Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing water and nitrogen supply can regulate the dynamics of dry matter accumulation in maize, thereby promoting dry matter accumulation and increasing yield","authors":"Tingrui Yang ,&nbsp;Jinghua Zhao ,&nbsp;Ming Hong ,&nbsp;Mingjie Ma ,&nbsp;Shijiao Ma ,&nbsp;Yingying Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry Matter Accumulation (DMA) is a critical factor in yield formation. Investigating the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on the DMA and yield formation in maize is essential to provide a theoretical basis for regulating yield formation. Over the course of two years (2022–2023), field experiments was conducted in Karamay, Xinjiang, China, with three irrigation levels (75 % ET_c, 100 % ET_c, 125 % ET_c) and four nitrogen application rates (0 kg N/ha, 93 kg N/ha, 186 kg N/ha, 279 kg N/ha). The study analyzed the effects of water and nitrogen levels on maize DMA and yield. Additionally, the Richards model for maize DMA under different water and nitrogen levels was established based on relative effective accumulated temperature. The model's parameters were used to quantitatively analyze the dynamics of DMA and its grain yield effects. The results indicate that the optimal combination of irrigation and nitrogen application for the study area is 100 % ET_c irrigation and 186 kg/ha of nitrogen. The maximum dry matter accumulation over two years was 32756 kg/ha and 33750 kg/ha, while the maximum yields were 19650 kg/ha and 18576 kg/ha, respectively. The Richards model, based on relative effective accumulated temperature for DMA, demonstrates the significant biological relevance with a determination coefficient (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>) exceeding 0.99 and an <em>NRMSE</em> (Normalized Root Mean Square Error) less than 10 %. At the irrigation level of 100 % ET_c and nitrogen application rate of 186 kg/ha, maize exhibited the highest average rate of DMA, entering the rapid growth phase earlier and sustaining it for a longer duration. <em>Y</em>₂ (DMA during the rapid growth phase) and <em>Y</em>₃ (DMA during the slow growth phase) were significantly positively correlated with yield (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05), with correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.57, respectively. Additionally, hundred-grain weight and grain number per ear showed a significant positive correlation with both <em>Y</em>₂ and <em>Y</em>₃ (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05), with correlation coefficients of 0.68, 0.59, and 0.76, 0.58, respectively. Therefore, optimizing water and nitrogen supply can regulate dry matter accumulation during the rapid and slow growth phases, promoting maize dry matter accumulation and, in turn, enhancing yield. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for water-nitrogen management, as well as dry matter and yield regulation, in the study area or other regions with similar climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Envirotyping to drive spring barley adaptation in Northwestern Europe","authors":"Maëva Bicard ,&nbsp;Michel-Pierre Faucon ,&nbsp;Christoph Dockter ,&nbsp;Dominique Vequaud ,&nbsp;Pierre A. Pin ,&nbsp;Renaud Rincent ,&nbsp;Chloé Elmerich ,&nbsp;Bastien Lange","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Cereal crops are highly vulnerable to extreme climatic events. Due to the restricted genetic diversity within the existing elite germplasm used in modern breeding, developing high-yielding and stable cultivars in the context of climate change requires deciphering genotype x environment interactions (GEI), commonly observed in multi-environment trials (METs).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our study on two-row spring barley, an economically important short-cycle crop, aimed to (i) highlight the main environmental covariates (EC) – climatic variables calculated over phenological stages – driving GEI for yield, and (ii) characterize genotypes’ adaptation across the European spring malting barley production area.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from 112 elite genotypes across 121 environments (from 2015 to 2022), 91 EC were calculated for each environment using the calibrated CERES-Barley model and analyzed for their contribution to GEI. An environmental classification was conducted on the main GEI-drivers across 1450 environments, including tested and untested locations, within the production area.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elevated temperatures during barley stem elongation, as well as solar radiation intensity and water accessibility during grain filling, were identified as the major GEI-drivers. Thermal amplitude around anthesis also emerged as an influential factor. The analysis discriminated three environment types (ET) across the European Target Population of Environments (TPE), distributed according to clear spatial and repeatability variations. They contrasted mainly in terms of temperatures during vegetative growth, solar radiation intensity, and water availability during grain filling. Specific (suited to one ET) or broad adaptation (multi-ET) were identified for the tested genotypes, offering valuable information for characterizing germplasm performance and optimizing selection criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We showed how controlling GEI-drivers through envirotyping enhanced year-to-year field trial predictability, selection intensity, and yield genetic gain and stability. Further advancements will need to integrate the genetic sensitivity to GEI-drivers into genomic selection methods to improve accuracy in modern cereal breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of substituting inorganic fertilizer with manure on soil N₂O and CH₄ emissions and crop yields: A global meta-analysis","authors":"Xiaoyi Meng ,&nbsp;Shurong Liu ,&nbsp;Junliang Zou ,&nbsp;Bruce Osborne","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The replacement of inorganic fertilizers with manures is gaining increased attention as a strategy for developing sustainable agroecological farming systems. Substituting synthetic N fertilizers with manure has been proposed to affect field N₂O emissions and crop yields. However, the global effects of such substitution practices on the trade-offs between crop yield, net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and GHG intensity (GHGI) remain controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This research evaluates the impact of substituting inorganic fertilizers with manure on crop yields, GHG emissions, and GHGI under varying conditions. Additionally, it examines the influence of different factors on these outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study conducted a global meta-analysis (119 articles, 856 observations) to quantify the effects of manure substitution on N₂O and CH₄ emissions and crop yields, considering variations in manure characteristics, climatic conditions, and soil properties.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>The findings revealed that substituting inorganic fertilizers with manure significantly increased CH₄ emissions, while N₂O emissions decreased, though the reduction was not statistically significant. The effects on GWP and crop yields were minimal. A significant decrease in soil N₂O emissions was observed under the following conditions: mean annual temperature (MAT) &gt; 15°C, rice cropping systems, composted manure application, or manure with a C:N ratio of 8–16. A significant increase in soil CH₄ emissions was observed in clay soils, soils with SOC &gt; 15 g C kg⁻¹ , MAT &gt; 15°C or &lt; 10°C, a mean annual precipitation (MAP) &gt; 800 mm or &lt; 400 mm, vegetable cropping systems, total N application rates of 150–300 kg N ha⁻¹ , a manure N concentration of &gt; 66 %, or with raw manure applications. A significant increase in crop yield was observed in vegetable cropping systems or when manure N percentage was between 33 % and 66 %. The GHGI advantage of substituting manure fertilizer increases as SOC levels rise.</div></div><div><h3>Implication and significance</h3><div>These findings contribute to optimizing management practices for reducing GHG emissions and enhancing crop yields, supporting sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping maize and peanut under semi-arid conditions is a zero-sum game","authors":"Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Chen Feng ,&nbsp;Guijuan Du ,&nbsp;Liangshan Feng ,&nbsp;Wei Bai ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Shu Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Cai ,&nbsp;Zhi Dong ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Wopke van der Werf ,&nbsp;Lizhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Maize and peanut have been reported to be compatible species in intercropping with a high land use efficiency. However, little information is available at contemporary higher levels of fertilizer input and the possible importance of root plasticity for water uptake in rain-fed semi-arid condition.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to quantify yield, yield components, water uptake, root plasticity and distribution of maize and peanut in dryland agriculture.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 3-year field experiment was conducted at two N input levels (N-free, without N fertilizer addition; N-farmer, N fertilizer rates were based on conventional rates used by local famers) in Liaoning province, China.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maize had an average partial land equivalent ratio (pLER) of 0.73 over three years while peanut had an average pLER of 0.27. The total LER indicates no land use advantage of intercropping. Yields were unresponsive to fertilizer input. The harvest index (HI) of maize was increased by intercropping, from 0.47 to 0.52, whereas the HI of peanut was decreased from 0.39 to 0.32 over all years and N treatments. Intercropping decreased the branch numbers and increased the length of main stem and lateral branches at 1st to 3rd pairs. Roots of maize foraged in the peanut strip while roots of peanut were largely absent from the maize strip. The root length density/aboveground biomass of peanut increased 88 % in intercropping. However, contrary to expectation, total water uptake was not increased by intercrop and was not affected by N application rate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Under rain-fed semi-arid condition, maize/peanut intercropping does not provide land and water use advantage and the species interaction is a zero-sum game, even though peanut showed high root plasticity (88 %). A key reason for the lack of positive LER response is the reduction of HI. Low plant vigour of intercropped peanut due to water stress and shading and the elevated the branch position and the decreased branch number may be responsible for a low rate of pegging which would then result is lower HI.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The results provide a testable prediction that the advantage of maize/peanut intercropping may potentially be improved by solving the HI problem of intercropped peanut, such as breeding for more shade tolerant varieties or planting the maize in narrower rows to improve the insolation of peanut. Our study is helpful for field management strategies for maize/peanut intercropping in semi-arid dryland agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotational grass-legume leys increase arable crop yields, particularly at low N fertiliser rates","authors":"Fatima F. El Khosht ,&nbsp;Göran Bergkvist ,&nbsp;A. Sigrun Dahlin ,&nbsp;Christine A. Watson ,&nbsp;Johannes Forkman ,&nbsp;Johan Nilsson ,&nbsp;Ingrid Öborn","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Including perennial leys in crop rotations can increase arable crop yield and soil organic carbon content. However, ley effects are often confounded by differences in manure addition, and it is unclear how the effects change over time or are impacted by ley species. Using 48 years of data from long term experiments at three locations in Sweden, this study examined the effects of including a two-year sole-grass or mixed grass-legume ley compared with only arable crops in six-year rotations, on crop production, and soil carbon and nitrogen under different nitrogen (N) fertiliser rates but without manure additions. Rotational leys resulted in greater oilseed and cereal grain yields at zero and low N fertilisation, particularly when legumes were included in the ley. The effect was evident for grain yields throughout the rotation and similar over crop rotation cycles. However, there were no yield differences between rotations at the highest N rate. With a grass-legume ley in the rotation, less N fertiliser was required to obtain similar grain N concentrations in winter wheat as in the rotation without ley. Concentrations of topsoil C and total-N, across cycles and N rates, were higher in rotations with ley. Topsoil C was maintained between the 2nd and 8th cycle in all treatments except at the low N fertiliser rate in the rotation without ley. Including short-term grass-legume leys in crop rotations with only arable crops may be a way to reduce the dependence on N fertiliser and still maintain topsoil C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating crop rotation into the winter wheat-summer maize system to enhance soil multifunctionality and sustainable grain production in the North China Plain","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Sijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Haitao Lu ,&nbsp;Liwei Li ,&nbsp;Liantao Liu ,&nbsp;Guiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system has long been a dominant practice in the North China Plain. However, its continuous use has led to soil fertility decline, biodiversity losses, and nutrient imbalances, thus threatening grain production sustainability. Crop rotations are of great essential to enhance soil health and resilience, but its benefits for the winter wheat-summer maize system in this region remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the effects of incorporating crop rotations into the winter wheat-summer maize system to mitigate soil degradation, enhance soil multifunctionality (SMF), and maintain high grain yield production.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A field experiment (2018–2022) compared three crop rotation systems, spring sweet potato → winter wheat-summer maize (Psw-WM), spring peanut → winter wheat-summer maize (Pns-WM), and spring sorghum → winter wheat-summer maize (Sor-WM), against continuous wheat-maize cropping (WM-WM). The winter wheat and summer maize yields were assessed annually, and soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and rhizosphere microbial communities were analyzed during the second crop cycle to assess SMF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to WM-WM, the Pns-WM and Psw-WM significantly increased annual winter wheat and summer maize yields by 8.12 %–11.39 % and 8.78 %–15.82 %, respectively. Compared to WM-WM, these rotations (Pns-WM and Psw-WM) enhanced SMF by 1- to 2-fold due to increased soil organic carbon (SOC), improved enzyme activities, and better nutrient cycling. The lower pH and higher bacterial and fungal richness (e.g. ACE indices) were found in Pns-WM and Psw-WM, as compared to WM-WM. Furthermore, Pns-WM increased beneficial genus such as <em>Penicillium</em> and <em>Fusarium</em> while reducing pathogenic taxa like <em>Alternaria</em>. Partial least squares structural equation modeling illustrated that improved SOC, enzyme activities, and microbial diversity drove the increases in SMF and grain yield in the Pns-WM and Psw-WM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Integrating peanut or sweet potato into the winter wheat-summer maize system effectively enhances soil health, SMF, and grain yield. Thus, introducing annual crops as preceding crops to the current WM-WM rotation is beneficial for fostering microbial diversity and enzyme activities, improving soil properties, enhancing grain yield, and providing a sustainable pathway for resilient food production in the NCP and similar agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 109834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-nitrogen coupling promotes efficient resource utilization by optimizing cotton root morphology under salt stress","authors":"Ling Li ,&nbsp;En Lin ,&nbsp;Hongguang Liu ,&nbsp;Yanjie Li ,&nbsp;Zhijie Li ,&nbsp;Rui Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal root morphology is essential for crops to acquire soil resources and adapt to rhizosphere adversity. Effective water and nitrogen management strategies can regulate root growth to enhance resource utilization in arid saline-alkali regions. However, the response characteristics of crop roots morphology and nutrient utilization to water-nitrogen coupling under various salinity gradients remain incompletely understood. Understanding this coupling’s regulation mechanisms in diverse rhizosphere environments is vital for sustainable agriculture in saline-alkali regions globally. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Xinjiang, China, treating cotton fields with differing salt gradients (7.67–11.53 dS·m⁻¹) and varying water (60 %–80 %–100 %<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ET</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and nitrogen (75 %–100 %–125 %<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ck</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) levels. Using the ¹⁵N isotope labeling method and structural equation model, we analyzed and quantified the interplay of water-nitrogen coupling on root morphology and resource utilization under salinity stress. Our results confirmed that water and nitrogen applications significantly improved root morphology in saline-alkali soil, water promotes root elongation slightly more than nitrogen, with root length density increasing by 14.63 % and 8.45 %, respectively. However, soil salinity significantly inhibited root morphology optimization, resulting in an average root length density reduction of 19.08 %. The response of nitrogen content in cotton organs to water was slightly stronger than that to nitrogen. Salt stress primarily inhibited urea nitrogen absorption, resulting in a 28.94 % decrease in total nitrogen uptake and a 17.31 % decrease in nitrogen utilization efficiency. A structural equation model was developed to understand the regulatory effects of water-nitrogen coupling on cotton growth under salinity stress. The model revealed that the positive influence of water-nitrogen inputs on efficiency indexes was mainly achieved by optimizing root morphology, with an impact coefficient of 0.66 for the control variables-root-efficiency evaluation. Water had a greater positive effect on cotton than nitrogen, with load coefficient of 0.20 and 0.15, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for crops to adapt to adverse conditions by aligning root system construction with biomass allocation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 109830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled-release phosphate fertilizer improves soil fertility and soybean productivity by regulating soil microbial diversity and composition and increasing enzyme activities","authors":"Zhaoming Qu ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Deng ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Shuihong Yao ,&nbsp;Qianhui Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Dong ,&nbsp;Yanli Liu ,&nbsp;Haojie Feng ,&nbsp;Chengliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrients for soybean growth. The extensive application of conventional chemical P fertilizers has contributed to soybean yield increase but, at the same time, has also led to P buildup in soil and subsequent loss to the environment. Controlled-release P fertilizers (CRP) can improve crop P absorption and yield. However, it remains unclear how CRP application regulates soybean productivity by affecting soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate soybean productivity and assess the contributions of soil microorganisms and soil enzymes to soybean productivity, in the different P fertilization treatments, which included 100 % triple superphosphate (TSP), 80 % CRP–20 % TSP, and 60 % CRP–40 % TSP at three application rates each (90, 75, and 60 kg P ha⁻¹). The results showed that compared with 100 % TSP, CRP application significantly improved soybean yield and P use efficiency (PUE) by 1.7 %–10.1 % and 1.1–12.8 percentage points in 2023, and 3.7 %–12.9 % and 4.9–22.5 percentage points in 2024, respectively. Of all treatments, 80 % CRP–20 % TSP at 75 kg ha⁻¹ (MHCP treatment) resulted in the highest soybean yield and PUE. Meanwhile, a higher proportion of CRP was more favorable for soil microbial diversity, P- and N-cycling enzyme activities, and a stable soil pH. MHCP treatment also obtained the highest microbial diversity and relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms, such as <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>, <em>Lysobacter</em>, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, and <em>Flavisolibacter</em>, thereby promoting soil enzyme activities, soil fertility, and soybean growth. In conclusion, CRP combined with TSP at an appropriate proportion and application rate can significantly improve soybean yield and PUE. This study provides an important scientific basis for the management and optimization of P fertilization in soybean production in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 109836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cotton lint yield and quality variability in Georgia, USA: Understanding genotypic and environmental interactions","authors":"Gonzalo J. Scarpin ,&nbsp;Anish Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Lavesta C. Hand ,&nbsp;John L. Snider ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Roberts ,&nbsp;Leonardo M. Bastos","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Georgia is one of the largest cotton producer in the United States. Genotype x environment analysis have been previously performed, although there still exists a gap in knowledge related to i) newer varieties and ii) characterization of environmental potential in relation to meteorological patterns during the growing season.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>i) to quantify the effects of environment, genotype, and management on yield and quality; ii) to evaluate the performance and responsiveness of different genotypes to different environments, and iii) to identify environmental conditions with increased cotton lint yield or quality parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Studies were conducted in 73 site-years as part of a variety trial program. In all the site-years, 22 cotton varieties were evaluated, of which twelve were present in at least 45 site-years. We performed analysis of variance, variance component, Finlay-Wilkinson, and conditional inference tree, to achieve our objectives.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The environment had a greater impact on yield and fiber quality (length, strength, uniformity and micronaire) than did genotype. We generate recommendations on variety selection according to each environment index. Conditional inference tree identified temperature and stage duration in squaring and boll opening as the most important variables and stages for affecting micronaire, yellowness, length, and uniformity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results will help farmers selecting the proper variety, considering not only their potential but also their main goal (yield or quality). As newer cotton genotypes are introduced yearly, we propose to continue working with these datasets to develop an online application to help farmers to identify and select the best genotype for their environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 109822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing rice residue and nitrogen management strategies on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system in Indo-Gangetic Plains","authors":"Vicky Singh ,&nbsp;Rajeev Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Seema Sepat ,&nbsp;Gobinder Singh ,&nbsp;Chinka Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109826","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rice-wheat cropping system produces ample scattered rice residue in the field after mechanical harvesting which holds no economic value for the farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia. Several options are available for managing rice residue, enabling wheat seeding in the succeeding season to avoid its burning. However, limited information is available on the efficient nitrogen management practices under different rice residue management options to achieve higher wheat productivity and N use efficiency (NUE).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This two-year study (2020–2022) aimed to evaluate the effect of time and method of fertilizer N application under different rice residue management options on canopy temperature, wheat yield and NUE on two texturally different soils.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design on two texturally different soils (sandy loam and clay loam). Treatments in the main plots included four different tillage and residue management (TRM) options; zero tillage with rice residue as mulch using Happy Seeder (ZTRM), minimum tillage with partial incorporation of residue using super seeder (MTRI), residue incorporation using mould board plough (MBRI), and conventional tillage after complete removal of residue (CTR0), and six fertilizer N management options (time and method of applications) including no N control in subplots.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;ZTRM significantly reduced canopy temperature (CT) at the grain development stage compared to residue removal (CTR0) on both soil types. ZTRM resulted in mean yield increase of 2.2 % (2 yrs mean) over CTR0 on both soils. Among TRM options, CTR0 recorded the lowest NUE indices. Across the soils, ZTRM showed significantly higher values of agronomic efficiency (14.1 kg grain kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; N), recovery efficiency (43.3 %) and physiological efficiency (27.4 kg grain kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; N uptake) of applied N compared to the other TRM options on sandy loam with similar trend on clay loam. Application of 132 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (N4) to wheat (24 kg at sowing, 96 kg top dressed at 1st and 2nd irrigation followed by three foliar sprays of 4 % urea) resulted in 76.5 % and 49.6 % increase in grain yield over no-N control in sandy loam and clay loam, respectively. The N4 recorded significantly higher N uptake and NUE in wheat compared to the other modes of fertilizer N application, irrespective of residue management option.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zero tillage with rice residue as mulch using Happy Seeder and soil application of 120 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in three splits along with 12 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; as three foliar sprays of 4 % urea solution are viable option to achieve higher wheat productivity and NUE in wheat to avoid rice residue burning in North-West IGP of India.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study revealed a paradigm approach for attaining highe","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 109826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}