Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Author's response: Viral load decline time offers theoretical insight rather than practical value.","authors":"Jakob Jonnerby, Ajit Lalvani","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2500155","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2500155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health inequalities in incidence of bacteraemias: a national surveillance and data linkage study, England, 2018 to 2022.","authors":"Andrea Mazzella, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Amelia Andrews, Andre Charlett, Colin S Brown, Russell Hope, Dimple Chudasama","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2400312","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2400312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHealth inequalities exist globally, but limited data exist on this topic for bacteraemia.AimIn this study we investigated health inequalities surrounding bacteraemia in England, to identify high-risk population groups and areas of intervention.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed English surveillance data between 2018 and 2022 for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i> species, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and both meticillin-sensitive and resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MSSA, MRSA) bacteraemia. Crude incidence rates stratified by index of multiple deprivation and ethnic groups were calculated; age-adjusted rate ratios were estimated using negative binomial regression models.ResultsWe identified 342,787 bacteraemia cases. Across all pathogens, as the level of deprivation rose, so did the age-adjusted bacteraemia incidence rate ratio. Compared with residents of the 20% least deprived areas of England, residents of the 20% most deprived areas had a 2.68-fold increased bacteraemia rate for MRSA (95% CI: 2.29-3.13) and 1.95-fold for <i>E. coli</i> (95% CI: 1.84-2.05), and 15% higher odds of dying within 30 days of any bacteraemia (95% CI: 1.13-1.19). After age adjustment, the incidence of all bacteraemia was higher in the Asian and Black groups compared with the White group: for MRSA, 79% higher in the Asian (95% CI: 1.51-2.10) and 59% higher in the Black (95% CI: 1.29-1.95) groups. The exception was MSSA, whose incidence was highest in the White group.ConclusionDisproportionately higher age-adjusted incidence of bacteraemia occurred in deprived areas and ethnic minorities. These disparities are likely multifactorial, possibly including socioeconomic, cultural, and systemic risk factors and different burden of comorbidities. Better understanding these factors can enable targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective case-case study investigation of a significant increase in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in England and Wales, August to September 2023.","authors":"Sarah V Williams, Eve Matthews, Thomas Inns, Christopher Roberts, Joshua Matizanadzo, Paul Cleary, Richard Elson, Chris J Williams, Reece Jarratt, Rachel M Chalmers, Roberto Vivancos","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2400493","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2400493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLaboratory surveillance detected an unprecedented increase in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. (predominantly <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>) in England and Wales in August 2023. Cases are not routinely followed up in all of England and Wales, and initial investigations identified no common exposures.AimTo perform a retrospective case-case study investigation of the increase in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in England and Wales.MethodsWe conducted an unmatched case-case study with 203 cases of laboratory-confirmed <i>C. hominis</i> and 614 comparator cases of laboratory-confirmed <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. reported between 14 August and 30 September 2023. We fitted a multilevel logistic regression model, with random intercepts for geographical region, to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for exposures. We present the final model as aOR and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsMultivariable analysis identified associations with swimming pool use (aOR: 5.3, 95% CI: 2.3-9.3), travel to Spain (aOR: 6.5, 95% CI: 3.5-12.3) and young age, with children 0-4 years having the strongest association of being a case (aOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5-8.6). We also identified associations with swimming in a river, and travel to France or Türkiye, but there was low frequency of exposure among cases and comparator cases.ConclusionsFollowing the largest recorded increase of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and in particular <i>C. hominis</i> cases in England and Wales, we identified several exposures, suggesting that causation was likely to be multifactorial. We recommend development of a standardised questionnaire to enable rapid investigation of future case increases, which will improve existing surveillance and inform public health actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Viral load decline time offers theoretical insight rather than practical value.","authors":"Nawfal R Hussein, Delovan S Mahfodh","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2500151","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2500151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case series of the first five human infections with monkeypox virus clade Ib and report on the public health response, United Kingdom, October to November 2024.","authors":"Muhammad Ibaad Alvi, Merav Kliner, William Welfare, N Claire Gordon, Sherine Thomas, Simon Padfield, Hannah E Emmett, Ellen Heinsbroek, Gareth J Hughes, Natalie Groves, Eileen Gallagher, Steven Pullan, Amy Belfield, Catherine F Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Geraldine O'Hara, Anne Tunbridge, Jake Dunning, Elizabeth Whittaker, Alejandra Alonso, Mike Beadsworth, Brendan Ai Payne, Meera Chand, Susan Hopkins, Gillian Armstrong","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500131","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report two importations of monkeypox virus clade Ib infection to the United Kingdom in 2024. The first was a traveller returning from Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda, the second from Uganda. Both presented with fever and typical skin lesions; 147 contacts were followed up, 19 vaccinated with MVA-BN. Three household contacts of the first individual, including two children, became infected. These are the first reported autochthonous transmissions of clade Ib in Europe, and first paediatric cases outside the African continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of a cat infected with European bat lyssavirus type 1, the Netherlands, October 2024.","authors":"Phaedra Eblé, Aldo Dekker, Sanne van den End, Vanessa Visser, Marc Engelsma, Frank Harders, Lucien van Keulen, Erik van Weezep, Melle Holwerda","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500154","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In October 2024, an infection of European bat lyssavirus type 1 was confirmed in a domestic cat in the Netherlands. Several weeks before, the owners had found a dead bat considered to be caught by the cat. Nine persons exposed to the cat received post-exposure prophylaxis and four domestic animals from the same household were quarantined. This report stresses the need for vigilance for rabies in domestic animals in countries where lyssavirus infections in bats are endemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations on susceptibility to monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs: a non-systematic review, April 2022 to October 2024.","authors":"Maja Vukovikj, Angeliki Melidou, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Tanja Normark, Annette Kraus, Eeva K Broberg","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400252","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiviral drugs have emerged as additional tools for treatment of COVID-19.AimWe aimed to review data on susceptibility of 14 SARS-CoV-2 variants to mAbs and antiviral drugs authorised in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.MethodsWe constructed a literature review compiling 298 publications from four databases: PubMed, Science Direct, LitCovid and BioRxiv/MedRxiv preprint servers. We included publications on nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, remdesivir and tixagevimab and cilgavimab, regdanvimab, casirivimab and imdevimab, and sotrovimab approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) by 1 October 2024.ResultsThe mutations identified in the open reading frame (ORF)1ab, specifically nsp5:H172Y, nsp5:H172Y and Q189E, nsp5:L50F and E166V and nsp5:L50F, E166A and L167V, led to a decrease in susceptibility to nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, ranging from moderate (25-99) to high reductions (> 100). Casirivimab and imdevimab exhibited highly reduced neutralisation capacity across all Omicron sub-lineages. Sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 had decreased susceptibility to regdanvimab, while sotrovimab showed decreased efficacy for BA.2, BA.4, BQ.1.1 and BA.2.86. Tixagevimab and cilgavimab exhibited highly reduced neutralisation activity against BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 sub-lineages.ConclusionsThe emergence of new variants, some with altered antigenic characteristics, may lead to resistance against mAbs and/or antiviral drugs and evasion of immunity induced naturally or by vaccination. This summary of mutations, combination of mutations and SARS-CoV-2 variants linked to reduced susceptibility to mAbs and antiviral drugs, should aid the selection of appropriate treatment strategies and/or phasing out therapies that have lost their effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus in a population-based cohort of older adults in Spain, 2016/17 to 2019/20.","authors":"Noelia Vera-Punzano, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Ana Navascués, Aitziber Echeverria, Itziar Casado, Carmen Ezpeleta, Jesús Castilla, Iván Martínez-Baz","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400364","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-species prevalence and clinical impact of evolving SARS-CoV-2 lineages in European COVID-19 cohorts, January 2020 to February 2022.","authors":"Matilda Berkell, Anna Górska, Mathias Smet, Delphine Bachelet, Elisa Gentilotti, Mariana Guedes, Anna Maria Franco-Yusti, Fulvia Mazzaferri, Erley Lizarazo Forero, Veerle Matheeussen, Benoit Visseaux, Zaira R Palacios-Baena, Natascia Caroccia, Aline-Marie Florence, Charlotte Charpentier, Coretta van Leer, Maddalena Giannella, Alex W Friedrich, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Jade Ghosn, Samir Kumar-Singh, Cedric Laouénan, Evelina Tacconelli, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400038","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundEvolution of SARS-CoV-2 is continuous.AimBetween 01/2020 and 02/2022, we studied SARS-CoV-2 variant epidemiology, evolution and association with COVID-19 severity.MethodsIn nasopharyngeal swabs of COVID-19 patients (n = 1,762) from France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands, SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and whole-genome sequencing, and the virus variant/lineage (NextStrain/Pangolin) was determined. Patients' demographic and clinical details were recorded. Associations between mild/moderate or severe COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 variants and patient characteristics were assessed by logistic regression. Rates and genomic locations of mutations, as well as quasi-species distribution (≥ 2 heterogeneous positions, ≥ 50× coverage) were estimated based on 1,332 high-quality sequences.ResultsOverall, 11 SARS-CoV-2 clades infected 1,762 study patients of median age 59 years (interquartile range (IQR): 45-73), with 52.5% (n = 925) being male. In total, 101 non-synonymous substitutions/insertions correlated with disease prognosis (severe, n = 27; mild-to-moderate, n = 74). Several hotspots (mutation rates ≥ 85%) occurred in Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs) but none in pre-Alpha strains. Four hotspots were retained across all study variants, including spike:D614G. Average number of mutations per open-reading-frame (ORF) increased in the spike gene (average < 5 per genome in January 2020 to > 15 in 2022), but remained stable in ORF1ab, membrane, and nucleocapsid genes. Quasi-species were most prevalent in 20A/EU2 (48.9%), 20E/EU1 (48.6%), 20A (38.8%), and 21K/Omicron (36.1%) infections. Immunocompromised status and age (≥ 60 years), while associated with severe COVID-19 or death irrespective of variant (odds ratio (OR): 1.60-2.25; p ≤ 0.014), did not affect quasi-species' prevalence (p > 0.05).ConclusionSpecific mutations correlate with COVID-19 severity. Quasi-species potentially shaping VOCs' emergence are relevant to consider.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infants needed to immunise with nirsevimab to prevent one RSV hospitalisation, Spain, 2023/24 season.","authors":"Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Olivier Núñez, Susana Monge","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2500040","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2500040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using real-life data from Spain between October 2023 and March 2024, the number needed to immunise (NNI) with nirsevimab and the cost to prevent one RSV hospitalisation were estimated at 90 infants (95% CI: 77-108) and 19,700 EUR for catch-up immunisation, and 41 infants (95% CI: 35-50) and 9,000 EUR for at-birth immunisation. By month of birth, NNI and cost were lowest in infants born shortly before the RSV epidemic peak, with impact decreasing gradually for earlier or later births.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}