Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization, transcriptional profiling, and antioxidant activity assessment of nucleoredoxin (NXN) as a novel member of thioredoxin from red-lip mullet (Planiliza haematocheilus)","authors":"M.A.H. Dilshan ,&nbsp;W.K.M. Omeka ,&nbsp;H.M.V. Udayantha ,&nbsp;D.S. Liyanage ,&nbsp;D.C.G. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;G.A.N.P. Ganepola ,&nbsp;W.A.D.L.R. Warnakula ,&nbsp;H.A.C.R. Hanchapola ,&nbsp;Y.K. Kodagoda ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Kim ,&nbsp;Gaeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jihun Lee ,&nbsp;Qiang Wan ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleoredoxin (NXN) is a prominent oxidoreductase enzyme, classified under the thioredoxin family, and plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis. Although the functional characterization of NXN has been extensively studied in mammals, its role in fish remains relatively unexplored. In this study, the <em>NXN</em> gene from <em>Planiliza haematocheilus</em> (<em>PhNXN</em>) was molecularly and functionally characterized using <em>in silico</em> tools, expression analyses, and <em>in vitro</em> assays. The predicted protein sequence of <em>PhNXN</em> contained 418 amino acids with an anticipated molecular mass of 47.53 kDa. It comprised a highly conserved ¹⁸⁸CPPC¹⁹¹ catalytic motif in the central NXN domain and two thioredoxin-like domains enriched with conserved Cys residues. PhNXN protein was primarily localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cells. The spatial and temporal expression analyses of <em>PhNXN</em> mRNA showed the highest expression level in the brain under normal physiological conditions, while a significant modulation was detected in the blood and head kidney following immunostimulation with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharides, and <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em>. Recombinant PhNXN protein exhibited DPPH radical scavenging, thiol-dependent disulfide reduction, and cupric ion reduction activities. Additionally, PhNXN overexpression significantly suppressed oxidative stress-induced cell death, heavy metal cation-induced reactive oxygen species production, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus-induced cellular apoptosis in fish cells. Furthermore, PhNXN overexpression in RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated notable nitric oxide scavenging activity, M2-type polarization, and anti-inflammatory effect. Collectively, the overall findings of the study highlight the antioxidant and immunological functions of <em>PhNXN</em> in red-lip mullet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIGIRR plays a dual role in zebrafish infected with Edwardsiella piscicida: Boosting digestive system wellness and mitigating inflammation","authors":"Ting Yu ,&nbsp;Shuo Yang ,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Deng ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Weihua Gao ,&nbsp;Bei Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiaoqing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein (SIGIRR) negatively regulates the inflammatory response induced by bacterial infection by inhibiting the excessive synthesis of inflammatory mediators and overactivation. This inhibitory mechanism reduces the fish's susceptibility to pathogens and enhances survival rates. Zebrafish lacking the SIGIRR gene were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout technology. In a zebrafish model infected with <em>Edwardsiella piscicida</em>, researchers found that SIGIRR gene deletion led to a significant increase in the activation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. This deletion also resulted in intestinal villus epithelium damage, epithelial shedding, separation of the epithelium and lamina propria, and a severe reduction in goblet cells. After <em>E. piscicida</em> infection, the survival rate of SIGIRR^−/− zebrafish was significantly reduced, and the number of <em>E. piscicida</em> in the body was also significantly increased. Intestinal acid phosphatase activity in SIGIRR^−/− zebrafish was markedly elevated compared to wild-type (WT) zebrafish. Furthermore, the intestinal mucosal layer and villus thickness in SIGIRR^−/− zebrafish were reduced compared to WT zebrafish. The enzymatic activities of lipase and lysozyme in the intestines of SIGIRR^−/− zebrafish were significantly lower than in WT zebrafish. This study reveals the detrimental effects of SIGIRR gene deletion on the intestinal health of zebrafish, leading to decreased innate immune capacity and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragaloside IV can mitigate heat stress-induced tissue damage through modulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Hua Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Bao ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyi Yu ,&nbsp;Hui Yu ,&nbsp;Ying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the potential protective effect of AS-IV against heat stress-induced tissue damage in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>). Grass carp were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg of AS-IV for three consecutive days, and then subjected to heat stress (35 ± 0.5 °C); thereafter, histopathological analyses of the liver and spleen were performed at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The results indicated that sustained heat stress resulted in hemorrhage, vacuolization, increased hepatic blood sinusoidal space, inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, and decreased number of melanomacrophage centers in the spleen; conversely, 4 and 8 mg/kg AS-IV attenuated the pathological symptoms induced by heat stress and mitigated tissue damage in the liver and spleen of grass carp. The possible mechanism is that AS-IV promotes Nrf2 signaling through the downregulation of <em>keap1a</em> and <em>keap1b</em>, thereby activating the Keap1–Nrf2 signaling pathway, leading to changes in the levels of protection-related genes in the liver (GSH-Px and CAT levels were elevated while MDA levels were decreased, and <em>gsh-px</em>, <em>cat</em>, <em>cu-zn sod</em>, and <em>hsp7</em>0 mRNA levels were upregulated while <em>il-</em>6 mRNA levels were downregulated) and spleen (GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels were increased while MDA levels were decreased, and <em>il-</em>6 mRNA levels were downregulated), which, in turn, improves the antioxidant ability of grass carp. Additionally, an appropriate dose of AS-IV transiently increased complement C3 levels after sustained heat stress, thereby improving the immunity of grass carp under heat stress. In conclusion, AS-IV can mitigate tissue damage induced in response to heat stress by modulating the redox homeostasis of grass carp and can be practically implemented in aquaculture sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARRDC3, a novel α-arrestin, modulates WSSV replication and AHPND pathogenesis in Litopeneaus vannamei","authors":"Ramya Kumar ,&nbsp;Brandon Rafael de Jesús Castillo-Corea ,&nbsp;Shih-Shun Lin ,&nbsp;Chien-Kang Huang ,&nbsp;Han-Ching Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although shrimp are a valuable protein source, shrimp aquaculture has numerous challenges from various infectious diseases and understanding molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is crucial for disease management. In this study, a gene-to-gene correlation network generated from a transcriptomic database of the stomach of shrimp infected with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) was used to identify a new α-arrestin, termed arrestin domain containing-3 gene (<em>Lv</em>ARRDC3), with crucial roles in development of both AHPND and white spot disease (WSD). Double stranded RNA-mediated silencing or plasmid-mediated overexpression of <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 gene significantly decreased expression of WSSV genes (<em>IE1</em>, <em>VP28</em>, and <em>ICP11</em>) and viral genome copy numbers. Nevertheless, in AHPND, silencing the <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 gene increased the AHPND-associated plasmid and Pir toxins copy numbers, whereas overexpression of <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 had the opposite effect. An <em>in vitro</em> pathogen binding assay with recombinant <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 protein produced robust binding to WSSV virions and AHPND-causing <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. Moreover, based on immunofluorescence, <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 was localized in the cytoplasm of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (Sf9) insect cells. Therefore, we inferred that <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 has a role in pathogen internalization, making it a valuable target for addressing AHPND and WSD and also a biomarker for marker-associated shrimp breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and antimicrobial characterization of rhamnose-binding lectin in Pinctada fucata martensii","authors":"Qiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaojie Li ,&nbsp;Zhijie Guo ,&nbsp;Haiying Liang ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Chuanjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) are key components of pattern recognition molecules involved in pathogen clearance during non-specific immune responses and play an important role in the immune response of Mollusca. <em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em> is an essential species for artificial seawater pearl cultivation in China. With the increasing pollution of seawater, the study of the immune function of <em>P. f. martensii</em> has become increasingly urgent. Therefore, investigating the basic structural characteristics and immunological activity of RBL is of significant interest. This study employed RACE technology to clone and perform bioinformatics analysis on the RBL from <em>P. f. martensii</em> (<em>PmRBL</em>). Real-time quantitative fluorescence (qRT-PCR) technology was used to analyze gene expression following stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, a prokaryotic expression vector for <em>PmRBL</em> was constructed, followed by an evaluation of the antibacterial and hemolytic activities of the recombinant protein. The results revealed that the cDNA sequence of the <em>PmRBL</em> gene is 1045 bp in length, with its open reading frame (ORF) encoding 212 amino acids that include two D-galactoside-binding lectin domains. The expression of <em>PmRBL</em> across various tissues and in response to PAMP stimulation showed that <em>PmRBL</em> was most abundantly expressed in the gill tissue of <em>P. f. martensii</em> and exhibited a significant response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). From the perspective of antibacterial activity, PmRBL exhibited significant efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the functional characteristics of RBLs in Mollusca and provides new insights into the immune molecular polymorphism of <em>P. f. martensii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, characterization of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and validation of the potential probiotic efficacy on growth, immunity, and gut microbiota in hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂)","authors":"Qingfeng Su ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Peng ,&nbsp;Zihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongcheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Bowu He ,&nbsp;Pengfei Chu ,&nbsp;Chengke Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics are increasingly considered as an alternative to antibiotics in developing environmentally sustainable aquaculture practices. Hybrid sturgeon (<em>Acipenser baerii</em> ♀ × <em>Acipenser schrenckii</em> ♂), a globally popular species valued for its nutritional content and caviar, has limited research on host-associated probiotics. In this study, we isolated and identified <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> from healthy hybrid sturgeon and assessed their impact on growth, immunity, gut microbiota, and transcriptome following an 8-week feeding trial. The isolated strains demonstrated strong production of protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, along with broad-spectrum pathogen inhibition, including <em>Aeromonas veronii</em>, <em>Aeromonas sobria</em>, and <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em>. Supplementation with <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> significantly improved growth performance and increased survival rates against <em>A. veronii</em> infection. Mechanistically, probiotics altered gut microbiota composition, enhancing digestive functions. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that probiotic supplementation boosted immune response and protein digestion and absorption. These findings suggest that <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> are promising probiotic candidates for the hybrid sturgeon industry, offering effective protection against <em>A. veronii</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immunomodulatory and antioxidative effects of curcumin-supplemented diets against the isolated Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Ghada A. El-Gammal ,&nbsp;Gehan I.E. Ali ,&nbsp;Aly S. Saif ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Elbaz ,&nbsp;Sabreen E. Fadl ,&nbsp;Nagwa I.S. Abu-Zahra","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>A. hydrophila</em>) has become a significant foodborne pathogen, causing gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans as well as severe economic losses in fish farms. Thus, we conducted this research in two experiments. The experiment 1 investigated the prevalence of <em>A. hydrophila</em> among Nile tilapia in different farms in Kafrelsheikh province and its pathogenicity by detecting some of its virulence genes before being used in the in <em>vivo</em> experiment. The experiment 2 was done to investigate the effect of dietary curcumin on growth performance, humoral immunity, antioxidants, and histopathology of Nile tilapia through a sixty-day feeding trial. Nile tilapia was divided into 3 groups, each in 3 replicates. Fish were given diets that included 0.0 (C, control), 1 % (10 g curcumin/kg diet; G1), and 2 % curcumin/kg diet (20 g curcumin/kg diet; G2). Moreover, the antibacterial effect of dietary curcumin against isolated bacteria in experiment 1 was investigated through experimental infection. The study's findings of experiment 1 indicated that the incidence of isolated <em>A. hydrophila</em> was 28 %. Moreover, the virulence aerolysin (<em>aerA</em>) and haemolysin (<em>hlyA</em>) genes were found in 100 % and 50 % of the isolates, respectively. The experiment 2 outcomes demonstrated that the growth-modulating impacts of dietary curcumin were notably noticed in final weight, feed intake, weight gain%, and specific growth rate without pathological lesions in the different organs. In addition, the white blood cell and lymphocyte counts significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increased in Nile tilapia fed dietary curcumin. Similar improvements in humoral immunity (lysozyme and phagocytic activity) and antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were seen in the 1 % curcumin group (G1). The experimental infection with a virulent strain of <em>A. hydrophila</em> that was previously isolated in experiment 1 showed a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality rates in the 1 % curcumin treatment group (G1), followed by the 2 % group (G2). The present study concluded that under current experimental conditions, dietary curcumin at a dose of 10 g/kg diet proves effective, but the dose of 1 % may not be optimal for tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of Caspase-8 in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)","authors":"Ziqi Ban ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Yue ,&nbsp;Kejing Huang ,&nbsp;Lu Yuan ,&nbsp;Suming Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianhu Jiang ,&nbsp;Chenjie Fei ,&nbsp;Jiasong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the internal environment. Caspase-8, an initiator caspase, plays a pivotal role in activating the caspase cascade during the apoptotic process. This study cloned and expressed Caspase-8 from goldfish, aimed to investigate the role of Caspase-8 in the immune response of fish to bacterial infections, specifically those caused by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. The Gf-Casp8 gene consists of 1425 base pairs, encoding a protein of 474 amino acids with a molecular weight of 54.55 kDa. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Gf-Casp8 is highly expressed in the spleen and kidney, with lower expression levels in the muscle and heart. Moreover, Gf-Casp8 expression was significantly upregulated in kidney leukocytes following stimulation with <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> and LPS. Post-immunization, both mRNA and protein levels of Gf-Casp8 in the kidney were significantly increased. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Gf-Casp8 is localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that overexpression of Gf-Casp8 significantly enhances apoptosis in HEK293T cells. These results highlight the critical function of Gf-Casp8 in modulating apoptosis and antibacterial immune responses in goldfish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemolysis-associated release of hemoglobin induces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disturbance and aggravates cell oxidative damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Ningjing Li ,&nbsp;Jialing Song ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Bing Chen ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Li ,&nbsp;Li Lin ,&nbsp;Zhendong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver is a key site for the removal of cell-free hemin during hemolysis. However, the mechanism underlying liver damage caused by hemolysis in teleost hemolytic disorderss remains unclear. In this study, the hemin incubation of grass carp liver cells (L8824) and phenylhydrazine (PHZ) injection were employed to simulate <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> hemolysis models. The Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay results of the L8824 cells showed that the hemin caused obvious cell death and exhibited concentration-dependent characteristics. Furthermore, hemin stimulation significantly increased intracellular iron content, markedly enhanced intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, triggered the activation of genes linked to iron metabolism, and disrupted mitochondrial structural integrity. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay and enzyme activity findings indicated that the hemoglobin (Hb) treatment activated the activity and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, while the addition of compound inhibitors I, II, and III could rescue hemin-induced cell death. Finally, a hemolysis model was established via intraperitoneal injection of PHZ in the grass carp. Histopathological analysis and <em>in vivo</em> transcriptome data showed that PHZ-induced hemolysis resulted in liver inflammation and iron and collagen fiber buildup. Additionally, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical data indicated it enhanced the ROS generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), destroyed the mitochondria, and up-regulated the transcription of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. In summary, the cell-free Hb released during hemolysis increased iron deposition, disrupted iron metabolism homeostasis, and caused oxidative stress. Consequently, this destroyed mitochondria function and ultimately exacerbated cell death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of intestinal microbiota and its function on digestion and immunity of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai fed two different sources of dietary soybean protein","authors":"Xiaojun Yu ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Wanyou Zhou ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated the replacement of fish meal (FM) with two different soybean protein sources (soybean protein concentrate (SPC) and soybean meal (SBM)) on the intestine microbiota of abalone <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em> and the implications for the host intestinal function and health. The control diet with FM as the main protein source (CON), and the four experimental diets with 50 % and 100 % SBM replacing FM (SBM50 and SBM100), and 25 % and 100 % SPC replacing FM (SPC25 and SPC100) were fed to abalone for 110 days. The intestinal microbiota analysis results revealed that there were no significant differences in α-diversity indices (Chao1, Ace, Sobs, and Shannon) among all groups. However, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) demonstrated dramatic shifts in the intestinal microbiota component at the genus level among the groups. Venn diagram analysis identified 470 overlapping operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the five groups, with the SBM50 and CON groups exhibiting the highest and lowest number of unique OTUs, respectively. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla in abalone, with <em>Mycoplasma</em> being the dominant genus (CON: 42.95 %; SBM50: 23.98 %; SBM100: 49.32 %; SPC25: 27.20 %; SPC100: 34.25 %). Notably, the pathogens <em>Vibrio</em> abundance in the SPC25 group was significantly lower than in the CON group. The intestinal microbiota networks in the CON, SBM50, SBM100, SPC25, and SPC100 groups consisted of 1757, 2140, 1992, 2281 and 1747 edges, respectively. Furthermore, correlation heatmap results suggested that digestive enzymes and immune indices in abalone were associated with specific intestinal microbiota. Functional prediction via the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the replacement levels of dietary FM with SBM and SPC significantly affect various biological functions of the intestinal microbiota. In summary, feeding SBM (50 %) and SPC (25 %) diets to abalone increased the abundance of beneficial bacterium in the intestines, contributing to improved digestion and increased growth rate of abalone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}