1931年至2024年，阿根廷向日葵育种取得了93年的遗传进展

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109968

Abelardo J. de la Vega , Sebastián Zuil , Arnaldo N. Vázquez , Amelia Bertero de Romano

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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于阿根廷向日葵育种部分历史（1931-2024）的遗传增益研究已经发表，但仍存在许多空白。目的填补阿根廷向日葵遗传进展量化研究的空白。方法采用线性模型、回归分析和自组织图（SOM）等方法，对1935 ~ 2023年1074个大田试验的多环境数据集进行分析。结果开放授粉品种（OPV）育种（1938-1990）产量没有显著提高，但成熟期缩短，油分浓度增加，农艺性状改善，并有助于建立适应当地的基因库。1970-1990年，替代opv的杂交品种表现出更早的成熟度和更高的产油量及其直接决定因素。1953-2022年期间，在开花时间、籽粒产量、含油量和产油量方面的遗传增益分别为- 0.15 % yr - 1、0.72 % yr - 1、0.46 % yr - 1和1.49 % yr - 1。从20世纪90年代中期开始，观察到遗传进展放缓，这与作物移位、病原体和害虫进化以及早期抗除草剂杂交种所显示的连锁拖累有关。结论阿根廷的向日葵育种项目不断释放出优良的基因型，其遗传增益率可与规模更大、资源更充足的作物种植系统相媲美。一个涵盖所有育种时期、种植区域和相关品种的数据集使我们能够填补在描述育种对阿根廷向日葵产量进步的贡献方面的所有空白。我们还建议使用SOMs来估计不同历史时期作物种植系统中单个品种对遗传增益的影响。

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Genetic progress achieved over ninety-three years of sunflower breeding in Argentina, 1931–2024

Context

Genetic gain studies addressing parts of the history of sunflower breeding in Argentina (1931–2024) have been published, but many gaps remain.

Objective

To fill all gaps in the quantification of sunflower genetic progress in Argentina.

Methods

A multi-environment dataset of 1074 field trials (1935–2023) was analyzed using linear models, regression, and self-organizing maps (SOM) in the context provided by historical production periods.

Results

Open pollinated variety (OPV) breeding (1938–1990) did not produce significant yield progress but shortened maturity, increased oil concentration, improved agronomics and contributed to building a locally adapted genetic pool. Hybrids that replaced OPVs (1970–1990) showed earlier maturity and higher values for oil yield and its immediate determinants. Genetic gains estimated for the period 1953–2022 were −0.15 % yr⁻¹, 0.72 % yr⁻¹, 0.46 % yr⁻¹ and 1.49 % yr⁻¹ for time to flowering, grain yield, oil concentration and oil yield, respectively. A slowdown in genetic progress was observed starting in the mid-1990s, associated with crop displacement, pathogen and pest evolution, and linkage drag shown by early herbicide-resistant hybrids.

Conclusions

Sunflower breeding programs of Argentina consistently released superior genotypes at rates of genetic gain that are comparable to larger, better resourced crop growing systems.

Significance

A dataset spanning all breeding periods, growing areas and relevant cultivars allowed us to fill all gaps in describing breeding contributions to sunflower yield progress in Argentina. We also proposed the use of SOMs to estimate the impact of individual cultivars on the genetic gain achieved by a crop growing system in different historical periods.

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.