Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"One–third substitution of nitrogen with cow manure or biochar greatly reduced N2O emission and carbon footprint in saline–alkali soils","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid expansion of farmland and long−term excessive nitrogen (N) application have caused huge environmental risks in fragile ecosystems facing global warming. Partially substituting N fertilizer with organic fertilizers offers an alternative field management strategy to alleviate the pressure of the ecological environment. To this end, the influence of one−third substitution of N fertilizer with cow manure or biochar field experiment was conducted under maize in Tarim River Basin since 2019. Five treatments with three replications were applied: CK (Fallow); no fertilization (0 N); conventional N fertilizer (N; N: 300 kg N ha⁻¹, organic fertilizer: 0 kg N ha⁻¹); one−third substitution of N with biochar (NB; N: 200 kg N ha⁻¹, Biochar: 100 kg N ha⁻¹) and one−third substitution of N with cow manure (NM; N: 200 kg N ha⁻¹, Cow manure: 100 kg N ha⁻¹) under maize season in saline−alkali soils. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB), soil organic carbon (SOC), maize yield, carbon footprint (CF), and yield carbon footprint (CF_y) were analyzed from 2021 to 2022. The results showed that NB treatment decreased the average cumulative CO₂ emissions by 21 %, while NM treatment showed no difference compared to N treatment. NB and NM treatments reduced the average cumulative N₂O emissions (−61 %, −49 %), CF (−68 %, −10 %), CF_y (−66 %, −19 %) and increased maize yield (+3 %, +2 %), SOC storage (+43 %, +6 %), NECB (+80 %, +24 %), and agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE) (+5 %, +3 %), compared to N treatment. NB treatment had the lowest emission factors (EF) (0.19 %) and the highest sustainability index (1.58) compared to NM treatment (0.26 %, 0.61) and N treatment (0.53 %, 0.84). To sum up, substituting one−third of N fertilizer with biochar or manure in saline−alkali soils was proved to be a multi−benefit strategy to increase yields and reduce GHG emissions and CF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic impact of various straw-return methods and irrigation regimes on winter wheat physiological growth and yield","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><p>Straw return to the field conserves soil moisture, but its effect on winter wheat growth varies, considering the return method used. Optimal irrigation can improve the effects of returning straw to the field. However, studies on the effects of the straw- return method and irrigation interactions on the physiological growth and yield of winter wheat are limited.</p></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two common methods of corn straw-return—burying and mulching— combined with different irrigation regimes on the physiological growth of winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The goal was to establish an economically stable straw-return irrigation regime.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Straw-burying (SB) and straw mulching (SM) treatments were applied under three irrigation regimes: no irrigation (I₀), 60 mm irrigation during the jointing stage (I₆₀), and 60 mm irrigation during both the jointing and heading stages (I₆₀₊₆₀) during the winter wheat growing seasons from 2020 to 2022. Leaf area index (LAI), stem number, photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthesis-active radiation (PAR) capture rate, dry matter accumulation, and winter wheat yield were measured and calculated. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the correlation between physiological indexes and winter wheat yield.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SB-I₆₀ and SB-I₆₀₊₆₀ maintained higher stem numbers and LAI in winter wheat, compared with SM-I₆₀ and SM-I₆₀₊₆₀. SB-I₆₀₊₆₀ had the highest photosynthetic and PAR capture rates. Under the same irrigation treatment, the spike numbers and yield of SB increased by 2.47–5.73 % and 4.37–9.51 % compared with those of SM, respectively. Under the same straw-return treatment, irrigation improved the straw-return effect, and the yield and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat increased with increasing irrigation. SB-I₆₀₊₆₀ recorded the highest wheat yield. SEM analysis revealed that yield was positively affected by LAI and photosynthetic rate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The application of SB-I₆₀₊₆₀ increased grain yield, enhancing food security and optimizing the benefits from straw return.</p></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><p>This study revealed the optimal straw application and irrigation for wheat production, promoting food security in dry regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart nutrient management Nutrient Expert® enhances rice productivity through adjusting source-sink relationships during grain filling","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smart nutrient management optimises chemical fertiliser application while maintaining crop yields. <em>Nutrient Expert</em>® (NE) is a user-friendly smart nutrient management system designed to improve the productivity of smallholder farmers. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of nutrient management have yet to be fully understood. We analysed data from field experiments conducted in South and Northeast China to explore the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertiliser inputs and nutrient management systems on panicle weight and post-flowering source-sink relationships in various cropping seasons of rice. Treatments included NE recommendation, local farmers’ practices (FP), soil test based fertiliser recommendation (ST), and four N rate treatments with plus or minus 25 % and plus or minus 50 % of NE. Our analysis indicated that rice panicle weight and N accumulation increased with increasing N application rate up to a recommended rate by NE in most cases, beyond which there was little further increase. Moreover, NE significantly enhanced rice panicle weight and N accumulation compared to FP and ST in the single-season rice in Northeast China. In all experiments, both in South and Northeast China, the post-flowering source-sink difference gradually increased from negative to positive values with an increase in N application rate. Too low N application rate resulted in insufficient source supply, while too high N application rate gave excessive source supply since the sink demand reached its upper limit. Compared with FP and ST, NE achieved higher source supply and sink demand in the single-season rice, and mobilised more N from source organs to sink organs. Our analysis provides evidence for positive impacts of integrated nutrient management strategies on rice source-sink relationships and offers a physiological basis for improved rice productivity of designed NE nutrient management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429024002326/pdfft?md5=95ad1f1c7587d89e193e896214b91418&pid=1-s2.0-S0378429024002326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farming shallow soils: Impacts of soil depth on crop growth in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Florida, USA","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Over half of the US's sugarcane production comes from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in Florida (USA). However, the loss of organic soils due to oxidation, which results in the gradual reduction of soil depth, poses a significant concern for the future of agriculture throughout the EAA. Understanding the relationship between soil depth and crop production in the EAA is critical to developing sustainable and profitable farming practices in the region.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the depths of organic soils in the EAA and monitor the growth of sugarcane to elucidate the relationship between crop growth and soil depths.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The soil depth of five locations spanning a total area of 90 ha were surveyed. The sugarcane yield was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from publicly available Landsat 8 satellite images.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The soil survey revealed considerable spatial variation in soil depths, ranging from 10 to 105 cm with an average of 51 cm. Over half of the study area had soil depths below 50 cm, while only 11.9 % of the area had soil depths exceeding 80 cm. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated sugarcane variety and age significantly impacts the yield. However, no significant relationship was found between soil depth and sugarcane yields, which can be attributed to the ample availability of nutrients and water in the region, coupled with advancements in agricultural technologies such as stringent soil testing for nutrient recommendations and effective plant breeding that address the constraints posed by shallow soils.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The undetectable threshold for soil depth where crop yields decline may be due to numerous reasons including dataset constraints, and modelling limitations. For sugarcane production to be sustainable and profitable in the region soil loss of Histosols in the region warrants further research. Proactive interventions and conservation farming practices are imperative to mitigate soil loss within the region.</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>The outcomes of this study furnish valuable data to support decision-makers in policy formulation, with significant implications for food security and environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar effects on crop yield variability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or Problem</h3><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that biochar application can increase crop yield by improving soil properties and health. Yet, these studies, however, neglected how biochar alters yield variability across years – reflecting the yield stability.</p></div><div><h3>Objective or Research question</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on crop yield variability.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Published data from 38 experimental sites were collected from the Web-of-Science. Two-thirds of the data were originated from three main staple crops: maize, wheat, and rice. The remaining were from rapeseed, soybean, sweet potato, and peppermint. Biochar effects on crop yield and its variability as well as their driving factors were analyzed by linear mixed models depending on soil conditions, field management practices, and climate types.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Biochar increased the crop yield globally by 14 %, especially in soils with low pH (&lt; 5.5), low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (≤ 120 kg N ha⁻¹, &lt; 35 kg P ha⁻¹), with high biochar inputs (≥ 20 Mg ha⁻¹), and under crop rotation. Biochar increased crop yields by 12 % in short-term (≤ 5 years) and 21 % in long-term (&gt; 5 years) experiments. Biochar increased yield variability by 42 % in acidic soils (pH &lt; 5.5) and by 24 % with low N inputs (≤ 120 kg N ha⁻¹), mainly because its liming and fertilization effects were short-lasting within the first few years. The yield variability after biochar application decreased with the increase in mean annual temperature, inter-annual variabilities of temperature and precipitation, but with the decrease in mean annual precipitation in the growing season. Yield variability under biochar increased in short-term experiments by 27 %, but there was no change (0 %) in long-term experiments because of the higher yield gains and resistance to fluctuating weather conditions. Therefore, crop yield variability decreased with increasing yield in long-term experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Biochar application increased short-term variability of crop yields, but its long-term variability remained unaffected.</p></div><div><h3>Implications or Significance</h3><p>This study highlights that biochar can support steadily future crop production in the long run.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize breeding effects on grain yield genetic progress and its contribution to global yield gain in Argentina","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><p>Maize production in Argentina has increased in recent years, following the global gain (GG) in grain yield (GY). The GG in GY depends on genetic progress (GP), which requires frequent quantification to detect potential plateaus and variations in its contribution to the GG. In this sense, hybrid adoption in Argentina shifted from double- and three-way to single cross (F1) hybrids in the 1990s, thereby increasing the level of heterosis of released hybrids. Since heterosis increase may have had a greater impact on estimates of maize GG than those based on a single cross type, GP based exclusively on F1 hybrids and its contribution to GG could be lower than that including different types of crosses.</p></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><p>The main objectives of this work were to (i) analyze grain yield GP, (ii) dissect grain yield GP into the corresponding trends in its physiological determinants and numerical components, and (iii) estimate the relative contribution of GP to GG in the main maize producing region of Argentina for the period marked by significant changes in heterosis level (i.e. from 1960s to 1990s) and the period of massive adoption of F1 hybrids (from 1990s onwards).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used a dataset obtained at the core of the mentioned region (INTA Pergamino; 33°56’S, 60°34’W) from era-decade experiments (ERA) including 24 hybrids released between 1965 and 2016 and grown with no abiotic or biotic restrictions. We quantified GY, its numeric components (KN: kernel number m⁻², KW: individual kernel weight) and its physiological determinants (B_T: total shoot biomass at maturity, HI: harvest index).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A GP of 0.84 % y⁻¹ was computed for GY from 1965 to 1993, and of 0.51 % y⁻¹ thereafter. We also detected genetic progress for KN (0.53 % y⁻¹) and B_T (0.26 % y⁻¹) but not for KW. A GP of 0.66 % y⁻¹ was computed for HI up to 1993, which plateaued thereafter. A 40 % contribution of GP to GG was estimated for the Pergamino site from 1965 to 1993, predominantly driven by changes in heterosis level. The contribution dropped to 32 % from 1993 onwards, when F1 hybrids were massively adopted by the farmers. This contribution was much smaller (e.g. 19 %) in areas less representative of the target population of environments of dominant breeding programs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings underline that the relative contribution of GP to GY improvement at the regional level varies markedly depending upon the period included in the analysis and the environment used for evaluation. The decline observed at less representative locations of the main target population of environments may guide breeders in their decision for developing new programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating heat-induced yield loss in peanut: Insights into 24-epibrassinolide-mediated improvement in antioxidant capacity, photosynthesis, and kernel weight","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><p>As global temperatures steadily increase, the frequent occurrence of extreme high-temperature events has significantly hampered peanut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.) production in low-latitude regions.</p></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><p>Previously, 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) was identified as a substance capable of mitigating abiotic stress damage in plants. However, it remains unclear whether and by what mechanisms EBR can diminish the yield loss caused by heat stress in peanuts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>During the flowering phase, two distinct peanut cultivars, <em>Qinghua7</em> (heat-resistant type) and <em>Shanhua101</em> (heat-sensitive type) were exposed to a 10-day heat stress treatment (+4.2 ℃). EBR or water was sprayed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of heating, and water-sprayed natural peanuts was used as control, to assess the effect of EBR on antioxidant capacity, photosynthetic performance, and yield in heat-stressed peanuts.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>EBR application increased activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in heat-stressed peanut leaves. Simultaneously, EBR decreased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production, along with a reduction in malondialdehyde content. Additionally, EBR notably alleviated the oxidation damage to chloroplast membranes and grana lamella under heat stress. Thus, an increase in maximum photochemical efficiency, comprehensive performance index, rubisco activity, net photosynthetic rate, and biomass accumulation was observed in heat-stress peanuts. Synergistic enhancement provided by EBR on antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic performance resulted in improved plant growth, kernel weight, and effective pods per plant, led to a reduction in yield loss for heat-stressed cultivars <em>Qinghua7</em> and <em>Shanhua101</em> by 26.92 % and 55.18 %, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The application of EBR enhanced the antioxidant capacity of peanut leaves. This, in turn, mitigated oxidative damage to chloroplast membranes, resulting in improved photosynthetic performance. Ultimately, this intervention led to a reduction in yield loss for heat-stressed peanuts, achieved through an increase in kernel weight.</p></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><p>The foliar spraying of EBR holds significant promise in crop production, offering a broad application prospect. This practice is beneficial for enhancing the heat resistance of peanuts and potentially other field crops, equipping them to better withstand the increasingly severe climate challenges anticipated in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic substitution regime with optimized irrigation improves potato water and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating soil chemical properties rather than microflora structure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><p>Improving water and fertilizer use efficiency is an inevitable choice for sustainable potato production in North China. However, the regulation mechanism of potato water and nitrogen use efficiency under water-nitrogen coupling (W-N) regime is still unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><p>The objectives from a 3-year field experiment were (1) to assess the impact of W-N regimes on potato yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency, (2) to elucidate the soil microflora structure under W-N regimes, and (3) to determine the relationship between soil chemical properties, microflora structure, and potato water and nitrogen use efficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A three-year two-factor split-zone potato field experiment was conducted in arid and semi-arid regions of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, with irrigation [(rainfed (W0), optimized (soil-based) irrigation (W1), conventional irrigation (W2)] as the primary treatment and N fertilizer [no N (N0), chemical N (N1), 25 % manure substitution (N2)] as the secondary treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Potato yield and water productivity followed N2 &gt; N1 &gt; N0, and partial nitrogen productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency followed N2 &gt; N1 at the same irrigation level. Potato yield, nitrogen internal efficiency, partial nitrogen productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency first increased and then decreased, whereas water productivity gradually decreased with increasing irrigation levels under the same fertilization regime. Moreover, potato yield, soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content peaked with the W1N2 regime. W-N regimes significantly influenced soil microbial community structure. Soil microbial α-diversity was less variable under W1 and N2 conditions. Soil bacterial network complexity and robustness were higher in W1 and W2 than in W0 regimes, whereas the opposite was true for fungi. The complexity and robustness of the soil bacterial and fungal network demonstrated for three fertilization regimes were higher in N1 and N2 than in N0 regimes. Neutral community model showed that soil microflora in W-N regime was mainly influenced by stochastic processes. PLSPM showed that organic substitution regime with optimized irrigation improves potato water and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating soil chemical properties rather than microflora structure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>W1N2 regime synergizes well to improve potato water and N use efficiency and soil microflora stability, and organic substitution regime with optimized irrigation improves potato water and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating soil chemical properties.</p></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><p>Our findings initially clarified the regulatory mechanisms of potato water and nitrogen use efficiency in North China, offering theoretical guidance for further optimizing irrigation and ","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying a sustainable rice-based cropping system via on-farm evaluation of grain yield, carbon sequestration capacity and carbon footprints in Central China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Rice-based cropping system is a major anthropogenic source of direct greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, agricultural inputs also produces numerous indirect GHG emissions and environmental problems. Identification of rice cropping systems with lower GHG emissions and higher grain yields is of great significance to ensure food security while minimizing agricultural carbon footprint (CF).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to identify the optimal rice-based cropping system with lower greenhouse effects and comparable annual yield in central China.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Used life cycle assessment, a two-year field experiment was performed to evaluate the direct and indirect GHG emissions, CF, and carbon sequestration capacity in the six rice-based cropping systems widely used in central China, which consisted of fallow-early rice-late rice, rapeseed-early rice-late rice, fallow-ratoon rice, rapeseed-ratoon rice (RRaR), fallow-middle rice, and rapeseed-middle rice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that compared with the three systems with fallow season, the three systems with rapeseed had lower annual CH₄ emissions. The two systems with ratoon rice had lower annual indirect and direct GHG emissions than the two systems with double rice. The three systems with rapeseed had higher annual biomass, grain yields, and fixed carbon in biomass and significantly lower CF than the three systems with fallow season, and RRaR had the highest value of fixed carbon in biomass. The systems with ratoon rice had lower average CF than those systems with double rice. CH₄ emissions from paddy fields were the primary source of total annual GHG and the main component of CF. Compared with the three systems with fallow season, the three systems with rapeseed had significantly higher annual carbon sequestration capacity based on net ecosystem production (NEP). Ratoon rice systems had higher average NEP than double- and middle-rice systems. RRaR had the lowest CF per unit yield and highest NEP among all the six systems.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results indicated that appropriate rice-based cropping systems may alleviate the greenhouse effect via reducing GHG emissions and enhancing paddy NEP, RRaR could achieve relatively higher annual grain yield and carbon sequestration capacity as well as lower CF.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study highlight conversion of double rice and middle rice systems to RRaR may help improve grain yield and mitigate greenhouse effect. The findings may provide a theoretical basis for selection of sustainable development of rice based cropping systems in central China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop nitrogen status and yield formation: A cross-species comparison for maize, rice, and wheat field crops","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem</h3><p>The utilization of crop nitrogen (N) status as an in-season diagnosis tool for predicting N needs to maximize grain yield (GY) is a well-established concept in agronomy. However, a cross-species comparison including the characterization of yield components, grain number (GN) and grain weight (GW), to understand the physiological basis behind the GY-crop N status relationship is still missing.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The main goal of this study was to perform a cross-species comparison for maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.), rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.), and wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) of the relationship between crop N status around anthesis as a GY and GY components prediction diagnosis method.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic literature search was carried out for these major field crops, the final dataset (comprising 629 observations) consisted of 15 publications including information on i) shoot biomass and plant N concentration or N nutrition index (NNI) values at anthesis, ii) GY, and iii) GN and/or GW. An analysis was conducted to assess the <em>sensitivity</em> (slope of the linear models) of GY, GN, and GW to changes in crop NNI status at anthesis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Notably, the crop N status at anthesis demonstrated a strong relationship between both GY (R² between 0.66 and 0.93) and GN (R² between 0.58 and 0.94) across all crops, with a slightly weaker relationship with GW (R² between 0.30 and 0.83). Considerable uncertainty was observed on the GY and GN sensitivity (<em>S</em>) to N deficiency across all crops. Maize showed the greatest sensitivity of GY to NNI (<em>S</em>= 964 g m⁻²), with lowest sensitivity for wheat crop (<em>S</em>= 496 g m⁻²). Regarding GN, rice showed the greatest sensitivity to NNI (<em>S</em>= 23859 GN m⁻²), whereas maize was less sensitive (<em>S</em>= 2673 GN m⁻²). While maize exhibited a positive association between NNI and GW (although with considerable uncertainty), this relationship was less evident for rice and wheat crops.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings demonstrated that crop N status at anthesis is a better predictor of GY and GN than GW in maize, rice, and wheat. Maize showed the greatest range in observed values for relative GW relative to NNI, highlighting the impact of crop N status on GW determination.</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>These findings contribute to improving the understanding of the importance of achieving adequate crop N status at anthesis as key aspect for yield formation, with implications for both breeding programs and the optimization of on-farm crop N management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}