Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"ΔFleQ of Aeromonas hydrophila generated as a live attenuated vaccine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Qitong Fang ,&nbsp;Zhuochen Liu ,&nbsp;Kaile Wang ,&nbsp;Binghong Liu ,&nbsp;Meher un Nissa ,&nbsp;Jinyuan Che ,&nbsp;Baolong Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> is a pathogen responsible for motile <em>Aeromonas</em> septicemia (MAS) in fish and an opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to aquaculture and human health. Live attenuated vaccines are considered to be an effective and environmentally friendly method for the prevention and control of bacterial infectious diseases in aquaculture. The pathogenic mechanisms of bacterial flagella include assisting bacterial movement and attachment to the host's intestinal tract, as well as promoting biofilm formation. <em>FleQ</em> is a key gene that regulates flagellar assembly in <em>A. hydrophila</em>. In this study, we constructed the <em>A. hydrophila</em> Δ<em>FleQ</em> mutant and investigated its phenotypic characteristics, degree of attenuation, and immunogenicity in common carp through immersion immunization. The results indicated that the Δ<em>FleQ</em> mutant exhibited significantly diminished motility, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, capacity for intestinal colonization, and attenuated virulence compared to the wild-type (WT). RNA-seq analysis revealed that 3281 genes were differentially expressed in <em>ΔFleQ</em> mutant, including 356 upregulated and 302 downregulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation indicated that genes associated with flagellar assembly, the two-component system, tyrosine metabolism, bacterial chemotaxis pathways were downregulated. The LD₅₀ value of <em>ΔFleQ</em> (8.91 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) was 28.2 times higher than that of the WT (3.16 × 10⁷ CFU/mL). Fish immunized by immersion with Δ<em>FleQ</em> showed increased lgM responses and upregulated cytokine gene such as <em>TNF-α</em>, <em>IL-1β, IL-6</em>. Additionally, the relative percent survival (RPS) of Δ<em>FleQ</em> was 78.8 % in common carp following two immersion immunizations. These findings suggest that Δ<em>FleQ</em> could serve as a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of diseases caused by <em>A. hydrophila</em> in common carp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish vaccines promote blood cell transcriptional remodeling in Atlantic salmon against pathogens","authors":"Yeny Leal,&nbsp;Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz,&nbsp;Cristian Gallardo-Escárate","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chilean salmon farming confronts persistent challenges, including climate change risks and pathogens, where the most prevalent diseases impacting Atlantic salmon are Caligidosis and Rickettsial Salmonid Septicemia (SRS). As a sustainable strategy, fish vaccines hold promise for preventing diseases and reducing the use of antibiotics. While most studies on Atlantic salmon responses to vaccines emphasize transcriptome profiling from tissues such as the liver, head kidney, and skin, blood cell transcriptomics to monitor immune response dynamics is emerging as a promising tool in salmon aquaculture. This study evaluated the Atlantic salmon blood cell transcriptome in response to vaccination and subsequent infection with the sea louse <em>Caligus rogercresseyi</em> and the intracellular bacterium <em>Piscirickettsia salmonis</em>. The vaccination trial included four groups: fish immunized with the recombinant IPath® vaccine and two commercial vaccines currently used in Chile for salmon production. (BlueGuard® and Alpha Ject LiVac® SRS), and the unvaccinated control group. The group vaccinated with IPath® showed a higher transcriptomic response than commercial vaccines. Additionally, all three groups significantly modulated genes associated with iron homeostasis and metabolism. Furthermore, the HIF-1 signaling pathway and ferroptosis were notably activated in the IPath® group, suggesting a potential role of IPath® in the hypoxia response and cell death. This research highlights the effectiveness of using Atlantic salmon blood cells to assess immune responses, offering valuable insights into the fish immune system without resorting to lethal sampling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and functional analysis of integrin αV in Sebastes schlegelii: Implications for apoptosis, adhesion, and migration in intestinal cells","authors":"Xinqing Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Yuan ,&nbsp;Guanghua Wang,&nbsp;Ting Xue,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrins, as essential cell adhesion molecules, consist of an α subunit and a β subunit that interact with extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface ligands to mediate cellular adhesion and signaling. The integrin αV subfamily is widely expressed on the cell surface and plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, apoptosis, and various cellular processes. To explore the function of integrin αV in teleosts, we retrieved the integrin αV (SsITGαV) sequences from the <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em> genome and assessed the tissue expression and response to <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em> stimuli of SsITGαV. We evaluated the effects of SsITGαV in the intestinal cell line on apoptosis, migration, and adhesion using flow cytometry, scratch assays, and cell adhesion experiments by overexpressing and RNA interference methods. The results showed that the coding sequence of SsITGαV comprises 1055 amino acids, containing a signal peptide and a transmembrane domain. SsITGαV is expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression observed in the gill. We investigated the expression pattern of SsITGαV in the head kidney post <em>E. tarda</em> stimulation and observed an increase in its expression. Subcellular localization revealed that SsITGαV predominantly resides in the extracellular matrix. SsITGαV facilitated apoptosis, enhanced cell adhesion, and promoted cell migration in the intestinal cell line. According to the qRT-PCR analysis, alterations in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes <em>caspase-3, caspase-8,</em> and <em>caspase-10</em>, along with inflammatory factors <em>IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8,</em> were positively linked to changes in SsITGαV. These findings provide insights into the function of the integrin αV gene in teleosts, establishing a foundation for further investigation into the role of the integrin α subfamily in lower vertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Assessment of Bacillus subtilis fermented Caulerpa microphysa by product as feed additive on the growth performance, immune regulation and disease resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)” [Fish & Shellfish Immunol. (2023) 142 109134]","authors":"Meng-Chou Lee ,&nbsp;Ching-Tien Lo ,&nbsp;Thi Hang Ho ,&nbsp;Li-Li Chen ,&nbsp;Fan-Hua Nan ,&nbsp;Hung-Chih Lai ,&nbsp;Eakapol Wangkahart ,&nbsp;Po-Tsang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) spermatogonial stem cell line: A potential tool for immunological research","authors":"Ying Song ,&nbsp;Yanchuang Duan ,&nbsp;Haiqing Luo ,&nbsp;Linying Yun ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Ngoc Tuan Tran ,&nbsp;Huaiping Zheng ,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou ,&nbsp;Shengkang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can differentiate into sperm and are important for studying on genetic information transmission of animals. However, the establishment of the SSC line in crustaceans is still in its infancy. This study aimed to establish a method for the isolation, culture, and identification of SSCs derived from the gonad of a marine crustacean (mud crab, <em>Scylla paramamosain</em>), and evaluate their differentiation ability and potential application in immunological research, <em>in vitro</em>. SSCs showed robust growth, proliferation, and passaging ability (up to 35 passages) in germ cell culture medium. Proteomic analysis showed that the protein expression profile of SSC was closely related to the gonadal tissue. SSCs were found to be able to express male-specific and pluripotent markers, such as CD9, PIWI, DDX4, DAZL, NANOG, SOX2, and EPHA1. Furthermore, SSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes under <em>in vitro</em> induction. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), packaged by lentivirus, was able to be overexpressed in SSCs after infection. In addition, the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) simulated the expression of inflammation-associated factors, including TRAF6, TNF-α, MyD88, Dorsal, and Relish, and apoptosis-related genes (BAX and Bcl2) in SSCs. Thus, SSCs were initially isolated and characterized from mud crabs for the first time. Our results proved that SSCs can be used in reproduction technology, germplasm conservation, and immunological studies in crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of heme oxygenase-1 in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii","authors":"Xingye Sun ,&nbsp;Jiahao Li ,&nbsp;Peixiang Dong ,&nbsp;Lijuan Li ,&nbsp;Zemao Gu ,&nbsp;Junfa Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is significantly induced in response to oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in mitigating oxidative damage. However, the function of HO-1 in crayfish remains unknown. In this study, HO-1 in <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> (<em>Pc</em>HO-1) was identified, and its functional domain was conserved across different species based on sequence alignment and structural prediction. Through RT-qPCR analysis, <em>Pc</em>HO-1 showed the highest expression level in the hepatopancreas. Under the stimulation of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> or glufosinate ammonium (GLA), the crayfish showed oxidative stress damage, whereas the expression levels of <em>Pc</em>HO-1 were increased. Knocking down of <em>Pc</em>HO-1 with RNA interference significantly reduced the antioxidant capacity of crayfish compared to the control group under <em>A. hydrophila</em> or GLA stimulation. Furthermore, the expression level of <em>Pc</em>HO-1 increased after induction with CoPPIX, which increased the antioxidant level of crayfish and reduced the apoptosis. These findings indicated that <em>Pc</em>HO-1 manifests the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic capacity, thereby aiding in the repairing of damage caused by <em>A. hydrophila</em> or GLA in <em>P. clarkii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of immune responses and protection in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) against Vibrio vulnificus using immersion and oral nanoemulsion vaccines","authors":"Chatchai Rodwihok ,&nbsp;Kim D. Thompson ,&nbsp;Prapansak Srisapoome ,&nbsp;Patcharapong Thangsunan ,&nbsp;Pattanapong Thangsunan ,&nbsp;Wararut Buncharoen ,&nbsp;Kanokporn Saenphet ,&nbsp;Supap Saenphet ,&nbsp;Pakapon Meachasompop ,&nbsp;Benchawan Kumwan ,&nbsp;Jasper Kit Tangal ,&nbsp;Nugroho Wiratama ,&nbsp;Thao Thu Mai ,&nbsp;Anurak Uchuwittayakul","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination is an important strategy in aquaculture for enhancing disease resistance and ensuring the health and productivity of cultured fish. This study investigated the distinct systemic and mucosal immune responses elicited by immersion (ImV) and oral (OrV) nanoemulsion vaccines encapsulating <em>Vibrio vulnificus</em> in Asian seabass (<em>Lates calcarifer</em>). Two vaccination methods, ImV and OrV, were administered to separate groups of Asian seabass, followed by challenges with <em>V. vulnificus</em> via immersion and intraperitoneal (<em>i.p.</em>) injection administration. Immune responses were assessed by measuring specific IgM antibodies, lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, and immune-related gene expression across multiple organs, including serum, head kidney, liver, gills, skin, and intestine. The results demonstrate that the OrV group had a significantly increased level of specific IgM antibody in their serum, head kidney and liver compared to the immersion vaccine group and control, with the OrV group maintaining higher antibody levels post-immersion and injection challenge. In mucosal tissues, the ImV group elicited stronger IgM responses in the gills and skin, whereas the OrV group enhanced antibody responses in the liver and intestine. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities varied by organ and vaccination route, indicating differential activation of innate immune defenses. Additionally, immune-related gene expression was upregulated in a tissue-specific manner, reflecting the targeted activation of adaptive and innate immune mechanisms by each vaccine type. Both vaccination strategies significantly improved survival and relative percent survival (RPS), with ImV offering stronger protection against immersion challenges, while OrV provided strong protection in systemic (injection) challenges. These findings suggest that ImV and OrV groups induced distinct immune responses in Asian seabass, with immersion vaccination primarily enhancing mucosal immunity at barrier surfaces and oral vaccination promoting systemic and intestinal mucosal immunity. The integration of both vaccination strategies could provide synergistic protection, enhancing vaccine efficacy against <em>V. vulnificus</em> and other pathogens, thereby optimizing disease prevention and fish health management in aquaculture settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of reactive oxygen species metabolism by antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn-SOD can block betanodavirus-induced necroptosis and suppress viral replication in fish cells","authors":"Hong-Jun Liao ,&nbsp;Jiann-Ruey Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Very little is known about oxidative stress as a modulator of signaling between the host and virus in viral nervous necrosis (VNN) within the aquaculture field. In the present study, we examined whether blocking ROS signaling using mitochondrial Cu/Zn-SOD could affect host cell death and the viral replication of RGNNV during infection in fish cells. Upon the overexpression of Cu/Zn-SOD in fish GF-1 cells, superoxide generation in RGNNV infection was reduced 0.6-fold, which correlated to host cell viability in the middle–late stages. Regarding the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling by superoxide, Cu/Zn-SOD overexpression can enhance superoxide's metabolism to hydrogen peroxide, which suppresses the RIPK3-mediated cell death signals at 48 hpf. On the other hand, ROS-mediated signal suppression can enhance Bcl-2 family Bcl-2/Bcl-xL expression in the early and middle replication stages. Furthermore, the enhancement of superoxide metabolism can reduce the virus' replication ability and expression of the non-structural genes <em>B1</em> and <em>B2</em>, as well as the genome replication gene <em>Protein A</em> and the major capsid protein <em>protein α</em>, which were correlated with the viral load dropping by two log viral titers at 48 and 72 hpf. Taken together, these data suggest that ROS signals trigger host stress responses related to cell death/necroptosis in RGNNV infection. Then, ROS-mediated stress signals can modulate anti-cell death signals through the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL pathway. In conclusion, an ROS-mediated stress response is required for viral expression and replication cycles, providing new insights into controlling RNA viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual protection against grouper Rana-Iridovirus (GIV-R) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) by novel GIV-R-Δ51−NNV-CP chimeric vaccine candidates","authors":"Shan Ding ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Qianqian Sun ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhu ,&nbsp;Fangzhao Yu ,&nbsp;Shaoping Weng ,&nbsp;Jianguo He ,&nbsp;Chuanfu Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grouper <em>Rana</em>-iridovirus (GIV-R) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) are two distinct yet very important causative agents in several fish species. However, as of now, no effective treatment has been developed to simultaneously prevent these two pathogens. In this study, we developed GIV-R-NNV chimeric vaccine candidates by using GIV-R to chimerically express the full length and P domain of the coat protein of NNV, and designated as GIV-R-_Δ51-NNV^-CP-FL, GIV-R-_Δ51-NNV^-CP-P, respectively. Firstly, the <em>orf51</em> deletion recombinant GIV-R (GIV-R-Δ51) was constructed and characterized. The results showed that GIV-R-Δ51 was a partially attenuated mutant. Based on the recombinant site of <em>orf51</em>, GIV-R-_Δ51-NNV^-CP-FL and GIV-R-_Δ51-NNV^-CP-P were constructed and robust data demonstrated that both chimeric mutants were well constructed and also showed partially attenuated. Finally, the water-in-oil (W/O) formulation of the inactivated GIV-R-_Δ51-NNV^-CP-FL and GIV-R-_Δ51-NNV^-CP-P vaccines were prepared and immune-protection effects were tested. As results, both chimeric vaccines conferred approximately 60 % (N = 40) and 90 % (N = 50) relative protections against GIV-R in grouper and Asian sea bass, respectively. The significant elevations of anti-NNV specific antibodies were determined, and the <em>in vitro</em> neutralizing effects were also measured. All these results showed that the both chimeric vaccines work effectively to prevent GIV-R and NNV. Taken together, two chimeric vaccine candidates against GIV-R and NNV were firstly constructed and characterized, which showed potent efficacies in preventing two dangerous viral diseases in cultured fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis triggered by salinity stress enhances systemic inflammation in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus)","authors":"Yuan Sun ,&nbsp;Jiajia Wu ,&nbsp;Huixue Li ,&nbsp;Youling Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhiyin Ye ,&nbsp;Junbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Maoliang Su","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an ecological disturbance, salinity changes substantially impact aquatic organism health. Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host health and exhibits heightened sensitivity to environmental salinity stress; however, the potential correlative mechanisms between gut microbiota dysbiosis triggered by salinity changes and host health remain unclear. The present study conducted a 4-week stress experiment to investigate the precise impact of gut microbiota on the inflammatory response in <em>Scatophagus argus</em> under different salinities (0 ‰ [hyposaline group, HO], 25 ‰ [control group, CT], and 40 ‰ [hypersaline group, HE]). Our results revealed that both HO and HE stress significantly changed the relative abundances of Gram-negative bacteria and the impairment of intestinal barrier function. Subsequently, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the serum exhibited a significant increase, and the expression levels of genes (<em>tlrs</em>, <em>myd88</em>, <em>irak1</em>, <em>irak4</em>, and <em>traf6</em>) involving TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>il-6</em>, <em>il-8</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, and <em>tnf-α</em>) in the representative immune organs were significantly upregulated. Conversely, the abundance of the anti-inflammatory gene (<em>tgf-β1</em>) and its protein contents in serum were decreased. Transplantation of the gut microbiota from <em>S</em>. <em>argus</em> exposed to varying salinities into germ-free <em>Oryzias latipes</em> resulted in an enhanced inflammatory response. Our results suggested that both HO and HE stress increased the presence of Gram-negative bacteria and disrupted the intestinal barrier, leading to elevated serum LPS and subsequent systemic inflammation in fish. These findings provide innovative insights into the influence of salinity manipulation strategies on the health of aquatic organisms, contributing to the mariculture management in coastal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}