Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Potential effects of dietary fermented Sargassum muticum on growth performance, intestinal health, immune-antioxidant related gene responses, and resistance to bacterial infection in Nile tilapia","authors":"Mahmoud Radwan ,&nbsp;Alsayed E. Mekky ,&nbsp;Moussa A. Moussa ,&nbsp;Mohamed Fares ,&nbsp;Wafa Mohammed Al-Otaibih","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, fermented brown algae have gained interest as a food source due to their high functionality and numerous bioactive components. Therefore, the current study used <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> and <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> probiotics to examine the possible effects of dietary fermented <em>Sargassum muticum</em> (DFSM) on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>), intestinal health, blood indices, antioxidant levels, and immune response. For 60 days, Nile tilapia (15 fish/aquarium) with an average weight (21.59 ± 1.06 g, four replicates) were fed five isonitrogenous diets that contained 0.0 % (control), 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % DFSM. The bacterial <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> strain was injected intraperitoneally into fish of each treatment following the feeding trial. All growth indices in Nile tilapia were significantly enhanced with a DFSM inclusion above 0.5 %, compared to the control diet. The results displayed that the DFSM in the diet improved fish intestinal health and blood indices, especially in fish fed a diet containing 2 and 3 DFSM %. The fish fed the DFSM displayed a reduced MDA value compared to the control diet and a rise in immunological indices (phagocytic activity and lysozyme) and antioxidants (SOD and CAT), especially at 2 and 3 DFSM % diet. Fish fed 2 and 3 % DFSM diet had significantly upregulated the genes CAT, SOD, GPx, and Nrf2 expression compared to the diet 0.5,1 % and control groups. Conversely, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF gene expression were upregulated in the control one and downregulated in fish fed a diet containing 2 and 3 DFSM %. The histological analysis revealed that all tissues examined in fish fed DFSM exhibited intact structural improvements as the amount of DFSM supplementation increased. Fish groups fed a diet containing 2 and 3 DFSM % diet exhibited higher survival rates after an <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection challenge than the control group. The study concluded that Nile tilapia requires a 2.5 to 3.0 DFSM% diet to boost growth performance, health status, and infection resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pc-prx 6 plays an important role in the regulation of antibacterial innate immune in the hepatopancreas of Procambarus clarkii due to its potential antioxidant capacity","authors":"Mingda Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingyue Tan ,&nbsp;Jing Wen ,&nbsp;Xiuli Shen ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammalian peroxiredoxin (Prx) maintains redox equilibrium and protects cells from oxidative stress by eliminating the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies have revealed that members of the Prx family play important roles in multiple processes, including oxidative defense, redox signaling, protein folding, cell cycle progression, DNA integrity, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. However, research on Prx molecules in invertebrates has been insufficient to draw definite conclusions. In particular, studies on their role in the regulation of innate immunity are scarce. In this study, the <em>prx 6</em> gene was used as the target to carry out a series of biochemical and molecular biological studies in <em>P</em>. <em>clarkii</em>. These studies focused on recombinant expression, the identification of antioxidant effects <em>in vitro</em>, the study of temporal and spatial expression profiles, RNAi <em>in vivo</em>, and the detection of critical innate immune responses. The results indicated that r<em>Pc</em>-Prx 6 significantly enhanced the protective effect of the MCO reaction system on plasmid DNA and had clear antioxidant effects. It could strongly combine with <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em> and <em>E</em>. <em>catarrhalis</em>. Compared with those in the 1 × PBS injection group, the relative expression levels of <em>Pc</em>-<em>prx 6</em> were clearly increased in certain major immunity-related tissues after challenge with <em>V. harveyi</em>. In addition, the direct knockdown of <em>Pc</em>-<em>prx 6</em> directly resulted in the upregulation of H₂O₂ content in the crayfish hepatopancreas. Consequently, the hepatopancreatic histomorphology was altered, and the MDA content increased. Moreover, the increase in the expression of <em>NF-κB</em> and some immune effector genes was clearly inhibited. Ultimately, the crayfish survival rate was significantly reduced. Taken together, these findings suggest that Prx 6 plays an important role in antibacterial innate immunity by regulating the H₂O₂ content in invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"dre-miR-223/IKKα/NF-κB promotes inflammatory response in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells induced by microcystin-LR","authors":"Zhihui Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Yichang Wu ,&nbsp;Sensen Bian ,&nbsp;Junguo Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most prevalent and toxic microcystin congeners. Various studies have provided clear evidence that MC-LR is capable of inducing hepatic inflammation; however, the mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, the inflammatory reaction induced by MC-LR and the underlying mechanisms in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that MC-LR could penetrate ZFL cells and inhibit cellular activity. Moreover, MC-LR exposure elevated the level of inflammation-related markers, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, promoted nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and upregulated dre-miR-223 expression, suggesting that MC-LR may trigger an inflammatory reaction in ZFL cells via activation of the NF-κB pathway, with dre-miR-223 may participating in this regulatory process. Further functional experiments using synthetic dre-miR-223 mimics and inhibitors showed that overexpression of dre-miR-223 significantly elevated the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas inhibition of dre-miR-223 led to a marked decrease in these cytokines compared to those induced by MC-LR alone, indicating that dre-miR-223 enhances the MC-LR-induced inflammatory reaction through the positive regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Dual-luciferase reporter assays combined with functional analyses further revealed that dre-miR-223 directly targets IKKα, a key component of the NF-κB pathway, thereby modulating the inflammatory response. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the inflammatory mechanisms triggered by MC-LR exposure in fish and for evaluating the associated health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beclin-1 enhances autophagy and inhibits apoptosis to facilitate virus infection in Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Phattarunda Jaree ,&nbsp;Suttipong Tungwaravut ,&nbsp;Chantaka Wongdontri ,&nbsp;Khitaphat Rodphai ,&nbsp;Kunlaya Somboonwiwat","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beclin-1 is a crucial autophagy regulator that also affects innate immunity, including apoptosis. At the present day, nothing is known about Beclin-1 in crustaceans, especially Penaeid shrimp. This work examined the function of Beclin-1 from the Pacific white shrimp, <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> (<em>Pv</em>BECN1), under both normal and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge circumstances. The phylogenetic tree analysis placed <em>Pv</em>BECN1 in the same group as other Beclin-1 from penaeid shrimp. <em>Pv</em>BECN1 was composed of BH3 domain, coiled-coil domain, and autophagy-specific (BARA) domain. <em>PvBECN1</em> transcription was highest in the intestine and gill. Following WSSV infection, <em>PvBECN1</em> expression increased in gills and hemocytes, though further investigation specifically focused on the hemocytes as a key immunological tissue. <em>PvBECN1</em> silencing was conducted to obtain insight into the function of <em>Pv</em>BECN1 during the virus infection. We discovered that suppressing <em>PvBECN1</em> increaesd the survival rate of WSSV-infected shrimp by reducing the viral load. In term of immunity, <em>PvBECN1</em> silencing, in both normal and WSSV infected conditions, led to a decrease in the percentage of autophagic activity. Concurrently, there was a significant increase in late apoptotic hemocyte cells and caspase 3/7 activity, demonstrating the involvement of <em>Pv</em>BECN1 in innate immunity. Furthermore, following <em>PvBECN1</em> knockdown, there was an altered expression of immune-related genes, including antimicrobial peptides and interferon-like genes. Interestingly, during WSSV infection, <em>PvBECN1</em>-silenced shrimp only exhibit overexpression of <em>crustin</em> and <em>vago5</em>. Ultimately, the virus enhances its replication and evades antiviral defense via triggering the <em>PvBECN1</em> transcript.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-transcriptome co-analysis identifies members and molecular characteristics of the TRAF gene family in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)","authors":"Shaotong Dai,&nbsp;Hao Zhu,&nbsp;Defang Chen,&nbsp;Yinqiu Chen,&nbsp;Jiawen Zhou,&nbsp;Zhiqian Jin,&nbsp;Wei Long,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqiong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), as key signal transducers, play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, current research on the systematic identification of the TRAF family and its functional role in Siberian sturgeon (<em>Acipenser baerii</em>) is relatively unexplored. In this study, TRAF family members were first identified in <em>A. baerii</em> using comparative genomics and transcriptome analyses. To further determine the TRAF sequences of <em>A. baerii</em>, the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the <em>Abtraf1</em>, <em>Abtraf5</em>, <em>Abtraf6</em>, and <em>Abtraf7</em> were cloned. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these <em>Abtraf</em> exhibit high sequence similarity and evolutionary conservation across teleost species. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed high <em>Abtraf</em> expression in the whole pre-larvae stage and immune-related tissues such as the head kidney, gill, and spleen. Induction of <em>Abtraf</em> gene expression was observed upon stimulation with <em>Streptococcus iniae</em> and <em>Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo</em>. In this study, head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) were isolated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), or poly(I:C), all of which induced <em>Abtraf</em> expression, with significant upregulation occurring early post-treatment. Notably, <em>Abtraf5</em> responded predominantly to bacterial components (LPS/PGN), whereas <em>Abtraf</em>7 was specifically poly(I:C)-responsive. These findings help clarify the molecular roles of <em>Abtraf</em> and provide a basis for further functional research on TRAF in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation, intestinal damage and pathogenesis in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)","authors":"Miaomiao Chen ,&nbsp;Yuyang Duan ,&nbsp;Wenqing Yang ,&nbsp;Jiajia Chen ,&nbsp;Qiujin Wang ,&nbsp;Yuyan Xu ,&nbsp;Xuetian Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Ran ,&nbsp;Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, a prevalent opportunistic pathogen, produces virulence factors that significantly threaten the health of aquatic animals and humans. The quorum sensing (QS) system is crucial for regulating virulence factor expression in pathogenic bacteria. However, the function by which QS regulates <em>S. aureus</em> intestinal colonization in aquatic animals and its subsequent adverse effects on the host have not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of the LuxS/autoinducer-2 (AI-2) QS system in <em>S. aureus</em> strain SA, focusing on its impact on virulence factor expression, intestinal colonization, and host pathology. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we successfully constructed the <em>luxS</em> gene deletion mutant strain SAΔ<em>luxS</em> and its corresponding gene complementation strain SAΔ<em>luxS</em> (<em>luxS</em>). Strain SAΔ<em>luxS</em> exhibited impaired AI-2 synthesis but showed no significant changes in virulence factors such as enterotoxins, bacteriocins, and motility. However, its biofilm formation capacity was enhanced, primarily due to increased extracellular polysaccharide content within the biofilms. Exogenous addition of c-di-AMP led to enhanced biofilm formation in wild-type strain SA, and the elevated c-di-AMP levels in strain SAΔ<em>luxS</em> were primarily attributed to reduced <em>gdpP</em> expression. Furthermore, LuxS/AI-2-mediated QS negatively regulated intestinal colonization of <em>S. aureus</em> and mitigated <em>S. aureus</em>-induced intestinal permeability, tissue disruption, and inflammatory response in loach (<em>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</em>). These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of <em>S. aureus</em> pathogenesis and contribute to developing novel strategies to prevent and control <em>S. aureus</em> infections in aquatic animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A newly identified homolog of scallop caspase-3/7 plays a pivotal role in the immunological response and orchestrates the induction of apoptosis","authors":"Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Dianzhi Yao ,&nbsp;Haikun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifan Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Lin ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Yijing Han ,&nbsp;Baoyu Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chlamys farreri</em>, commonly known as the Zhikong scallop, holds considerable value in global mariculture due to its economic importance. However, diseases pose a major threat to the scallop aquaculture industry. Thus, investigating the innate immune mechanisms of scallops, including the apoptosis mechanism, holds significant importance for the prevention and control of diseases. In this study, an executioner Caspase gene was isolated from the Zhikong scallop (<em>Cf-Caspase-3/7-1</em>), and its functional characteristics were explored. The complete open reading frame of <em>Cf-Caspase-3/7-1</em> is 1698 base pairs in length, encoding a polypeptide composed of 566 amino acids. The analysis of the protein function domain revealed the existence of a conserved Caspase catalytic domain (CASc) in the C-terminal of Cf-Caspase-3/7-1. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Cf-Caspase-3/7-1 belongs to the molluscan Caspase-3/7 subfamily. qRT-PCR analysis showed that <em>Cf-Caspase-3/7-</em>1 mRNA is expressed in all the tissues investigated, with the highest transcript abundance observed in the gills. Additionally, its expression was mainly caused by various pathogenic molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, peptidoglycan, and the acute viral necrosis virus. Overexpression of Cf-Caspase-3/7-1 in HEK293T cells induced dose-dependent NF-κB reporter genes activation and apoptosis, as shown by distinct morphological changes and increased Caspase-3/7 activity. Our findings provide a new perspective on the mechanism of action of the Caspase gene in mollusks and facilitate the advancement of comparative immunology as well as the sustainable development of the scallop aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic dynamics and immune-associated SNP discovery in Monopterus albus infected with Chinese rice-field eel rhabdovirus","authors":"Yuzhuo He ,&nbsp;Xin Ren ,&nbsp;Qinglin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Feng ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Yiqun Li ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Meng ,&nbsp;Yuding Fan ,&nbsp;Zhengli Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral infections represent a significant challenge to the health and productivity of Chinese rice-field eel (<em>Monopterus albus</em>) aquaculture. In this study, a 108-h preliminary experiment identified the critical immune response window between 24 and 48 h post-infection (hpi) with Chinese rice-field eel rhabdovirus (CrERV). Based on this, kidney and spleen tissues were sampled at 24 and 48 hpi for histopathological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Marked hemorrhage and tissue destruction were observed in the kidneys at 48 hpi, indicating progressive pathological damage during later stages of infection. To investigate molecular responses, transcriptome sequencing of kidney tissues at 0, 24, and 48 hpi was performed. Functional enrichment via GO and KEGG analysis revealed significant activation of immune-related pathways, such as NF-κB signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. The reliability of the transcriptomic data was validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 77 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to protein-protein interaction network analysis, identifying 15 hub DEGs as key immune regulators. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed high expression of these genes in the kidney and spleen, highlighting their central roles in antiviral defense. Among the key genes, <em>LAMR</em> was found to harbor functional SNPs and was further analyzed. small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of <em>LAMR</em>, followed by viral challenge using CrERV, significantly delayed median lethal time and improved survival, suggesting a protective role potentially through inhibition of viral entry or replication. In addition, several SNPs within immune-related genes were identified, some of which may influence gene function or expression, offering potential molecular markers for selective breeding. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the immune dynamics and genetic responses to viral infection in <em>M. albus</em>, providing valuable insights and molecular resources for disease prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ILA mitigates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction via lipid-immune crosstalk and gut microbiota modulation in zebrafish","authors":"Fengli Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiajun Tian ,&nbsp;Jitong Li ,&nbsp;Tengyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-fat-induced metabolic syndrome poses many challenges to fish farming. In our previous study, we found that probiotic <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em> can increase the tryptophan microbiota metabolite indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). Therefore, this study further investigates the effect of ILA on resisting HFD-induced metabolic disorders and preliminarily explores its mechanism in zebrafish. We found that supplementation with 100 μg/g ILA significantly attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, improved feed conversion ratio, and had no effect on survival rate. Additionally, ILA alleviated hepatic steatosis, significantly reducing triglyceride accumulation by downregulating lipogenic genes (<em>DGAT2</em>, <em>SREBP-1c</em>; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), while enhancing the expression of lipolytic‌ gene, such as <em>UCP2</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Concurrently, ILA preserved intestinal barrier integrity by attenuating intestinal villi damage and restoring tight junction ultrastructure. <em>q</em>RT-PCR results showed that ILA supplementation enhanced both intestinal mechanical and chemical barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins (<em>Muc2</em>, <em>TJP-1α</em>, <em>Cldn12</em>) and complement <em>C3b</em>. Additionally, HFD increased serum LPS and hepatic LBP, which were reversed by ILA. And it could also ameliorate HFD-induced low-grade inflammation, as evidenced by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>TNF-α</em>, <em>IL-6</em>; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) while elevating anti-inflammatory <em>IL-10</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis revealed ILA intake exerted no significant effects on alpha diversity, yet profoundly restructured microbial composition by reducing Bacillota, Bacteroidota abundance and enriching Fusobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota compared to the HFD group, accompanied by reduced abundance of pathogenic genera (<em>Shewanella</em>, <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Malacoplasma</em>, <em>Culicoidibacter</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas</em>). Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 3594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following ILA supplementation. These DEGs were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism and immune-related pathways, including drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, glycerolipid metabolism, as well as the PPAR/FoxO/insulin signaling pathways. It was further verified that the effects of ILA could be mediated via <em>AhR2</em> receptor activation, followed by the modulation of <em>Cyp1a1</em>, a downstream gene involved in drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Multi-omics analyses revealed significant correlation between gut microbial genera abundance and pathway-specific gene expression. These findings collectively demonstrated that ILA ameliorates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction through dual regulation of lipid homeostasis, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation, providing insights into its potential mechanisms","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of candidate genes associated with AHPND resistance based on genome-wide association study in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Baohua Duan ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Zhenning Bao ,&nbsp;Fuhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pacific white shrimp <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> (<em>L</em>. <em>vannamei</em>) is one of the most important mariculture species. A massive outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) resulted in a huge economic loss to the shrimp aquaculture industry. In this study, a total of 1033 individuals resistant and susceptible to AHPND were genotyped using a custom-designed SNP chip based on target sequencing technology. A total of 54,092 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 122 SNPs associated with the AHPND resistance traits in shrimp, including 2 genome-wide significant SNPs and 120 chromosome-wide SNPs. These SNPs were distributed across multiple chromosomes and formed a haplotype block on chr27, revealing the polygenic nature of AHPND resistance in <em>L. vannamei</em>. Additionally, 76 candidate genes were identified near these SNPs. Among them, translocon-associated protein subunit alpha (<em>TRAPα</em>) and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3 (<em>SMPDL3</em>) were confirmed to be associated with this trait. These findings not only offer new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying AHPND resistance in shrimp but also provide valuable genetic markers for molecular breeding in this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}