Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality: an individual-level population-scale analysis using linked electronic health records, Wales, United Kingdom, 2016 to 2022.","authors":"Rhiannon K Owen, James D van Oppen, Jane Lyons, Ashley Akbari, Gareth Davies, Fatemeh Torabi, Keith R Abrams, Ronan A Lyons","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400085","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased mortality directly and indirectly associated with COVID-19.AimTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause and disease-specific mortality and explore potential health inequalities associated with area-level deprivation in Wales.MethodsTwo population-based cohort studies were derived from multi-sourced, linked demographic, administrative and electronic health record data from 2016 to 2019 (n = 3,113,319) and 2020 to 2022 (n = 3,571,471). Data were analysed using generalised linear models adjusting for age, sex, area-level deprivation and time at risk.ResultsCOVID-19 deaths peaked in January 2021 (54.9/100,000 person-months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 52.4-57.5). The pandemic indirectly affected deaths, with higher than expected maximum relative mortality rates (RR) related to cancer (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13-1.36), infectious diseases (excluding respiratory infections) (RR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.27- 3.43), circulatory system (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28-1.56), trauma (RR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.57- 2.65), digestive system (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25-1.91), nervous system (RR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.34-2.00) and mental and behavioural disorders (RR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.58-2.16). Mortality associated with respiratory diseases (unrelated to COVID-19) were lower than expected (minimum RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.45-0.60). All-cause mortality was lower in least deprived communities compared with most deprived (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.60-0.62), and the magnitude of this effect increased during the pandemic.ConclusionsAll-cause and disease-specific mortality directly and indirectly associated with COVID-19 increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Socioeconomic disparities were exacerbated during this time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuvaxovid NVX-CoV2373 vaccine safety profile: real-world data evidence after 100,000 doses, Australia, 2022 to 2023.","authors":"Hazel J Clothier, Claire Parker, John H Mallard, Paul Effler, Lauren Bloomfield, Dale Carcione, Jim P Buttery","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400164","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionNuvaxovid became available in Australia from February 2022, a year after the first COVID-19 vaccines. This protein-based vaccine was an alternative for people who had had an adverse event to and/or were hesitant to receive an mRNA or adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine. Although safety from clinical trials was reassuring, small trial populations, low administration rates and limited post-licensure intelligence meant potential rare adverse events were underinformed.AimWe aimed to describe Nuvaxovid's safety profile in a real-world setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational analysis of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) spontaneously reported to SAFEVAC, the integrated vaccine safety surveillance system in Victoria and Western Australia. Reports from 14 February 2022 to 30 June 2023 were analysed by vaccinee demographics, reported reactions and COVID-19 vaccine dose, and compared as reporting rates (RR) per 100,000 doses administered.ResultsWe received 356 AEFI reports, following 102,946 Nuvaxovid doses administered. Rates were higher after dose 1 than dose 2 (rate ratio: 1.5, p = 0.0008), primary series than booster (rate ratio: 2.4, p < 0.0001), and in females vs males (rate ratio: 1.4, p = 0.004). Clinically confirmed serious AEFI included 94 cases of chest pain (RR = 91.3), two myocarditis (RR = 1.9) and 20 pericarditis (RR = 19.4). Guillain-Barré syndrome or thrombosis with thrombocytopaenia syndromes were not reported, nor deaths attributable to vaccination.ConclusionSAFEVAC's collaborative data model enabled pooling of clinically reviewed data across jurisdictions, increasing the safety profile evidence for Nuvaxovid and improving the odds for identification and description of rare events. This analysis affirmed the safety profile of Nuvaxovid.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectoral genomic surveillance reveals a lack of insight in sources of human infections with Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, the Netherlands, 2017 to 2023.","authors":"Ingrid Hm Friesema, Menno van der Voort, Ben Wit, Angela Ham van Hoek, Maaike Jc van den Beld, Coen van der Weijden, Eelco Franz","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.2400264","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.2400264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen associated with illness ranging from mild diarrhoea to haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or even death. Cross-sectoral data sharing provides an opportunity to gain insight in reservoirs and sources of human infections and starting points for pro-active measures. Nevertheless, phylogenetic clustering of STEC strains from animals, food and human cases is low in the Dutch surveillance system. This is partly due to the substantial contribution of international travel and person-to-person spread in the STEC epidemiology. Furthermore, some STEC strains causing disease in humans may have a human reservoir. Although the main reservoirs and sources are included in the Dutch monitoring programmes, some animals and food products may be under-recognised as potential sources of human infections. More effort in investigating the role of other reservoirs beyond the well-known can provide a better understanding on STEC ecology in general, improving surveillance and source attribution, and ultimately provide better guidance for monitoring and source finding. This also implies having good diagnostics in place and isolates available for typing. Therefore, on the human side of the surveillance, the decision has been made to start isolating STEC at national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antigenic changes in influenza A(H3N2) driven by genetic evolution: Insights from virological surveillance, EU/EEA, week 40/2023 to week 9/2024.","authors":"Eeva K Broberg, Maja Vukovikj, Olov Svartström, Iris Hasibra, Maximilian Riess, Angeliki Melidou","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400395","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDuring the 2023/24 influenza season in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses were co-circulating.AimWe aimed to describe the circulating influenza viruses by (sub)type, genetic clade, antigenic group and antiviral susceptibility in that season in the EU/EEA.MethodsWe collected surveillance data from EU/EEA countries through weekly submissions to The European Surveillance System (TESSy). Data were submitted in strain-based format for weeks 40/2023 to 9/2024.ResultsTwenty-nine EU/EEA countries reported 154,718 influenza virus detections (primary care sentinel and non-sentinel combined), of which 97% (150,692) were type A and 3% (4,026) were type B. Of the subtyped influenza A viruses, 30,463 (75%) were influenza A(H1)pdm09 and 10,174 (25%) were influenza A(H3). For 809 (20%) of the type B viruses, the lineage was determined; all were B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, and none were B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage. Genetic diversification of seasonal influenza viruses continued, and clade 5a.2a of A(H1N1)pdm09, 2a.3a.1 of A(H3N2) and V1A.3a.2 of B/Victoria-lineage viruses dominated. Of the A(H3N2) 2a.3a.1 viruses, 23% were antigenically distinct from the 2023/24 vaccine virus.ConclusionThe 2023/24 influenza season was characterised by co-circulation of different influenza (sub)types, antigenically similar to the components recommended for the 2023/24 northern hemisphere vaccine, A/Victoria/4897/2022 (egg-based) and A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (cell culture- or recombinant-based). However, genetic diversification of the viruses continued. The World Health Organization's vaccine recommendations for the northern hemisphere 2024/25 season were updated to include a new A(H3N2) component, while maintaining the current A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria components.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job vacancy at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.241257","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.241257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antigenic variants exhibiting cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir in an elementary school in Japan, September 2024.","authors":"Emi Takashita, Kohei Shimizu, Shuzo Usuku, Ryuichi Senda, Ichiro Okubo, Hiroko Morita, Shiho Nagata, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Hideka Miura, Noriko Kishida, Kazuya Nakamura, Masayuki Shirakura, Masataka Ichikawa, Yoko Matsuzaki, Shinji Watanabe, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Hideki Hasegawa","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400786","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses exhibiting cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir occurred in Yokohama, Japan, in September 2024. Among 24 students in a class, 11 were diagnosed with influenza or influenza-like illness, and viruses harbouring the NA H275Y and HA Q210H substitutions were isolated from four. Deep sequencing analysis confirmed the clonal spread of these mutants. Antigenic analysis revealed differences from the vaccine strain. Continued monitoring is crucial to assess the potential for further spread of these mutant viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons for difficulties in isolating the causative organism during food-borne outbreak investigations using STEC as a model pathogen: a systematic review, 2000 to 2019.","authors":"Christina Anthony, Karen Pearson, Rebecca Callaby, Lesley Allison, Claire Jenkins, Alison Smith-Palmer, Marianne James","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.2400193","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.2400193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionFood-borne disease outbreak investigations use epidemiological, microbiological and food chain evidence to identify the implicated food and inform risk management actions.AimsWe used Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) as a model pathogen to investigate the success of outbreak strain isolation from food or environmental samples during outbreak investigations, and examined the factors influencing the chance of isolation.MethodsWe searched for reports of food-borne STEC outbreak investigations worldwide in peer-reviewed and grey literature in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsWe found a total of 223 outbreaks suitable for inclusion. Food and/or environmental samples were available for testing in 137 investigations, and the outbreak strain was isolated in 94 (42%) of investigations. We found no significant effect of STEC serovar or size of outbreak on likelihood of successful outbreak strain isolation. Isolation success ranged across different implicated commodities from 86% for beef-related outbreaks to 50% for salads and leafy greens. In 20% of outbreaks with samples available for testing, an additional STEC strain was isolated alongside the outbreak strain and in 6.6%, only an alternative STEC strain was isolated. Risk management action was taken on epidemiological evidence alone in 21 incidents.ConclusionThe principal reasons why the outbreak strain was not isolated were lack of sample availability and methodological issues concerned with laboratory isolation. We recommend strategies that could improve the likelihood of isolation including the rapid collection of samples based on epidemiological intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritisation of infectious diseases from a public health perspective: a multi-criteria decision analysis study, France, 2024.","authors":"Dominique Ploin, Mathilde Alexandre, Bruno Ventelou, Didier Che, Bruno Coignard, Nathalie Boulanger, Christophe Burucoa, François Caron, Pierre Gallian, Yves Hansmann, Christian Lienhardt, Philippe Minodier, Henri Partouche, Matthieu Revest, Nadia Saidani, Gilles Salvat, Nicolas Vignier, Sylvie Floreani, Sabine Henry, Bruno Pozzetto, Bruno Hoen","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400074","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWithin the International Health Regulations framework, the French High Council for Public Health was mandated in 2022 by health authorities to establish a list of priority infectious diseases for public health, surveillance and research in mainland and overseas France.AimOur objective was to establish this list.MethodsA multi-criteria decision analysis was used, as recommended by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. A list of 95 entities (infectious diseases or groups of these, including the World Health Organization (WHO)-labelled 'Disease X') was established by 17 infectious disease experts. Ten criteria were defined to score entities: incidence rate, case fatality rate, potential for emergence and spread, impact on the individual, on society, on socially vulnerable groups, on the healthcare system, and need for new preventive tools, new curative therapies, and surveillance. Each criterion was assigned a relative weight by 77 multidisciplinary experts. For each entity, 98 physicians from various specialties rated each criterion against the entity, using a four-class Likert-type scale; the ratings were converted into numeric values with a nonlinear scale and respectively weighted to calculate the entity score.ResultsFifteen entities were ranked as high-priorities, including Disease X and 14 known pathologies (e.g. haemorrhagic fevers, various respiratory viral infections, arboviral infections, multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, invasive meningococcal and pneumococcal diseases, prion diseases, rabies, and tuberculosis).ConclusionThe priority entities agreed with those of the WHO in 2023; almost all were currently covered by the French surveillance and alert system. Repeating this analysis periodically would keep the list updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccinating against the absent: Risks of the B/Yamagata strain in the live attenuated vaccine.","authors":"Parvaiz A Koul","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.2400766","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.2400766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' correction for Euro Surveill. 2024;29(48).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.241205c","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.49.241205c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}