Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Different molecular responses of Mytilus mantle to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan challenges","authors":"Zilin Yang ,&nbsp;Pingling Cao ,&nbsp;Wenhui Xiao ,&nbsp;Fang Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyu He ,&nbsp;Isabella Buttino ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yan ,&nbsp;Zhi Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mytilus</em> live in water as sessile filter feeders, and the mantle tissue plays an important role in their immune defense. However, the overall knowledge of the immunity of this tissue remains limited. Peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are the most representative microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that play roles in the immune stimulation of host cells. In the present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomic analysis was performed to understand the precise regulatory mechanism at the molecular level in the <em>Mytilus</em> mantle in response to PGN and LPS stress. Moreover, the antioxidant ability and free amino acid composition of the mantle, and the antimicrobial activities of mantle mucus were evaluated. Our results revealed that LPS and PGN stresses had different effects on the mantle's free amino acid composition and antioxidant ability, and the mantle mucus' antimicrobial activity. Both PGN and LPS stress-induced alterations in amino acids, phospholipids, fatty acids, nucleotides, and their derivatives in the mantle. PGN injection activated the amino acid-related metabolism, and inhibited the lipid-related metabolisms in the mantle, while LPS injection activated the amino acid-related metabolisms and inhibited the arachidonic acid metabolism in the mantle compared to that in the control group. In addition, activation of the mTOR and FoxO signaling pathways and inhibition of lipid-related metabolism were observed in PGN <em>vs</em>. LPS. In addition, PGN injection induced the upregulation of fosfomycin and deoxynojirimycin in the mantle compared to LPS injection. Our study highlights the different responses at the metabolomic level of the mussel mantle to different MAMPs and the potential application of metabolites that specifically respond to PGN and LPS challenges in mussels as biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel role of PvUCP4 in Penaeus vannamei in response to Vibrio alginolyticus challenge","authors":"Zhengxinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Caoyuan Han ,&nbsp;FuHui Geng ,&nbsp;XiaoTong Huang ,&nbsp;BeiBei Dong ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiguo Qian ,&nbsp;Qingjian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondria are the energy production and metabolic centers of cells. About 90 % of reactive oxygen species come from mitochondria. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) have a protective effect against oxidative stress in mitochondria. But this regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood in crustaceans. Here, we investigated the mechanism of <em>Pv</em>UCP4 under <em>vibrio alginolyticus</em> challenge. Transcriptome analysis revealed that energy metabolism is a key pathway in the shrimp's immune response. Interestingly, <em>Pv</em>UCP4, a mitochondrial uncoupling protein, was found to be inhibited, indicating its potential involvement in the shrimp's resistance to <em>V. alginolyticus</em>. Silencing <em>Pv</em>UCP4 upregulates antioxidant enzyme gene expression, including SOD, CAT, and GPX. However, pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine revealed that silencing <em>Pv</em>UCP4 had no effect on the expression of antioxidant genes. Pretreatment with LPS, a bacterial cell wall component, can rescue partial inhibition of DJ-1/NF-κB signaling pathway related genes caused by overexpression of <em>Pv</em>UCP4. In addition, inhibiting <em>Pv</em>UCP4 increased the expression of apoptosis-related genes and induced apoptosis. Ultimately, silencing <em>Pv</em>UCP4 reduced the survival rate of shrimp under <em>V. alginolyticus</em> stress. Collectively, these findings suggest that <em>Pv</em>UCP4 is neither dependent on the antioxidant enzyme system for its antioxidant effects nor on the negative feedback regulation of the DJ-1 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Litopeidin28-51, a novel antimicrobial peptide from Litopenaeus vannamei, combats white spot syndrome virus infection through direct virus lysis and immunomodulatory effects","authors":"Xin-Zhan Meng ,&nbsp;Yingyi Duan ,&nbsp;Yuqi Bai ,&nbsp;Weibin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke-Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Fangyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) poses a critical threat to crustacean aquaculture, particularly shrimp, causing widespread pandemics. In crustaceans, hemocytes function as a key component of the innate immune system and play a pivotal role in both cellular and humoral immune responses by producing various immune factors, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to defend against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, an uncharacterized functional gene named <em>Litopeidin</em> was identified in Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>). It exhibited heightened expression in hemocytes and demonstrated a significant response to WSSV infection. Further, a truncated peptide, Litopeidin_28-51, derived from this gene, was characterized and identified as a novel AMP with robust antibacterial and antifungal properties, especially against common aquatic pathogens, including Vibrio spp. Moreover, Litopeidin_28-51 significantly suppressed the expression of viral genes (<em>IE1</em> and <em>VP28</em>, WSSV replication-related genes) and the VP28 protein, as well as reduced viral copy numbers in hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cells following WSSV infection. Mechanistic studies revealed that Litopeidin_28-51 exhibited a direct virucidal effect on WSSV and significantly upregulated immune-related gene expression (including <em>Relish, ALF, Crustin,</em> and <em>LYZ1</em>) in Hpt cells. Notably, in <em>Cherax quadricarinatus</em> and <em>L. vannamei</em>, either co- or pre-treatment with Litopeidin_28-51 markedly reduced animal mortality and viral replication in tissues. Collectively, the findings suggest that Litopeidin_28-51, a newly identified AMP with potent antibacterial activity, effectively inhibits WSSV replication by disrupting the viral envelope and regulating the cellular antiviral responses, making it a promising candidate for developing anti-infective agents or immunostimulants in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The defatted black soldier fly meal (Hermetia illucens) improved the pathogen resistance and gut health of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Ming-Yang Bao ,&nbsp;Guan-Xiu Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Nan-nan Zhou ,&nbsp;Hua Wei ,&nbsp;Fang Qiao ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Du ,&nbsp;Mei-Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a novel protein source, the black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) possesses the potential to enhance fish health due to its high protein content, essential amino acids, and bioactive compounds, but the mechanisms by which defatted black soldier fly meal affects fish health remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SM) with defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on the pathogen resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Defatted black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) meal was used to replace 0 % (CON), 15 % (H15), 30 % (H30), 45 % (H45), and 60 % (H60) of soybean meal in the diets, which were fed to Nile tilapia for 8 weeks. At the second week of the experiment, an unexpected infection was observed in the Nile tilapia, with subsequent isolation and identification confirming the pathogen as <em>Aeromonas veronii</em>. The results showed that defatted black soldier fly meal improved the survival rate and reduced the intestinal inflammation of Nile tilapia in H60 group compared to CON group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the gut indicated that a 60 % replacement of soybean meal with defatted black soldier fly meal significantly increased the number of goblet cells in the intestine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and upregulated the expression level of mucin 2 (<em>muc2</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Throughout the experiment period, the survival rate in the defatted black soldier fly meal groups was higher than that in the soybean meal group, with the H60 group exhibiting the most significant improvement. In addition, defatted black soldier fly meal exhibited a promotion effect on goblet cell numbers, mucin production and mucin secretion with a dose dependent manner (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). To identify the possible mechanism by which defatted black soldier fly meal enhanced goblet cell numbers, gut microbiome and metabolomics were conducted. The results showed that the defatted black soldier fly meal altered the composition of intestinal microbiota and increased the content of L-tyrosine in the H60 group. The effects of L-tyrosine were further identified in LS174T cells, and the results showed that L-tyrosine upregulated the expression levels of <em>muc2</em> and SAM pointed domain-containing Ets transcription factor (<em>spdef</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the defatted black soldier fly meal improves gut health and enhances pathogen resistance, ultimately leading to the increased survival rates of Nile tilapia when exposed to <em>A. veronii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulates of Moringa oleifera seed extracts enhance immunological parameters of Almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge","authors":"Martha Reyes-Becerril ,&nbsp;Minerva Maldonado-García ,&nbsp;Mercedes G. López ,&nbsp;Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara ,&nbsp;Carlos Angulo","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moringa oleifera seed (MoS) and spray-dried seed (Sd-Mo) were supplemented in experimental diets to Almaco Jack <em>Seriola rivoliana,</em> and sampled on weeks 2 and 4; also, resistance against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> was evaluated. Chemical compounds were determined by GC/MS and polyphenols contents were determined in MoS. After 4 weeks of experimental trial, weight growth and bactericidal activity were evaluated in serum, while intestine content was obtained to determinate the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, remaining fish were challenged during week 4 against <em>A. hydrophila,</em> and immune response parameters were determined in serum; on the final day, fish were sampled to obtain leukocytes from head-kidney to evaluate innate immune parameters. The GC-MS analysis indicated that MoS contained 39 chemical compounds such as polyalcohol, in addition to the presence of phenols. The results revealed that Sd-Mo significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) weight gain after 2 and 4 weeks. Experimental diets supplemented with Sd-Mo showed significant increase on bactericidal activity against <em>A. hydrophila</em> A-315, as well as concentration of acetic (C2:0) acid obtained by SCFA in serum in this group of fish. After infection, total protein, lysozyme, nitric oxide and the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) were increased in serum from fish fed with Sd-Mo. Interestingly, e<em>x vivo</em> assay determined in head-kidney leukocytes revealed that fish fed with Sd-Mo increased their defense against <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection with enhanced phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide production activities. In summary, this study suggested that fish fed with supplemented diets Sd-Mo (0.5 %) has a positive effect than not processed MoS, enhancing weight gain and <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> immunological parameters after infection with <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of gill and skin microbiota in Larimichthys crocea reveals bacteria associated with cryptocaryoniasis resistance potential","authors":"Xiao Xie ,&nbsp;Kangshuai Sun ,&nbsp;Aowei Liu ,&nbsp;Rujiang Miao ,&nbsp;Fei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptocaryoniasis, caused by the ciliate parasite <em>Cryptocaryon irritans</em>, poses a significant threat to the large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) in intensive marine aquaculture. This study explores the interaction between skin and gill microbiota and <em>C. irritans</em> infection, focusing on the role of commensal microbes in disease resistance. Fish were challenged with 100 theronts per gram of body weight, leading to substantial microbial dysbiosis, characterized by decreased alpha diversity and disrupted co-occurrence networks, particularly on the skin. Post-infection, <em>Vibrio</em> abundance significantly increased in both gills and skin, suggesting potential for secondary infections. Conversely, lower <em>Vibrio</em> levels correlated with higher populations of <em>Bdellovibrio</em>-like organisms (BALOs), which may play a beneficial role in microbial balance. Fish showed varying susceptibility, with mildly infected individuals exhibiting less histopathological damage and a stronger immune response, indicated by elevated interleukin-1β (<em>IL-1β</em>) and interleukin-8 (<em>IL-8</em>) levels. Correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between relative infection intensity (RII) and microbial composition, with certain bacteria known for anti-eukaryotic microbial properties showing negative correlations with RII. Additionally, the abundance of nitrogen-metabolizing bacteria also correlated negatively with RII. Functional predictions indicated increased bacterial genes related to denitrification and vitamin biosynthesis post-infection. Notably, <em>Candidatus Midichloria</em> was identified as a potential biomarker for <em>C. irritans</em> infection and is thought to be an endosymbiont of <em>C. irritans</em>, with its presence validated through PCR analysis. These findings illuminate microbial dynamics during <em>C. irritans</em> infection and suggest probiotic candidates for managing cryptocaryoniasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress induced by combined glyphosate and TBBPA exposure promotes gill autophagy and inflammation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","authors":"Mingyue Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Lou ,&nbsp;Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Yuting Dong ,&nbsp;Shize Wang ,&nbsp;Tingting Yu ,&nbsp;Xinrui Deng ,&nbsp;Shu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glyphosate and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are pollutants that pose a serious threat to the ecological safety of aquatic environments. However, there has been no report on the effects of combined exposure on the toxicity of carp fish gills in water. Therefore, we constructed a model of carp gill tissue and the carp epithelioma cells (EPC) cells exposed to glyphosate and/or TBBPA <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, established a control group, a glyphosate group, a TBBPA group, and a glyphosate + TBBPA group, and added PI3K/AKT pathway activator musk ketone <em>in vitro</em> to verify the relationship between toxins and pathways. qRT-PCR and western blotting methods were used to detect the expression of oxidative stress-related indicators (CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, H₂O₂) and related genes. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> results showed that glyphosate and/or TBBPA exposure resulted in overproduction of ROS, decreased activity of CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and increased H₂O₂ content. Glyphosate and/or TBBPA exposure inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, further resulting in increased autophagy related genes LC3, ATG-5, Beclin-1, and decreased p62 expression. Inflammation related genes TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 increased. And it was more significant when exposed in combination than when exposed alone. The addition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator musk ketone <em>in vitro</em> can significantly alleviate the changes of autophagy and inflammation-related indicators. In summary, glyphosate and/or TBBPA induce oxidative stress by promoting gill autophagy and inflammation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 110190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRAM2 inhibits white spot syndrome virus infection via activating autophagy in Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Xiyu Huang ,&nbsp;Mingming Zhao ,&nbsp;Jieyu Huang ,&nbsp;Mingjian Liu ,&nbsp;Linwei Yang ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulators have been identified as key activators of autophagy, an emerging mechanism to combat viral infections. In this study, we cloned and characterized the DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 homolog from the shrimp <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> (designated as <em>Pv</em>DRAM2) and investigated its potential roles during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. The predicted three-dimensional structure of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 consists of six β-fold regions, which exhibit conservation with similar structures in other species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the clusters of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 evolved alongside invertebrate DRAMs, showing a close relationship with DRAMs from <em>Penaeus japonicus</em> and <em>Homarus americanus</em>. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 is ubiquitously expressed across various shrimp tissues, with significantly increased expression levels in hemocytes and intestines following WSSV challenge. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 notably elevated WSSV loads and reduced survival rates in shrimps subjected to WSSV challenge. Functionally, the overexpression of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 enhanced autophagy in High Five cells. Additionally, the application of autophagy activators demonstrated that activating autophagy could counteract the increased WSSV replication precipitated by the knockdown of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2. Collectively, our findings suggest that <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 may inhibit WSSV infection by activating autophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 110240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a type I IFN- and IRF-inducible enhancer in the 5′-UTR intron of MAVS in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Wenxing Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Feng ,&nbsp;Huazhi Chen ,&nbsp;Jingqun Ao ,&nbsp;Xinhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) relays signals from RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) to induce type I interferon (IFN) production. In teleost fish, MAVS expression is significantly upregulated in response to viral infections or synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), whereas mammalian MAVS does not exhibit a similar response. However, the mechanisms regulating MAVS expression in teleosts remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the viral mimic poly(I:C)-induced upregulation of <em>Larimichthys crocea</em> (<em>Lc</em>) MAVS occurs via the type I IFN signaling pathway. Inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway significantly suppressed both poly(I:C)- and <em>Lc</em>IFNi-induced <em>Lc</em>MAVS expression. Further analysis revealed that an enhancer in the 5′- untranslated region (UTR) intron of <em>Lc</em>MAVS contains two functional interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs), which are crucial for its activation. The enhancer activity of <em>Lc</em>MAVS is regulated by interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), including IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, IRF9, and IRF11. These IRFs form several heterodimeric complexes, such as IRF1/3, IRF1/7, IRF3/7, and IRF3/11, to mediate <em>Lc</em>MAVS enhancer activation. Structural analysis indicates that the ISRE motifs in the intronic enhancer can accommodate two or three DNA-binding domains (DBDs) from IRFs. These findings provide a potential explanation for the differential regulation of MAVS in response to stimuli in teleosts and mammals. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that MAVS is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in a marine fish, providing insights into the evolutionary divergence of the vertebrate RLR signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 110241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of skin mucosal immune responses, cyto-genotoxicity and histological alterations in arsenic exposed Labeo rohita by Moringa oleifera supplementation","authors":"Fakhira Khalid,&nbsp;Hamda Azmat","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) residue is present predominantly in aquatic ecosystem and fishery products globally, which is critically hazardous to both fish and consumer health beyond its permissible limit. Therefore, finding effective ways to mitigate As toxicity has become a priority. Hence, <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (<em>M. oleifera</em>), a medicinal plant containing several pharmacological properties, was evaluated for reducing adverse effects of sub-lethal concentration of As (1/3rd of 96 h LC₅₀ = 6.75 mgL⁻¹) in <em>Labeo rohita</em> (Rahu). Briefly, healthy acclimatized individual of <em>L</em>. <em>rohita</em> were allotted into four aquariums and named as T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄. Each group had three replicates (10 fish in each aquarium). T₁ group served as control, exposed with no As and fed with basal diet. T₂, T₃ and T₄ groups were exposed to As and treated with 0, 2 and 4 % <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf extract supplemented diet respectively, for 28 days. Fish exposed to As and fed a diet with 0 % <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf extract exhibited increased histological alterations, elevated levels of liver enzymes, cortisol, antioxidant status, and relative expression of the cytochrome P450 gene, while showing significant decreases in skin mucosal immune responses (lysozyme, protease, antiprotease, and peroxidase activities). However, As exposed fish group fed with diets containing 2 % or 4 % <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf extract, the histological alterations were reduced, level of liver enzymes, cortisol, upregulation of anti-oxidant enzyme, relative expression of cytochrome P450 gene and skin mucosal immune responses were normalized, with (4 %) <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf extract supplemented diet showing more prominent effects. These results suggest the protective and therapeutic roles of <em>M. oleifera</em> as a feed supplement in <em>L</em>. <em>rohita</em> against As induced toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 110237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}