Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Gut-protective effects of dietary niacin in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed a high-lipid diet: modulation of mucosal immune response, barrier function, and gut microbiota","authors":"Xiaoyuan Ge ,&nbsp;Jintao Pan ,&nbsp;Junming Deng ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the protective effects of dietary niacin on the intestinal health of juvenile turbot fed a high-lipid diet (HLD). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including a HLD without niacin addition (HL0) and a HLD supplemented with 80 mg/kg niacin (HL80). Turbot (approximately 13.2 g) were fed two experimental diets for 10 weeks, with each diet assigned to triplicate tanks. Results showed that niacin significantly improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of turbot. Dietary niacin significantly down-regulated the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), along with their associated signaling components, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (<em>MyD88</em>), interferon regulatory factor-7 (<em>IRF-7</em>), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (<em>p38MAPK</em>), and activator protein-1 (<em>AP-1</em>). This reduction also extended to key molecules in the downstream nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, such as <em>NF-κB</em>, IκB kinase β (<em>IKKβ</em>), and IκB kinase γ (<em>IKKγ</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, niacin supplementation in HLD markedly decreased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the signaling molecule myosin light chain kinase (<em>MLCK</em>), while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, antibacterial peptides, and barrier-enhancing proteins (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, HLD-induced intestinal oxidative stress was mitigated by niacin supplementation, as demonstrated by the significant upregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (<em>Nrf2)</em>, glutathione peroxidase (<em>GPx</em>), glutathione reductase (<em>GR</em>), superoxide dismutase (<em>SOD</em>), and heme oxygenase-1 (<em>HO-1</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the HL0 group, dietary niacin significantly increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (<em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Faecalibacterium</em>, <em>Roseburia</em>, etc.) and lactic acid bacteria (<em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Lactococcus</em>, etc.). In conclusion, these results indicated that dietary niacin could enhance intestinal mucosal immunity, physical barrier function, and antioxidant capacity through coordinated regulation of TLR-MyD88-NF-κB, MLCK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Combined with microbial community optimization, this collectively alleviates the negative effects of high-lipid diets on the intestinal health of turbot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of dietary astaxanthin on the intestinal microbiota and metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to Decapod iridescent virus 1 in Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Cui Liu ,&nbsp;Qiusheng Jing ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Qincheng Huang ,&nbsp;Yukun Jie ,&nbsp;Yutong Zheng ,&nbsp;Tiantian Ye ,&nbsp;Junjun Yan ,&nbsp;Zhimin Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The appearance and cross-border dissemination of numerous pathogenic microorganisms have substantially hindered the sustainable growth of the prawn's farming industry. Nutritional regulation is considered a key strategy for improving disease resistance in aquatic animals.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and metabolites, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and resistance to decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) in <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin at doses of 0, 100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg was administered to prawns for 8 weeks, followed by a DIV1 challenge test. The effects were evaluated by analyzing the cumulative survival rate, intestinal microbiota and metabolites, plasma antioxidant indices, hepatopancreatic histology, and the expression levels of immune-related genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The levels of astaxanthin were significantly increased in the intestine and hepatopancreas (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em> decreased and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan level significantly increased in dietary astaxanthin groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Following the DIV1 challenge test, the cumulative survival rate was significantly increased in 500 mg/kg dietary astaxanthin group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Plasma SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in dietary astaxanthin groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Plasma MDA levels and apoptosis rate in hepatopancreas were significantly reduced in dietary astaxanthin groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The relative expression levels of <em>toll</em>, <em>myd88</em>, and <em>irf4</em> genes were significantly increased in astaxanthin supplemented groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Dietary astaxanthin did not significantly affect the growth performance of prawns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Dietary astaxanthin has the potential to improve intestinal microbiota and metabolites, enhance antioxidant capacity, and strengthen MyD88-dependent Toll-signaling pathways for defense against DIV1. Overall, 500 mg/kg dietary astaxanthin was recommended to achieve the optimal health benefits for <em>M. rosenbergii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six novel subtypes of haemocyte defined in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Miren Dong ,&nbsp;Weilin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primitive innate immune cells (termed haemocytes) initially evolved in molluscs, which are analogous to vertebrate leukocytes, displaying significant morphological and functional heterogeneity. Elucidating the diversity morphology and functions of haemocytes is crucial to understanding the ancient immune system. In the present study, six novel haemocyte subtypes, including pro-haemocytes, larger agranulocytes, secretory haemocytes, amoeba phagocytes, macrophages and dendritic (DC)-like haemocytes were identified by their specific morphological and functional characteristics in oyster circulating haemolymph. Pro-haemocytes, characterized by their minuscule size and high proliferation, were identified as haemocyte precursors to be essential for ensuring the appropriate number and ratio of haemocytes. Amoeba phagocytes were designated for their stronger migration activity, continuous morphological changes, and capability to engulf cell debris or apoptotic cells. The phagocytic index of amoeba phagocytes, macrophages and granulocytes was assessed to evaluate their phagocytic capabilities, which were seven, two and ten, respectively, indicating that granulocytes exhibited the strongest phagocytic ability. DC-like haemocytes were identified based on their specific dendritic pseudopodia and potential role in antigen processing. The results enhanced our cognizing of the complexity of primitive immune cells in molluscs and offered insights into the evolution of the innate immune system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arctoscopus japonicus lipids inhibit anti-inflammatory efficacy via eicosanoid synthesis pathways in activated macrophages","authors":"Weerawan Rod-in ,&nbsp;Natchanok Talapphet ,&nbsp;Seok Kyu Jung ,&nbsp;Woo Jung Park","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most effective lipid mediators in inflammation are eicosanoids, which involve numerous enzymes such as cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP). <em>Arctoscopus japonicus</em> lipids (AJL) have been shown to inhibit inflammation, but their effects on cellular mechanisms via lipid mediators remain unclear. In this study, we examined the eicosanoid synthesis pathways for the anti-inflammatory effects of AJL in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AJL significantly reduced LPS-activated macrophages the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the expression of <em>interferon-γ</em> (<em>IFN-γ</em>) and <em>IL-12</em>. It also increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines <em>transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)</em> and <em>IL-10</em>. AJL inhibited LPS-activated COX, LOX, and CYP metabolites from producing thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂), prostaglandins (PG) H₂, PGI₂, PGE₂, and PGF_2α, leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), as well as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Furthermore, AJL decreased LPS-induced the expression of both of COXs (COX-1 and COX-2) and 5-LOX mRNAs and proteins in the COX and LOX pathways, respectively. AJL also suppressed the expression of CYP4A11 proteins in the CYP pathway. Furthermore, CD86 expression was down regulated by AJL in LPS-stimulated cells. These findings conclusively reveal that AJL modulates eicosanoid synthesis pathways, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature stress impairs the intestinal functional homeostasis of Litopenaeus vannamei by altering mucosal integrity, immune signaling, and microbial community","authors":"Yafei Duan ,&nbsp;Jianhua Huang ,&nbsp;Yun Wang ,&nbsp;Yukai Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature (HT) is a critical influencing factor in shrimp aquaculture and serves as a key trigger for frequent disease outbreaks in shrimp. As a core organ for digestion, absorption and immune defense, the intestine's functional homeostasis is the key foundation for shrimp health. Therefore, in this study, the shrimp <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> were continuously exposed to HT stress at 33 °C for 7 days, after which the changes in intestinal functional homeostasis were investigated based on the mucosal integrity, immune signaling, and microbial community. The results showed that HT stress caused intestinal epithelial detachment and mucosal damage, as well as the disruption of the mucus barrier, including the upregulation of <em>MUC2</em>, <em>MUC3A</em> and <em>MUC3B</em> genes and the downregulation of <em>MUC1</em> and <em>MUC4</em> genes. Additionally, oxidative stress-related genes, such as the expressions of <em>ROMO1</em>, <em>Nrf2</em>, <em>GPx</em> and <em>HO1</em> were upregulated, while the expression of <em>SOD</em> was downregulated; antimicrobial genes, such as the expressions of <em>Crus</em> and <em>proPO</em> were upregulated, whereas the expressions of <em>ALF</em>, <em>Pen3</em> and <em>Lys</em> were downregulated; inflammatory genes (<em>JNK</em> and <em>NF-κB</em>) and autophagy genes (<em>Atg3</em>, <em>Atg12</em>, <em>Beclin1</em> and <em>Hsc70</em>) expression were all upregulated. In terms of intestinal microbiota, microbial diversity showed no significant changes, but the abundance of community composition was perturbed, particularly the homeostasis of putative harmful bacteria (<em>Vibrio</em> and <em>Photobacterium</em>) and beneficial bacteria (<em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and <em>Lactococcus</em>). Additionally, the phosphotransferase system (PTS) function of the intestinal microbiota was enhanced, while the functions such as N-glycan biosynthesis and glycosaminoglycan degradation were weakened. These results demonstrated that HT stress disrupted intestinal functional homeostasis by inducing mucosal damage, disrupting the mucus barrier and immune responses, activating oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy signaling, and reshaping the microbial community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RhoA, a small GTPase, inhibits bacterial infection through regulated phagocytosis in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Yuxi Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu He ,&nbsp;Chaohui Xu ,&nbsp;Rongpin Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Shen ,&nbsp;Weiwei Li ,&nbsp;Qun Wang ,&nbsp;Youting Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small GTPase RhoA is a pivotal regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics and phagocytosis in mammalian phagocytes, yet its functional role in crustacean immunity remains poorly characterized. In this study, we identified and characterized RhoA from <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> (designated <em>Es</em>RhoA), demonstrating its essential role in hemocyte phagocytosis and antibacterial defense. The <em>EsRhoA</em> gene encodes a 257-amino-acid protein containing a conserved RHO domain and displays over 90 % sequence similarity to orthologs in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Transcriptional analysis revealed widespread expression of <em>EsRhoA</em> across various tissues, with a significant upregulation observed in hemocytes following infection with <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of <em>EsRhoA</em> in hemocytes led to decreased expression of phagocytosis-related effectors <em>ROCK2</em> and <em>Arp2/3</em>, resulting in a 62 % reduction in bacterial phagocytosis as measured by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed that <em>Es</em>RhoA protein translocates to the hemocyte membrane during pathogen-induced phagocytosis, suggesting a mechanistic similarity to integrin-mediated internalization in mammalian cells. Importantly, <em>in vivo</em> knockdown of <em>EsRhoA</em> significantly increased bacterial loads in hemolymph and reduced crab survival after infection. Collectively, these findings establish <em>Es</em>RhoA as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of hemocyte phagocytosis that provides critical protection against bacterial pathogens in crustaceans, offering novel insights into the evolution of immune cell phagocytosis mechanisms and potential applications in crustacean aquaculture disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of heat shock protein gene family and their response to chronic heat stress in skeletal muscle of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Qing Ma ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Gao ,&nbsp;Ruiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Yan He ,&nbsp;Jingjie Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functioning as molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are rapidly upregulated under stress conditions, safeguarding cells against damage induced by heat, mechanical injury, and chemical agents. Despite their critical physiological roles, a comprehensive genome-wide characterization of HSP genes has been lacking for <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em>, a commercially important coastal benthic fish. In this study, we systematically identified the HSP gene family and analyzed its expression profiles. A total of 103 HSP genes were identified within the <em>S. schlegelii</em> genome. Phylogenetic analysis (interspecific and intraspecific analyses), coupled with conserved motif and domain characterization, classified these HSPs into six subfamilies: Hsp20 (Hspb), Hsp40 (Dnaja/Dnajb/Dnajc), Hsp60 (Hspd1/Cct/Bbs), Hsp70 (Hspa), Hsp90, and Hsp100 (Clp). Motif and domain analyses revealed significantly higher sequence conservation within the Hsp70 and Hsp90 subfamilies compared to other HSP groups. Chromosomal mapping indicated that HSP genes are distributed across all 24 chromosomes of <em>S. schlegelii</em>, albeit with varying densities. Gene duplication analysis identified 6 whole-genome/segmental duplication events and 3 tandem duplication pairs within the HSP family. The observed <em>Ka</em>/<em>Ks</em> ratios (&lt;1) provide evidence for purifying selection acting on these sequences. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis predicted that Hsp70 subfamily members potentially receive regulatory inputs from other subfamilies, while Hsp40 members primarily functioned as co-chaperones. Notably, Hsp genes are ubiquitously expressed across the ten adult tissues, with the majority of family members (70.87 %) exhibiting the highest expression in the brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting coordinated functions in fundamental cellular processes. Following one month of chronic heat exposure (27 °C), <em>S. schlegelii</em> significantly upregulated 16 chaperone genes, indicating transcriptome-level thermal adaptation. This study provides the first systematic characterization of the HSP gene family in <em>S. schlegelii</em>, establishing a foundation for future functional investigations and identifying potential genetic targets for breeding thermotolerant aquaculture strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) Hsp90ab1","authors":"Ronggui Dai,&nbsp;Mengyang Wang,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Mingxi Huang,&nbsp;Ju Deng,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Tiansheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can infect many species of fish and has caused severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Recently, there is a wealth of research indicating that heat shock protein 90ab1 (Hsp90ab1) is a receptor for red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), however the potential function has not been examined so far. In this study, medaka (<em>Oryzias latipes</em>) <em>hsp90ab1</em> gene (<em>OlHsp90ab1</em>) was identified, which contained 13 exons with a genome length of 5191 bp and coding sequences of 2175 bp. OlHsp90ab1 had 724 amino acids, containing three regions including low complexity regions, histidine kinase-like ATPases region and coiled coil regions. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that OlHsp90ab1 clustered closely with homolog in <em>Fundulus heteroclitus</em>. Moreover, the transcript of <em>hsp90ab1</em> was constitutively expressed in all adult tissues. Following RGNNV infection in medaka, the relative expression of <em>hsp90ab1</em> increased in the eye and heart, while decreased in the spleen, brain, gill, liver, and kidney. Overexpression of <em>OlHsp90ab1</em> in GE cells significantly increased viral gene transcription. Meanwhile, medaka mutants named OlHsp90ab1△5 and OlHsp90ab1△17a were established using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Unexpectedly, homozygous mutants (Hsp90ab1^−/−) died 2 weeks post-hatching. Moreover, heterozygote mutants (Hsp90ab1^+/−) and wild type (WT) medakas were infected with RGNNV. However, the expression of RGNNV <em>RNA2</em> gene in different tissues of Hsp90ab1^+/− showed no significant difference compared to WT medaka after RGNNV infection within one week. Taken together, medaka Hsp90ab1 plays a crucial role in the organism's growth and development, and involves in the immune response process while it is not a suitable candidate to generate the anti-RGNNV strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plesiomonas shigelloides infection induced ferroptosis and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of zig-zag eel (Mastacembelus armatus)","authors":"Zhide Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Yin ,&nbsp;Wenshi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yiman Chen ,&nbsp;Li'nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hu Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The zig-zag eel (<em>Mastacembelus armatus</em>) is a commercially important fish species in southern China, yet its susceptibility to <em>Plesiomonas shigelloides</em> (<em>P. shigelloides</em>) infection remains poorly understood. In this study, 100 μL of YY001 (1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL) was used to intraperitoneally infect the zig-zag eel, and its effect on the hepatopancreas of the <em>M. armatus</em> was observed. The histopathology analysis of hepatopancreas revealed hemorrhage, tissue loosening, enlarged intercellular spaces, and increased cellular vacuolation. Transcriptomic profiling identified 5508 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with significant enrichment in immune and metabolic pathways, especially in ferroptosis and apoptosis pathways, and these genes were upregulated in the infection group. Subsequently, we confirmed these findings through biochemical assays, TUNEL staining and qPCR. The results showed that GPX activity in hepatopancreas of <em>M. armatus</em> was significantly decreased, and iron ion (Fe) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased after infection. Furthermore, the results of <em>gpx4</em> and <em>scl7a11</em> genes expression in hepatopancreas of the <em>M. armatus</em> was significantly downregulated after infection, while the expression of ferroptosis marker genes lpcat3 and ncoa4 was significantly up-regulated. These results indicate that ferroptosis occurred in the hepatopancreas cells of the <em>M. armatus</em> after infection with <em>P. shigelloides</em>. The results of TUNEL staining showed that after infection with <em>P. shigelloides</em>, apoptosis occurred in the hepatopancreatic cells of the zig-zag eel, and the expressions of the apoptosis genes <em>casp3</em>, <em>casp8</em>, and <em>bax</em> genes were significantly upregulated, while the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor gene <em>bcl2</em> was significantly downregulated. These results all indicate that <em>P. shigelloides</em> infection can cause ferroptosis and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of the zig-zag eel, leading to hepatopancreatic lesions. Our study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of fish diseases caused by <em>P. shigelloides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Rhinogobio ventralis skin to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection: pathological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses","authors":"Qiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Shilin Li ,&nbsp;Siya Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuemei Li ,&nbsp;Hanchang Sun ,&nbsp;Xingbing Wu ,&nbsp;Zhijian Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhinogobio ventralis</em> is a typical endemic fish and an important economic species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, it is highly susceptible to <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em> (Ich) during artificial breeding, resulting in elevated mortality rates following infection. In this study, we established an infection model using Ich to investigate its effects on the skin of <em>R. ventralis</em>. Pathological changes on the skin were examined through tissue sections and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed a significant increase in mucus cells, club cells and epidermal thickness, the abnormal desmosome junction between epithelial cells, mucous cells pyknosis shrinkage along with morphological and structural abnormalities in their organelles within the skin after infection. We employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to characterize key genes, metabolites, and signaling pathways in the skin following Ich infection. A total of 84,016 unigenes and 1075 metabolites were obtained from skin tissues. Respectively, 388 DEGs and 135 differentially expressed metabolites, 233 DEGs and 72 differentially expressed metabolites were obtained at 7 dpi and 14 dpi, respectively. In response to Ich infection, the host modifies the ribosome pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway, antigen processing and presentation pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which suggests both disruption and activation of the immune system, alongside disruptions in metabolic processes among infected <em>R. ventralis</em>. Our results shed light on the immune strategies employed by <em>R. ventralis</em> in response to Ich infections, thereby providing a valuable dataset for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying resistance regulation in <em>R. ventralis</em> against such infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}