Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"A national outbreak of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> complex: investigation reveals genomic population structure but no source, Norway, June 2021 to February 2023.","authors":"Arne Michael Taxt, Vegard Eldholm, Nicola Isabelle Kols, Maria Schei Haugan, Niclas Raffelsberger, Anne Mette Asfeldt, André Ingebretsen, Anita Blomfeldt, Kristin Stenhaug Kilhus, Paul Christoffer Lindemann, Horst Bentele, Jeanette Stålcrantz, Liz Ertzeid Ødeskaug, Thale Cathrine Berg","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400291","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a national outbreak of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> complex type 755 (ct755) in Norway, with 74 cases identified between June 2021 and February 2023. Careful reviews of patient journals and interviews were performed, involving 33 hospitals throughout Norway. All available clinical isolates of <i>S. marcescens</i> collected between January 2021 and February 2023 (n = 455, including cases) from all involved hospitals were whole genome sequenced. Cases displayed a pattern of opportunistic infections, as usually observed with <i>S. marcescens</i>. No epidemiological links, common exposures or common risk factors were identified. The investigation pointed to an outbreak source present in the community. We suspect a nationally distributed product, possibly a food product, as the source. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a highly diverse bacterial population containing multiple distinct clusters. The outbreak cluster ct755 stands out as the largest and least diverse clone of a continuum, however a second cluster (ct281) also triggered a separate outbreak investigation. This report highlights challenges in the investigation of outbreaks caused by opportunistic pathogens and suggests that the presence of identical strains of <i>S. marcescens</i> in clinical samples is more common than previously recognised.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of catch-up and at-birth nirsevimab immunisation against RSV hospital admission in the first year of life: a population-based case-control study, Spain, 2023/24 season.","authors":"Olivier Núñez, Carmen Olmedo, David Moreno-Perez, Nicola Lorusso, Sergio Fernández Martínez, Pedro Eliseo Pastor Villalba, Ángeles Gutierrez, Marcos Alonso Garcia, Pello Latasa, Rosa Sancho, Jacobo Mendioroz, Montserrat Martinez-Marcos, Enriqueta Muñoz Platón, María Victoria García Rivera, Olaia Pérez-Martinez, Rosa Álvarez-Gil, Eva Rivas Wagner, Nieves López Gonzalez-Coviella, Matilde Zornoza, M Isabel Barranco, M Del Carmen Pacheco, Virginia Álvarez Río, Miguel Fiol Jaume, Roxana Morey Arance, Begoña Adiego Sancho, Manuel Mendez Diaz, Noa Batalla, Cristina Andreu, Jesús Castilla, Manuel García Cenoz, Ana Fernández Ibáñez, Marta Huerta Huerta, Ana Carmen Ibáñez Pérez, Belén Berradre Sáenz, Joaquín Lamas, Luisa Hermoso, Susana Casado Cobo, Manuel Galán Cuesta, Sara Montenegro, María Domínguez, Inmaculada Jarrín, Aurora Limia, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Susana Monge","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400596","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity in infants < 1 year. In October 2023, Spain recommended the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab to all children born since 1 April 2023, at birth or as catch-up if born before October 2023.AimWe estimated nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing RSV hospitalisations during the 2023/24 season.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population-based matched case-control study. Cases were children hospitalised for lower respiratory tract infection who were RSV PCR-positive. For each case, we selected four population density controls born in the same province and date (±2 days). We defined at-birth immunisation as receiving nirsevimab during the first 2 weeks of life, and catch-up immunisation within 30 days from campaign onset. Causal intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) effectiveness was estimated using inverse-probability-of-immunisation weighted conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe included 406 cases and 1,623 controls in catch-up and 546 cases and 2,182 controls in at-birth immunisation studies. Effectiveness in preventing RSV hospitalisations for catch-up immunisation was 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 65-76) by ITT and 80% (95% CI: 75-84) PP. Effectiveness for at-birth immunisation was 78% (95% CI: 73-82) by ITT and 83% (95% CI: 79-87) PP. Effectiveness was similar for ICU admission, need of mechanical ventilation, and RSV viral subgroups A and B. Children born pre-term or with birthweight < 2,500 g showed lower PP effectiveness of 60-70%.ConclusionsPopulation-level nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis in children in their first RSV season was very effective in preventing RSV hospitalisations, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, with reduced but still high effectiveness for pre-term and low-birthweight children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick-borne encephalitis: from tick surveillance to the first confirmed human cases, the United Kingdom, 2015 to 2023.","authors":"Helen Callaby, Kate R Beard, Dominic Wakerley, Mary Alexandra Lake, Jane Osborne, Kevin Brown, Nadina Wand, Jenny Warner, Maya Holding, Nicholas Ws Davies, Malcolm Proudfoot, Amanda Semper, Tim Brooks, Christina Petridou, Catherine F Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Clare E Warrell, N Claire Gordon","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400404","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus spread by ticks and can cause tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans. Previously, TBE has been reported in returning travellers in the United Kingdom (UK), but in 2019 and 2020, two probable cases of TBE acquired in the UK were identified.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate TBE cases in the UK between 2015 and 2023, describing the incidence, place and mode of acquisition and diagnostic process.MethodsA retrospective review of possible, probable and confirmed cases of TBE diagnosed by the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) between January 2015 and December 2023 was performed. For cases identified in 2022 and 2023, clinical data were collected for enhanced surveillance using structured case record forms. Laboratory diagnosis is reviewed and described.ResultsWe identified 21 cases: three possible, seven probable and 11 confirmed cases. Of these, 12 were between January 2022 and December 2023: three possible, three probable and six confirmed cases. Two confirmed TBE cases had definite or highly probable acquisition in the UK, in June and August 2022, respectively. One of the possible cases had definite UK acquisition. Cases typically have a biphasic presentation, with encephalitis in the second phase.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the possibility of TBE when the cause for encephalitis is not identified, even in the absence of travel to previously identified endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Eurosurveillance</i> reviewers in 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2501097","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2501097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human neuroinvasive Toscana virus infections in Italy from 2016 to 2023: Increased incidence in 2022 and 2023.","authors":"Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis, Elisa Di Maggio, Martina Del Manso, Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Daniele Petrone, Massimo Fabiani, Giulia Perego, Antonino Bella, Gioia Bongiorno, Ilaria Bernardini, Marco Di Luca, Giulietta Venturi, Claudia Fortuna, Stefania Giannitelli, Federica Ferraro, Francesco Maraglino, Patrizio Pezzotti, Anna Teresa Palamara, Flavia Riccardo","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.2.2400203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.2.2400203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundToscana virus (TOSV) is transmitted to humans through bites of infected sand flies. Neuroinvasive TOSV infections are leading causes of meningitis/encephalitis in southern Europe and notifiable in Italy since 2016. In 2022-23, Italy experienced extreme climate anomalies and a concomitant increase in mosquito and tick-borne disease transmission.AimTo identify the spatiotemporal distribution and risk groups of neuroinvasive TOSV infections in Italy in 2022-23 vs 2016-21.MethodsWe retrospectively described all autochthonous, laboratory-confirmed neuroinvasive TOSV cases notified to the national surveillance system in 2016-23 using frequencies, proportions, incidences and incidence risk ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs, stratified by year, sex, age, region/autonomous province (AP) of infection/exposure and infection/exposure municipality by urbanisation level.ResultsIn 2022-23, 276 cases were notified (average annual incidence: 2.34/1,000,000 population) vs 331 cases in 2016-21 (0.92/1,000,000), with increased incidence extending into September. In 2022-23, infections were acquired in 12/21 regions/APs, predominantly in Emilia Romagna (57.6%; 159/276) as in 2016-21, including four regions/APs with no local infections in 2016-21. Similar to 2016-21, during 2022-23 residence in rural municipalities (vs urban), male sex, working age (19-67 years) and age > 67 years (vs ≤ 18 years) were identified as risk factors with IRRs of 2.89 (95% CI: 2.01-4.17), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.66-2.84), 5.31 (95% CI: 2.81-10.0) and 5.06 (95% CI: 2.59-9.86), respectively.ConclusionItaly experienced a nearly 2.6-fold increase in neuroinvasive TOSV incidence in 2022-23 vs 2016-21. Raising public awareness on risk factors and personal protection measures may enhance prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim estimates of vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) during a delayed influenza season, Canada, 2024/25.","authors":"Lea Separovic, Yuping Zhan, Samantha E Kaweski, Suzana Sabaiduc, Sara Carazo, Romy Olsha, Richard G Mather, James A Dickinson, Maan Hasso, Isabelle Meunier, Agatha N Jassem, Nathan Zelyas, Ruimin Gao, Nathalie Bastien, Danuta M Skowronski","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) reports interim 2024/25 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against acute respiratory illness due to laboratory-confirmed influenza during a delayed season of predominant A(H1N1)pdm09 and lower A(H3N2) co-circulation. Through mid-January, the risk of outpatient illness due to influenza A is reduced by about half among vaccinated vs unvaccinated individuals. Adjusted VE is 53% (95% CI: 36-65) against A(H1N1)pdm09, comprised of clades 5a.2a and 5a.2a.1, and 54% (95% CI: 29-70) against A(H3N2), virtually all clade 2a.3a.1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of hantavirus disease caused by Puumala virus, Croatia, 2021.","authors":"Mari Rončević Filipović, Zlatko Trobonjača, Đurđica Cekinović Grbeša, Marinko Filipović, Melita Kukuljan, Ena Mršić, Vanja Tešić, Stela Živčić-Ćosić","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.3.2400127","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.3.2400127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2021, a large outbreak of hantavirus disease (HAVID) in Croatia with 334 notified cases coincided with a COVID-19 wave and included patients from areas previously not considered endemic, challenging HAVID recognition and patient management. We analysed clinical and epidemiological data on all 254 patients with HAVID treated in the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka (CHC Rijeka) between February and November 2021. Most patients (n = 246; 96.9%) had antibodies against Puumala virus, 212 (83.5%) were residents of endemic areas for HAVID, 93 (36.6%) reported occupational exposure and 86 (33.9%) had observed rodents or rodent excreta. Thirty-seven (14.6%) patients were not notified to the public health authorities. Most patients (n = 177; 69.7%) were male. The median age of the patients was 43 years (range: 17-79 years) in males and 54 years (range: 14-77 years) in females. More severe courses of disease were observed in males aged < 45 years than in older males and females of any age (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.21-4.24; p < 0.005). Measures to prevent exposure, early detection and notification of cases and close collaboration between primary and secondary healthcare teams with public health personnel are essential to improve surveillance and prevent hantavirus outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) in hospitals, Italy, September to December 2022.","authors":"Patrizia Spigaglia, Fabrizio Barbanti, Enrico Maria Criscuolo, Fortunato D'Ancona","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400206","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) is a severe infection that needs to be monitored. This infection predominantly occurs in hospitalised patients after antimicrobial treatment, with high mortality in elderly patients.AimWe aimed at estimating the incidence of CDI in Italian hospitals over 4 months in 2022.MethodsWe estimated incidences of hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI), community or unknown CDI (CA/UA-CDI), recurrent CDI and overall CDI in 25 Italian hospitals, characterised <i>C. difficile</i> isolates using PCR ribotyping, analysed them for toxin genes and susceptibility to antimicrobials.Results<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> was detected in 9.7% (655/6,722) of samples from 550 patients, 18 patients died of CDI. The mean overall CDI incidence was 5.0 cases per 10,000 patient days (range: 0.7-11.9). For HA-CDI, mean incidence was 3.7 (range: 0.7-9.2), for CA/UA-CDI 0.8 (range: 0.0-3.2) and for recurrent CDI 0.5 (range: 0.0-3.4). Most patients were female (n = 295; 53.6%), aged ≥ 65 years (n = 422; 76.7%) and previously hospitalised (n = 275; 50.0%). Of the 270 culturable isolates, 267 (98.9%) had toxin A and B genes and 51 (18.9%) the binary toxin genes. Of the 55 PCR ribotypes (RTs) identified, RT 018 (n = 56; 20.7%) and RT 607 (n = 23; 8.5%) were the most common, RT 607 in the northern (p < 0.0001) and RT 018 in the central (p < 0.0001) regions of Italy. Most isolates (n = 158; 58.5%) were antimicrobial-resistant and 119 (44.1%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR).ConclusionHighly virulent and MDR <i>C. difficile</i> types are circulating in Italian hospitals which highlights the need of robust surveillance and stringent prevention and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poliovirus detections in Europe - urgent action needed to keep Europe polio-free.","authors":"Pamela Rendi-Wagner, Hans Kluge","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500076","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterisation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H5N1/H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b, Hong Kong SAR, China, 2021 to 2024.","authors":"Wanying Sun, Ka Tim Choy, Ka Man Cheng, Christopher J Brackman, Samuel Ms Cheng, Thomas Hc Sit, Anne Cn Tse, Leslie D Sims, Haogao Gu, Amy Wy Tang, Andrew Nc Wong, Andrew Tl Tsang, Joe Ct Koo, Leo Lh Luk, Hui-Ling Yen, Malik Peris, Leo Lm Poon","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400839","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.1.2400839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We isolated three genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b from wild birds infected with H5N1 (n = 12) and H5N8 (n = 1) in Hong Kong SAR 2021-2024. Viruses from two spoonbills from late 2022 were genetically related to a virus from a human in China. Four tested viruses exhibited variable virulence in mice but were susceptible to approved antivirals. No neutralising antibody was detected in 63 age-stratified human sera, suggesting potential risk should the virus adapt to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}