包衣肥和有机肥对印度东部印度恒河平原稻作系统土壤健康和生产力指标的影响

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109966

Susmita Das , Amit Kumar , Nimay Chandra Giri , Sukanta Pal , Hirak Banerjee , Dinkar J. Gaikwad , Buddhadev Sarkar , Vijay Singh Meena

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引用次数: 0

摘要

可持续土壤管理对于缓解气候变化和东部印度恒河平原（EIGPs）集约化农业的不利影响至关重要。以水稻为基础的种植系统在该地区占主导地位，但其长期生存能力取决于优化养分管理方案，以提高生产力、经济效率和土壤健康。目的研究包膜肥和有机肥对水稻-马铃薯（R-P）、水稻-小麦（R-W）和水稻-水稻（R-R） 3种水稻种植系统（Cs）生产力、经济效益和土壤健康的影响。目标是确定可持续集约化的最有效的营养管理战略。方法2019 - 2021年在西孟加拉邦Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya进行田间试验。本研究评估了不同的养分管理方案，特别是在三种种植制度下，75% %氮磷钾(PSCU) + 25 %农家肥（FYM）和蚯蚓堆肥（Sc5）的施用情况。结果与其他种植制度和养分管理方案相比，添加Sc5的R-P （Cs3）系统显著提高了系统生产力（+77 %）、生产效率（+72 %）、经济效率（+64 %）和水分利用效率（+113 %）。R-W系统的土地利用效率最高（67.1 %），R-R系统次之（63.0 %），R-P系统次之（58.9 %）。R-P系统改善了土壤健康，增加了总水稳性团聚体（+10.6 %）、平均重径（+26.8 %）、导水率（+10.4 %）、有机碳（+11.3 %）和有效常量养分（+13.2 %）。微生物生物量碳（+15 %），磷酸盐溶解细菌（+26 %）和酶活性（+20.6 %）也有所提高。主动碳库（+6.54 %）、被动碳库（+3.57 %）、碳库指数（+3.84 %）和碳管理指数（+6.17 %）均录得显著增长。Sc5的系统生产力最高（18,526 kg ha−1），生产效率最高（86.2 kg ha−1 day−1），氮肥农学效率最高（41.55 kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg N），经济效率最高（912.4 ha−1 day−1），可持续产量指数最高（0.689）。结论Sc5（75 % RDN通过PSCU + 25 % RDN通过VC）的R-P系统是提高eigp生产力、盈利能力和土壤健康的最有效策略。包膜肥料与有机改良剂的结合提高了土壤的恢复力和长期可持续性。利用Sc5（75% % RDN通过PSCU + 25% % RDN通过VC）扩大R-P可以通过提高产量、经济回报和土壤健康显著造福农民，支持EIGP地区具有气候适应性和可持续的农业。

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Impact of coated fertilizers and organic manure on soil health and productivity indicators in rice-based cropping systems of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Context

Sustainable soil management is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and intensive farming in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGPs). Rice-based cropping systems dominate the region, but their long-term viability depends on optimizing nutrient management scenario to enhance productivity, economic efficiency, and soil health.

Objective

This study evaluates the impact of coated fertilizers and organic manure (OM) on system productivity, economic returns, and soil health in three rice-based cropping systems (Cs)—rice-potato (R-P), rice-wheat (R-W), and rice-rice (R-R). The goal is to identify the most effective nutrient management strategy for sustainable intensification.

Methods

A field experiment (2019–21) was conducted at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, West Bengal. The study assessed different nutrient management scenario, particularly the application of 75 % NPK (PSCU) + 25 % N from farmyard manure (FYM) during kharif and vermicompost (VC) during rabi (Sc5), in the three cropping systems.

Results

The R-P (Cs3) system with Sc5 significantly increased system productivity (+77 %), production efficiency (+72 %), economic efficiency (+64 %), and water-use efficiency (+113 %) compared to other cropping systems and nutrient management scenario. The R-W system showed the highest land-use efficiency (67.1 %), followed by R-R (63.0 %) and R-P (58.9 %). The R-P system improved soil health, increasing total water-stable aggregates (+10.6 %), mean weight diameter (+26.8 %), hydraulic conductivity (+10.4 %), organic carbon (+11.3 %), and available macronutrients (+13.2 %). Microbial biomass carbon (+15 %), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (+26 %), and enzymatic activity (+20.6 %) also improved. Active carbon pool (+6.54 %), passive carbon pool (+3.57 %), carbon pool index (+3.84 %), and carbon management index (+6.17 %) recorded significant gains. Sc5 achieved the highest system productivity (18,526 kg ha⁻¹), production efficiency (86.2 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (41.55 kg grain kg⁻¹ N applied), economic efficiency (₹912.4 ha⁻¹ day⁻¹), and sustainable yield index (0.689).

Conclusions

The R-P system with Sc5 (75 % RDN through PSCU + 25 % RDN through VC) is the most effective strategy for improving productivity, profitability, and soil health in the EIGPs. The integration of coated fertilizers with organic amendments enhances soil resilience and long-term sustainability.

Implications

Scaling up R-P with Sc5 (75 % RDN through PSCU + 25 % RDN through VC) can significantly benefit farmers by improving yields, economic returns, and soil health, supporting climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture in the EIGP region.

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.