den Elshout, Kenneth Yap, Birgit van Benthem, Elske Hoornenborg, Maria Prins","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.23.2500769","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.23.2500769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDWith widespread HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation, the population with increased chance of HIV acquisition may have shifted.AIMThis study aimed to explore the characteristics of people diagnosed with HIV in Amsterdam, the Netherlands before and during the national PrEP programme (NPP).METHODSUsing data from the Public Health Service of Amsterdam, we included 647 individuals diagnosed with HIV between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2024. Sociodemographic, sexual and PrEP-related characteristics collected at diagnosis were analysed cross-sectionally. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess determinants of being diagnosed with HIV during (1 August 2019-30 June 2024) vs before the NPP (1 January 2015-31 July 2019).RESULTSThe number of newly diagnosed HIV infections decreased from 425 before the NPP(range: 92-103 diagnoses/year) to 222 during the NPP(range: 34-52 diagnoses per year). In multivariable analysis, transgender and gender-diverse persons (aOR = 12.74; 95% CI: 2.84-57.11) and individuals who engaged in sex work (aOR = 4.88; 95% CI: 2.67-8.91) or condomless sex (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.15-3.30) in the 6 months before diagnosis were more likely to be diagnosed during than before the NPP. Of 270 individuals with available data, 42 (15.6%) had used PrEP before their diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSIn the period after NPP implementation, the proportion of individuals diagnosed with HIV who were transgender or gender-diverse, engaged in sex work, or had condomless sex increased. Accessibility of PrEP services needs to be improved and timely PrEP uptake facilitated among specific subpopulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13263649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148224143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First case of penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (group B <i>Streptococcus</i>) isolated from an adult patient in Italy, February 2026.","authors":"Roberta Creti, Giovanni Gherardi, Monica Imperi, Andrea Zappavigna, Gabriella Tocci, Nicolò Rossi, Filippo Trapani, Giovanna Alfarone, Ilaria Marani, Anna Teresa Palamara, Giuliana Lo Cascio","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2600374","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2600374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A penicillin-resistant group B streptococcal (GBS) strain was identified in Italy, after isolation from the blood culture of a patient in their 80s with comorbidities. The isolate was multidrug-resistant and demonstrated by genome sequencing to be of serotype Ia, sequence type 23, and to possess the <i>alp1</i> gene. Known and new point mutations were detected in the penicillin-binding-protein genes 2a and 2x. Although sporadic, penicillin-resistance in GBS is a serious concern for prophylaxis and therapy, so continued GBS surveillance remains important.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased chlamydia notifications in six European Union/European Economic Area countries and England, 2024.","authors":"Ana Martina Astorga Alsina, Joana Gomes Dias, Cornelia Adlhoch, Lina Nerlander, Anne Olaug Olsen, Derval Igoe, Eija Hiltunen-Back, Fiona Lyons, Inga Velicko, Kate O'Donnell, Kate Folkard, Katerina Crawford, Kirsi Liitsola, Maartje Visser, Maria Wessman, Martha Neary, Miranda Ferguson, Mirja Puolakkainen, Steen Hoffmann, Thomas Roland Pedersen, Tuula Hannila-Handelberg, Otilia Mårdh","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.21.2500846","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.21.2500846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade, bacterial sexually transmitted infection notifications have increased across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and England. However, six EU/EEA countries - Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden - and England, reported declines in chlamydia notifications from 2023 to 2024. To explore potential drivers of these decreases, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, together with experts from the seven countries, analysed national surveillance data from 2015 to 2024 and contextualised findings with information on testing practices, policies and public health interventions. Chlamydia notifications in 2024 were compared with expected counts based on trends before the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2019) using a negative binomial model. Across countries, decreases between 2023 and 2024 ranged from 13% to 19%, primarily affecting 15-24-year-olds. Case numbers fell below the 95% prediction interval in three countries. Five countries reported reduced testing volumes among young people, and all observed lower positivity rates. Some countries implemented online testing and targeted sexual health promotion campaigns. Although reduced testing, changes in behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk profile of those accessing testing may have contributed to the declines, further investigation into underlying drivers is necessary to inform sexual health strategies in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148053622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective use of wastewater surveillance for early detection of enterovirus D68 in community outbreaks among children, Niigata City, Japan, 2024.","authors":"Jun Tachikawa, Yuta Aizawa, Rie Habuka, Kotaro Tsushima, Nur Irma Safitri, Tatsuki Ikuse, Masaaki Kitajima, Akihiko Saitoh","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2500779","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.20.2500779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>INTRODUCTIONEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a re-emerging pathogen that can cause acute respiratory illness in children and difficult to predict outbreaks.AIMTo anticipate outbreaks in children, we investigated if wastewater surveillance could timely detect circulation of EV-D68 and its respective subclades in Niigata City, Japan.METHODSDuring January-December 2024, wastewater samples were collected once a week for EV-D68 RNA concentration determination. Numbers of children (≤ 15 years old) admitted with wheezing to six hospitals with paediatric beds in Niigata City were monitored; in a subset of children, nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for EV-D68 during September-December. Nucleotide sequences of EV-D68 derived from patient and wastewater samples were phylogenetically analysed.RESULTSDuring January-December 2024, EV-D68 RNA was found in 39 (41.9%) of 93 wastewater samples. The first EV-D68 detection occurred in week 27, with RNA concentrations rising in subsequent samples. From week 32, numbers of children hospitalised with wheezing increased, peaking in week 37. Up to week 52, 195 children with wheezing were admitted to the six hospitals. The wastewater EV-D68 RNA concentrations positively correlated with paediatric hospitalisations for wheezing (ρ = 0.54, p < 0.001). In weeks 37-52, 16 (10 girls/6 boys; median age: 4.8 years; interquartile range: 3.1-7.5) of 31 hospitalised children tested for EV-D68 were positive. Strains affecting them were of subclade B3 only, while strains in wastewater belonged to subclades D1 and B3.CONCLUSIONSWastewater surveillance timely detected an increase in EV-D68 activity, revealing the circulation of subclades undetected among patients. It thus can potentially support EV-D68 outbreak prediction and response and could possibly be extended to other pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim 2025/26 LP.8.1 vaccine effectiveness estimates against COVID-19 from the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN): insights into possible impact of influenza and other respiratory virus co-circulation.","authors":"Danuta M Skowronski, Yuping Zhan, Samantha E Kaweski, Michelle B Cox, Lea Separovic, Sara Carazo, Romy Olsha, Katie Dover, Suzana Sabaiduc, Christine Lacroix, Richard G Mather, Maan Hasso, Inès Levade, Agatha N Jassem, Isabelle Meunier, Ruimin Gao, Nathalie Bastien","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.18.2600331","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.18.2600331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDThe Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network routinely undertakes multiplex respiratory virus testing, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimation by test-negative design (TND), and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of vaccine-targeted viruses.AIMTo estimate 2025/26 LP.8.1 VE against community-based COVID-19, including variant-specific, and explore the impact of other respiratory viruses among COVID-19 cases and/or controls.METHODSParticipants were ≥ 12-year-old outpatients presenting with acute respiratory illness between 26 October 2025 and 07 March 2026. COVID-19 vaccination information was registry-based. Primary TND analyses excluded influenza virus-infected controls. Sensitivity analyses explored inclusion and/or exclusion of influenza and other respiratory viral infections among COVID-19 cases and/or controls. WGS supported VE interpretation and variant-specific estimation.RESULTSWe included 3,802 participants (2,832 (74%) aged 12-64 years; 970 (26%) aged ≥ 65 years), with 310 COVID-19 cases (29 vaccinated; 9%) and 3,492 controls (577 vaccinated; 17%). At median 9 weeks post-vaccination, LP.8.1 VE was 48% (95%CI: 21 to 66): 44% (95%CI: -12 to 72) for 12-64 and 53% (95%CI: 21 to 73) for ≥ 65-year-olds. In sensitivity analyses, VE was stable for ≥ 65-year-olds. Among 12-64-year-olds, VE decreased when including influenza virus infections among controls but increased when excluding co-infections, recognising uncertainty with reduced sample size. Against viruses that failed vs succeeded WGS, VE was 26% (95%CI: -63 to 66) vs 53% (95%CI: 24 to 71), 63% (95%CI: 30 to 80) against the XFG variant. Most SARS-CoV-2 co-infections with semi-quantification, including those failing WGS, showed higher viral load for the non-SARS-CoV-2 infection.CONCLUSIONThe 2025/26 LP.8.1 vaccine approximately halved the medically attended COVID-19 risk. Multiplex testing to identify primary co-infections among cases, or correlated vaccine-preventable infections among controls, may address VE under-estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}