Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Non-invasive <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infections are associated with different serotypes than invasive infections, Belgium, 2020 to 2023.","authors":"Ioannis Passaris, Stéphanie Depickère, Toon Braeye, Marina Mukovnikova, Alexandra Vodolazkaia, Chloé Abels, Lize Cuypers, Stefanie Desmet, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400108","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDespite widely implemented pneumococcal vaccination programmes, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> remains a global risk for human health. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> can cause invasive (IPD) or non-invasive pneumococcal disease (NIPD). Surveillance is mainly focusing on IPD, assessing the full impact of pneumococcal vaccination programmes on pneumococcal disease is challenging.AimWe aimed to prospectively investigate serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> isolates from patients with NIPD and compare with data on IPD isolates and with a 2007-2008 dataset on NIPD.MethodsBetween September 2020 and April 2023, we collected isolates and patient data from patients with NIPD from 23 clinical laboratories in Belgium. Capsular typing was performed by a validated Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopic method, and AMR was assessed with broth microdilution, using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoints.ResultsWe received <i>S. pneumoniae</i> isolates from 1,008 patients with lower respiratory tract infections (n = 760), otitis media (n = 190) and sinusitis (n = 58). Serotype 3 was the most prevalent serotype among the NIPD isolates. Serotypes not included in the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) were significantly more common among the NIPD than among the IPD isolates. Antimicrobial resistance levels were significantly higher among the NIPD isolates (n = 539; 2020-2022) compared with the IPD isolates (n = 2,344; 2021-2022). Resistance to several β-lactam antimicrobials had increased significantly compared with 15 years before.ConclusionsThe NIPD isolates were strongly associated with non-vaccine serotypes and with increased AMR levels. This underlines the importance of continued NIPD surveillance for informed policy making on vaccination programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting thresholds to determine COVID-19 activity levels using the mean standard deviation (MSD) method, England, 2022-2024.","authors":"Mary A Sinnathamby, Tania Bourouphael, Jacob Boateng, Magali Collonnaz, Catherine Quinot, Nurin Abdul Aziz, Suzanne Elgohari, Rebecca E Green, Gavin Dabrera, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Alex Allen","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400696","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed a new activity level setting threshold method, the mean standard deviation (MSD) method to quantify COVID-19 activity levels. This has been validated against the moving epidemic method (MEM), which has been used for influenza for many years, and we observed very similar results. The MSD method can prove to be a tool to use for respiratory viruses with limited historical data or seasonality to quantify activity levels when other respiratory viruses are also circulating.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Escherichia coli</i> from six European countries reveals differences in profile and distribution of critical antimicrobial resistance determinants within One Health compartments, 2013 to 2020.","authors":"Håkon P Kaspersen, Michael Sm Brouwer, Javier Nunez-Garcia, Ingrid Cárdenas-Rey, Manal AbuOun, Nicholas Duggett, Nicholas Ellaby, Jose Delgado-Blas, Jens A Hammerl, Maria Getino, Carlos Serna, Thierry Naas, Kees T Veldman, Alex Bossers, Marianne Sunde, Solveig S Mo, Silje B Jørgensen, Matthew Ellington, Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn, Roberto La Ragione, Philippe Glaser, Muna F Anjum","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.47.2400295","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.47.2400295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. Monitoring using an integrated One Health approach is essential to detect changes in AMR occurrence.AimWe aimed to detect AMR genes in pathogenic and commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> collected 2013-2020 within monitoring programmes and research from food animals, food (fresh retail raw meat) and humans in six European countries, to compare vertical and horizontal transmission.MethodsWe whole genome sequenced (WGS) 3,745 <i>E. coli</i> isolates<b>,</b> detected AMR genes using ResFinder and performed phylogenetic analysis to determine isolate relatedness and transmission. A BLASTn-based bioinformatic method compared draft IncI1 genomes to conserved plasmid references from Europe.ResultsResistance genes to medically important antimicrobials (MIA) such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) were widespread but predicted resistance to MIAs authorised for human use (carbapenem, tigecycline) was detected only in two human and three cattle isolates. Phylogenetic analysis clustered <i>E. coli</i> according to phylogroups; commensal animal isolates showed greater diversity than those from human patients. Only 18 vertical animal-food and human-animal transmission events of <i>E. coli</i> clones were detected. However, IncI1 plasmids from different sources and/or countries carrying resistance to ESCs were conserved and widely distributed, although these variants were rarely detected in human pathogens.ConclusionUsing WGS we demonstrated AMR is driven vertically and horizontally. Human clinical isolates were more closely related, but their IncI1 plasmids were more diverse, while animal or food isolates were less similar with more conserved IncI1 plasmids. These differences likely arose from variations in selective pressure, influencing AMR evolution and transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> ST131 carrying carbapenemase genes, European Union/European Economic Area, August 2012 to May 2024.","authors":"Anke Kohlenberg, Olov Svartström, Petra Apfalter, Rainer Hartl, Pierre Bogaerts, Te-Din Huang, Katerina Chudejova, Lucia Malisova, Jessica Eisfeld, Mirco Sandfort, Anette M Hammerum, Louise Roer, Kati Räisänen, Laurent Dortet, Rémy A Bonnin, Ákos Tóth, Kinga Tóth, Christina Clarke, Martin Cormican, Algirdas Griškevičius, Kirstin Khonyongwa, Marie Meo, Baiba Niedre-Otomere, Reinis Vangravs, Antoni Pa Hendrickx, Daan W Notermans, Ørjan Samuelsen, Manuela Caniça, Vera Manageiro, Vilhelm Müller, Barbro Mäkitalo, Urška Kramar, Mateja Pirs, Daniel Palm, Dominique L Monnet, Erik Alm, Marius Linkevicius","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.47.2400727","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.47.2400727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analysis of 594 isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> sequence type (ST)131 and its single locus variants carrying carbapenemase genes from 17 European Union/European Economic Area countries revealed acquisition of 18 carbapenemase variants, mainly in ST131 clades A and C. Most frequent were <i>bla</i> _OXA-244 (n = 230) and <i>bla</i> _OXA-48 (n = 224), detected in 14 and 12 countries, respectively. Isolates carrying <i>bla</i> _OXA-244 have increased rapidly since 2021. The increasing detection of carbapenemase genes in the <i>E. coli</i> high-risk lineage ST131 is a public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-disappearance scenarios: policy implications following the potential disappearance of B/Yamagata lineage influenza viruses.","authors":"Marco Del Riccio, Marta C Nunes, Benjamin J Cowling, Bruno Lina, John W McCauley, Adam Meijer, Hanna Nohynek, Bronke Boudewijns, Saverio Caini","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400196","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and related preventive measures reduced influenza virus circulation, notably causing the disappearance of the B/Yamagata lineage of influenza viruses. In this Perspective, we discuss the implications that this development may have for global influenza epidemiology, and the adjustments that may need to be implemented concerning surveillance strategies and practices, laboratory safety protocols, and influenza vaccine formulations. The disappearance of the B/Yamagata lineage might indeed alter the dynamics of the influenza disease burden (although in a way that is difficult to predict at the moment), and associated diagnostic practices, and may also necessitate updated biosafety levels and revised influenza surveillance strategies. Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended in September 2023 the exclusion of B/Yamagata antigens from future vaccines, with a shift towards trivalent vaccines or modified quadrivalent vaccines; this new scenario underscores the importance of robust global respiratory virus surveillance, effective communication with healthcare professionals and the population to maintain trust in vaccines, and a collaborative approach among health policymakers and vaccine manufacturers to navigate this epidemiological change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring hospital antibiotic consumption in EU/EEA countries: comparison of different metrics, 2017 to 2021.","authors":"Igor Rubinić, Vivian H Leung, Liselotte Diaz Högberg, Dominique L Monnet, Vera Vlahović-Palčevski","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.46.2400317","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.46.2400317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a considerable public health threat, with data-driven stewardship a main prevention measure. While quantifying antibiotic consumption is a key component of antibiotic stewardship programmes, the choice of denominator for calculating this metric can impact comparative analyses and trend evaluations substantially, influencing targeted stewardship interventions.AimWe aim to evaluate how using hospital sector-specific antibiotic consumption rate denominators at country level impacts country rankings and trends, addressing the limitations of the commonly used 'defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day' metric.MethodsHospital antibiotic consumption data from ESAC-Net and denominator data from Eurostat ('inhabitants,' 'bed-days' and 'discharges') for 2017-2021 were used to calculate hospital antibiotic consumption rates for 24 reporting European Union/ European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Countries were ranked by their consumption rates and trends were analysed to assess the effects of using different denominators.ResultsCountry rankings and 5-year trend analyses varied depending on the denominator used. Antibiotic consumption rates were more similar when using hospital activity-based denominators 'bed-days' and 'discharges' compared with the population-based 'inhabitants' denominator. Differences in country rankings and trends were also seen among rates derived using 'bed-days' and 'discharges'.ConclusionThe study underscores the importance of using hospital activity-based denominators such as 'bed-days' and 'discharges' when evaluating hospital antibiotic consumption. ESAC-Net's historical reliance on only 'DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day' is challenged, advocating for the use of multiple hospital activity-based denominators. Corresponding hospital activity denominators for ESAC-Net data will more effectively inform national hospital antibiotic stewardship interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should all hospitalised patients colonised with <i>Candida auris</i> be considered for isolation?","authors":"Eelco Fj Meijer, Andreas Voss","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400729","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.45.2400729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Marche Region, Central Italy, August to October 2024.","authors":"Chiara Sacco, Augusto Liverani, Giulietta Venturi, Stefano Gavaudan, Flavia Riccardo, Giovanna Salvoni, Claudia Fortuna, Katia Marinelli, Giulia Marsili, Alessia Pesaresi, Carla Molina Grané, Irene Mercuri, Mattia Manica, Sara Caucci, Daniela Morelli, Lolita Sebastianelli, Maurilia Marcacci, Federica Ferraro, Marco Di Luca, Ilaria Pascucci, Christina Merakou, Anna Duranti, Ilaria Pati, Letizia Lombardini, Daniel Fiacchini, Giorgio Filipponi, Francesco Maraglino, Anna Teresa Palamara, Piero Poletti, Patrizio Pezzotti, Fabio Filippetti, Stefano Merler, Martina Del Manso, Stefano Menzo","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.47.2400713","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.47.2400713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between August and 28 October 2024, 199 autochthonous cases of dengue virus serotype 2 were notified in the city of Fano, central Italy. We describe the ongoing epidemiological and microbiological investigation and public health measures implemented to contain the outbreak. The high transmissibility and the extension of the outbreak suggest that dengue should be expected in temperate regions during favourable seasons, highlighting the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers and the public to ensure timely detection and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multinational investigation of a <i>Salmonella</i> Umbilo outbreak reveals rocket salad and baby spinach as the likely infection vehicles, Europe, 2024.","authors":"Bettina M Rosner, Sandra Simon, Stine Nielsen, Sandra Köberl-Jelovcan, Pernille Gymoese, Dirk Werber, Anika Meinen, Michael Pietsch, Antje Flieger, Jennie Fischer, Marina C Lamparter, Felix Küffel, Fiona Költringer, Christian Kornschober, Luise Müller, Gerhard Falkenhorst, Sabine Maritschnik","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.46.2400728","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.46.2400728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A food-borne outbreak with about 200 <i>Salmonella</i> Umbilo cases occurred mainly between July and September 2024 in several European countries. Collaborative work between outbreak teams in Germany, Austria and Denmark, including epidemiological and microbiological investigations, allowed to rapidly identify rocket salad as the likely infection vehicle. <i>Salmonella</i> Umbilo was detected in rocket salad, and later in baby spinach. The food isolates and clinical outbreak strain were genetically closely related. Both food items originated from the same company in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of the German public health service to the first imported mpox clade Ib case in Germany, October 2024.","authors":"Rosanne de Jong, Jennifer Schauer, Annelene Kossow, Sibylle Scharkus, Annette Jurke","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.28.2400743","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.28.2400743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In October 2024, the first imported mpox clade Ib case was confirmed in Germany in an individual in their thirties returning from Rwanda. In this report we summarise the response from the public health service in North Rhine-Westphalia related to case management, contact tracing and institutional collaborations. Our findings highlight the importance of a coordinated public health response in the management of imported mpox cases and in preventing the transmission of mpox clade Ib in Germany and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"29 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}