Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Simple-efficient cultivation for rapeseed under UAV-sowing: Developing a high-density and high-light-efficiency population via tillage methods and seeding rates","authors":"Xiaoqiang Tan , Mingqiang Bai , Zongkai Wang , Chunmei Xiang , Yugui Cheng , Yufeng Yin , Jing Wang , Zhenghua Xu , Jie Zhao , Bo Wang , Jie Kuai , Guangsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>UAV-sowing (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-sowing) technology is an effective approach to promote yield and economic benefits in the rice-rapeseed rotation system. However, in the pursuit of maximizing annual benefits, soil tillage methods, seeding rates, planting densities, and photosynthetic efficiencies need to be optimally integrated to establish a more efficient system.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Field experiments were conducted at multiple sites over several years to explore the yield performance, economic benefits, and the mechanisms underlying high productivity under different tillage patterns and seeding rates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment with a split-plot experimental design was carried out at three representative sites in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) of China: WuHan, YiChang, and XiangYang. Three planting modes, namely CK (tillage with manual sowing, general mode), N (no-tillage with UAV-sowing, potential mode), and T (tillage with UAV-sowing) were set as the main treatments, and three seeding rates S1 (3.75 kg h m<sup>−2</sup>), S2 (5.25 kg h m<sup>−2</sup>), and S3 (6.75 kg h m<sup>−2</sup>) served as the sub-treatments in WuHan, while only N-S3 and CK-S3 were established in Yichang and Xiangyang. The seedling rate, population density, dry matter accumulation dynamics, photosynthetic and physiological indexes, yield, and economic benefits of rapeseed under different cropping patterns were measured and compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From all sites and years, we found that: (1) The highest yield was achieved at the seeding rate of S3 in all modes. As the seeding rate increased from S1 to S3, the yield gap between the N mode and CK as well as T gradually decreased. Moreover, the yield of N-S3 could surpass that of CK-S2 by 5.2–7.5 %, reaching a high-yield level. (2) The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was notably higher in the N mode than in CK by 19.5 % and in T by 11.6 %. (3) The highest seedling number was observed in T-S3, but the highest seedling rate was observed in T-S1. Compared with T-S1, the seedling number in T-S2 and T-S3 increased by 7.2 % and 13.3 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the seedling rate decreased by 14.3 % and 29.5 %, respectively, while the harvest density increased by 46.4 % and 143.1 %, respectively. (4) Through the comparison of various indexes measured in different modes, it was revealed that reasonably dense planting is capable of balancing the conflict between individuals and population and maximizing the greater group productivity. (5) The economic benefits analysis and correlation network analysis indicated that the yield and planting benefits within the high-yield and high-efficiency system showed a significant positive correlation with population density as well as radiation use efficiency (RUE).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and significance</h3><div>Mode N combined with a large seeding rate (S3) effectively reduced planting c","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 109887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifty-four years of ryegrass ear phenology reveals climate change responses","authors":"Trevor J. Gilliland ,&nbsp;Lisa Black ,&nbsp;Sally Watson ,&nbsp;Jeremy Widdowson ,&nbsp;Adam Gauley","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New perennial ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em> L.) cultivars undergo field tests that compare them to all protected cultivars, registering those that are novel and rejecting facsimiles. This involves over-wintering in short-days/low-temperatures to prime plants to initiate reproductive growth when cultivar specific Spring photoperiods are inductive, with subsequent timing of seed-head emergence recorded. Comparing emergence dates over 54 years (1969–2023), on nine indicator groups spanning earliest to latest maturing cultivars, revealed a progressive drift towards earlier emergence, with more compressed distributions in recent years. Analysis of cultivars with 10 + concurrent years confirmed a phenological dependency on incident growing conditions between initiation and emergence, independent of cultivar genotype. Quantifying climatic accumulations between initiation and emergence, revealed that earlier ear emergence was positively and significantly correlated with daily temperature and irradiation trends, but weakly associated with highly variable rainfall. This phenological timing is also annually recorded on a wide diversity of agricultural, amenity, ornamental and vegetable species, at internationally dispersed test centres. Therefore, this study identifies hitherto unrecognised opportunities to interrogate precise and standardised plant responses to changing climatic conditions. As Climate Change impacts vary regionally, such a novel biological indicator network could monitor plant phenology responses to mitigation measures, and globally compare regional impacts on both farmed and natural plant systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 109893"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate the sensitivity of rapeseed lodging under low light：A field study on the biomechanics of stem and root lodging in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Yue Hu ,&nbsp;Hafiz Hassan Javed ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ,&nbsp;Kamran Ghaffor ,&nbsp;Ya-long Liu ,&nbsp;Yu-qin Luo ,&nbsp;Faiza Gulzar ,&nbsp;Xiao Peng ,&nbsp;Yong-cheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar dimming has been increasing and threatening crop production in rapidly developing regions (China). The low light stress caused by reduced radiation affects rapeseed production. Lodging is one of the main causes of yield loss and quality decline in rapeseed. However, few studies have been conducted so far on the mechanisms of shade effects on rapeseed lodging. This study aims to investigate the effects of low light on the lodging resistance, structural and biomechanical characteristics of four rapeseed genotypes and determine which lodging type (stem and root lodging) is more common under low light stress based on actual lodging conditions in the field. Shading net was used to investigate the bending strength of stems and root-related parameters. The results showed that low light significantly reduced stem and root lodging resistance, manifested as a decrease in stem bending strength and root anchoring strength, respectively. low light significantly reduced stem diameter (12.6 %) and second moment of area (37 %). low light also reduced stem anatomical parameters, especially cortical thickness (5.4 %) and lignin area (24.9 %). The significant reduction in root length, root diameter, root depth, root bending strength, and root tip strength leads to a shallower root layer, thereby affecting the root anchoring strength. Differences in root plane coverage area and root-soil cone volume exist between genotypes. low light reduced the safety factor of stem and root, but the decrease in root safety factor was higher. Besides that, lodging ratio data showed that, root lodging is more likely to occur under low light treatment as compared to stem lodging. The results of this study indicate that under low light stress, especially in low light areas, rapeseed genotypes with strong roots and high anchoring strength should be selected to improve lodging resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 109881"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating UAV and satellite LAI data into a modified DSSAT-rapeseed model to improve yield predictions","authors":"Chufeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Ling ,&nbsp;Jie Kuai ,&nbsp;Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Ni Ma ,&nbsp;Liangzhi You ,&nbsp;William D. Batchelor ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Yield estimation in the fall is crucial for effective pre-winter management of winter rapeseed. Integrating remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) with crop models has great potential for improving simulations of crop yields.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to modify the DSSAT-Rapeseed model and by integrating LAI adjustments from satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images to improve the accuracy of rapeseed yield predictions at early stages from both experimental plots and actual farm fields.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A new pest definition, called \"target LAI,\" was created in the COGRO048.PST file within the pest module of DSSAT. The DSSAT model was then modified to adjust leaf weight, leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content based on remotely sensed target LAI. Field investigations and UAV-derived LAI data from two years and two experimental stations were used to calibrate model parameters through a trial-and-error method, selecting the parameter set that minimized the error between model outputs (e.g., LAI and crop yield) and observations. The model's performance was tested with yield data from a different year at the same stations, using pre-winter LAI assimilated through the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). For actual farm fields, dynamic LAI data from Sentinel-2A was integrated with the modified DSSAT model for yield simulation and compared with ground measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By assimilating LAI into the modified DSSAT model, the mean absolute error (MAE) for yield simulation was reduced from 452 to 234 kg/ha in the experimental plot and from 443 to 259 kg/ha in actual farm fields compared to the original DSSAT model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Integrating UAV and satellite LAI during pre-winter into the modified DSSAT model using data assimilation (EnKF) improved the rapeseed yield prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 109883"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild water deficit under reasonable dense planting ensures maize yield and improves water use efficiency by coordinating source-sink relationship","authors":"Yining Ma ,&nbsp;Shengju Yang ,&nbsp;Risheng Ding ,&nbsp;Taisheng Du ,&nbsp;Shaozhong Kang ,&nbsp;Ling Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Despite the effectiveness of dense planting and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) in conserving water and stabilizing yields in arid regions, the underlying mechanisms of yield formation, specifically the source-sink relationship are still inadequately researched.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study seeks to explore the impact of varying planting densities and RDI on maize source-sink characteristics to identify yield-limiting factors. The goal is to finding a suitable maize planting model for water conservation and stable yields in arid regions of northwest China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment was conducted during the maize growing seasons of 2020 and 2021, with two planting density (70,000 plants/ha (D1) and 90,000 plants/ha (D2)) and three water treatments (full irrigation (W1), mild water deficit (W2) and moderate water deficit (W3)).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under the same degree of water stress, leaf area duration increased with the increase of planting density. The dry matter accumulation at D2 density increased by 10–20 % and 13–20 % under W1 and W2 treatments, respectively, compared to D1. The source-sink differences were positive for most treatments, indicating that total source supply still had a surplus after fulfilling total sink growth. At D2 density, only the D2W2 treatment had a positive source-sink difference in both years, it had the smallest value. The source-sink ratio of D2W2 treatment was 1.08 and 1.02 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Compared to D2W1, the yield per unit area of D2W2 was slightly lower (2–3 %), but water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency increased by 12–14 % and 13–17 % respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><div>Mild water stress (W2) applied at high density (D2) effectively regulated the source-sink balance without altering the limiting effect of insufficient sink capacity on yield. While slightly reducing yield per unit area, the D2W2 treatment significantly improved water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency and effectively served as a form of regulated deficit irrigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 109888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved sustainability of grain production by intercropping and partial organic substitution in the North China Plain","authors":"Bowen Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Wuzhi Hua ,&nbsp;Jeroen C.J. Groot ,&nbsp;Fusuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Wopke van der Werf ,&nbsp;Wen-Feng Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Introduction of intercropping with legumes and partial organic nitrogen (N) substitution is thought to benefit the sustainability of grain production systems but there is a need for better evidence on the effectiveness and economic outcomes of these measures.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Here, we assess whether integrating maize/soybean intercropping and partial organic substitution into maize-wheat double cropping can reduce annual N inputs while sustaining high productivity and profitability, and simultaneously lowering N surplus and greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Field experiment was conducted for three cropping systems (maize-wheat, soybean-wheat, and maize/soybean intercrop-wheat) and two fertilizer treatments: 100 % synthetic N and 30 % organic N substitution.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Over two years, soybean-wheat and intercrop-wheat produced 17.7 % and 14.3 % higher grain protein yields than maize-wheat, but total grain yield was lower by 36.8 % and 9.2 %, respectively. N surpluses were reduced by 40.7 % and 14.9 % in soybean-wheat and intercrop-wheat, respectively. As a result, soil mineral N accumulation was 18.5 % and 12.5 % lower in soybean-wheat and intercrop-wheat, respectively, than in maize-wheat. Correspondingly, greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 35.1 % and 26.0 %. Net revenue from intercrop-wheat was 16.4 % higher than that of maize-wheat in the first year. Organic N substitution reduced soil N accumulation and N₂O emissions without affecting other performance indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These results demonstrate that intercropping and partial organic fertilizer substitution can reduce environmental impacts while maintaining economic viability, supporting the adoption of these practices in the North China Plain for more sustainable grain production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation progress and challenges of winter wheat breeding in China under climate warming","authors":"Wanrui Han,&nbsp;Yaobin Liu,&nbsp;Shengnan Wang,&nbsp;Muhammad Fraz Ali,&nbsp;Lijuan Ma,&nbsp;Xiang Lin,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Plant breeding has successfully adapted crops globally, with one of the emerging challenges being the adaptation to progressively warmer days and nights. While the adaptation of wheat varieties to future climate conditions is crucial, a thorough understanding of this process remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Here, we evaluated genetic advancement under current and future climates by using a dataset of real wheat breeding trials using 9669 wheat varieties from 2012 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>The findings revealed the following: Under climate change, yield decreased by mean 1.44 % for advanced wheat breeding strains, compared with that of the check varieties (-2.49 %). Yields of advanced wheat breeding lines decreased by mean 3.16 % per 1 °C warming compared with those of check varieties (-4.52 %), indicating the superior climate resilience of the former. Wheat yield losses due to warming occurred frequently in the later stages of wheat growth (heading-maturity). Under the future climate in four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, SSP5–8.5), advanced winter wheat breeding varieties had difficulty overcoming the declining yield trend, suggesting that breeding heat-tolerant wheat varieties will continue to be a priority and a challenge in managing under the conditions of climate warming.</div></div><div><h3>Significant</h3><div>Our study highlights that accelerating the current progress in breeding for heat tolerance in wheat is imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109889"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super hybrid rice improved yield by increasing spikelet amount and efficiency under optimized density-nitrogen cultivation","authors":"Jialin Ge ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Song ,&nbsp;Huanhe Wei ,&nbsp;Qigen Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109859","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The production pattern of super hybrid rice is high-input, high-yield, and low efficiency. Increasing the number of total spikelets can improve grain yield under combined density-nitrogen cultivation. However, spikelet production efficiency has received less attention, and the association between yield and spikelet production (including amount and efficiency) remains unclear.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study evaluated the synergistic mechanism between yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency of super hybrid rice cultivars under combined density-nitrogen conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Super hybrid rice cultivars were planted under combined density-nitrogen conditions to create various rice populations with different numbers of total spikelets. Path analysis was conducted on yield components. Spikelet characteristics and nutrients dynamics were described during panicle and spikelet development. Spikelet production efficiencies were calculated, and their relationships with the number of total spikelets and yield were evaluated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The number of total spikelets was the most influential factor in yielding components of super hybrid rice. Among cultivars, super hybrid rice CYQH achieved the highest yield, number of total spikelets, and SPE&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;， and it showed the second-best performance for spikelet number per panicle, SPE&lt;sub&gt;DM&lt;/sub&gt;, and SPE&lt;sub&gt;NSC&lt;/sub&gt;. Among treatments, the highest yield, number of total spikelets, and SPE&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; were realized under the combined density-nitrogen treatment HDHN. The increased number of total spikelets was adjusted by the number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, especially the enhanced secondary branches and spikelets. The dry mass, NSC and nitrogen content increased continuously during panicle and spikelet development, while the C&lt;sub&gt;NSC&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt; decreased first and then increased. Positive correlations existed between yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency. Moreover, there were positive correlations between spikelet number per panicle, secondary branch number, secondary spikelet number and shoot nitrogen content.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study demonstrated that grain yield, the number of total spikelets and spikelet production efficiency could be synergistically improved in super hybrid rice cultivars. The number of total spikelets was the most influential factor in yield. The improved secondary branches and spikelets increased the spikelets per panicle. The dry mass, NSC, N accumulations and C&lt;sub&gt;NSC&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt; provided nutritional support for panicle and spikelet development. The enhanced spikelet production efficiency suggested a highly coordinated sink-source relationship. The treatment HDHN produced more spikelets to form grain yield, improved nutrient accumulations, and increased the spikele","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear background temperature dependency of winter wheat yield across the China’s main producing areas under climate warming","authors":"Mengting Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoran Yang ,&nbsp;Chenghao Wei ,&nbsp;Mengkai Wang ,&nbsp;Changqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109879","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Climate warming is widely anticipated to impact winter wheat yields, yet the regional disparities and uncertainties associated with its effects on these yields complicate the extrapolation of experimental findings to broader geographical areas and larger scales.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our research aims to clarify the regional response characteristics of winter wheat yields to climate warming in China.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our research compiled data from the literature published in recent years on warming experiments in main winter wheat-producing areas of China, as well as from our multi-year warming experiments. Our study developed a spatial projection model to forecast alterations in winter wheat yields under prospective climate scenarios. This model integrated meta-analytic approaches, advanced mathematical statistical methods, and sophisticated spatial analysis techniques.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study demonstrated that the impact of global warming on winter wheat yields exhibited significant regional heterogeneity, with effects strongly related to the initial background air temperature of the region. A diurnal continuous warming response model constructed based on meta-analysis reveals a distinct threshold characteristic in winter wheat's response to climate warming. When the background air temperature is below 10.7°C, warming can increase winter wheat yields, whereas above this threshold, it may lead to a reduction in yields. For China's main winter wheat production areas, a 1°C increase in temperature can lead to a 5.12 % increase in yield. And according to current climate scenario predictions, by 2050, climate warming is projected to result in a net increase of 6.02 % in winter wheat production.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The impact of climate warming on winter wheat yields exhibits a linear response relationship with the regional background temperature. A critical temperature threshold of 10.7°C divides winter wheat production areas into warming-benefit zones and warming-stress zones. This finding suggests that the simplistic assumption of \"warming leads to yield reduction\" may introduce systematic bias in assessing the effects of climate change. It highlights the necessity of incorporating regional temperature baselines for differentiated predictions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study provides decision-making support for regional winter wheat production. By identifying suitable planting areas for winter wheat based on temperature response thresholds, it guides the moderate expansion of cultivation in low-temperature potential zones and the adjustment of variety distribution in high-temperature risk zones. It offers a quantitative basis for developing differentiated adaptation strategies for winter wheat production, such as variety breeding and sowing date adjustments. Additionally, embedding temperature threshold parameters into c","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How changes in cover crop termination timing affect soybean yield? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Camila Rebelatto Muniz ,&nbsp;Tatiane Severo Silva ,&nbsp;Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira ,&nbsp;Shawn Conley ,&nbsp;Spyridon Mourtzinis ,&nbsp;Joe McClure ,&nbsp;Seth Naeve ,&nbsp;Rachel Vann ,&nbsp;Matheus de Freitas Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cover crops (CCs) are widely adopted in the United States for their benefits, such as improving nutrient retention, soil stability, and weed control. However, some of the effects of CC termination timing on soybean productivity remain uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of CC termination timing on soybean yield through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 studies conducted in the US over the past decade.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A meta-analysis was performed to assess CC effects across regions, focusing on variables such as CC family, termination timing, method, and local environmental conditions, including precipitation and soil pH.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the Midwest, Poaceae (e.g., cereal rye, <em>Secale cereale</em>) reduced soybean yield, while legumes increased yield by up to 22.4%. In the South, CC effects were neutral. Mid-April termination improved yield by up to 12% for maturity groups I–III, which consist of short-cycle cultivars that reach maturity faster for harvesting, allowing for efficient resource use. In contrast, late termination (April–May) reduced yield by 4.5% for maturity groups IV–V, which have longer growth cycles. Late planting accelerates flowering of soybean cultivars of groups IV–V, shortening the growth cycle and reducing yield. Furthermore, rainfall limitations in late plantings may be more intense when cultivars with longer cycles are planted due to the arrival of autumn, harming grain filling and, consequently, yield. Chemical termination in mid-April increased yield by 38%, whereas mechanical methods negated this effect. Precipitation (∼1500 mm) and soil pH above 6.11 were key factors enhancing CC benefits</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the importance of adjusting CC termination timing and methods based on soybean maturity group and regional environmental conditions to optimize productivity and maximize the benefits of CC practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}