Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Collectin-11 from Hexagrammos otakii","authors":"Haidong Zha ,&nbsp;Haoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinmiao Zhong ,&nbsp;Yujiang Wang ,&nbsp;Liyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shanshan Yu ,&nbsp;Yingying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hexagrammos otakii</em> is an essential economic fish for some coastal cities, but severe and frequent infections have appeared in aquaculture. Previous studies have shown that collectin-11 (CL-11) is a typical soluble pattern recognition receptor capable of recognizing pathogens and initiating the complement cascade by interacting with mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP1). Hence, to better understand the functions of CL-11 in <em>Hexagrammos otakii</em> (HoCL-11), we conducted qRT-PCR, LPS and PGN binding, bacterial agglutination, ELISA, and FAR-WESTERN after recombinant expression. As a result, qRT-PCR revealed that the HoCL-11 gene was predominantly expressed in the liver, skin, and ovary tissues of <em>Hexagrammos otakii</em>. Bacterial agglutination and binding assays showed that the recombinant CL-11 protein could recognize various pathogens. ELISA and far-western experiments confirmed that HoCL-11 could bind to MASP1 and MASP2 and may further activate the complement. In conclusion, HoCL-11 is pivotal in teleost <em>Hexagrammos otakii</em>'s immune defense, and this study has theoretically supplemented its innate immune mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of UBC9 in the inflammatory response and pathogen susceptibility in zebrafish","authors":"Pir Tariq Shah ,&nbsp;Fan Guo ,&nbsp;Jiao Feng ,&nbsp;Changxin Wu ,&nbsp;Li Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UBC9 is a key enzyme involved in SUMOylation, a post-translational modification that targets protein function, stability, transcriptional regulation, and localization to affect biological processes in host cells. Pathogens often target UBC9 by exploiting the host's SUMO system to modify their proteins with altered functionality, which in turn favors the pathogens' survival or invasion. Herein, we investigated the critical role of UBC9 in regulating the inflammatory response and susceptibility to <em>Mycobacterium marinum</em> (<em>Mm</em>) infection in zebrafish. We effectively knocked down the UBC9 expression using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, which showed significant developmental abnormalities in zebrafish, particularly in cartilage formation. Our results indicated that UBC9 is essential for immune cell migration, as its knockdown led to impaired macrophage and neutrophil responses during inflammation. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of UBC9 on the zebrafish response to <em>Mm</em>, a close relative of the tuberculosis-causing bacterium. Our results showed that UBC9-knocked-down zebrafish displayed a slight increase in bacterial proliferation, suggesting a potential role of UBC9 in host's ability to control pathogen replication and spread. The study explores the complex interplay between UBC9 and the immune system and provides insights into the important role of UBC9 in immune regulation and pathogen defence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis supplemented feeding as a method to increase IgM titers and affinity in response to fish vaccination","authors":"Samuel Vicente-Gil ,&nbsp;Rocío Simón ,&nbsp;Silvia Nogales-Mérida ,&nbsp;Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Belén Fouz ,&nbsp;Claudia Serra ,&nbsp;M. Camino Ordás ,&nbsp;Beatriz Abós ,&nbsp;J. Germán Herranz-Jusdado ,&nbsp;E. Morel ,&nbsp;Patricia Díaz-Rosales ,&nbsp;Carolina Tafalla","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In aquaculture, the use of probiotics in supplemented diets has been shown to be a suitable strategy to increase the immune status of fish and thereby reduce the impact of pathogens. Specifically, the immunostimulatory effects of the probiotic microorganism <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> have been widely confirmed both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> in many aquacultured species. However, whether feeding fish with probiotic-enriched diets affects the adaptive immune response mounted to a vaccine has been scarcely addressed in fish. Therefore, in this study, we addressed this using rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) as a model. To this aim, fish were fed a probiotic-supplemented diet or a control diet for 30 days and thereafter immunized through different administration routes with different antigenic models, including 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS), a <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em> bacterin or a DNA vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). The effects of the <em>B. subtilis</em>-supplemented diet on the systemic specific IgM responses mounted were then established. For TNP-LPS, we also determined the effects of the diet on antibody affinity using a BIAcore instrument, which allows direct detection of antibody-antigen interactions by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) changes. The results presented reveal beneficial effects of feeding this probiotic on the vaccine-induced antibody response and point to the usefulness of designing holistic vaccination protocols that not only focus on antigen optimization or administration regimes, but also include diet composition as an important factor to influence the outcome of the immunization strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association mapping of scuticociliatosis resistance in a vaccinated population of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Yasara Kavindi Kodagoda ,&nbsp;Gaeun Kim ,&nbsp;D.S. Liyanage ,&nbsp;W.K.M. Omeka ,&nbsp;Cheonguk Park ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Kim ,&nbsp;Ji Hun Lee ,&nbsp;H.A.C.R. Hanchapola ,&nbsp;M.A.H. Dilshan ,&nbsp;D.C.G. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;David B. Jones ,&nbsp;Cecile Massault ,&nbsp;Dean R. Jerry ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scuticociliatosis, a parasitic disease caused by the scuticociliate <em>Miamiensis avidus</em> (<em>M. avidus</em>)<em>,</em> poses a grave threat to the olive flounder industry owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Vaccination is a safe and effective approach commonly practiced in farms to control key diseases, thus replacing conventional therapeutic measures with many limitations. Concurrently, selective breeding for enhanced disease resistance is underway in olive flounder breeding programs contingent on challenge tests involving unvaccinated fish. However, vaccination status may affect genetic predisposition to infection. This study pioneered the investigation of the genetic diversity underlying scuticociliatosis resistance in vaccinated olive flounders. A cohort of 720 fish received vaccination with formalin-killed <em>M. avidus</em>, followed by an intraperitoneal challenge test with live <em>M. avidus</em>. Genotyping of 474 vaccinated fish from 130 families was performed using a custom high-density 70 k single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, revealing a polygenic architecture with substantial genetic variation in scuticociliatosis resistance, with an estimated heritability of approximately 0.10 in the vaccinated population. A Genome-Wide Association Study identified 16 suggestively (1 × 10⁻⁴) associated SNP variants distributed over chromosomes 1, 7, 11, 12, and 13 and no genome-wide significant SNP. The top 17 candidate genes linked with identified SNPs were enriched with vital biological processes, essential for combating parasitic infections. These findings provide insights into the polygenic architecture of scuticociliatosis resistance in olive flounders. While the identified genetic markers explain limited phenotypic variance of 0.49 %, this study lays the groundwork for further genomic selection approaches, contributing to more effective disease management and sustainable aquaculture of olive flounders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and functional identification of a LC3C homolog in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)","authors":"Zuyun Wei ,&nbsp;Yinnan Mu ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Ai ,&nbsp;Xinhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autophagy is a conserved cellular process in response to stress that sustains normal cell growth by degrading and recycling unnecessary cytosolic components in autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3, MAP1LC3 or LC3, is a major autophagosome component and reliable autophagy marker. In humans, there exist three LC3 orthologues, LC3A, LC3B, and LC3C. To date, only two types of LC3 orthologues, LC3A and LC3B, have been recognized in fish species. This study identified a LC3C (<em>Lc</em>LC3C) gene in the large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>). The deduced <em>Lc</em>LC3C protein possesses conserved characteristic domains, including a GABARAP domain, a C-terminal glycine residue, Atg7 binding site, tubulin binding site, and a lipid site. The <em>Lc</em>LC3C gene was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, and in primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), primary head kidney lymphocytes (PKL), primary head kidney granulocytes (PKG), and large yellow croaker head kidney (LYCK) cell line. After stimulation by poly (I:C), a viral dsRNA mimic, and <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em>, the mRNA levels of the <em>Lc</em>LC3C were downregulated in the head kidney and spleen. Subcellular location indicated that <em>Lc</em>LC3C was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of both LYCK cells and epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Overexpression of <em>Lc</em>LC3C in EPC cells promoted the replication of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and its overexpression in both LYCK cells and EPC cells downregulated type I IFN response, suggesting that <em>Lc</em>LC3C may promote the replication of virus by negatively regulating type I IFN response. Consequently, our findings enhance the comprehension of the role played by the LC3C homolog in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α involves in regulating anti-lipopolysaccharide factors expression via NF-κB under hypoxia stress in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Yuhan Ma ,&nbsp;Zihao Wu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Tu ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Junwei Guo ,&nbsp;Yiyang Xu ,&nbsp;Siyue Li ,&nbsp;Yuting Xi ,&nbsp;Jialin Li ,&nbsp;Tongjun Ren ,&nbsp;Dazuo Yang ,&nbsp;Shu Huang ,&nbsp;Qilin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen is essential for the survival of organisms. Hypoxia profoundly affects the immune response in aquatic crustaceans, nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of immunological regulation under hypoxic conditions remain unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis, also plays a vital role in the immunological responses of mammals. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether HIF-1α regulates the immune response of crustaceans under hypoxia stress. This study investigated the expression patterns of <em>Es</em>HIF-1α and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) in response to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> stimulation under hypoxia stress in <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>. The mRNA expression levels of <em>Es</em>HIF-1α in haemocytes were significantly increased after hypoxia treatment, while were markedly reduced following <em>A. hydrophila</em> stimulation under hypoxic condition. Similarly, the <em>Es</em>ALFs mRNA expression levels were also significantly decreased post <em>A. hydrophila</em> injection under hypoxic condition. Subsequently, the effect of <em>Es</em>HIF-1α on <em>Es</em>ALFs mRNA expression was detected. The mRNA transcripts of <em>Es</em>ALFs significantly diminished in HIF-1α inhibitor (KC7F2) injected crabs, however, a significant increase was observed in HIF-1α activator (IOX4) injected crabs. Furthermore, the mRNA expression and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB exhibited a similar trend following the inhibition or activation of <em>Es</em>HIF-1α, indicating that <em>Es</em>HIF-1α has a positive effect on the expression and activity of NF-κB. In addition, the bacterial clearance of haemolymph in the HIF-1α activated group was significantly higher, whereas in the HIF-1α inhibited group it was significantly lower, compared to the control group. Our findings collectively suggested that <em>Es</em>HIF-1α regulated ALFs expression through NF-κB activation <em>in E. sinensis</em> in response to <em>A. hydrophila</em> stimulation under hypoxic conditions. This research improves the understanding of the immunological regulation mechanisms in crustaceans under hypoxia stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of nerve cord-expressed SVWC2 in pathogen recognition and defense in Macrobrachium nipponense","authors":"Muyi Li ,&nbsp;Nan Qin ,&nbsp;Bowen Yuan ,&nbsp;Minghao Guo ,&nbsp;Likun Yang ,&nbsp;Ting Tang ,&nbsp;Fengchao Li ,&nbsp;Fengsong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single von Willebrand factor C-domain proteins (SVWCs) are primarily found in arthropods and are involved in responding to environmental stress, nutritional availability, and pathogen infection. In this study, an SVWC family member from the <em>Macrobrachium nipponense</em> was identified that contains a conserved single von Willebrand factor C domain that is highly expressed in the nerve cord (designated MnSVWC2). The role of MnSVWC2 in resistance to bacteria and viruses was investigated. MnSVWC2 is upregulated in response to both bacterial challenge and viral infection. The recombinant MnSVWC2 (rMnSVWC2) exhibited binding activity to a range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Furthermore, it exhibited Ca²⁺-dependent binding and agglutination capabilities against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. The co-incubation of rMnSVWC2 with <em>E. coli</em>, followed by injection into prawns, resulted in an increase in the phagocytosis of <em>E. coli</em> by hemocytes <em>in vivo</em>. ELISA analysis indicated that rMnSVWC2 can bind to white spot syndrome virus. Knockdown of MnSVWC2 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in an increase in virus copies in prawns and a significant decrease in survival rate following viral infection. These findings provide important insights into the function of MnSVWC2 in the innate immunity of <em>M. nipponense</em> and the mechanisms of defense against pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of epicatechin against Singapore grouper iridovirus in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Lin Huang ,&nbsp;Jihui Kuang ,&nbsp;Jieying Yu ,&nbsp;Qing Yu ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Liu ,&nbsp;Yunyi Wei ,&nbsp;Shuyu Han ,&nbsp;Yanhua Huang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the main highly pathogenic pathogen of grouper, Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) can give rise to significant economic losses in grouper aquaculture. Epicatechin (EC) belongs to flavonoids, which primarily derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plants, green tea. In this study, the role of EC in SGIV infection was evaluated <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. In the meantime, the mechanism of EC worked on SGIV was also explored, including the impact of EC on SGIV virus particles, the effects of EC on SGIV infection process, and the influence of EC on host immune response. The results showed that EC had concentration dependent antiviral effects against SGIV both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. EC could limit SGIV infection by interacting with SGIV virus particles, interfering with the invasion and replication process of SGIV infection. Moreover, EC was able to upregulate the expression of genes involved in interferon system (IFN, TRAF6, ISG15, IRF3, IRF7, TLR9, and myd88), downregulate the expression of TNF-α and IL1-β related to inflammation, and inhibit the cell apoptosis induced by SGIV to exert antiviral effects. Our finding revealed that EC probably is a potential excellent anti-SGIV drug with a clear antiviral mechanism, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of environmentally friendly fishing drugs for the prevention and control of SGIV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute hypoxia stress impairs Litopenaeus vannamei resistance to white spot syndrome virus by downregulating chitin-binding proteins","authors":"Honghui He ,&nbsp;Shaoping Weng ,&nbsp;Chaozheng Li ,&nbsp;Jianguo He","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoxia stress is a key environmental stressor that can induce white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreaks, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, transcriptome analysis and RT-PCR were conducted to investigate the impact of acute hypoxia stress on gene expression profiles in shrimp. We revealed that acute hypoxia stress significantly altered the expression profile of genes in shrimp gill, particularly downregulating genes encoding chitin-binding proteins (CBPs), including <em>Mucin-19</em>, <em>GAAP</em>, <em>CP1114</em>, <em>SgAbd-1</em>, <em>pro-Resilin</em>, <em>Obstructor-E</em>, <em>CP</em>, <em>GP1</em>, and <em>AMP1A</em>. Downregulation of <em>Mucin-19</em>, <em>GAAP</em>, <em>CP1114</em>, and <em>SgAbd-</em>1 by RNA interference significantly increased shrimp mortality and viral loads following WSSV infection. Temporal expression analysis further confirmed that <em>Mucin-19</em>, <em>GAAP</em>, <em>CP1114</em>, and <em>SgAbd-1</em> were involved in WSSV infection. Thus, acute hypoxia stress facilitates WSSV infection by inhibiting CBPs expression. This study provides the first evidence of the role of shrimp CBPs in response to hypoxia stress and antiviral defense, offering novel insights into environmental stress-host-virus interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of Amyloodinium ocellatum infection in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)","authors":"Zhicheng Li,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhuang,&nbsp;Hebing Wang,&nbsp;Jizhen Cao,&nbsp;Baotun Wang,&nbsp;Qing Han,&nbsp;Zhi Luo,&nbsp;Chuanfu Dong,&nbsp;Anxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Amyloodinium ocellatum</em> is a pathogenic parasitic dinoflagellate that infects most marine fish, including the <em>Acanthopagrus latus</em>. This study combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to investigate the pathogenesis of <em>A. ocellatum</em> infection in <em>A. latus</em>. The results indicated that <em>A. ocellatum</em> infection significantly up-regulated 1,556 genes and 326 metabolites while down-regulating 1,668 genes and 399 metabolites in the gills of <em>A. latus</em>. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DMs) were enriched in pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, suggesting that these factors may be key drivers of disease pathogenesis and mortality in infected fish. The effects of <em>A. ocellatum</em> infection on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression in the gills of <em>A. latus</em> were also investigated, alongside hematological and histopathological analyses of the internal organs. The results revealed that <em>A. ocellatum</em> infection induced overproduction of ROS, triggering apoptosis, altered oxidase and antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased mRNA expression of inflammation-related (<em>COX-2</em>, <em>IL-1β</em>, <em>IL-8</em>) and apoptosis-related genes (<em>CatB</em>, <em>CASP3</em>) in the gills of <em>A. latus</em>. Moreover, cholesterol (CHO) concentrations and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in the serum, as well as the number and density of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the spleen, were significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the infected fish. In conclusion, this study reports that <em>A. ocellatum</em> infection causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the gills of <em>A. latus</em>, which contribute to fish mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}