Field Crops Research最新文献

{"title":"Changes in lysine content in rice caryopses during grain filling and in response to mid-season nitrogen management","authors":"Kuanyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenli Tao ,&nbsp;Yi Jiang ,&nbsp;Weiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqin Wang ,&nbsp;Junfei Gu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context and problem</h3><div>Lysine (Lys) is the first limiting essential amino acid in rice, and its biosynthesis in caryopses is regulated by nitrogen (N) management. However, the temporal dynamics of Lys content in earlier-flowering superior caryopses (SCs) and later-flowering inferior caryopses (ICs), as well as its distribution across caryopsis layers during grain filling, remains poorly understood. Moreover, variations in Lys anabolism between SCs and ICs, among rice varieties, and in response to mid-season N application have not been fully elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to (1) characterize changes in Lys content in both SCs and ICs during grain filling across different rice varieties; (2) examine the relationship between Lys content in different layers of a caryopsis during grain filling and final Lys content in brown and milled rice; and (3) identify N management practices that enhance Lys biosynthesis in rice grains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two field experiments were conducted for three years. The first experiment involved six rice varieties grown under conventional N management. The second tested four mid-season N treatments, i.e., no N application (N0), N application at panicle initiation (N1), pistil and stamen differentiation (N2), and heading initiation (N3), using two representative rice varieties.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to SCs, ICs exhibited a lower peak increase rate (PIR) of Lys content during grain filling, with varietal differences observed. Varieties with higher PIR had higher Lys accumulation at maturity, especially in ICs. Lys content in the mid and inner layers of developing grains was closely associated with the proportion of Lys in milled rice relative to brown rice at maturity. Enhanced activities of enzymes involved in Lys biosynthesis, rather than catabolism, contributed to higher PIR and Lys retention. Mid-season N application (N1 - N3) significantly increased PIR, Lys biosynthesis enzyme activities, and Lys and total amino acid contents in both brown and milled rice, while also increasing grain yield. Notably, N1 and N2 increased the proportion of Lys in milled rice and enhanced taste quality, whereas N3 reduced both.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Boosting the PIR of Lys and its accumulation in the middle and inner caryopsis layers during grain filling is key to increasing Lys content in milled rice. N application during panicle differentiation effectively promotes this strategy while enhancing both grain yield and eating quality.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>This study offers a practical approach to improving the nutrient quality of rice through optimized mid-season N management focused on enhancing Lys biosynthesis in developing grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of maize, soybean, and mung bean intercropping systems in East Java, Indonesia","authors":"Naoko Kawasaki ,&nbsp;Tjeerd Jan Stomph ,&nbsp;Lotte Suzanne Woittiez ,&nbsp;Wahyu Muji Laksono ,&nbsp;Denis Muba Pandapotan Simanihuruk ,&nbsp;Devi Fitriani ,&nbsp;Narendra Duhita ,&nbsp;Wopke van der Werf","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.)-soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L. (Merr.)) intercropping can enhance land and resource use efficiency, but its performance depends on species interactions, environmental conditions, and management. There is little information on intercrop performance under different configurations without major resource deficits in a tropical climate.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We determined the land use efficency of simultaneously sown, flood irrigated maize-soybean intercropping systems comprising maize, soybean and mung bean in the tropical climate of East Java with moderate fertilizer input, and evaluated how narrow-wide row systems and incorporation of mung bean changed the land use efficiency and productivity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experiments were done during four growing seasons. Two replacement systems used two maize and four soybean rows in alternating strips at local standard spacing or at reduced maize inter-row distances to improve soybean radiation interception (narrow-wide row system). Two additive systems introduced mung bean (<em>Vigna radiata</em> L.) or additional soybean rows.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Additive intercrops had higher land use efficiency (average LER ≈ 1.10) than sole crops or replacement systems (LER = 0.93). The narrow-wide row system improved soybean performance and overall LER without significantly affecting maize yield. Soybean outperformed mung bean in additive systems, while mung bean struggled near maize rows.</div></div><div><h3>Synthesis and implications</h3><div>Simultaneously sown maize-soybean replacement intercropping systems with recommended fertilizer inputs and sufficient water did not have a land use advantage in East Java. Additive systems provided marginal benefits. These findings align with emerging evidence that yield benefits of intercropping are small under simultaneous sowing and adequate resource inputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the differences in the effects of management practices on maize yield and water use efficiency in the North China Plain and Northwest China: A meta-analysis","authors":"Boyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyi Yang ,&nbsp;Ruopu Wang ,&nbsp;Shaozhong Kang ,&nbsp;Taisheng Du ,&nbsp;Ling Tong ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Jia Gao ,&nbsp;Risheng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The North China Plain (NCP) and Northwest (NW) China are both crucial maize-producing regions; but their management practices, such as water management, nitrogen management, mulching and straw return, differ significantly. In the NCP, maize production primarily relies on seasonal precipitation, while the NW region depends heavily on irrigation. Quantifying the differences in the effects of these management practices on maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) between the NCP and NW is challenging due to variations in geographic location, climate, soil properties, and human factors.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objectives of this study were to quantify the differences in the impacts of different management practices on maize yield and WUE between the NCP and NW, and assess the relative importance of these management practices on maize yield and WUE in each regions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 1058 datasets from the NCP and NW, providing insights into the differences in the effects of management practices on maize yield and WUE. In addition, random forest analysis was employed to quantify the importance of different management practices on maize yield and WUE in the two regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>The management practices had a greater effect on maize yield and WUE in the NW than that in the NCP, attributed to the NW's lower precipitation, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents. Among these practices, nitrogen management had the most significant impact on yield and WUE, followed by mulching practices, straw return, and water management. Specifically, drip irrigation significantly increased maize WUE by 31.0 % compared with flood irrigation. The most pronounced improvements in yield (71.1 %) and WUE (64.6 %) were observed at a nitrogen application rate of 150–225 kg ha⁻¹. Additionally, plastic film mulching demonstrated more significant yield and WUE compared to straw mulching. Mild deficit irrigation improved WUE without significantly affecting yield, while severe deficit irrigation increased WUE but significantly reduced yield. Nitrogen management and mulching practices improved maize yield and WUE in the NW more effectively compared with the NCP. In the relative importance analysis, considering environmental factors (meteorological and soil factors), nitrogen application and irrigation amounts were essential for affecting maize yield and WUE in the NW, whereas irrigation amount and seasonal precipitation were more critical in the NCP.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study provides scientific support for improving maize yield and WUE in both the NCP and NW through specific management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110065"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusted CBA-Wheat model for predicting aboveground biomass in winter wheat from hyperspectral data","authors":"Jingshu Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaye Yu ,&nbsp;Yang Meng ,&nbsp;Limin Gu ,&nbsp;Francesco Rossi ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenchao Zhen ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>Crop aboveground biomass (AGB) is a key indicator of photosynthesis and carbon cycle dynamics in agricultural ecosystems. The availability of accurate, real-time AGB data enables efficient resource management and precision farming. The crop biomass algorithm for wheat (CBA-Wheat) estimates winter wheat AGB using vegetation index (VI) and Zadoks stage (ZS), but acquiring ZS data through field surveys is challenging for large-scale applications.</div></div><div><h3>Objective or research question</h3><div>This study aimed to optimize the CBA-Wheat model by incorporating the concept of the relative day of the year (RDOY) as a replacement for ZS and combining it with VI to enhance the performance of the wheat growth model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We proposed the concept of RDOY to replace the traditional ZS, thereby optimizing the CBA-Wheat model. The study used data from Xiaotangshan, Beijing, from 2013 to 2020 for model development. The validation dataset included 2021 Xiaotangshan data, 2010 suburban Beijing data, and 2012 Yucheng, Shandong data for testing the model’s temporal and spatial transferability. Additionally, we compared the performance of the CBA-Wheat_RDOY model with machine learning models, including Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest (RF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that the modified CBA-Wheat_RDOY model, utilizing the modified simple ratio vegetation index (MSR) as an input parameter, achieved the highest AGB estimation accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.82 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.71 t/ha. This result surpassed the performance of partial least squares regression (R² = 0.78, RMSE = 1.48 t/ha) and random forest (R² = 0.73, RMSE = 2.03 t/ha) models when RDOY was introduced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight the effectiveness of introducing RDOY in improving the accuracy of winter wheat biomass estimation within the CBA-Wheat model. Moreover, RDOY is a superior alternative to traditional phenological observations and can potentially enhance the performance of conventional machine learning models.</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>Compared with existing algorithms, the CBA-Wheat_RDOY model, grounded in RDOY, not only responds sensitively to various phenological stages but also exhibits improved inversion accuracy. This approach holds promising potential for enhancing the timeliness and spatial extrapolation of winter wheat AGB predictions, advancing precision agriculture and ecosystem management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of high yield formation and carbon budget surplus in ratoon rice and its rhizosphere microecological responses","authors":"Jinying Li ,&nbsp;Hailong Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Qin ,&nbsp;Bianhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengying Chen ,&nbsp;Peiying Weng ,&nbsp;Chunlin Guo ,&nbsp;Chaojie Lan ,&nbsp;Jingnan Zou ,&nbsp;Zhimin Lin ,&nbsp;Wenfang Lin ,&nbsp;Wenfei Wang ,&nbsp;Changxun Fang ,&nbsp;Zhixing Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongfei Chen ,&nbsp;Wenxiong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ratoon rice cultivation system exhibits high-yield and low-emission characteristics, with carbon (C) sequestration and emissions in paddy fields being influenced by rhizosphere microorganisms. However, the relationship between these effects and microbial nutritional strategies remains unclear. This study utilized four rice varieties with distinct growth durations as materials to analyze the effects and mechanisms of yield formation, rhizosphere microbial dynamics, and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) in the main crop (MC), ratoon season rice (RSR), and single mid-late rice (LR) during 2023–2024. Results showed that the daily average yield of ratoon rice (MC+RSR) increased by 77.65 %-86.82 % compared to LR. Analysis of photosynthate allocation revealed that RSR exhibited 72.09 % and 77.35 % reductions in rhizodeposition compared to MC and LR, respectively. Analysis of microbial trophic strategies revealed a 55.54 % and 32.36 % increase in autotroph abundance in RSR relative to MC and LR. Investigation of greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) and NECB confirmed that the ratoon rice system (MC+RSR) reduced its daily carbon emission index by 52.74 %-56.08 % compared to LR. The MC+RSR system acted as a carbon sink, sequestering 3.12–10.47 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ , whereas LR functioned as a carbon source, emitting 3.08–4.48 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ . Therefore, ratoon rice system extends the utilization period of light and thermal resources, enhances yield, and achieves carbon budget surplus. The increase in autotrophic bacteria and corresponding decrease in heterotrophic bacteria represent a critical rhizosphere microecological resilience response to soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative effects of potassium application on potato tuber yield, quality, and potassium uptake in China: A meta-analysis","authors":"Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiukang Wang ,&nbsp;Hao He ,&nbsp;Haochen Wang ,&nbsp;Bolun Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiju Liu ,&nbsp;Ruixue Chen ,&nbsp;Yaru Zhang ,&nbsp;Yandong Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Ren ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Potato is a potassium (K)-sensitive staple crop with an essential role in ensuring food security in China. However, there have been no previous systematic quantitative analyses of the effects of K application on the potato tuber yield, quality, and K uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Objective and methods</h3><div>Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 2165 observations from 192 publications to quantify the effects of K application on the potato tuber yield, quality, and K uptake, and to analyze the key related factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>K application could significantly increase the yield (19.2 %), starch content (6.7 %), crude protein content (7.9 %), vitamin C content (9.6 %), and K uptake (40.5 %), and significantly decrease the reducing sugar content (16.1 %) compared with no K application. Climatic conditions with mean annual precipitation &gt; 800 mm and mean annual temperature &gt; 12°C facilitated optimal increases in the tuber yield and K uptake, but were not conducive to increasing quality. KNO₃ application was more effective for improving the yield than K₂SO₄ and KCl. Furthermore, split application of 150–200 kg ha^–1 K₂SO₄ was beneficial for increasing the tuber quality (starch and vitamin C) and K uptake at a planting density of 6–7 × 10⁴ plants ha^–1 under mulching conditions, and the effect was most pronounced in soils with soil organic matter &gt; 30 g kg^–1, total nitrogen &gt; 1.5 g kg^–1, exchangeable K &lt; 100 mg kg^–1, and available phosphorus = 10–20 mg kg^–1. Based on the sustainable potassium application program, the optimal K application rates for the northeast, northwest, southwest, north, and southeast regions of China were determined as 76.1 kg ha^–1, 170.3 kg ha^–1, 168.7 kg ha^–1, 225.8 kg ha^–1, and 146.6 kg ha^–1, respectively, which can simultaneously achieve the optimal potato tuber yield, environmental benefits, and quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and implications</h3><div>This study provides an important reference for formulating appropriate K fertilizer management strategies to achieve sustainable potato production in different regions of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110061"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of rice blast drives yield benefits from variety mixture in rice: A meta-analysis","authors":"Tao Song ,&nbsp;Chaochun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Dong ,&nbsp;Zhan Xu ,&nbsp;Chunjie Li ,&nbsp;David Makowski ,&nbsp;Fusuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Wopke van der Werf","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Rice blast, caused by the fungus <em>Magnaporthe oryzae,</em> is the most important disease of rice globally. Variety mixture can greatly reduce the incidence of rice blast and increase yield. However, the effectiveness of variety mixture as a disease control method varies across studies, and no overarching synthesis of the available data has been made to date.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Here, we synthesized the available experimental data on the effect of variety mixture on rice blast and yield by quantifying the disease reduction and yield gain in mixtures of glutinous and hybrid rice cultivars in relation to nitrogen (N) fertilization and the use of fungicides.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched the global literature for field studies on disease control and yield benefits from variety mixture in rice and synthesized 1255 observations from 38 publications using meta-analysis and meta-regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The disease odds were reduced by 68 % on average in variety mixtures as compared to pure stands, and the reduction was substantially greater in blast-susceptible glutinous rice varieties (80 %) than in the more blast-resistant hybrid rice varieties (34 %). Variety mixture provided a similar level of disease control in glutinous rice as the use of fungicides. Blast-resistant hybrid rice varieties became susceptible to blast at high fertilizer N input but the disease controlling effect of mixture was unaffected by fertilizer N input. The relative yield total in mixture relative to pure stands increased with disease pressure; from 1.08 to 1.36 if the disease incidence in the pure stands increased from 0 % to 100 %. At the same time, the relative yield increased from 0.92 to 1.06 for hybrid rice (land share 0.84), and from 0.16 to 0.30 for glutinous rice (land share 0.16).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Variety mixture significantly decreases blast incidence while increasing grain yield of rice as compared with pure stands. The level of blast control by mixture is not significantly impacted by the quantity of N fertilizer, the use of fungicides, or the phase of the epidemic. The control effectiveness of variety mixture on susceptible cultivars is similar to that of fungicides. The relative increase in yield due to variety mixture is greater at high than low disease incidence in the pure stands.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Variety mixture offers a sustainable and environmental friendly solution for promoting the cultivation of indigenous rice varieties with high market and cultural value but low resistance to blast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields: The role of livestock integration and rice-soybean rotation","authors":"Luiz Gustavo de O. Denardin ,&nbsp;Lucas A. Alves ,&nbsp;Amanda P. Martins ,&nbsp;João Pedro M. Flores ,&nbsp;Luciano P. Brawers ,&nbsp;Dionata Filippi ,&nbsp;Deborah P. Dick ,&nbsp;Ibanor Anghinoni ,&nbsp;Paulo César de F. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Flávio Anastácio de O. Camargo","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS) appear as a good alternative to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in irrigated rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.). Coupled with crop rotation with legumes, these are effective systems to improve soil nitrogen (N) availability and rice yields.</div></div><div><h3>Objetive</h3><div>We aimed to evaluate the NUE and quantify N fertilizer use by irrigated rice, in different no-till ICLS in subtropical paddy fields.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two ICLS were evaluated in comparison with the traditional system in Brazilian paddy fields, based on soil disturbance, rice monocropping, and winter fallow period (R–CT). The ICLS were characterized by annual ryegrass pasture under beef cattle grazing during the winter season and rice monocropping (R–ICLS) or rice-soybean rotation (R/S–ICLS) during the summer season under no-till. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the rice response to N fertilization. In a greenhouse experiment, ¹⁵N-labelled urea was used for evaluation of N use from fertilizer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The N fertilization increased grain yield by 4 Mg ha⁻¹ across all three systems. However, at the average N application rates, the R/S-ICLS system achieved the highest grain yield (9.7 Mg ha⁻¹), followed by the R-ICLS system (7.9 Mg ha⁻¹), while the R-CT system had the lowest yield (6.8 Mg ha⁻¹). The R-CT system exhibited a greater reliance on fertilizer-derived nitrogen, with 74 % of the total N accumulated by rice plants originating from the applied fertilizer. In comparison, the R-ICLS system showed a dependence of 46 %, while the R/S-ICLS system had the lowest dependence, at just 24 %. The higher availability of indigenous N in the soil, throughout the growing cycle, is possibly explaining the higher rice yields.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We demonstrated that implementing soil conservation practices, such as no-till farming, along with system diversification through ICLS and rice-soybean rotation, leads to increased system productivity and greater NUE in paddy fields.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Improving NUE is critical for sustainable rice production in subtropical paddy fields. This study shows that ICLS with legume rotation enhance soil N availability, reduce fertilizer dependence, and increase yields. Combining no-till and diversification practices offers a promising strategy for resilient and efficient rice systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of shallow buried drip irrigation and nitrogen management for spring maize in the sandy land of Northwest China","authors":"Yudong Zhou ,&nbsp;Rongxuan Bao ,&nbsp;Haofang Yan ,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hexiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiabin Wu ,&nbsp;Jianyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Delong Tian ,&nbsp;Run Xue ,&nbsp;Biyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limiting of water resources along with poor soil water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy land in Northwest China resulted in low crop water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under traditional irrigation. Optimization of shallow buried drip irrigation (SBDI) and fertilizer application for the sandy land is significantly important in improving the efficiency of the local agriculture production. In this study, a two-year (2022 and 2023) field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of irrigation quota and nitrogen application amount on spring maize growth, grain yield, actual water consumption (<em>ET</em>), water use efficiency (<em>WUE</em>) and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (<em>PFPN</em>) under three irrigation quota (375, 300 and 225 m³ hm^–2, designated as T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and nitrogen application amounts (600, 450 and 300 kg hm^–2, designated as N1, N2 and N3, respectively). The results showed that:1) The plant height of T1N1was significantly higher compared to T3-level treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and stem diameter and <em>LAI</em> also showed significant advantages over T1N3. There was no significant difference in aboveground dry matter mass between T1N1 and T1N2, but both of them were significantly higher than T1N3. 2) Irrigation quota and nitrogen application amount had a significant impact on the yield components and yield of spring maize. Yield analysis revealed that T1 increased by 19.74 % compared to T3, while N1 increased by 12.52 % compared to N3. The highest yield (T1N2) reached 14,487.91 kg hm⁻² (2022) and 14,522.34 kg hm⁻² (2023). The irrigation quota, nitrogen application amount, and the interaction between them had a highly significant impact on <em>ET</em>, <em>WUE</em>, and <em>PFPN</em>. The <em>ET</em> increased with the increase of irrigation quota and nitrogen application amount, peaking at 583.1 mm (2022) and 467.3 mm (2023). The <em>WUE</em> peaked at 25.17 kg mm⁻¹ hm⁻² (T2N1) in 2022 and 33.35 kg mm⁻¹ hm⁻² (T2N2) in 2023, respectively, while the <em>PFPN</em> decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, maxing at 42.23 kg kg⁻¹ (T2N3, 2022) and 41.17 kg kg⁻¹ (T1N3, 2023). 3) Based on binary quadratic regression analysis, optimal irrigation quota, nitrogen application amounts were determined to be 314.78–342.98 m³ hm^–2 (4–5 times in high rain years and 6–7 times in normal rain years) and 481.98–498.00 kg hm⁻², respectively, to achieve 95 % of maximum yield potential under SBDI. This study provides a guideline for appropriate water and fertilizer management for sustainable spring maize production in the sandy land of Northwest China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110056"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors comprising tolerance to high temperature induce floret sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in paddy field under common agricultural practices in Cagayan, Philippines","authors":"Tsutomu Matsui ,&nbsp;Evelyn S. Ladia ,&nbsp;Ferdinand B. Enriquez ,&nbsp;Charlotte A. Beronilla ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Kobayasi ,&nbsp;Mayumi Yoshimoto ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Hasegawa ,&nbsp;Norvie L. Manigbas","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110051","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Global warming may increase the occurrence of heat-induced floret sterility in rice. Previous studies have analyzed paths from meteorological and morphological factors to pollination and floret sterility (FS) in well-managed high-temperature experimental paddy fields in China and evaluated the impact of the factors on FS. However, there are no studies on the paths to pollination and FS in paddy fields under real farmers' agricultural practices. Suppressing heat-induced FS under farmers’ management will require the identification of the major factors determining occurrence of FS in those conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to understand the major paths from environment and morphology to the occurrence of sterility in paddy fields under common agricultural practices and to identify the factors comprising the tolerance to FS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Experiments were conducted in farmers’ paddy field in the hot region in the Philippines in dry summers. Twelve cultivars, including three cultivars identified as having wide variation in tolerance to heat-induced FS were used with eight sowing times in two years. Effects of meteorology and rice morphology on pollination and sterility were examined.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The heat-tolerant reference cultivar, Nagina 22, showed stable pollination, but failed to show much lower FS than the other cultivars and the range of FS(%) was narrow (23.4–31.7 %) across the 12 cultivars. Although the path analysis detected the significant paths from meteorological factors and anther traits to FS directly and through pollen germination rate (GR) and floret rate with fewer than 20 pollen grains on the stigma after flowering (FT20TP), coefficient of determination for logit transformed FS was low (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.356). The floret rate with fewer than 10 germinated pollen grains on the stigma (FT10GP) well correlated with FS across days but did not correlate across cultivars. Length of dehiscence formed at basal part of the anther (BDL) of Nagina 22 was moderate and the anthers were short.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Low correlation between FT10GP and FS across cultivars suggested that number of germinated pollen grains required for fertilization varied among cultivars. Differences in high temperature tolerance across cultivars therefore consisted of two steps: pollination stability and the number of germinated pollen grains required for fertilization. Stable pollination in Nagina 22 suggested the advantage of short anthers for stable pollination.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study emphasized a concept of the number of germinating pollen grains required for fertilization. The question of what factors generate the variation in the number of germinated pollen grains required for fertilization in farmers' fields under their management is a further issue. How the short anthers of N22, which have been considered a ","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110051"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}