Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular cloning, expression, and functional analysis of cystatin B from silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) under Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge","authors":"Yadong Xue ,&nbsp;Dianyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhennan Sun ,&nbsp;Xiumei Liu ,&nbsp;Yajun Wang ,&nbsp;Suming Zhou ,&nbsp;Xubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystatin B is an intracellular inhibitor that regulates the activity of cysteine proteases. In this study, the coding sequence of silver pomfret <em>cystatin B</em> was successfully cloned and identified, which was 297 bp in length, predicted to encode 98 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 11.12 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that PaCystatin B (<em>Pampus argenteus</em> Cystatin B) exhibited a high degree of conservation with Cystatin B orthologs from other fish species, maintaining characteristic motifs essential for cysteine protease inhibition, such as the conserved QXVXG motif. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that <em>Pacystatin B</em> was highly expressed in the gills and head kidney, with relatively lower expression levels observed in the liver. Additionally, following <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> challenge, the expression levels of <em>Pacystatin B</em> were significantly upregulated in the trunk kidney and liver, contrasted with marked downregulation in the gills, reflecting the distinct response strategies of different tissues in silver pomfret against pathogenic infection. Functional characterization demonstrated that the recombinant PaCystatin B (rPaCystatin B) not only exhibited pronounced inhibitory activity against cysteine proteases but also showed significant antibacterial effects against several pathogenic bacteria, including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>, and <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em>. Notably, the antibacterial efficacy of PaCystatin B remained stable even after short-term exposure to high temperatures. In conclusion, these findings suggested that <em>Pacystatin B</em> might play a critical role in the immune response of silver pomfret against pathogen invasion, thereby providing new insights into the immunological mechanisms of cystatins in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mini-review on cathelicidin in fish: Gene expression, immune function, and evolutionary insights.","authors":"Meihua Zhu, Yan Yang, Bei Huang, Wenshu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cathelicidins are a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides that play a critical role in innate immune defense. Similar to other antibacterial peptides, cathelicidins can kill pathogens while significantly reducing the risk of inducing antimicrobial resistance, a growing concern in the aquaculture industry. Although cathelicidins are widely distributed across vertebrates, from basal vertebrate species such as hagfish and lampreys to mammals, the number of identified cathelicidin sequences in fish remains relatively limited. This review aims to comprehensively summarize current knowledge on teleost cathelicidins, including their expression patterns, antimicrobial properties, and immunomodulatory functions, while also highlighting prospects for future research. Additionally, we conducted a genomic analysis to examine the species distribution and evolutionary history of cathelicidin in fish. Our findings reveal conserved synteny of cathelicidin loci in both cartilaginous and bony fishes, along with lineage-specific expansions and chromosomal rearrangements that may have contributed to gene loss. Overall, this study offers a valuable reference for advancing our understanding of cathelicidins in teleosts, and serves as a foundation for future research into their evolutionary history, biological functions, and potential applications in fish health management and aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dihydromyricetin switches pyroptosis to apoptosis during Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Mylopharyngodon piceus","authors":"Jingjing Xu ,&nbsp;Can Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Xiang ,&nbsp;Rui Song ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Ou ,&nbsp;Ruozhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ampelopsis grossedentata</em> is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat fever, anti-inflammatory and parasitic infections. Dihydromyricetin is one of the flavonoids with high content, which has been proved to have certain antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its antibacterial mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the mechanisms by which <em>A</em>. <em>grossedentata</em> extract and dihydromyricetin promote the organism's defence against <em>A. hydrophila</em> were investigated. The results showed that both <em>A</em>. <em>grossedentata</em> grape extract and dihydromyricetin (DMY) promoted the expression of IL1β in MPK cells. <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection resulted in a significant increase in the expression of caspase1, IL1β, and GSDME, and a significant enhancement of IL1β and LDH release, which were slowed down by DMY. Differently, on the basis of the up-regulation of <em>A. hydrophila</em>, DMY treatment further enhanced the expression of caspase3 and BAX and the activity of caspase3 resulting in stronger apoptosis. And at the same time, the titer of <em>A. hydrophila</em> was decreased by DMY treatment. In black carp (<em>Mylopharyngodon piceus</em>), injections of <em>A</em>. <em>grossedentata</em> extract and DMY also significantly reduced the lethality of <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The up-regulation of the expression of genes associated with pyroptosis due to <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection in splenocytes was attenuated by dihydromyricetin treatment, whereas the expression of apoptosis-associated genes was significantly enhanced. Tissue sections showed significant damage to splenic tissue following <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection, whereas splenic damage was alleviated and its apoptosis-associated DNA breaks were enhanced by dihydromyricetin injection. DMY may regulate multiple modes of cell death in cells. Further studies revealed that TBK1 may be a molecular target of DMY because of their high structural binding potential and as well as functional synergy and relevance. Therefore, these data implied that DMY potentially regulates TBK1 to transform <em>A. hydrophila</em>-induced pyroptosis into apoptosis. This provides a theoretical basis for the application of dihydromyricetin as an antibiotic alternative and feed additive in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the chromatin-driven transcription regulatory networks response to Streptococcus agalactiae infection under low temperature in Nile tilapia","authors":"Songqian Huang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Chenyu Yan ,&nbsp;Jingting Qi ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Li ,&nbsp;Zhichao Wu ,&nbsp;Jiulin Chan ,&nbsp;Liangbiao Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperature impairs immune function in ectothermic vertebrates, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that hypothermia significantly decreases bacterial load and increases mortality in Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) following <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> infection. Integrative RNA-seq and ATAC-seq profiling of head kidney tissue revealed widespread suppression of immune gene expression under cold stress, including <em>ifrd2</em>, <em>isg15</em>, <em>cxcr1</em>, <em>ccr2</em>, <em>ccr9a</em>, and <em>socs1b</em>. Footprinting analysis of 259 transcription factor binding elements in accessible chromatin enabled the construction of a transcriptional regulatory network. Cold exposure reduced chromatin accessibility at immune-related transcription factors, including Irf1, Irf3, Irf4, and JunB, thereby dampening downstream gene activation. Irf1 emerged as a key regulator, coordinating the expression of interferon-responsive genes critical for antibacterial defense. Our findings uncover a chromatin-based mechanism of cold-induced immunosuppression in fish, highlighting Irf1-dependent regulatory control as a potential target for enhancing disease resistance under thermal stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 110464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aeromonas hydrophila effector Hcp1 triggers ferroptosis in teleost splenic macrophages via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy","authors":"Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Jingqi Ren ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ma ,&nbsp;Xinyan Wang ,&nbsp;Anying Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fish pathogenic bacterium <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> has been proved to trigger ferroptosis in grass carp splenic macrophages mainly via its secreted effectors, but the specific effectors involved remain unclear. In this study, recombinant proteins of several secretory effectors of <em>A. hydrophila</em> were prepared to detect their lipid peroxidation ability in grass carp splenic macrophages, showing that hemolysin coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1) could elevate lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the role of Hcp1 in the bacterium-induced ferroptosis was reinforced by using a hcp1-deficient strain of <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Mechanistically, Hcp1 showed great potential to induce iron overload through a dual increase in cytosolic free Fe²⁺ based on ferritin degradation by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) ubiquitination. Moreover, Hcp1 also disturbed GSH/GPX4 antioxidant system by stimulating mitochondrial ROS production to deplete the cellular GSH, which was also driven by NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, ultimately impeding lipid ROS scavenging. These multiple effects of Hcp1 underlined its prominent role in <em>A. hydrophila</em>-induced ferroptosis in teleost. Collectively, Hcp1 is a potential effector to elicit ferroptosis via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in teleost, providing a new insight into the pathogenic mechanism of <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 110459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on ameliorative effects of P-Hydroxycinnamic acid on high-fat diet-induced injury in zebrafish.","authors":"Qianyao Kuang, Delong Meng, Zhen Zhang, Xingyu Chen, Tsegay Teame, Hongwei Yang, Yalin Yang, Chao Ran, Yuanyou Li, Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>P-Hydroxycinnamic acid (PCA), a natural phenolic compound, exhibits multifaceted biological activities, including antioxidant and metabolic regulatory properties in mammals, whereas its role in fish is rarely reported. To investigate whether PCA can alleviate the negative effects caused by high-fat diets on fish liver health and disease resistance, here we used zebrafish as experimental animals. In this study, six zebrafish diets, including basal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with PCA at 500, 1000, 1500, or 2500 mg/kg and assigned as CK, HFD, PCA0.5, PCA1, PCA1.5, and PCA2.5, respectively. Following a 6-week feeding trial on zebrafish, PCA supplementation significantly attenuated hepatic triglyceride (TAG) accumulation without compromising growth performance. With increasing the level of PCA, the expression of inflammatory factors showed an upregulating trend. Serum biomarkers of liver injury (ALT, AST) were markedly reduced in PCA-treated groups, concomitant with enhanced hepatic antioxidant capacity (CAT, GR) and upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (tgf-β). Notably, PCA administration improved survival rates following a dual challenge with Aeromonas veronii HM091 and Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-1. These findings demonstrate that PCA0.5 supplementation effectively mitigates HFD-induced oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis while enhancing innate immunity in zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the adjuvant potential of NK-lysin and HMGB1-derived peptides in enhancing immune responses in Salmo salar","authors":"Crisleri Carrera ,&nbsp;Milton F. Villegas ,&nbsp;Carolina Muñoz-Flores ,&nbsp;Leonardo Ortega ,&nbsp;Santiago Salazar ,&nbsp;Ariel Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Niza Agurto ,&nbsp;Raquel Montesino ,&nbsp;Alex Romero ,&nbsp;Bastian Couso ,&nbsp;Jorge Saavedra ,&nbsp;Rafael Maura ,&nbsp;Natalie Parra ,&nbsp;Fátima Reyes ,&nbsp;Alfredo Saavedra ,&nbsp;Oliberto Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jorge R. Toledo ,&nbsp;Jannel Acosta","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of effective vaccines for aquaculture is crucial to prevent infectious diseases and improve fish health. Inactivated and subunit vaccines are commonly used in salmon farming; however, their immunogenicity is often limited, requiring adjuvants to enhance their efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the adjuvant potential of immunomodulatory peptides derived from HMGB1 (11W) and NK-lysin (NK1 and NK4) in formulations containing the VP2 antigen of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNv) in <em>Salmo salar</em>. The peptides were co-administered with the recombinant VP2 protein by intraperitoneal injection in different experimental groups, and serum samples were subsequently analyzed to determine IgM levels. Furthermore, the induction of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4/13A in tissues and leukocytes from head kidneys re-stimulated with the antigen was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that the formulations containing NK1, NK4, and 11W progressively stimulated IgM production from day 35 post-vaccination. Furthermore, these adjuvant peptides significantly induced the expression of the evaluated cytokines in the head kidney and spleen of immunized animals and in the primary culture model, suggesting the activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. These findings suggest that peptide adjuvants can enhance the immune response in salmonid vaccination, offering a promising alternative to conventional adjuvants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 110462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of exchange of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) G protein's signal peptide with piscidin signal peptide on virus replication and immunogenicity","authors":"Mariem Bessaid,&nbsp;Ki Hong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Signal peptides (SPs) play a critical role in the targeting and secretion of viral glycoproteins, influencing both replication efficiency and immunogenicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of replacing the native signal peptide of the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) glycoprotein (vG) with a heterologous piscidin-derived signal peptide (Psp). Using a luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that Psp significantly enhanced secretory efficiency compared to the native VHSV SP. A recombinant VHSV expressing Psp-fused glycoprotein (rVHSV-PspvG) was generated via reverse genetics to evaluate the impact of SP substitution on viral replication and immunogenicity. While rVHSV-PspvG was successfully rescued and retained infectivity, it exhibited slower replication kinetics and smaller plaque formation relative to the wild-type recombinant virus (rVHSV-wild). Enhanced Thioflavin T fluorescence in EPC cells infected with rVHSV-PspvG suggested increased ER stress associated with Psp substitution, likely contributing to reduced viral assembly. <em>In vivo</em> virulence assays in olive flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>) revealed attenuated pathogenicity of rVHSV-PspvG, which correlated with lower viral loads in head kidney tissues. Furthermore, a DNA vaccine encoding the PspvG construct conferred partial protection (60 % survival) upon VHSV challenge, whereas the native vG-based vaccine provided complete protection. These findings highlight the dual impact of SP modification on viral replication and host immunity, underscoring the need for cautious SP engineering in the development of live attenuated viruses and DNA vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 110455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of immune-related parameters in acellular and cellular fractions in male and female of Atlantic blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus)","authors":"Ricardo Gálvez,&nbsp;Francisco A. Guardiola","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brachyurans are relatively understudied compared to other decapods, with numerous fields remaining to be explored, including the immune response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize several immune-related enzymes and activities of the Atlantic blue crab (<em>Callinectes sapidus</em>) in cell-free haemolymph (CFH) and in the haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS), considering the gender factor and the suitability of measuring each activity in CFH or HLS. Data were expressed by millilitres of haemolymph or milligrams of protein to identify which of these units would be more robust and informative. For this, haemolymph of each gender was collected, and centrifuged to obtain CFH samples, whilst the cells were sonicated to get the HLS. Our results revealed that the protein concentration was higher in CFH compared to HLS. Considering milligrams of protein as units, phenoloxidase and esterase activities were lower in CFH regarding to HLS in both genders. Similarly, the lysozyme and phosphatase activities were lower in CFH compared to HLS but only in females. The values of lysozyme activity were higher in HLS of females compared to males. Studying millilitre of haemolymph as units, lysozyme activity exhibited higher activity in CFH compared to HLS in both genders, whilst phenoloxidase and esterase activities were higher in HLS, showing variations only in males. Interestingly, alkaline phosphatase activity was undetected in CFH male. Any variation was observed between the activities measured in both genders. Protease and antiprotease activities were higher and lower in CFH compared to HLS values, respectively, whilst any variation was observed between genders. Bactericidal activity against <em>V. harveyi</em>, <em>V. alginolyticus</em> and <em>V. anguillarum</em> exhibited stronger values in HLS than in CFH, independently of gender, as well as against <em>P. damselae</em> in females. Considering gender factor, the bactericidal activity against <em>V. alginolyticus</em>, <em>V. anguillarum</em> and <em>P. damselae</em> was higher in HLS of females than in males. However, the bactericidal activity against <em>V. alginolyticus</em> and <em>P. damselae</em> was higher in CFH of males compared to females. Our results could contribute to gender selection in future brachyurans studies considering the variability between males and females due to their distinct biology. Additionally, we provide data regarding the baseline values of several immune-related activities, establishing the most appropriate units from the biological point of view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 110456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcystis aeruginosa decreased fish appetite via inducing intestinal inflammation","authors":"Zhihao Ju ,&nbsp;Qianqian Xiang ,&nbsp;Tiyuan Xia ,&nbsp;Keira Harshaw ,&nbsp;Neil Rooney ,&nbsp;Jinmei Zi ,&nbsp;Zijin Hong ,&nbsp;Xuexiu Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> is a dominant and widely distributed cyanobacterium that plays a major role in the formation and recurrence of harmful algal blooms in lakes. While it is known to cause intestinal inflammation and appetite dysregulation in fish, the relationship between these effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms remains poorly understood. This study explored the impact of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>-induced intestinal inflammation on fish appetite, with a focus on the underlying molecular pathways, using <em>Pseudorasbora parva</em> exposed to <em>M. aeruginosa</em> for 96 h. We found a significant increase in inflammatory cells in the intestinal tract, accompanied by notable changes in glycerophospholipid and tryptophan metabolism, pathways associated with inflammation and appetite regulation. Key inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were significantly elevated, while orexigenic factors orexins, ghrelin, acetylcholine (Ach), and dopamine (DA) were markedly reduced. In contrast, anorexigenic factors 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) showed significant increases. Correlation analysis revealed that inflammatory markers were negatively correlated with orexigenic factors and positively correlated with anorexigenic factors. These findings indicate that <em>M. aeruginosa</em>-induced intestinal inflammation is a potential mechanism underlying reduced appetite in fish. This study provides novel insights into the toxic effects of <em>M. aeruginosa</em> on fish and offers a new perspective on the mechanisms by which it suppresses fish appetite, contributing to the broader understanding of the ecological and physiological impacts of cyanobacterial blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 110428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}