Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of protective immune response of live-attenuated candidate vaccines ΔcpxA and ΔcpxR against Vibrio alginolyticus in pearl gentian grouper","authors":"Yilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Deyu Ning ,&nbsp;Jiachun Nie ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Hou ,&nbsp;Wenze Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Gan ,&nbsp;Yishan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grouper farming industry was severely influenced by vibriosis. In this study, we developed two live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates against <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> infection in pearl gentian groupers using <em>cpxA</em> or <em>cpxR</em> mutant strains of <em>V. alginolyticus</em> (Δ<em>cpxA</em> and Δ<em>cpxR</em>). Groupers were administrated with Δ<em>cpxA</em> and Δ<em>cpxR</em> at the dose of 1.0 × 10⁴ CFU/fish (safety dose) to evaluate the immune protect effect of LAV. The increasing median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of Δ<em>cpxA</em> and Δ<em>cpxR</em> indicated the decreased virulence of bacteria to groupers. Our results suggested that two LAVs achieved over 70 % relative percent survival (RPS) after groupers were challenged by <em>V. alginolyticus</em> on 14 days post-immunization. The immune protection was mainly attributed to the up-regulation of immune-related gene expression (<em>IL-6</em>, <em>IL-12</em>, <em>TNF-α</em>, <em>TLR2</em>, <em>TLR5S</em>, <em>CD4</em>, <em>MHC-Iα</em>, <em>IFN-γ2</em> and <em>NF-κB</em>), the higher activities of catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the increasing production of total protein (TP) in serum. The research indicated that the vaccination of fish with Δ<em>cpxA</em> and Δ<em>cpxR</em> can induce the innate and acquired immunity and survival rate of groupers after bacterial infection, so they can be considered as the promising candidates of vaccine for grouper industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 110183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological capacity of Pinctada mazatlanica to receive xenografts from Pteria sterna, as a criterion to improve pearl production and quality","authors":"Karla Trejo-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Andrés Granados-Amores ,&nbsp;Marcial Arellano-Martínez ,&nbsp;Héctor Acosta-Salmón ,&nbsp;Ángel I. Campa-Córdova ,&nbsp;Alejandro Rojas-Figueroa ,&nbsp;Pedro E. Saucedo","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the survival, hemocyte count and physiological response indicators of pearl oysters <em>Pteria sterna</em> and <em>Pinctada mazatlanica</em> seeded with allografts and xenografts for pearl culture. Two treatments of oysters receiving an allograft (both donor and host were <em>Pt. sterna</em>) or a xenograft (donor was <em>Pt. sterna</em> and host was <em>P. mazatlanica</em>) were compared against two control groups of unseeded oysters (allografts and xenografts) at 0, 0.5, 2, 24, and 72 h. While survival was not affected by any particular treatment, the number of circulating hemocytes was inversely proportional in both species; it did not vary in <em>Pt. sterna</em> after allografting from t0 to 2 h, but then gradually increased and reached a 4-fold peak at 72 h that differed significantly from its control group and t0. In <em>P. mazatlanica</em>, the hemocyte count increased significantly (3-fold) at 0.5 h after xenografting, but then gradually decreased to equal the value of its control group and t0 at 72 h. In <em>Pt. sterna</em>, glycogen and mucopolysaccharide indices decreased &gt;50 % at 2 h and gradually returned to the initial value at 72 h. In contrast, neither index varied significantly in <em>P. mazatlanica</em>, indicating almost no use of energy stores to compensate for the effects of xenografting, as well as little mucus production due to tissue irritation, compared to allografting in <em>Pt. sterna</em>. The lipofuscin index followed a relatively stable pattern over time in treatments A and X and changes with respect to their control groups CA and CX were not significant up to 72 h. Our results indicate that <em>P. mazatlanica</em> responded significantly faster to xenografting and wound healing than <em>Pt. sterna</em> to allografting, and may be a viable host to receive <em>Pt. sterna</em> xenografts. This could contribute to improve pearl yield and quality in <em>Pt. sterna</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus damage to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen by promoting the efficacy of inactivated vaccine","authors":"Yucai Pan,&nbsp;Zhe Liu,&nbsp;Junhao Lu,&nbsp;Jinqiang Quan,&nbsp;Guiyan Zhao,&nbsp;Guolin Song,&nbsp;Jianfu Wang,&nbsp;Zhuowei Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pandemic infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) caused by severe acute IHN virus (IHNV) threatens rainbow trout aquaculture in China. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective vaccines and elucidate their mechanisms of action. Here, we revealed the mechanism of immune response of <em>Astragalus</em> polysaccharide (APS) combined with IHNV inactivated vaccine on rainbow trout spleen by serum enzyme activity assay, histopathological analysis, RNA-seq and viral load measurement. Histopathology and TUNEL showed that the APS combination vaccine significantly inhibited spleen damage and apoptosis by IHNV. Also, APS increased serum SOD, CAT, T-AOC, AKP and ACP activities by enhancing vaccine efficacy. Transcriptome analysis of the spleen showed that immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in the APS + vaccine group. The PPI network identified hub genes including <em>IgM</em>, <em>IRF7</em>, <em>IgT</em>, IgD, <em>TLR7</em>, <em>CD4</em>, <em>CD8</em>, <em>IL-1β</em>, and the APS + vaccine induced expression of these genes in the spleen. Notably, the APS combination vaccine significantly inhibited IHNV replication in the spleen. Overall, APS enhanced IHNV inactivated vaccine efficacy through stronger immune stimulation. These results indicate that the combined use of inactivated vaccine and APS can stimulate strong immunity in rainbow trout spleen, which provides valuable reference data to study the mechanism of aquatic vaccine immunoprophylaxis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 110180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pacsin1 inhibits antiviral immunity by promoting MITA degradation through autophagy in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy","authors":"Wenxin Li ,&nbsp;Wenjing Dong ,&nbsp;Zhihuang Zhu ,&nbsp;Baolan Cao ,&nbsp;Tianjun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuena Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pacsin1 is a crucial protein involved in vesicle formation and transport, and its role in neuronal development and cytosolic dynamics has been extensively studied. However, its involvement in immune regulation still needs to be better understood. In this study, we show that pacsin1 exerts a negative regulatory effect on RLR-mediated signaling pathways activated by SCRV or poly(I:C), thereby inhibiting MITA-mediated antiviral responses. Mechanistically, pacsin1 facilitates the degradation of MITA, thus impeding immune signaling. Additionally, overexpression of pacsin1 promotes the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II, while treatment with the autophagy inhibitor ammonium chloride results in the accumulation of LC3B-II and prevents pacsin1-mediated MITA degradation. Our findings suggest that pacsin1 targets MITA for autophagic degradation, thereby suppressing the innate antiviral response in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 110182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of intestinal microbiota on adaptation to overcrowding stress in grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂)","authors":"Zetian Liu ,&nbsp;Pandeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jingguang Wei ,&nbsp;Jialing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Density is an important aquaculture parameter. When the pearl gentian grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus</em><strong><em>♂</em></strong>) is farmed intensively, it could lead to a degradation in genetic resources and an increase in disease outbreaks. The composition of the intestinal microbiota plays a key role in creating a specific intestinal microecosystem, which is essential for the survival, growth, and immune response of the host under environmental stress like overcrowding. This study utilized 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis techniques to investigate the differences in intestinal microbial community stability of grouper under different stocking time and density pressure conditions. The research results showed that compared to the low-density group, the high-density group of groupers experienced an increase in mortality rate and feed coefficient in the early stages of culture, while the weight gain rate decreased. Differential analysis of intestinal microbial communities revealed significant differences in the gut microbiota of grouper between different density groups after 10 days of culture, but no significant differences were observed after 20 days of culture. At the same time, intestinal histopathology showed that the high-density group of groupers exhibited a reduction in intestinal villi length and thickness of the intestinal wall after 10 days of culture. However, the intergroup differences had reduced after 20 days of culture. Furthermore, high density cultivation upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors like IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 in the intestinal tract of groupers after 10 days of culture. However, after 20 days of culture, the expression levels of intestinal inflammatory factors in both the high-density and low-density groups of groupers were significantly reduced, and the differences between the intergroup diminished. Through correlation analysis of differential metabolites and species in the intestine, multiple metabolites significantly upregulated and associated with the upregulation of the <em>Staphylococcus</em> genus were identified in the intestinal tract of groupers after 20 days of high-density cultivation. The selected four associated metabolites (including creatine, fosinopril, 4-aminobutyric acid, and guanidinopropanoic acid) were validated to significantly reduce the expression of cellular inflammatory factors using the self-established grouper head kidney (HK) cell line. In conclusion, density pressure in the early culture period could affect the stability of the intestinal microbial environment of grouper. As aquaculture time increases, the intestinal microbial community of grouper drives the body's anti-inflammatory response and enhanced its adaptation to density pressure by regulating own structure and secretion of metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 110165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a serine protease homolog from Macrobrachium nipponense and its involvement in AMP synthesis and proPO activation","authors":"Qin Si ,&nbsp;Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Wen-long Mao ,&nbsp;Tian-wen Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Qin ,&nbsp;Bin-bin Cai ,&nbsp;Qian Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serine protease homolog (SPH) with a clip domain is crucial for activating prophenoloxidase. In this study, we isolated and characterized an <em>SPH</em> gene from <em>Macrobrachium nipponense</em>, designated as <em>MnSPH</em>. The full-length cDNA sequence of <em>MnSPH</em> was 1709 bp, including an open reading frame of 1383 bp that encoded 460 amino acids. The predicted MnSPH protein contained a signal peptide, two low-density complex regions, and a Tryp_SPc domain. Although SMART was unable to predict a clip domain in MnSPH, it does possess a conserved cysteine pattern that resembles the characteristic pattern of clip domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MnSPH first clustered with SPH of <em>Pacifastacus leniusculus</em> and subsequently formed a clade with other SPHs or prophenoloxidase-activating factors (PPAFs) from crustaceans. <em>MnSPH</em> exhibited high expression levels in the gills and stomach of <em>M. nipponense</em>, with relatively lower expression in other tissues. Upon infection with <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, the expression levels of <em>MnSPH</em> were significantly upregulated at multiple time points in the hemocytes of <em>M. nipponense</em>. Furthermore, the knockdown of <em>MnSPH</em> in the hemocytes resulted in the inhibition of several <em>antimicrobial peptide</em> (<em>AMP</em>) genes and a significant reduction in phenoloxidase activity. The survival rate of prawns was reduced after <em>MnSPH</em> knockdown. These findings suggested that <em>MnSPH</em> plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response of <em>M. nipponense</em> during pathogen infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characterization of a novel IRF8-like homolog and its role in the immune modulation of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius","authors":"Baoyu Huang ,&nbsp;Yifan Qu ,&nbsp;Haikun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jilv Ma ,&nbsp;Jiwen Chen ,&nbsp;Cui Jie ,&nbsp;Fengchen Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Chu ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Yijing Han ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) proteins, functioning as transcription factors, are essential for various animal species' innate immune defense and stress responses. However, further research is required to elucidate the roles of IRF in echinoderms. In this study, a new IRF gene (<em>SiIRF8-like</em>) was obtained from the sea urchin (<em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em>). The open reading frame for <em>SiIRF8-like</em> spanned 2004 bp and encoded a protein composed of 667 amino acids. Domain prediction analysis revealed a typical IRF domain at the N-terminus and an IRF3 domain at the C terminus of the SiIRF8-like protein, exhibiting similar amino acid sequences across different species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that SiIRF8-like proteins were closely related to mollusk IRF8 proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed detectable levels of <em>SiIRF8-like</em> mRNA in all sea urchin tissues examined, with the highest expression observed in coelomocytes. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid treatments significantly increased transcript expression levels of <em>SiIRF8-like</em>. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that SiIRF8-like is mainly localized in the nucleus. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that overexpression of SiIRF8-like in HEK293T cells could specifically activate reporter genes such as interleukin 6, interferon α/β/γ, activating protein 1, and interferon-stimulated response element. Finally, the overexpressed SiIRF8-like could promote the phosphorylation of protein kinases (JNK and Erk1/2). These preliminary findings regarding the immune functions linked to the SiIRF8-like protein offer valuable insights into the innate immunity mechanisms of invertebrate IRFs and provide theoretical support for developing disease-resistant strains of sea urchins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 110179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaking RNA-Binding protein (QKI) mediates circular RNA biogenesis in Litopenaeus vannamei during WSSV infection","authors":"Tannatorn Phiwthong,&nbsp;Sirawich Limkul,&nbsp;Phirom Aunkam,&nbsp;Tuangrak Seabkongseng,&nbsp;Neung Teaumroong,&nbsp;Panlada Tittabutr,&nbsp;Pakpoom Bunchuen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Quaking RNA-binding protein (QKI), a member of the STAR family, is considered critical in the formation of circular RNAs (circRNAs), as it aids in catalyzing a back-splicing phenomenon by interacting with RNA precursors. CircRNAs have progressively been revealed to play central roles in the regulation of various biological processes, such as antiviral defense mechanisms. This study identifies a QKI in <em>L. vannamei</em>, referred to as LvQKI, comprised of conserved STAR and KH RNA-binding domains. Analysis through tissue-specific expression using qRT-PCR has revealed a high expression level of LvQKI in the gill – one of the primary regions heavily populated by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) – and its activation was triggered during WSSV infection. From an RNA interference-mediated suppression targeting LvQKI, a decrease and increase in survival rates and WSSV copy number were observed, respectively. Notably, circRNA levels were significantly lowered in LvQKI-silenced shrimp, whereas linear RNAs remained stable. Conversely, administration of recombinant LvQKI (rLvQKI) protein before a WSSV challenge not only enhanced survival rates but also reduced viral load, wherein both circRNAs and linear RNAs underwent up-regulation in rLvQKI-treated shrimp. Our results introduce LvQKI as a crucial factor in circRNA biogenesis and immune defense in shrimp, emphasizing the interplay between LvQKI's and circRNAs' roles in fighting viral invasion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 110178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) coagulation factor Ⅶ-like and its function on macrophage proliferation and polarization","authors":"Yueming Chen ,&nbsp;Han Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Cao ,&nbsp;Hongjun Xie ,&nbsp;Jieyu Huang ,&nbsp;Xinhua Chen ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coagulation system is a mechanism for wound healing after injury, but it also participates in host early immune defense. The coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦ) can initiate extrinsic pathway and play an important role in the coagulation process. However, studies of the immune function of FVII are scarce, especially in fish. In this study, we cloned and characterized an FⅦ-like gene from large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) (<em>Lc</em>FⅦL). The open reading frame of <em>Lc</em>FⅦL consists of 1437 base pairs and encodes 478 amino acid residues. <em>Lc</em>FⅦL contains conserved domains that are present in other vertebrate FⅦs or FⅦLs, including a prepropeptide, a gamma-carboxy glutamic acid domain, two epidermal growth factor-like domains, and a serine protease domain. <em>Lc</em>FⅦL was highly expressed in the liver and brain, but its expression was low in the other tested tissues. At the cellular level, <em>Lc</em>FⅦL was highly expressed in macrophages, and its expression was induced by exposure to <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida.</em> We produced the recombinant <em>Lc</em>FⅦL light chain (r<em>Lc</em>FⅦL-LC), and found that it had obvious antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria but low against Gram-negative bacteria. The r<em>Lc</em>FⅦL-LC promoted the proliferation of macrophages. It also significantly induced the expression of proinflammatory factor (IL-1β and IL-6) and increased reactive oxygen species activity in large yellow croaker macrophages, while inhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory factor (TGF-β), suggesting that r<em>Lc</em>FⅦL-LC may promote polarization of macrophages towards the M1 type. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the function of fish FⅦ, and advance our understanding of the role of the coagulation system in host defense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic molecular responses of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius to pathogen infection: Insights from a serial comparative transcriptome analysis","authors":"Jingxian Sun ,&nbsp;Jinming Liu ,&nbsp;Mingyu Xue ,&nbsp;Tanjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Song ,&nbsp;Weijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaqing Chang ,&nbsp;Yaoyao Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the dynamic molecular responses to pathogen infection in sea urchins, the sea urchin <em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em> were infected by a causative pathogen strain of sea urchin black peristomial membrane disease. Specimens were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post–infection (hpi), and comparative transcriptome analysis were performed. The results showed that 1) a total of 771, 1437, 3477, 8417, 1566, and 2171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpi compared with the 0 hpi (as the control), respectively. 2) The number of upregulated DEGs was higher than that of downregulated DEGs at each time point after infection. The largest number of DEGs was obtained at 48 hpi. 3) Among identified DEGs, percent cellular process, binding, and metabolic process related DEGs account for 57.9 %, 49.9 %, and 45.5 %, respectively. Main Rho–GTPase family members (<em>RhoA</em>, <em>Rac1</em>, and <em>Cdc42</em>) exhibited a general upregulated expression trend during the examined infection process, the same as Caspase family members (<em>Casp3</em>, <em>Casp6</em> and <em>Casp7</em>). 4) Cell cycle and apoptosis pathways are the most affected pathways, the DEG enrichment level of which remained in the top 30 (cell cycle pathways) and top 50 (apoptosis pathways) throughout the whole examined infection process. To sum up, all findings from this study will not only deepen our understanding of the dynamic molecular expression mechanisms of sea urchins in response to pathogen infection, but also provide new clues for elutriating the profound mechanisms of serial gene expression in innate immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}