Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"The impact of crowding stress on growth and intestinal integrity in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Insights into ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis","authors":"Dadong Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Gan ,&nbsp;Xianghong Dong ,&nbsp;Huaimao Tie ,&nbsp;Chao Luo ,&nbsp;Zhenlu Wang ,&nbsp;Haibo Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Miao An ,&nbsp;Chuanjie Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crowding stress is a common abiotic stressor in intensive aquaculture that negatively impacts fish species, leading to growth depression. This study primarily explored the effects of crowding stress on the growth and intestinal integrity of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted with two groups: a control group (0.55 kg/m³) and a crowding stress group (1.10 kg/m³). The results showed that crowding stress significantly impaired fish growth and compromised intestinal integrity. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of crowding stress on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings revealed an increased proportion of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and ER swelling in the intestines of stressed fish, along with a higher number of autophagosomes. Furthermore, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of genes related to ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, including <em>GRP78</em>, <em>eIF2α</em>, <em>IRE1</em>, <em>atg3, LC3-2, ulk1α, P62,</em> and <em>caspase-8</em>. In conclusion, crowding stress negatively affects fish growth and intestinal integrity, potentially through the induction of apoptosis and autophagy associated with ER stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). These findings provided critical insights into how intensive aquaculture disrupts intestinal integrity and inhibits growth in fish, offering a valuable reference for future research aimed at enhancing stress resistance in fish under intensive aquaculture conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akt inhibitors prevent CyHV-2 infection in vitro","authors":"Yu Song ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Simin Xiao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Liqun Lu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects goldfish (<em>Carassius auratus</em>) and crucian carp (<em>C. carassius</em>), resulting in substantial mortality rates and significant epidemiological implications. To gain deeper insights into CyHV-2-host interactions and identify potential therapeutic targets, quantitative proteomics analysis was conducted on CyHV-2-infected Ryukin goldfish fin (RyuF-2) cells. Our findings revealed significant alterations in the expression of proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which were up-regulated upon viral infection. Building on these observations, we employed LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, to investigate its impact on viral replication by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in GiCF cell line derived from the caudal fin of <em>Carassius auratus gibelio</em> (Bloch). Our results demonstrated the inhibition of both CyHV-2 replication and Akt phosphorylation within this pathway. Quercetin, a plant-derived analogue of LY294002, was further investigated for its anti-CyHV-2 effects in vitro as well as its underlying mechanism. The results suggested that quercetin exhibits antiviral properties against CyHV-2 and may exert its effects through mechanisms similar to those observed with LY294002. Given that aquaculture water serves as a vector for aquaculture viral diseases and the release of chemical compounds can lead to pollution of the aquatic environment, our study shifted focus to crude extracts obtained from plants. We confirmed crude quercetin extract derived from <em>Cuminum anisum</em> has antiviral activity against CyHV-2 in vitro. Therefore, based on our identification of the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CyHV-2 replication, along with verification of its antiviral mechanism using LY294002, we propose natural dietary quercetin as a promising candidate for development into a novel anti-CyHV-2 drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine vision-assisted genomic prediction and genome-wide association of spleen-related traits in large yellow croaker infected with visceral white-nodules disease","authors":"Yulin Bai ,&nbsp;Miaosheng Feng ,&nbsp;Ji Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaying Wang ,&nbsp;Qiaozhen Ke ,&nbsp;Zhou Jiang ,&nbsp;Pengxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Sijing Chen ,&nbsp;Longyu Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Tingsen Jiang ,&nbsp;Yichen Li ,&nbsp;Guopeng Tian ,&nbsp;Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-resolution and high-throughput genotype-to-phenotype studies in fish are rapidly advancing, driven by innovative technologies that aim to address the challenges of modern breeding models. In recent years, machine vision and deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have achieved significant success in image recognition and segmentation. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative analysis of disease resistance has always been a crucial field of research in genetics. This motivation has led us to investigate the potential of large yellow croaker visceral white-nodules disease (VWND) in encoding information on disease resistance for the task of accession classification. In this study, we proposed an image segmentation framework for the feature extraction of the spleen after VWND infection based on machine vision. We utilized deep CNNs and threshold segmentation for automatic feature learning and object segmentation. This approach eliminates subjectivity and enhances work efficiency compared to using hand-crafted features. Additionally, we employed spleen-related traits to conduct genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), which led to the identification of 24 significant SNPs and 10 major quantitative trait loci. The results of function enrichment analysis on candidate genes also indicated potential relationships with immune regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, we explored the use of genomic selection (GS) technology for phenotype prediction of extreme individuals, which further supports the predictability of spleen-related phenotypes for VWND resistance in large yellow croakers. Our findings demonstrate that artificial intelligence (AI)-based phenotyping approaches can deliver state-of-the-art performance for genetics research. We hope this work will provide a paradigm for applying deep learning and machine vision to phenotyping in aquaculture species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant anthocyanin synergistic immune enhancer nanopeptide C-I20 remarkably enhances the protective effect of largemouth bass against largemouth bass ranavirus","authors":"Xingchen Huo ,&nbsp;Fengxia Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunrong Yang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Su","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) infection results in huge economic losses in largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) industry. Nanopeptide C-I20 and anthocyanins have a positive effect on promoting immune responses and antioxidant mechanisms in several aquatic organisms, and are therefore used to inhibit LMBV infection. In this study, we developed an LMBV immersion challenge model using three different viral concentrations (1 × 10⁴ copies/mL, 1 × 10⁵ copies/mL, and 1 × 10⁶ copies/mL) to infect largemouth bass, and LMBV-MCP mRNA expression was detected in infected fish. Following infection, the fish exhibited severe external ulceration, redness swelling, and darkening of the skin. Histopathological examination revealed significant necrosis and inflammation in muscle tissue, epithelial cell shedding in renal tubules, macrophage aggregation centers and cellular vacuolization in spleen and head kidney, and cellular hypertrophy in liver. To mitigate LMBV infection, we explored the protective effects of a combined treatment strategy involving C-I20 and anthocyanin. Overall, the combination of anthocyanin and C-I20 demonstrated the highest protective efficacy, significantly reducing viral loads in muscle, liver, spleen, and head kidney. Moreover, this treatment regimen enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (T-AOC, TSOD, GSH-Px, CAT) and modulated important immune genes (IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, Mx, and IgM) expression. In conclusion, the synergistic application of anthocyanin and C-I20 demonstrates significant efficacy in mitigating LMBV infection. This research introduces a novel and promising approach to managing infectious diseases in aquaculture settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the proteomic landscape and anti-inflammatory role of Streptococcus parauberis extracellular vesicles","authors":"E.H.T. Thulshan Jayathilaka ,&nbsp;Mawallage Kankanamge Hasitha Madhawa Dias ,&nbsp;M.S.B.W.T.M. Nipuna Sudaraka Tennakoon ,&nbsp;Oh Chulhong ,&nbsp;Chamilani Nikapitiya ,&nbsp;Hyun-Jin Shin ,&nbsp;Mahanama De Zoysa","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoscale membrane-bound structures involved in intercellular communication and transport of bioactive molecules. In this study, we described the proteomic insight and anti-inflammatory activity of <em>Streptococcus parauberis</em> BEVs (<em>Sp</em>EVs). Proteomics analysis of <em>Sp</em>EVs identified 6209 distinct peptides and 1039 proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated enrichment in pathways related to the biosynthesis of aminoacyl tRNA, amino acids, and secondary metabolites. Based on the predicted protein-protein interactions, we discovered key immunological proteins such as IL12A, IL12B, IL8, CD28, and NF-κB between <em>Sp</em>EVs and human proteins. Functionally, <em>Sp</em>EVs exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells by reducing the production of key inflammatory mediators. These include nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL6, as well as inflammation-related proteins like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). qRT-PCR and immunoblotting results clearly indicate that <em>Sp</em>EVs modulate the NF-κB and MAPK pathways to induce anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> experiments with zebrafish larvae demonstrated that <em>Sp</em>EVs treatment reduced the NO and ROS production with minimal cell mortality. Finally, we validated the anti-inflammatory activity of <em>Sp</em>EVs <em>in vivo</em> by systematically assessing the inhibition of NO production, reduction in ROS generation, prevention of cell death, and modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, <em>Sp</em>EVs contain rich in unique proteins that play crucial roles in mediating anti-inflammatory effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of temperature and β-1,3-glucans on the occurrence of white spot syndrome virus and white spot disease in post-larvae of Penaeus vannamei shrimp","authors":"Alejandra Valladares ,&nbsp;Cristóbal Domínguez-Borbor ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Echeverria ,&nbsp;Fanny Panchana ,&nbsp;Irma Betancourt ,&nbsp;Stanislaus Sonnenholzner ,&nbsp;Bonny Bayot ,&nbsp;Jenny Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penaeus vannamei</em> is the main species of shrimp farmed worldwide, and for Ecuador it is the first non-oil economic sector. However, various pathogens, including white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), threaten the sustainability of shrimp farming. <em>P. vannamei</em> larvae are susceptible to WSSV infection via vertical or horizontal transmission. To decrease the incidence of WSSV in PLs, a bioassay was performed by exposing <em>P. vannamei</em> shrimp (PL25), which were negative for WSSV and white spot disease (WSD), to two protective factors, water temperature (T = 24 °C and T = 31 °C), and immunestimulation using β-1,3-glucans (BG) (with and without BG added to the food), using a crossed two-factor design, for 20 days. The incidence of WSSV and WSD was modeled using generalized linear model (GLM). The strength of the association between the response and explanatory variables was estimated using the odds ratio [Exp (Beta)] and interpreted as the level of risk for the incidence of WSSV or WSD in one of the categories compared to the baseline category in the GLM. Odds ratios were considered significant if their 95 % confidence interval did not include the value 1. The results showed that BG had a significant negative effect on the number of WSSV-positive animals. In addition, a lower probability of WSSV infection was determined by combining 31 °C and BG. In this treatment, the WSD injuries were almost undetectable. Most larvae shrimps affected by WSD exhibited injuries to the antennal gland and connective tissue. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that 29 % of shrimp, initially negative by histology, were positive for WSSV. The virus was detected mainly in the nervous tissue of the head, epithelium, connective tissue of the head appendages, and the oral region surrounding the integumental glands. Apoptosis analysis showed a weak signal in nerve tissue but was more intense in epithelial cells of the head appendages, in association with cuticular damage. According to the findings, WSSV could disseminate among shrimp populations by infecting them through the TG and epithelium of the head appendage, followed by connective tissue and nervous tissue. However, applying BG at 31 °C may serve as a protective measure to reduce WSD injuries and restrict WSSV dissemination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Chenchen Shi ,&nbsp;Ta-Hui Lin ,&nbsp;Chen Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> (Chinese mitten crab) is one of the main economic species in China, which has evolved an extremely sophisticated innate immune system to fend off disease invasions. However, bacterial and viral infections have caused significant financial losses for the <em>E. sinensis</em> aquaculture in recent years. Making well-informed judgments for the control microbial infections would require a thorough understanding and clarification of the intricate innate immune system of <em>E. sinensis</em>. Innate immunity is essential for the host's defense against invasive pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initially recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger an innate immune response, causing the generation of inflammatory cytokine and promoting the clearance and control of pathogens. In <em>E. sinensis</em>, Toll/Toll-like receptors, lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding proteins, C-type lectins, galactoside-binding lectins, L-type lectins, scavenger receptors, and down syndrome cell adhesion molecules have been identified to be PRRs that are involved in the recognition of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding PRRs' roles in the immunological defenses of <em>E. sinensis</em>, with the aim of providing clues to the mechanisms of innate immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgal astaxanthin ameliorates cypermethrin-induced necroptosis and inflammation via targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and the ROS-NF-κB-RIPK3/MLKL axis in carp hepatocytes (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Shuoyue Li ,&nbsp;Yinuo Liu ,&nbsp;Di Li ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zequn Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingzeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cypermethrin is a toxic pesticide that has infiltrated water bodies due to its widespread use. This contamination has led to detrimental effects on the immune organs of aquatic species, including fish. The natural fat-soluble orange-red carotenoid, astaxanthin (MAT), derived from microalgae, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. To elucidate the mechanism of CY induced damage to carp liver cells and assess the potential protective effects of MAT, we established a carp hepatocyte model exposed to CY and/or MAT. Hepatocytes from carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) were treated with either 8 μM CY or 60 μM MAT for 24 h. Upon exposure CY, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed alongside a diminution in the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), suggesting an impairment of cellular antioxidant capacity. Subsequently, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that hepatocytes exposed to CY exhibited a higher incidence of necroptosis, associated with an elevated mitochondrial Ca²⁺ concentration, which contributed to cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, exposure to CY also activated the ROS-NF-κB-RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway, increasing the levels of necroptosis-related regulatory factors (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL) in hepatocytes and the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α), which led to immune dysfunction in hepatocytes. The immunotoxic effects induced by CY were mitigated by MAT treatment, suggesting its potential in alleviating the aforementioned changes caused by CY. Overall, the data suggested that MAT therapy could enhance hepatocyte defenses against CY-induced necroptosis and inflammatory responses by regulating mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis and inhibiting the ROS-NF-κB-RIPK3/MLKL signaling cascade. This study elucidated the potential benefits of employing MAT to protect farmed fish from agrobiological hazards during CY exposure, underscoring the practical applications of MAT in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Tenacibaculum maritimum as a potential vaccine against fish tenacibaculosis","authors":"M. Pilar Escribano,&nbsp;Miguel Balado,&nbsp;Beatriz Santos,&nbsp;Alicia E. Toranzo,&nbsp;Manuel L. Lemos,&nbsp;Beatriz Magariños","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been gained increasing attention in vaccinology due to their ability to induce strong protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The Gram-negative bacterium <em>Tenacibaculum maritimum</em>, the causative agent of marine tenacibaculosis, poses a significant challenge to the global aquaculture industry due to its difficult prophylaxis. In previous studies, we demonstrated that OMV production is a key virulence mechanism in <em>T. maritimum</em>. Building on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a natural, encapsulated multi-antigen vaccine made from adjuvant-free, crude <em>T. maritimum</em> OMVs (Tm-OMVs). A vaccination experiment using SP9.1-OMVs was conducted in juvenile turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em> L.), followed by a <em>T. maritimum</em> bath challenge. Immune responses in the turbot were assessed by measuring anti-Tm antibody levels and analyzing the expression of eight key immune-related genes (il-1β, il-8, il-22, pcna, c3, cd4-1, ifng2, cd8α). The results showed that immunization with SP9.1-OMVs provided significant protection against <em>T. maritimum</em> infection (RPS = 70 %). Vaccinated fish exhibited a dose-dependent increase in anti-Tm antibody titers in blood plasma, along with rapid induction of both innate (il-1β, il-8, il-22, c3) and adaptive (cd4-1, ifng2, cd8α) immune genes as early as 4 h post-bath challenge. These findings offer new insights into the early immune response of turbot following <em>T. maritimum</em> infection and could serve as a foundation for developing novel OMV-based vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a DNA vaccine with self-designed CpG sequences against J genotype IHNV infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Kaixing Wu ,&nbsp;Yuhong Ren ,&nbsp;Qin Liu ,&nbsp;Endong Bao ,&nbsp;Shuai Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainbow trout suffer from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) outbreaks, which lead to massive mortality and huge economic loss worldwide. The approved commercial vaccine is used for the prevention of IHN in Canada. Given that Chinese domestic J-genotype isolates are different from North American IHNV isolates, the development of an effective DNA vaccine against Chinese J-genotype isolates is urgent. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein based on our previously isolated IHNV GS21 strain and self-designed CpG sequences were supplemented as molecular adjuvants. The vaccinated rainbow trout were significantly protected against IHNV with approximately a relative percent survival (RPS) of 94.74 % compared to the unvaccinated group. Moreover, the specific antibody of IgM and neutralizing antibody (NAb) was significantly provoked after the vaccination. Particularly, the antiviral immune response was rapidly evoked in the early stage of vaccination including the up-regulation of <em>Mx-1</em>, <em>IFN-Ⅰ,</em> and <em>IFN-γ</em>. The IHNV load in vaccinated fish was apparently lower than that in the unvaccinated group. Furthermore, the integration of exogenous genes into the host chromosome and the spread of antimicrobial-resistant genes were not found. These results suggested that our vaccine enhances robust immune responses and evokes considerable protection against IHNV with limited genetically modified risk, which is an effective and promising vaccine candidate for further prevention of IHNV outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}