Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Peanut genotypic stress tolerance imprints the rhizobacterial community patterns in acidic soil: Evidence from two years of field trials","authors":"Xun Xiao ,&nbsp;Kai Lou Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Shen ,&nbsp;Wen Tai Dai ,&nbsp;Shu Han Liu ,&nbsp;Ren Fang Shen ,&nbsp;Xue Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>Developing stress-tolerant plants continues to be the goal of breeders due to their realized yields and stability. The rhizosphere microbiome is a central determinant of plant tolerance to soil environmental stress, but the association between genotypic differences in peanut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.) stress tolerance and rhizobacterial community patterns remains unclear in acidic soils.</div></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><div>We aim to screen the acid soil-tolerant peanut varieties and explore the relationship between rhizobacterial community patterns and peanut acid soil tolerance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field trial was conducted during 2022–2023. In 2022, We grew 27 peanut varieties in two experimental fields with different initial soil pHs (4.70 and 5.58), and screened four acidic soil-tolerant and 4 acidic soil-sensitive peanut varieties. In 2023, we replanted the screened eight peanut varieties in the pH 4.70 field. Bulk and rhizosphere soil samples were collected to analyze the soil chemical properties and bacterial community patterns of different genotypic peanuts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The four acidic soil-tolerant peanuts had lower exchangeable aluminum content and higher pH and exchangeable calcium contents in the rhizosphere soils in the pH 4.70 field relative to the acid soil-sensitive peanuts. These differences in the rhizosphere chemical properties further caused distinct rhizosphere bacterial communities of acid soil-tolerant peanuts from acid soil-sensitive peanuts. The acid soil-tolerant peanuts had much higher relative abundance of ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants) related to carbon and nitrogen transformation, while the acid soil-sensitive peanuts formed a more complex co-occurrence network by exacerbating the competition between ASVs. Further, the acid soil-tolerant peanuts harbored a higher relative abundance of positive keystone (Sphingomona) and a lower relative abundance of negative keystone (IMCC26256, Elsterales, and WPS_2) than the acid soil-sensitive peanuts. These differences between the acid soil-tolerant and acid soil-sensitive peanuts were observed only in the rhizosphere soils of the pH 4.70 field but not in the bulk soils or the pH 5.58 field.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Peanut genotypic stress tolerance imprints the rhizobacterial community and association network patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>Our findings provided resistant cultivar resources for peanut cultivation and breeding in acidic soils and highlighted the rhizobacterial community and association network patterns as indicators of genotypic peanut stress tolerance in acid soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking sorghum and maize for both yield and economic advantage in the US Great Plains","authors":"Federico Gomez ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Sanchis ,&nbsp;Víctor Giménez,&nbsp;Jane Lingenfelser,&nbsp;Ana Carcedo ,&nbsp;Ignacio Massigoge ,&nbsp;P.V. Vara Prasad,&nbsp;Ignacio Ciampitti","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109769","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context or problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Great Plains region of the United States (US) has a rich history of growing summer crops such as maize (&lt;em&gt;Zea mays&lt;/em&gt; L.) and sorghum (&lt;em&gt;Sorghum bicolor&lt;/em&gt; L. Moench). Sorghum is highly valued for its resilience to environmental stressors, particularly drought, while maize is favored for its high yield potential and responsiveness to inputs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative analysis of the overall competitive advantage, both from a yield and economic perspective, and a weather characterization for growing sorghum relative to maize crops across Kansas, US, using a 40-year dataset covering multiple hybrids and 13 unique locations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Data were retrieved from the Kansas Crop Performance Tests, conducted between 1984 and 2023 including environments tested in the same site and year for both sorghum and maize crops. Tests were conducted simultaneously, comparing genotype means across low-, medium-, and high-yield environments. Climate characterization and identification of the key weather variables driving grain yield for each crop were investigated using principal component analysis. The economic analysis focused on data from 2013 to 2022.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maize outperformed sorghum in medium- and high-yield environments, whereas sorghum outperformed maize in low-yield environments (&lt;5.4 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). Sorghum had lower variability (coefficient of variation of yield) than maize in low-yield environments, whereas maize was more stable than sorghum in high-yield environments. Precipitation and heat stress during the growing season were the main factors affecting grain yield of both crops. Water use efficiency (grain yield per mm of precipitation during the growing season, WUE) was greater in sorghum than that of maize when precipitation was less than 312 mm, and the opposite scenario occurred, with maize WUE greater than that of sorghum when precipitation exceeded this threshold. Yield losses due to heat stress were greater in maize relative to sorghum (45 vs. 22 kg of yield decline per °Cd of cumulative maximum temperature above 35°C, respectively). Economically, sorghum became more competitive when maize yield was below 11.6 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; using a 1:1 grain price ratio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study demonstrates that sorghum is still more favorable under current farming practices in the US central Great Plains region in low-yield environments, while maize outperforms sorghum in high-yield environments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study offers a comparative analysis of sorghum and maize under current farming production conditions, utilizing a long-term dataset spanning over four decades. This comprehensive dataset encompasses a diverse range of genotype-site-year combinations. The main findings of this study suggest that sorghum is a viable ","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term diversified cropping promotes wheat yield and sustainability across contrasting climates: Evidence from China and Switzerland","authors":"Zhengjun Yan ,&nbsp;Yi Xu ,&nbsp;Juncong Chu ,&nbsp;Thomas Guillaume ,&nbsp;Luca Bragazza ,&nbsp;Hongjun Li ,&nbsp;Yanjun Shen ,&nbsp;Yadong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaohai Zeng ,&nbsp;Huadong Zang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Crop diversification is extensively advocated to buffer against climate variability and extreme events to increase crop yields and agroecosystem services.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the long-term implications of diversified cropping on wheat yield and soil quality in contrasting climate regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A five-decade field experiment in a temperate sub-maritime climate (Nyon, Switzerland) and a two-decade field experiment in a temperate continental climate (Luancheng, China) were carried out to investigate the effects of diversified cropping on wheat yield, yield stability and sustainability, and soil quality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The long-term diversified cropping increased wheat yield by 16.2% in the sub-maritime climate and 15.0% in the continental climate. In the sub-maritime climate, diversified cropping increased mean wheat yield stability and sustainability by 5.8% and 17.3%, respectively. In the continental climate, diversified cropping increased wheat yield stability by 3.7% and sustainability by 12.3%. Dynamic stability analysis confirmed that wheat yield under diversified cropping was higher in high-yielding years across climates. However, soil organic carbon (C) and soil quality showed minimal variation with long-term cropping systems and tillage practices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Diversified cropping serves as a promising strategy for enhancing wheat yield stability and sustainability while maintaining soil quality.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>This research fills a critical gap in understanding how diversified cropping systems perform under real-world conditions over decades under climate change, offering land managers actionable data for balancing crop productivity with soil quality in sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109764"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term management strategies to optimize phosphorus utilization in a tropical maize and soybean succession","authors":"Lenir Fátima Gotz ,&nbsp;Elton Eduardo Novais Alves ,&nbsp;Thamires Dutra Zancanaro de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Rafael de Souza Nunes ,&nbsp;Leo Murtagh Condron ,&nbsp;Leonardus Vergütz ,&nbsp;Paulo Sergio Pavinato","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>The efficiency of phosphorus (P) input utilization in Brazilian agricultural systems is low (50 %) but can be improved by adopting appropriate management strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess and quantify the combined long-term effects of soil tillage and rates and forms of P fertilizer inputs on soybean [<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merr.] and maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) yield, P use efficiency and soil P availability in a high P-fixing tropical soil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive 22-year field experiment was undertaken in a Brazilian Cerrado soil with two soil tillage systems (conventional-CT and no-tillage-NT) combined with five P fertilizer management, being two sources of P [triple superphosphate (TSP) and Gafsa reactive phosphate rock (RPR)], under two annual rates of P (22 and 44 kg ha^–1), and one control (no P application). Measurements included crop yield, removed P, partial P balance, and soil P [total P, legacy P, and labile P (Mehlich-3)].</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NT and CT systems were equally productive. Plant yield responses were similar for TSP and RPR when 44 kg ha^–1 of P was applied annually, although maize grain yield was 6 % higher for TSP compared with RPR at the lower rate of P application (22 kg ha^–1 yr^–1of P). The low P input rate was not enough to meet crop demand since the partial P balance was 131 % compared with 80 % for the high P input rate, both under TSP application. The same behavior was verified under RPR application, being 115 % compared with 74 % for the low and high rate of P, respectively. In the soil, CT system showed narrower differences between treatments, with a homogeneous distribution of P in depth compared with NT, while the NT system resulted in enhanced P accumulation in the topsoil, especially at the high rate of P fertilizer input.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that the use of an intermediate rate between 22 and 44 kg ha^–1 yr^–1 of P by RPR or TSP, especially under NT, is a recommended management strategy to optimize P utilization by maize and soybean while increase soil P bioavailability in a high P fixing tropical soil.</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>This study confirms that improving phosphate fertilization and soil management practices is key to ensuring the sustainable and efficient utilization of P in tropical agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109767"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme climate weakens the effect of biochar in increasing yield and reducing N2O emissions","authors":"Yeye Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruixue Chen ,&nbsp;Liru Yao ,&nbsp;Chun Yan ,&nbsp;Hongxia Li ,&nbsp;Guangxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Michael Bahn ,&nbsp;Fei Mo ,&nbsp;Juan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Climate change and cropland degradation threaten global food security and greenhouse gas mitigation. Applying biochar has been promoted as a solution to sustain crop yields, reduce nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, and improve soil quality.</div></div><div><h3>Objective and methods</h3><div>However, the long-term patterns of these effects of biochar remain uncertain and may be affected by extreme climatic events. In this 12-year field experiment with different doses of biochar retention, effect size analysis, comprehensive soil health assessment, and structural equation modeling were used to evaluate biochar’s temporal effects on productivity, N₂O emissions, and their relationship with soil environment and aboveground climate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Biochar provided positive impacts, increasing wheat yield by 6.2 %, reducing N₂O emissions by 6.0 %, and improving the soil health index by 9.5 %. Biochar significantly increased soil temperature and moisture in most years. Notably, biochar’s effects on yield and N₂O emissions fluctuated nonlinearly over time. Extreme climate indices had the largest negative effect on yield, while soil properties offered the greatest positive effect. The extreme climate index had the largest positive correlation with the N₂O emission effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Extreme climate events are not conducive to the benefits of biochar in increasing production and reducing N₂O emissions. Growing season climate factors (temperature and precipitation) indirectly enhance the yield-increasing effect of biochar, while growing season precipitation indirectly weakens the effect of biochar in reducing N₂O emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Our work offers a model for sustainable food production, emphasizing the role of biochar in boosting long-term productivity, soil health, and environmental sustainability. However, the resilience of biochar to extreme climate events needs to be viewed with caution. The results provide new insights into the application of biochar for maintaining yield stability and food security under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109765"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key genotype and soil parameters for sugarcane growth: A sensitivity analysis of the SAMUCA model in Brazilian agroecosystems","authors":"Rodolfo Armando de Almeida Pereira ,&nbsp;Marina Luciana Abreu de Melo ,&nbsp;Murilo dos Santos Vianna ,&nbsp;Quirijn de Jong van Lier ,&nbsp;Henrique Bauab Brunetti ,&nbsp;Fábio Ricardo Marin","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Climate constraints drive Brazilian farmers to improve production efficiency. Process-based crop models are crucial for evaluating cultivars, management strategies, and environmental scenarios. To optimize model efficiency and enhance interpretations, it is essential to identify key parameters across diverse production environments.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed at identifying the key genotype and soil parameters for the SAMUCA sugarcane crop model in Brazil's main producing regions, under irrigated and rainfed conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) was performed using two methods: the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (eFAST) and the Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC). A total of 31 parameters of the SAMUCA model were analyzed, including 24 related to genotype and 7 to soil. The GSA was applied across 8 representative sugarcane production environments in Brazil, including both rainfed and irrigated conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under irrigated conditions, key genotype parameters were <em>tillochron</em> and <em>popmat</em>, which explained over 90 % of the variance in tillering. The leaf area index (LAI) was notably affected by genotype parameters, with minimal impact from soil parameters. Under rainfed conditions, both genotype and soil parameters were influential. Over 85 % of the variance in sucrose concentration was explained by the genotype parameter <em>mid_tt_it_gro</em>. For stalk mass, <em>plastochron</em> and <em>eff</em> were the primary parameters. While <em>mla</em> was the main parameter for LAI in irrigated scenarios, the soil parameters were influential in site-specific rainfed scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In irrigated environments, genotype parameters are more influential, whereas in rainfed conditions, soil parameters become more important. This highlights the need for targeted parameter selection to enhance crop model accuracy under varying climates and water availability in sugarcane production environments.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Our findings highlight the need for integrated crop management in sugarcane, emphasizing both genotype and soil factors, especially in rainfed systems. We recommend refining crop models to incorporate more parameters, supporting better decision-making in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing cropping systems and irrigation regimes to mitigate NH3 emissions and enhance crop productivity in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain","authors":"Yanli Wang ,&nbsp;Pengnian Wu ,&nbsp;Haolin Yu ,&nbsp;Jing Shao ,&nbsp;Lingyun Li ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Peimeng Gao ,&nbsp;Shilong Liu ,&nbsp;Jinghui Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Guan ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wen ,&nbsp;Tongchao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agricultural ecosystems in China present a significant environmental challenge, reducing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use and negatively impacting crop yields. Addressing NH₃ emissions is critical for improving both environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the effects of two cropping systems: winter wheat-maize (W-M) and winter wheat-soybean (W-S) on NH₃ emissions under varying irrigation regimes, with a focus on identifying optimal practices to reduce emissions and enhance nitrogen and crop water productivity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment was conducted in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain to compare the traditional W-M cropping system with an alternative W-S system. The experiment involved three irrigation treatments (W0, W4, and W6) applied during the jointing and filling stages of winter wheat. The WHCNS model was utilized to simulate daily NH₃ emission dynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>The results indicated that irrigation significantly reduced annual NH₃ emissions in both cropping systems, particularly within the first 20 days post-fertilization. In the W-S system, the W6 and W4 irrigation treatments reduced NH₃ emissions by 6.5 %-23.1 % and 6.1 %-16.4 %, respectively, compared to the W-M system. Moreover, the nitrogen yield-scaled emission intensity under W6 in the W-S system increased by 9.8 % compared to W4. All irrigation treatments in the W-S system enhanced grain nitrogen yield, with the W4 treatment achieving the highest yield of 492.3 kg ha⁻¹ and the highest water productivity (WP) of 2.7 kg m⁻³. Implementing the W4 irrigation regime in the W-S cropping system significantly improves grain nitrogen production and water use efficiency while reducing NH₃ emissions compared to the W-M system.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These findings underscore the potential of optimizing cropping systems and irrigation practices to reduce NH₃ emissions. The results contribute to sustainable agricultural practices, improved nitrogen management, and enhanced environmental stewardship, with implications for similar agricultural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109763"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating phosphorus–zinc antagonism in calcareous soils through the interaction of high–zinc wheat and the rhizospheric microbiome","authors":"Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Runze Wang ,&nbsp;Junfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Zikang Guo ,&nbsp;Chenrui Liu ,&nbsp;Yinglong Chen ,&nbsp;Mei Shi ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Context</em>: Selecting high–yielding wheat cultivars with increased zinc (Zn) concentration is a sustainable approach to mitigating the reduction in grain Zn nutrients caused by phosphorus (P) application in high–pH soils. <em>Objective</em>: It is important to understand how high–Zn (H_Zn) wheat enhances Zn uptake under P applications by optimizing the rhizosphere, particularly through the recruitment of beneficial bacteria, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and modification of root morphology. This knowledge is essential for the biofortification of wheat with Zn. <em>Methods</em>: We analyzed Zn rhizo–mobilization, root morphology, Zn uptake, and the microbial composition in the rhizosphere and roots of four high–yielding wheat cultivars with contrasting grain Zn levels. The study was conducted under two P fertilizer rates, 0 and 44 kg P/ha, on the southern Loess Plateau, China. <em>Results</em>: Bacteria potentially alleviating P–Zn antagonisms, such as <em>Rhizobium</em> sp., <em>Sphingomonas</em> sp., and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp., were specially enriched in H_Zn cultivars with P application and demonstrated the ability to promote Zn rhizo–mobilization by decreasing soil pH, resulting in a 69.1 % increase in available Zn concentration. P application reduced root colonization by AM fungi <em>Diversispora densissima</em> in Low–Zn (L_Zn) cultivars but not in H_Zn cultivars, allowing H_Zn cultivars to maintain higher root Zn acquisition efficiency. The P–induced increases in total root length and surface area per plant in H_Zn cultivars were 40 % and 7 % higher, respectively, compared to L_Zn cultivars, while the increase in average root diameter of H_Zn cultivars was 62 % lower than that of L_Zn cultivars. This suggests that the longer, thinner roots with larger surface areas were advantageous for H_Zn cultivars in capturing more Zn from the soil. <em>Conclusion</em>: Therefore, recruiting more beneficial rhizobacteria, maintaining stable root colonization by AM fungi, and optimizing root growth are crucial strategies for H_Zn cultivars to enhance shoot Zn uptake and mitigate P–Zn antagonism. <em>Implications or significance</em>: Combining high–Zn wheat with specific bacteria and fungi at the soil–root interface, along with appropriate P application, holds significant potential for achieving wheat biofortification with Zn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-phenological drivers of black gram (Vigna mungo (L) Hepper) productivity in diverse environments and their implications for crop improvement","authors":"Ashok K. Parihar ,&nbsp;Kali Krishna Hazra ,&nbsp;Amrit Lamichaney ,&nbsp;Debjyoti Sen Gupta ,&nbsp;Anil K. Singh ,&nbsp;Jai Dev ,&nbsp;Samuel Jaberson ,&nbsp;Ajaj A. Lone ,&nbsp;S.P. Das ,&nbsp;Shayla Bindra ,&nbsp;R.K. Panwar ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar ,&nbsp;Arpita Das ,&nbsp;H.K. Borah ,&nbsp;C.S. Mahto ,&nbsp;Shiva Nath ,&nbsp;S.B. Mishra ,&nbsp;Geeta Rai ,&nbsp;E.R. Vaidya ,&nbsp;Mangala Parikh ,&nbsp;G.P. Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Insights into crop eco-phenology and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) are essential for advancing crop improvement strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to (i) elucidate the impact of diverse climatic conditions on the eco-phenology and productivity of black gram and their associations and (ii) evaluate GEI to identify mega-environments for targeted breeding.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-nine black gram genotypes were evaluated across twenty-seven locations spanning five agro-climatic zones of India to delineate crop-environment associations and assess the contribution of GEI factors. Empirical methods were employed to identify mega-environments and ranking genotypes’ stability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Substantial variability in crop traits across locations, measured as coefficients of variation, were observed for days-to-flowering (14 %), days-to-maturity (10 %), reproductive period (RP) (20 %), grain yield (30 %), and 100-seed weight (13 %). Environmental factors accounted for the largest proportion of yield variability (61 %), followed by GEI (31 %). Minimum temperature during flowering and RP significantly influenced grain yield, with high cumulative heat units and low humidity during RP favoring higher productivity. Grain yield demonstrated a positive association with extended RP. The study identified six mega-environments as well as ‘ideal’ testing locations with high desirability indices to enhanced selection efficiency. Among the tested genotypes, IU 92–14 emerged as the most stable across diverse Indian climates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and significance</h3><div>The findings underscore the substantial influence of climatic factors on the phenological developments and productivity of black gram. Strategic breeding program tailored to the identified mega-environments will be pivotal in leveraging positive GEI effects to improve yields in India, with the potential for extrapolation to international contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient root nitrogen transport is a key factor in improving nitrogen utilization and yield of semi-dwarf rapeseed","authors":"Bowen Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Lou ,&nbsp;Yueyao Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenghua Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jie Kuai","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109758","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rational allocation of nitrogen (N) application rates and planting densities is crucial for improving rapeseed yield. However, an increased N application rate reduces N use efficiency (NUE), and a higher planting density elevates the risk of lodging, thus limiting production benefits. Dwarf and compact rapeseed varieties exhibit high lodging resistance but possess low yield potential, while cultivars with conventional plant architecture possess high yield potential but are susceptible to collapse under dense planting. Limited research exists on utilizing the advantages of materials with different plant architectures to enhance N utilization and yield in rapeseed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The experiment was conducted using the dwarf mutant HS5sca, the tall wild-type HS5, and their F1 semi-dwarf and compact hybrid HS5&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;+/sca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; all sharing the same genetic background from 2019 to 2022. The field experiment used a split-split-plot design with three different planting densities (D1, D2, and D3: 15 × 10⁴, 45 × 10⁴, and 75 × 10⁴ plants ha⁻¹) and three different N application rates (N1, N2, and N3: 120, 240, and 360 kg ha⁻¹) to find out how N application rate and planting density affected NUE and yield in different genotypes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;With increasing N rate and planting density, the expression levels of nitrate transporter-encoding genes, &lt;em&gt;BnaC08.NPF6.3&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;BnaA07.NPF4.6&lt;/em&gt;, in roots increased first and then decreased in HS5&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;sca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and HS5&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;+/sca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, reaching the peak at N2 and D2, respectively, while in HS5 they increased with increasing N rate and increased first and then decreased with increasing planting density. Meanwhile, the activities of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase in roots of the three genotypes at the flowering stage increased with increasing N rate, while these enzyme activities increased first and then decreased with increasing planting density. These enzyme activities increased N and dry matter accumulation in both roots and shoots, as well as a higher N contribution rate (NCR). Despite declines in agronomic NUE (aNUE) and the partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) with increasing N rate, the relative growth rates of root and shoot increased, positively affecting yields under most of the treatments. Conversely, NCR and aNUE decreased, while root and shoot N, dry matter accumulation, PFPN and, yield initially increased and then decreased with increasing planting density. Compared with N1, the average yield over three years for HS5&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;sca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, HS5&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;+/sca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, and HS5 increased by 24.5 %, 22.1 %, and 14.6 % at N2, and 8.1 %, 10.2 %, and 4.6 % under D2 compared to D1, respectively. Among the three genotypes, HS5&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;+/sca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; exhibited higher expression of nitrate transporter genes, greater N metabolism-related enzyme activities,","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 109758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}