Eurosurveillance最新文献

{"title":"Job vacancy at ECDC: Chief Scientist / Head of Unit Scientific Evidence and Communication.","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.35.202609037","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.35.202609037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors driving increases in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection rates in England: a national case-control study, 2019 to 2024.","authors":"Tim Whiteley, Andre Charlett, Dimple Chudasama, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Russell Hope, Laura Fellowes, Dakshika Jeyaratnam, Rebecca Oettle, Julie V Robotham, Charlotte Stevens, James Stimson, Thomas Inns, Stephanie Evans","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.37.2500888","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.37.2500888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDNumbers of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDI) in England have risen since 2021, but for unclear reasons.AIMThis study's objective was to understand factors driving CDI increases, and their relative impact.METHODSWe conducted a case-control study in England from 2019/20 to 2023/24, with CDI case data linked to hospitalisation episodes. Controls were non-CDI related hospitalisation episodes. A logistic regression model estimated odds ratios (ORs) for primary care prescribing, comorbidities, demographic factors, region and testing rates. To assess temporal changes, the model was fitted to 2019/20 data to predict, from 2020/21 onwards, case numbers, which were compared to observations. The relative contribution of factors to the model performance was evaluated by their stepwise inclusion into it, starting from a baseline considering hospitalisation numbers. Prediction improvements were assessed after each incorporation.RESULTSThe strongest CDI risk factors were prescriptions (e.g. OR for clindamycin: 5.22; p < 0.001), comorbidities (OR: 1.17; p < 0.001), and age (OR: 1.03; p < 0.001). All ethnicities except White negatively associated with CDIs. Among regions, the North West and Yorkshire and Humber had the highest ORs (1.17 and 1.15 respectively; p < 0.001). Demographic changes and antibiotic use explained 12.6% of the difference between observed cases in 2023/24 and our baseline model whereas including comorbidities and testing rates explained 65.3%.CONCLUSIONIncreases in overall hospital admissions, comorbidities and testing largely explained rising case numbers, which also stemmed from an ageing population, demographic changes and more primary care antibiotic prescribing<b>.</b> Nevertheless, these factors did not fully account for observed increases, so further determinants should be sought.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First year of ongoing invasive <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b outbreak among middle-aged people who use drugs and people who experience homelessness in Hamburg, Germany, September 2024 to August 2025.","authors":"Silja Bühler, Vanessa Piechotta, Martin Noldt, Christine-Maria Hartog, Caroline Peine, Cornelius Rau, Claudia Siffczyk, Katja Kajikhina, Ole Wichmann, Iris Meier, Maja V Nielsen, Melanie Lang, Amra Arif, Emma Edel, Jennifer Gabbert, Claudia Ruscher, Alexandra von Reiswitz, Jenny Schreiber, Somayyeh Sedaghatjoo, Silver A Wolf, Torsten Semmler, Heike Claus, Viktoria Schönfeld, Thiên-Trí Lâm","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.35.2600134","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.35.2600134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report an ongoing outbreak of invasive <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b (Hib) disease among people who use drugs (PWUD) and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Hamburg, Germany. Between 1 September 2024 and 31 August 2025, 20 adult Hib cases were reported. The cases were either residents of Hamburg (16/20) or stayed in Hamburg during the exposure period (4/20). Whole genome sequencing identified a link between 18 cases (median age 50 years (range 26-77); six female, 12 male, three died). An epidemiological link (i.e. drug consumption in the open drug scene) could be established for 15 of the 18 cases. Control measures included post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for close contacts (n = 4), vaccination offers (n = 69 doses administered by 31 August 2025) and an information campaign targeting PWUD, PEH and staff members of addiction support centres. We describe the first Hib outbreak among adults in Europe and document drug use and homelessness as suspected risk factors. Based on these findings, national vaccination recommendations issued by the Standing Committee on Vaccination in Germany (STIKO) were updated to include vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations in outbreak settings for PWUD and PEH. Control measures are currently being evaluated and expanded.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in congenital syphilis in the European Union and European Economic Area, 2015 to 2024 - time to scale-up public health responses.","authors":"Otilia Mårdh, Disa Hansson, Katja Siling, Lina Nerlander, Csaba Ködmön","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.38.2600240","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.38.2600240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDCongenital syphilis (CS) is under routine surveillance in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). In 2024, notifications reached their highest level in a decade, coinciding with rising syphilis among women.AIMWe describe CS cases in 2024, trends from 2015 to 2024, associations between CS rates and syphilis among women of reproductive age, and public health implications.METHODSConfirmed CS cases and syphilis notifications in 15-44-year-old women reported by EU/EEA countries between 2015 and 2024 were extracted from EpiPulse. For CS cases in 2024, we described key demographics and outcome (alive/deceased). Country-specific CS and syphilis rates per 100,000 were calculated using Eurostat denominators. We assessed associations between CS and syphilis in women using quasi-Poisson regression adjusting for population size and year.RESULTSIn 2024, 28 EU/EEA countries reported 140 confirmed CS cases, Bulgaria, Hungary and Portugal accounting for 62% (87/140). Most cases were diagnosed neonatally (86/99; 87%), and 11 of 58 were deceased. From 2015 to 2024, CS rates increased from 1.3 to 5.2 per 100,000 live births (23 countries) and syphilis rates among women aged 15-44 years from 1.9 to 5.3 per 100,000 (22 countries). Regression analyses showed significant positive associations between syphilis in women and CS rates in Germany and Hungary, whereas CS increases in Romania and Slovakia remained after adjustment for syphilis among women.CONCLUSIONThe CS increase highlights prevention gaps. Strengthened surveillance, national audits of antenatal screening pathways, and testing policies adapted to evolving epidemiology are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of cryptosporidiosis: a shift in circulating <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i> subtypes, the Netherlands, 2016 to 2024.","authors":"Thomas J Roodsant, Sietze Brandes, Alewijn Ott, Ingrid Hm Friesema, Roan Pijnacker, Jorrit J Hofstra","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.36.2600037","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.36.2600037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDProtozoan parasites <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. are important causes of gastrointestinal disease. They can cause large outbreaks. In the Netherlands, cryptosporidiosis is not notifiable, and monitoring relies on voluntary laboratory reporting.AIMWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in the Netherlands from 2016 to 2024 and investigate associations with subtype and meteorological variables.METHODSThree medical microbiology laboratories submitted faecal or DNA samples from patients with laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis, with information about age and sex, for species identification and optional <i>gp60</i> subtyping. Associations between numbers of infected patients and <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species, <i>gp60</i> subtype, temperature and precipitation were analysed.RESULTSIn 2016-2024, 2,500 patients had laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis, with a marked peak in 2023 (n = 622) caused by <i>C. hominis</i>. The lowest number of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infections was recorded in 2021 (n = 61), with no <i>C. hominis</i>. Among all age groups, children aged ≤ 4 years had the highest number of infections (n = 493; 27%). In total, 1,166 (55%) patients had <i>C. hominis</i> and 951 (45%) had <i>C. parvum</i> infections. Infections with <i>C. hominis</i> peaked in September. We observed a weak association between temperature and the number of patients with <i>C. hominis</i>. Of the <i>C. hominis</i> identified<i>,</i> 207 were <i>gp60</i> typed and an increase in subtype diversity was observed since 2022.CONCLUSIONIn the Netherlands, <i>C. hominis</i> drives the annual fluctuations in cryptosporidiosis. Continuous surveillance, including information about exposure to risk factors and molecular typing, is key to a better understanding of the underlying causes of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence and spread of NA-I223V and NA-S247N double-mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses with reduced oseltamivir susceptibility in the Netherlands and beyond, 2023 to 2026.","authors":"Zandra Felix Garza, Dirk Eggink, Mariam Bagheri, Sharon van den Brink, Gabriel Goderski, Mark Pronk, Pascal Lexmond, Mariëtte Hooiveld, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Björn Koel, Ron Fouchier, Adam Meijer","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.36.2600733","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.36.2600733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2023/24, A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses with neuraminidase (NA)-S247N emerged in NA-clade C.5.3.3 carrying NA-I223V, spread internationally, then faded. Such double mutants reappeared sporadically in 2024/25. They expanded again in 2025/26 in NA-clade D.3 viruses carrying NA-S247N after acquiring NA-I223V in Europe - notably Spain, the Netherlands, Finland and France, and beyond. Dutch double mutants from both seasons showed median 12- and 13-fold reduced inhibition by oseltamivir. These findings underscore the need for ongoing genomic and phenotypic monitoring of antiviral susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide outbreak of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis linked to consumption of pumpkin seeds, France, 2026.","authors":"Gabrielle Jones, Edith Laurent, Erica Fougère, Nathalie Fredricksen, Caroline Kojfer-Lomont, Lorraine Puzin, Sophie Belichon, Anastasia Petrova, Athénaïs Bur, Henriette de Valk, Leonor Silveira, Christian Kornschober, Catherine Ragimbeau, Laetitia Bonifait, Alexandra Moura","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.38.2600796","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.38.2600796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nationwide outbreak of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis is ongoing in France with 81 patients from 3 May to 12 August 2026. Median age was 35 years, and 56 case-patients were female. Investigations identified pumpkin seeds grown in France as the source. A food isolate reported on EpiPulse reinforced initial hypotheses. Recall-withdrawal was initiated on 28 August. Traceback continues including for export. Pumpkin seeds represent a novel <i>Salmonella</i> risk that should be considered in seed production and by public health authorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for Euro Surveill. 2026;31(36).","authors":"","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.37.260917e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.37.260917e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicentre outbreak of <i>Candida viswanathii</i> bloodstream infections linked to contaminated milrinone, Italy, April to October 2025.","authors":"Alessio Mesini, Giuseppe Spiga, Marta Ciofi Degli Atti, Debora Contu, Carmen D'Amore, Elisabetta Ugolotti, Gianluca Vrenna, Marco Castignone, Venere Cortazzo, Marco Merli, Lara Ricotta, Elisa Matarazzo, Elena De Carolis, Elisa De Pasqual, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Chiara Vismara, Paola Bernaschi, Anna Marchese, Roberto Bandettini, Carlo Federico Perno, Raffaele Spiazzi, Massimiliano Raponi, Elio Castagnola, Vincenzo Di Pilato","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.36.2600311","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.36.2600311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, a multicentre outbreak of bloodstream infections caused by <i>Candida viswanathii</i>, a rare non-albicans <i>Candida</i> species, was identified in Italy. The source was recognised after four <i>C. viswanathii</i> bloodstream infections were identified within a short period at a single centre. Initial local investigations did not identify environmental or patient-to-patient transmission. Given the strong geographical association of <i>C. viswanathii</i> with the Indian subcontinent, a hypothesis-driven investigation focusing on medicinal products of Indian origin was undertaken. Milrinone was the only common exposure among affected patients, and culture of the implicated product yielded <i>C. viswanathii</i>, confirming contamination. In total, 40 cases of <i>C. viswanathii</i> candidaemia were identified across four centres between April and October 2025; all were bloodstream infections. Most were associated with one predominant milrinone lot, although additional lots were implicated. Immediate control measures included withdrawal of the implicated product, notification of national authorities and active microbiological surveillance of exposed patients. This outbreak highlights the importance of clinician-led outbreak detection, hypothesis-driven epidemiology and pharmacovigilance in identifying rare, medicine-associated fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns in the dynamics of respiratory viruses after the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational, retrospective study using sentinel surveillance network data, Catalonia, 2022 to 2025.","authors":"Aida Perramon-Malavez, Ermengol Coma, Leonardo Mendez-Boo, Eduardo Hermosilla, Luca Basile, Francesc Fina, Andrés Antón, Jacobo Mendioroz","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.38.2600065","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.38.2600065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUNDRespiratory viruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their circulation patterns were markedly altered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Information System for Infection Surveillance in Catalonia (SIVIC), established in 2022, provides continuous, population-representative sentinel surveillance integrating syndromic and microbiological data.AIMOur aim was to describe the timing, regularity and overlap of epidemics across 18 respiratory viruses using microbiologically confirmed data from SIVIC.METHODSWe conducted an observational, retrospective study using weekly data from the SIVIC sentinel network in Catalonia between October 2022 and September 2025. We calculated weekly positivity for each virus and defined epidemic start, peak and end based on week-to-week positivity growth and decline. Mean timing and variability across epidemiological years were estimated after applying a 3-week moving average to compensate for fluctuations.RESULTSAmong 32,782 analysed samples, 21,278 (64.9%) tested positive for at least one virus. Distinct and recurrent epidemic patterns were observed. Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses exhibited consistent sequential peaks in late autumn and early winter, while rhinovirus and enterovirus showed bimodal peaks in autumn and spring. Some viruses (human adenovirus, human parainfluenza 1 and 4, human coronavirus NL63) circulated year-round at low levels. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 showed a persistent summer epidemic pattern.CONCLUSIONMost respiratory viruses in Catalonia have re-established regular seasonal dynamics, with SARS-CoV-2 displaying a distinct summer peak. Year-round sentinel surveillance for timely monitoring of viral circulation can help anticipate the timing and sequence of epidemics peaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12161,"journal":{"name":"Eurosurveillance","volume":"31 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}