浸出量和滴灌方式对北疆棉田水盐分布及籽棉产量的影响

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109947

Qingyang Hu, Hongxia Cao, Zijian He, Haolei Shi, Zhiwen Ren, Chen Qi

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在中国棉花主产区新疆，水资源短缺和土壤盐碱化是农业可持续发展面临的挑战。虽然滴灌提高了用水效率，但它不足以有效地管理盐分，因此将滴灌与淋滤相结合是一种很有前途的策略。然而，这种同时控制盐度和节约用水的综合方法的最佳灌溉管理仍然不确定。目的研究不同淋洗量和滴灌方式对土壤水盐运移、脱盐效率、棉花生长、产量和灌溉水分生产力（IWP）的影响，确定不同滴灌方式下的最佳淋洗量。方法通过在中国新疆进行为期三年（2020年、2021年和2022年）的实地研究来验证这一假设。在生育期不进行淋洗的地表滴灌（DI）作为对照（CK）。试验包括3种浸出量（120、240和360 mm），以及地表滴灌和地下滴灌（SDI）两种滴灌方式。结果在120 mm浸出量下，SDI促进了更深的湿润锋面，使30 ~ 60 cm层土壤盐分含量（SSC）比DI降低28.85 % ~ 38.49 %。相反，DI使0 ~ 20 cm层土壤含水量（SWC）增加13.2 % ~ 19.1 %，使SSC降低10.44 % ~ 14.25 %，但诱导20 ~ 40 cm层盐分积累，SSC增加12.7 % ~ 18.3 %。在此条件下，SDI比DI增产8.24 % ~ 13.00 %。在240 mm浸出量下，DI和SDI均能有效促进浸出，与对照相比，SWC提高20.4 % ~ 47.3 %，SSC降低34.70 % ~ 70.50 %。此外,棉花株高、茎径、叶面积指数和干物质积累增加了53.48  % % -69.17,48.37  % % -70.55,107.58  % % -134.62,和97.97  % % -114.73,分别在CK,实现提高籽棉产量(6072.46 - -7439.94 公斤 公顷−1)和改进的国际写作计划(0.932 - -1.33 公斤 m³)。过量浸出量（360 mm）使IWP降低14.87 % ~ 17.29 %，但未提高产量。将240 mm浸出量与DI/SDI相结合，解决了水盐权衡问题，为盐碱地的可持续棉花生产提供了可扩展的策略。

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Effects of leaching amounts and drip irrigation types on water-salt distribution and seed cotton yield in northern Xinjiang, China

Context

In Xinjiang, the primary cotton-producing region of China, water scarcity and soil salinity challenge sustainable agriculture. While drip irrigation enhances water efficiency, it is inadequate for effective salinity management, making the integration of drip irrigation with leaching a promising strategy. However, the optimal irrigation management of this integrated approach to simultaneously control salinity and conserve water remains uncertain.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the effects of different leaching amounts and drip irrigation types on soil water-salt transport, desalination efficiency, and cotton growth, yield, and irrigation water productivity (IWP), and to determine the optimum leaching amount under different drip irrigation types.

Methods

This hypothesis was tested through a three-year field study (2020, 2021 and 2022) in Xinjiang, China. Surface drip irrigation (DI) without leaching in the reproductive period served as the control (CK). The experiment included three leaching amounts (120, 240 and 360 mm) combined with two drip irrigation types: surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI).

Results

At 120 mm leaching amount, SDI promoted deeper wetting fronts, reducing soil salt content (SSC) in the 30–60 cm layer by 28.85 %-38.49 % versus DI. Conversely, DI increased soil water content (SWC) in the 0–20 cm layer by 13.2 %-19.1 % and lowered SSC by 10.44 %-14.25 %, but induced salt accumulation in the 20–40 cm layer, with SSC increasing by 12.7 %-18.3 %. Under these conditions, SDI increased yield by 8.24 %-13.00 % over DI. With 240 mm leaching amount, both DI and SDI effectively enhanced leaching, increasing SWC by 20.4 %-47.3 % and reducing SSC by 34.70 %-70.50 %, compared with CK. Additionally, cotton plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation increased by 53.48 %-69.17 %, 48.37 %-70.55 %, 107.58 %-134.62 %, and 97.97 %-114.73 %, respectively, over CK, achieving higher seed cotton yields (6072.46–7439.94 kg ha⁻¹) and improved IWP (0.932–1.33 kg m^-³). Excessive leaching amount (360 mm) decreased IWP by 14.87 %-17.29 % without yield improvement.

Significance

Integrating 240 mm leaching amount with DI/SDI resolves water-salt trade-offs, offering a scalable strategy for sustainable cotton production in saline-alkali cultivated lands.

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.