Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective case-case study investigation of a significant increase in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in England and Wales, August to September 2023.","authors":"Sarah V Williams, Eve Matthews, Thomas Inns, Christopher Roberts, Joshua Matizanadzo, Paul Cleary, Richard Elson, Chris J Williams, Reece Jarratt, Rachel M Chalmers, Roberto Vivancos","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2400493","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2400493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLaboratory surveillance detected an unprecedented increase in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. (predominantly <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>) in England and Wales in August 2023. Cases are not routinely followed up in all of England and Wales, and initial investigations identified no common exposures.AimTo perform a retrospective case-case study investigation of the increase in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in England and Wales.MethodsWe conducted an unmatched case-case study with 203 cases of laboratory-confirmed <i>C. hominis</i> and 614 comparator cases of laboratory-confirmed <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. reported between 14 August and 30 September 2023. We fitted a multilevel logistic regression model, with random intercepts for geographical region, to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for exposures. We present the final model as aOR and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsMultivariable analysis identified associations with swimming pool use (aOR: 5.3, 95% CI: 2.3-9.3), travel to Spain (aOR: 6.5, 95% CI: 3.5-12.3) and young age, with children 0-4 years having the strongest association of being a case (aOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5-8.6). We also identified associations with swimming in a river, and travel to France or Türkiye, but there was low frequency of exposure among cases and comparator cases.ConclusionsFollowing the largest recorded increase of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and in particular <i>C. hominis</i> cases in England and Wales, we identified several exposures, suggesting that causation was likely to be multifactorial. We recommend development of a standardised questionnaire to enable rapid investigation of future case increases, which will improve existing surveillance and inform public health actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Viral load decline time offers theoretical insight rather than practical value.","authors":"Nawfal R Hussein, Delovan S Mahfodh","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2500151","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.9.2500151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> nosocomial bacteraemia in neonatal intensive care units, France, 2019 to 2023: predominance of the ST29 (CC3) multidrug-resistant lineage.","authors":"Patricia Martins Simões, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Benjamin Youenou, Anne-Gaelle Ranc, Céline Dupieux-Chabert, Guillaume Menard, Clarisse Dupin, Marine Butin, François Vandenesch, Frédéric Laurent, Anne Berger-Carbonne, Camille Kolenda, Anne Tristan","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.2400309","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.2400309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background<i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> (SH) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections, particularly bacteraemia in neonates. Epidemiological trends and genetic diversity of these infections worldwide are largely unknown.AimTo investigate an increase in SH vascular catheter-related bacteraemia in neonates and describe the molecular epidemiology in France between 2019 and 2023.MethodsWe analysed clinical and microbiological surveillance data from the French national surveillance network for central catheter-related (venous and umbilical) infections between 2019 and 2023. We also performed genomic and phylogenetic analyses of 496 strains isolated both inside (n = 383 from neonates, staff and environmental samples) and outside (n = 113 from adults) the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) settings.ResultsThe proportion of SH among the 474 reported cases of nosocomial bacteraemia increased from about 20% to 30% over 5 years, mainly affecting very low birth weight preterm neonates (≤ 1,500 g). The ST29 sequence type (ST) not prevalent in previous studies was predominant, accounting for 74% of NICU strains. ST29 was characterised by phenotypic multidrug resistance to at least six classes of antibiotics (oxacillin, quinolones, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin and rifampicin), which distinguished it with good sensitivity and specificity from other prevalent multidrug-resistant STs identified (ST1 and ST25). ST29 strains more frequently harboured the <i>drfG</i>, <i>vga-LC</i> and <i>mupA</i> genes and a triple point mutation (D471E, I527M and S532N) in the <i>rpoB</i> gene.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the success of a highly resistant ST29 lineage in French NICUs mainly affecting very low birth weight premature neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023.","authors":"Xue Shang, Ruhao Zhang, Junyao Zheng, Yi Luo, Kangle Guo, Qingqing Zhou, Xu Guang, Ning Zhang, Hao Xue, Haidong Wang, Chunfu Yang, Zhen Zhang, Bin Zhu","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.2400375","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.2400375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAmbient temperature may affect respiratory health, while the temperature sensitivity of respiratory infections may be pathogen-dependent.AimsWe sought to explore pathogen-specific associations between ambient temperature and respiratory infections.MethodsWe searched nine databases for a random-effects meta-analysis to pool the relative risk (RR) of respiratory infection by pathogen per 1° C temperature rise, compared to populations unexposed to the same temperature. We conducted pathogen-specific analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression.ResultsA total of 137 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled and single-study estimates revealed that the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RR = 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.23), influenza virus (IV) (RR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27-0.61), human metapneumovirus (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32-0.73), human coronavirus (HCoV) (RR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.61) and SARS-CoV-2 (RR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35-0.78) decreased per 1° C temperature rise, while that of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) (RR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.46-3.77), human bocavirus (HBoV) (RR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.04-3.32) and MERS-CoV (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04-1.07) increased. The risk of infection was lower for IVA, IVB, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, while HPIV-3, and HBoV-1 were at increased risk. The risk of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> pharyngitis (RR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.69) decreased per 1° C temperature rise, while <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05) and <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> infections (RR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.11-6.53) increased.ConclusionsTemperature sensitivity of respiratory infections can vary with the specific pathogen type and subtype that causes the infection. As the climatic conditions will become warmer, public health policy makers should act to develop pathogen adaptation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case series of the first five human infections with monkeypox virus clade Ib and report on the public health response, United Kingdom, October to November 2024.","authors":"Muhammad Ibaad Alvi, Merav Kliner, William Welfare, N Claire Gordon, Sherine Thomas, Simon Padfield, Hannah E Emmett, Ellen Heinsbroek, Gareth J Hughes, Natalie Groves, Eileen Gallagher, Steven Pullan, Amy Belfield, Catherine F Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Geraldine O'Hara, Anne Tunbridge, Jake Dunning, Elizabeth Whittaker, Alejandra Alonso, Mike Beadsworth, Brendan Ai Payne, Meera Chand, Susan Hopkins, Gillian Armstrong","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500131","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report two importations of monkeypox virus clade Ib infection to the United Kingdom in 2024. The first was a traveller returning from Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda, the second from Uganda. Both presented with fever and typical skin lesions; 147 contacts were followed up, 19 vaccinated with MVA-BN. Three household contacts of the first individual, including two children, became infected. These are the first reported autochthonous transmissions of clade Ib in Europe, and first paediatric cases outside the African continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of a cat infected with European bat lyssavirus type 1, the Netherlands, October 2024.","authors":"Phaedra Eblé, Aldo Dekker, Sanne van den End, Vanessa Visser, Marc Engelsma, Frank Harders, Lucien van Keulen, Erik van Weezep, Melle Holwerda","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500154","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2500154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In October 2024, an infection of European bat lyssavirus type 1 was confirmed in a domestic cat in the Netherlands. Several weeks before, the owners had found a dead bat considered to be caught by the cat. Nine persons exposed to the cat received post-exposure prophylaxis and four domestic animals from the same household were quarantined. This report stresses the need for vigilance for rabies in domestic animals in countries where lyssavirus infections in bats are endemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National survey of the rat hepatitis E virus in rodents in Spain, 2022 to 2023.","authors":"Javier Caballero-Gómez, Tomás Fajardo-Alonso, Lucía Ríos-Muñoz, Adrián Beato-Benítez, María Casares-Jiménez, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Raúl Cuadrado-Matías, Alba Martí-Marco, Javier Martínez, Remigio Martínez, Eva Martínez Nevado, Francisco Ruiz-Fons, João Rodrigo Mesquita, Màrius Fuentes, Diana Corona-Mata, Moisés Gonzálvez, Víctor Lizana, Pilar Soriano, Pilar Foronda, Dietmar Crailsheim, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Antonio Rivero","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.12.2400473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.12.2400473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundRat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV) is an emerging virus causing acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. Rats are the main natural reservoir of this pathogen. Large-scale studies assessing ratHEV circulation in rodents in Spain are lacking.AimWe aimed to determine the prevalence of ratHEV in rats in Spain and evaluate potential transmission risk to humans.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional nationwide study where black (<i>Rattus rattus</i>) and Norway (<i>R. norvegicus</i>) rats were collected and analysed between 2022 and 2023 for ratHEV infection using real-time (RT)-qPCR testing of liver tissue. Sequencing and analysis of ratHEV shedding in faeces were carried out in positive animals.ResultsRatHEV was detected in 125 of the 481 rats analysed, supposing a prevalence of 26.0% (95 CI%: 22.3-30.1). Positive rats were found in urban (25.6%), and farm (29.8%) settings. Black rats (31.3%) had 1.5 times higher odds of being infected by the virus than Norway rats (22.5%) (p = 0.049). Significantly higher prevalence of ratHEV was detected in rodents sampled from southern (31.9%) than northern (17.8%) Spain (p = 0.003). Viral RNA was detected in faeces from 45.5% of infected rats. Phylogenetic analysis evidenced a wide genetic diversity of ratHEV sequences, some showing high homology with ratHEV strains found in patients from Spain.ConclusionsCirculation of ratHEV appears to be heterogeneous and the virus appears to be endemic among rat populations in Spain, highlighting the possible risk of zoonotic transmission of this emerging virus in this country.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations on susceptibility to monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs: a non-systematic review, April 2022 to October 2024.","authors":"Maja Vukovikj, Angeliki Melidou, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Tanja Normark, Annette Kraus, Eeva K Broberg","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400252","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiviral drugs have emerged as additional tools for treatment of COVID-19.AimWe aimed to review data on susceptibility of 14 SARS-CoV-2 variants to mAbs and antiviral drugs authorised in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.MethodsWe constructed a literature review compiling 298 publications from four databases: PubMed, Science Direct, LitCovid and BioRxiv/MedRxiv preprint servers. We included publications on nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, remdesivir and tixagevimab and cilgavimab, regdanvimab, casirivimab and imdevimab, and sotrovimab approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) by 1 October 2024.ResultsThe mutations identified in the open reading frame (ORF)1ab, specifically nsp5:H172Y, nsp5:H172Y and Q189E, nsp5:L50F and E166V and nsp5:L50F, E166A and L167V, led to a decrease in susceptibility to nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, ranging from moderate (25-99) to high reductions (> 100). Casirivimab and imdevimab exhibited highly reduced neutralisation capacity across all Omicron sub-lineages. Sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 had decreased susceptibility to regdanvimab, while sotrovimab showed decreased efficacy for BA.2, BA.4, BQ.1.1 and BA.2.86. Tixagevimab and cilgavimab exhibited highly reduced neutralisation activity against BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 sub-lineages.ConclusionsThe emergence of new variants, some with altered antigenic characteristics, may lead to resistance against mAbs and/or antiviral drugs and evasion of immunity induced naturally or by vaccination. This summary of mutations, combination of mutations and SARS-CoV-2 variants linked to reduced susceptibility to mAbs and antiviral drugs, should aid the selection of appropriate treatment strategies and/or phasing out therapies that have lost their effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus in a population-based cohort of older adults in Spain, 2016/17 to 2019/20.","authors":"Noelia Vera-Punzano, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Ana Navascués, Aitziber Echeverria, Itziar Casado, Carmen Ezpeleta, Jesús Castilla, Iván Martínez-Baz","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400364","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.10.2400364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for Euro Surveill. 2025;30(7).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.240320c","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.240320c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}