Evaluation of soil quality and system sustainability in ratoon rice paddy field under green manure application in central China

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110087

Ying Xu , Qiwen Hou , Jinbiao Xiang , Mutian Gao , Pufan Shao , Sheng Chen , Zhiqiang Fu , Pan Long , Cheng Huang

{"title":"Evaluation of soil quality and system sustainability in ratoon rice paddy field under green manure application in central China","authors":"Ying Xu , Qiwen Hou , Jinbiao Xiang , Mutian Gao , Pufan Shao , Sheng Chen , Zhiqiang Fu , Pan Long , Cheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110087","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The ratoon rice (RR) system is increasingly recognized as an important rice-based cropping strategy for ensuring food security in China. Incorporating green manure through crop rotation is widely practiced to improve soil quality and increase rice yields. However, its effects on crop growth, soil quality, and the sustainability of the RR system are still not well understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate crop characteristics and soil physicochemical and biological indicators, and to assess RR system performance using the soil quality index area (<span><math><mrow><mi>SQI</mi><mo>∼</mo><mi>area</mi></mrow></math></span>) and the sustainability index (SI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was carried out to examine the effects of green manure application with two RR varieties (YLY911 and LY6326) under three rotation scenarios: fallow-RR (FA), rapeseed-RR (RA), and milk vetch-RR (MV), where rapeseed and milk vetch were incorporated into the soil in situ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the FA treatment, both RA and MV treatments significantly improved RR growth, nitrogen uptake, grain yield, soil nutrient content, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels. On average across years, seasons, and varieties, RA and MV increased <span><math><mrow><mi>SQI</mi><mo>∼</mo><mi>area</mi></mrow></math></span> by 39.10 % and 70.41 % in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and by 37.78 % and 63.65 % in the 10–20 cm layer, respectively. Similarly, SI increased by 20.38 % and 33.93 % in the 0–10 cm layer, and by 24.40 % and 37.74 % in the 10–20 cm layer. Under MV treatment, LY6326 showed higher system sustainability than YLY911. Partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that green manure had significant direct positive effects on soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen indicators in the 0–10 cm layer, and mainly affected TDN and DIN in the 10–20 cm layer. These improvements enhanced soil quality and system sustainability, thereby indirectly increasing grain yield.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Green manure improved soil quality and system sustainability in RR fields by increasing dissolved and microbial nitrogen levels, which indirectly enhanced yield. The combination of milk vetch and the LY6326 variety showed the greatest benefit.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The combination of milk vetch green manure and the LY6326 variety offers an effective strategy to improve soil health and productivity in RR systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 110087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Field Crops Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429025003521","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Context

The ratoon rice (RR) system is increasingly recognized as an important rice-based cropping strategy for ensuring food security in China. Incorporating green manure through crop rotation is widely practiced to improve soil quality and increase rice yields. However, its effects on crop growth, soil quality, and the sustainability of the RR system are still not well understood.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate crop characteristics and soil physicochemical and biological indicators, and to assess RR system performance using the soil quality index area (

SQI \sim area

) and the sustainability index (SI).

Methods

A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was carried out to examine the effects of green manure application with two RR varieties (YLY911 and LY6326) under three rotation scenarios: fallow-RR (FA), rapeseed-RR (RA), and milk vetch-RR (MV), where rapeseed and milk vetch were incorporated into the soil in situ.

Results

Compared with the FA treatment, both RA and MV treatments significantly improved RR growth, nitrogen uptake, grain yield, soil nutrient content, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels. On average across years, seasons, and varieties, RA and MV increased

SQI \sim area

by 39.10 % and 70.41 % in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and by 37.78 % and 63.65 % in the 10–20 cm layer, respectively. Similarly, SI increased by 20.38 % and 33.93 % in the 0–10 cm layer, and by 24.40 % and 37.74 % in the 10–20 cm layer. Under MV treatment, LY6326 showed higher system sustainability than YLY911. Partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that green manure had significant direct positive effects on soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen indicators in the 0–10 cm layer, and mainly affected TDN and DIN in the 10–20 cm layer. These improvements enhanced soil quality and system sustainability, thereby indirectly increasing grain yield.

Conclusions

Green manure improved soil quality and system sustainability in RR fields by increasing dissolved and microbial nitrogen levels, which indirectly enhanced yield. The combination of milk vetch and the LY6326 variety showed the greatest benefit.

Significance

The combination of milk vetch green manure and the LY6326 variety offers an effective strategy to improve soil health and productivity in RR systems.

查看原文本刊更多论文

绿肥施用下华中地区青稻田土壤质量及系统可持续性评价

摘要在中国，平面稻（RR）系统日益被认为是保障粮食安全的重要水稻种植策略。在轮作中加入绿肥是改善土壤质量和提高水稻产量的广泛做法。然而，其对作物生长、土壤质量和抗除草剂系统可持续性的影响尚不清楚。目的利用土壤质量指数面积（SQI ~ area）和可持续性指数（SI）评价作物特性和土壤理化生物学指标，并对土壤质量指数系统的性能进行评价。方法采用为期2年（2019-2021年）的田间试验，研究了油菜和豇豆在原地混作的3种轮作方案下，使用2个抗草甘膦品种（YLY911和LY6326）绿肥施用的效果。结果与FA处理相比，RA和MV处理显著提高了小麦生长、氮素吸收、籽粒产量、土壤养分含量和微生物量碳氮水平。在不同的年份、季节和品种中，RA和MV在0-10 cm土层分别增加了39.10%和70.41%，在10-20 cm土层分别增加了37.78%和63.65%。同样，SI在0 ~ 10 cm层分别增加20.38%和33.93%，在10 ~ 20 cm层分别增加24.40%和37.74%。在中压处理下，LY6326表现出比YLY911更高的系统可持续性。偏最小二乘路径模型分析进一步发现，绿肥对土壤0 ~ 10 cm层总溶解氮（TDN）、溶解无机氮（DIN）、溶解有机氮和微生物氮指标有显著的直接正向影响，且主要影响10 ~ 20 cm层的TDN和DIN。这些改进提高了土壤质量和系统可持续性，从而间接提高了粮食产量。结论绿肥通过提高土壤溶解态氮和微生物态氮水平改善了农田土壤质量和系统可持续性，间接提高了产量。黄豆杉与LY6326品种配搭效果最好。意义黄豆杉绿肥与LY6326组合施用是改善土壤健康和生产力的有效策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.