Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Study on the correlation between Flavobacterium columnare infection and gill injury in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and the protective effect of Enoxolone","authors":"Chen Li ,&nbsp;Yunshan Qiu ,&nbsp;Lin Luo ,&nbsp;Xinnan Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongli Liu ,&nbsp;Ping Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yi Geng ,&nbsp;Defang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Columnaris disease, caused by <em>Flavobacterium columnare</em>, has a broad host range and can afflict multiple families and genera of freshwater fish. In addition, our prior research found that Enoxolone emerged as the most promising candidate with a low minimum inhibitory concentration and good cost-effectiveness. However, the therapeutic effect of Enoxolone on <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> infected with <em>F. columnare</em> remains unclear, and its antibacterial efficiency in vivo has yet to be investigated. In this study, we found that the cumulative mortality rate of <em>M. salmoides</em> reached 70 % within 96 h post-infection with 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL <em>F. columnare</em>, and the gills exhibited clinical signs such as paleness and ischemia, accompanied by characteristic \"Clavate Gill\" pathological changes. Meanwhile, both the severity of these lesions and the bacterial load showed a significantly upward trend over time. In addition, following Enoxolone treatment, the mortality rate of <em>M. salmoides</em> infected by <em>F. columnare</em> was reduced by 40 %, with alleviated general pathological changes and a significantly lower number of apoptotic positive cells compared to the infected but untreated group. The relative expression of apoptosis and inflammation-related genes showed that the expression levels of <em>Caspase-9</em>, <em>IL-18</em>, <em>TNF-α</em> and <em>NF-κB</em> were significantly upregulated after <em>F. columnare</em> infection. However, the relative expression of <em>Bcl-2</em> and <em>IL-10</em> was significantly upregulated after treatment with Enoxolone. In conclusion, there was a positive correlation between the <em>F. columnare</em> load and gill damage in <em>M. salmoides</em>. In addition, Enoxolone has potential therapeutic and protective effects against gill tissue damage caused by <em>F. columnare</em>. Presumably, this efficacy may stem from the drug's ability to inhibit bacteria, thereby reducing gill cell apoptosis and inflammation. These findings provide new perspectives for future research and establish a groundwork for devising preventive and curative strategies against <em>F. columnare</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure, function, and therapeutic potential of defensins from marine animals","authors":"Yining Lei ,&nbsp;Dangui He ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Lixia Miao ,&nbsp;Zhijian Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defensins are a type of host defense peptides (HDPs), belonging to a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit activity against various infectious microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Due to the uniqueness of the ocean's ecological environment, defensins from marine animals have a rich biodiversity and some special molecular features so as to possess significant potential. They exert antibacterial activity by binding to cell membranes, forming specific channels, or interacting with lipid II. These peptides can be utilized through various nanotechnologies, such as antimicrobial peptide-antibiotic conjugates, nanonets, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, to enhance their antibacterial activities and broaden their spectra. This review summarizes the structural characteristics and classification of defensins from marine animals (mainly fish and shellfish), outlines their evolutionary trajectory, and discusses their antibacterial, antiviral, immune-regulation, and reproductive functions. Finally, the future therapeutic potential of defensins from marine animals is highlighted for fighting antibiotic resistance and treating other diseases. This review provides new insights into the future development of marine resources and natural peptides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of immunogenic antigens from scuticociliate in Takifugu rubripes, and the development and evaluation of subunit vaccines","authors":"Xiaohang Wang ,&nbsp;Sen Wang ,&nbsp;Xinpeng Ni ,&nbsp;Gengtong Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingmeihui Sun ,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Meili Pan ,&nbsp;Ruijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, scuticociliatosis has emerged as a major parasitic disease in the aquaculture of <em>Takifugu rubripes</em>, inflicting significant economic losses on the pufferfish farming industry. The conventional approach of using chemical drugs to prevent and control parasitic diseases poses substantial risks to the environment and food safety. Consequently, the utilization of vaccines for the prevention and treatment of aquatic animal diseases is currently regarded as the mainstream direction for future aquatic animal disease prevention and control. In this study, utilizing the laboratory-established pathogenic strain of scuticociliates, <em>Pseudocohnilembus persalinus</em>, as the immunogen, we aimed to screen for immunogenic proteins capable of eliciting immune responses in hosts. Through enrichment culture of <em>P</em>. <em>persalinus</em> in vitro, impurities were filtered out using membranes, and the organisms were subsequently collected by centrifugation, frozen-thawed and disrupted to obtain whole-cell proteins. BALB/c mice and <em>T</em>. <em>rubripes</em> served as the immunization subjects, receiving intraperitoneal injections of the proteins to generate polyclonal antisera against scuticociliates. Western blot analysis was then performed, incubating the whole-cell proteins with mouse and <em>T</em>. <em>rubripes</em> antisera. The most intensely stained protein bands were excised, subjected to gel excision and mass spectrometry for identification and comparison. The resulting identified gene, <em>SDP35</em>, belongs to the <em>GAPDH</em> (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) family and exhibits the following characteristics: The SDP35-encoded polypeptide chain comprises two protein domains: the N-terminal coenzyme NAD-binding domain and the C-terminal catalytic domain, which are distinctive features of this family of proteins. The SDP35 protein is primarily localized in the cytoplasm, consistent with GAPDH's function in catalyzing glycolysis within the cytoplasm. In addition, the <em>SDP35</em> gene bears some ciliate-specific traits, notably the presence within its open reading frame of ten non-canonical glutamine-encoding codons (TAA), which serve as stop codons in most other organisms. Toxicity challenge experiments were conducted on <em>T</em>. <em>rubripes</em> before and after vaccination, revealing that the subunit vaccine against scuticociliates significantly reduced the scuticociliate density at the wound site of <em>T</em>. <em>rubripes</em>. The parasite reduction rate reached 80.39 %. Concurrently, the vaccine enhanced the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ACH), peroxidase (POD), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in <em>T</em>. <em>rubripes</em>, thereby strengthening its anti-infective capability and exerting a preventive effect against scuticociliatosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrimp autophagy receptor protein PvTAX1BP1 regulates autophagy and facilitates white spot syndrome virus replication in Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Vorawit Ananphongmanee ,&nbsp;Suttipong Tungwaravut ,&nbsp;Warumporn Yingsunthonwattana ,&nbsp;Pakkakul Sangsuriya ,&nbsp;Anchalee Tassanakajon ,&nbsp;Kunlaya Somboonwiwat","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) plays a role in autophagy regulation and proteasomal pathway across different species, though its function in shrimp is still being explored. In <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>, the homolog <em>PvTAX1BP1</em> was characterized by a CALCOCO1 domain, a LC3-interacting region (LIR), two coiled-coil domains, and two ubiquitin-binding zinc finger regions (UBZs). It was ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues while its expression in hemocytes was notably downregulated following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Silencing <em>PvTAX1BP1</em> reduced WSSV replication and prolonged shrimp survival, suggesting its involvement in viral pathogenesis. Immunofluorescence assay revealed co-localization of <em>Pv</em>TAX1BP1 with the autophagy-related protein <em>Pv</em>LC3, indicating a potential interaction and its role in LC3-mediated autophagy. Additionally, knockdown of <em>PvTAX1BP1</em> resulted in downregulation of the autophagy marker <em>Pv</em>LC3-II in WSSV-infected shrimp, reinforcing its role in autophagy regulation during infection. Both yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that <em>Pv</em>TAX1BP1 directly interacts with three WSSV proteins: WSSV325, WSSV458, and WSSV517. These findings suggest that <em>Pv</em>TAX1BP1 facilitates WSSV replication by modulating host LC3-mediated autophagy, potentially through its interactions with WSSV proteins. This highlights a mechanism by which viruses can exploit cellular processes for their own benefit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-selenium alleviates tetrabromobisphenol A induced PANoptosis in carp gill tissue by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway","authors":"Shuang Lou ,&nbsp;Huijie Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyue Li ,&nbsp;Shize Wang ,&nbsp;Yuting Dong ,&nbsp;Xinrui Deng ,&nbsp;Shu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a common environmental pollutant with a molar mass of 543.91 g/mol. Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) has strong antioxidant capacity. Therefore in this study, we investigated the effects of TBBPA and Nano-Se on carp gills and EPC cells. The results showed that TBBPA exposure reduced the activities of CAT and T-AOC, increased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂, and increased the expression levels of mRNA and protein related to TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB pathways. ASC, Caspase1, RIPK1, RIPK3, and NLRP3 related mRNA and protein expression levels of PANoptosome increased, while Caspase8 expression decreased. The expression of PANoptosis-related indicators GSDMD, MLKL Caspase3, Caspase9, Bax, IL-18, and IL-1β increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. Nano-Se mitigated the above outcome changes caused by TBBPA. In vitro, experiments further verified that Nano-Se could alleviate the PANoptosis of EPC cells induced by TBBPA. The addition of NF-κB activator 1 can reverse the therapeutic effect of Nano-Se on TBBPA. In summary, Nano-Se can alleviate oxidative stress, inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and reduce TBBPA-induced PANoptosis in fish gill tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galnt3, an enzyme engaged in protein glycosylation modification, is essential for the maintaining of intestinal health in zebrafish","authors":"Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Wenjin Li ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Lin ,&nbsp;Yilin Han ,&nbsp;Guangdong Ji ,&nbsp;Zhenhui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intestinal inflammation significantly impairs intestinal function and is closely associated with various health complications. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Galnt3, a member of the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, participates in multiple biological processes, yet its specific role in intestinal inflammation remains poorly understood. In this study, we observed a significant downregulation of zebrafish <em>galnt3</em> in response to GCRV virus or poly(I:C) infection. <em>Galnt3</em> knockout (<em>galnt3</em>^−/−) zebrafish exhibited reduced survival rates, particularly following GCRV virus inoculation, accompanied by severe ascites and abdominal hemorrhage. Histopathological examination of intestinal tissues revealed thinning of intestinal walls, shortened villi, and increased acidic mucus secretion, all indicative of aggravated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, <em>galnt3</em> deficiency was found to trigger the upregulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Through cell scratch assays and p38 MAPK phosphorylation analysis, we demonstrated that Galnt3 inhibits p38 MAPK phosphorylation and macrophage migration, thereby reducing the production of pro-inflammatory factors. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of Galnt3 in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal inflammation and identifying potential therapeutic targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) ORF67 inhibits IFN expression by competitively obstructing STING phosphorylation","authors":"Bao-Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Can Zhang ,&nbsp;Chu-Jing Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhuo-Cong Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu ,&nbsp;Yang-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Dan-Dan Chen ,&nbsp;Li Zhou ,&nbsp;Long-Feng Lu ,&nbsp;Shun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) caused hematopoietic necrosis in crucian carp (<em>Carassius auratus</em>) has resulted in huge economic losses to the carp aquaculture. Interferon (IFN) response serves as a crucial line of defense for fish against CyHV-2 infection; however, CyHV-2 frequently overcomes this defense, resulting in damage and even substantial mortality. The mechanism by which CyHV-2 evades the fish IFN antiviral response remains unclear. In this study, we chose the open reading frame 67 (ORF67) of CyHV-2 as the target of our research. Firstly, the results of Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay and <em>in vitro</em> phosphorylation showed that the ORF67 inhibited the expression of IFN by binding to TBK1-A/B and competitively blocking STING-A/B phosphorylation. Then, we elaborated on the effect of ORF67 on the cell's antiviral function by cytopathic effect (CPE) and immunoblot analysis. In summary, this study has clarified the molecular mechanism of immune evasion by ORF67 through the inhibition of host IFN expression. This research enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of CyHV-2 and provides theoretical references for the prevention and treatment of hematopoietic necrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHP-1 negatively regulates LPS-induced M1 polarization, phagocytic activity, inflammation and oxidative stress in primary macrophages of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)","authors":"Ningning Wang ,&nbsp;Suxu Tan ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Yanzhao Nie ,&nbsp;Muyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Hongning Liu ,&nbsp;Sen Han ,&nbsp;Zhendong Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrophages serve as the primary effector cells in antibacterial immunity in teleost, engaging in both innate and adaptive immune response. However, the specific role of SHP-1, a multi-functional protein tyrosine phosphatase, in teleost macrophages remains elusive. In this study, we first established a cellular immune model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major pathogenic component of Gram-negative bacteria, and then we comprehensively elucidated the function of SHP-1 in primary macrophages derived from Chinese tongue sole. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of SHP-1 inhibited M1 polarization, phagocytosis, respiratory burst of primary macrophages, suppressing the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proinflammatory cytokines (<em>il-1β</em>, <em>il-6</em>), but increasing the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (<em>il-10</em>). Whereas SHP-1 silencing (through siRNA or inhibitor) exerted completely opposite effects, further emphasizing its roles as a negative regulator. More in-depth, we revealed that SHP-1 suppressed the activation/transduction of the TLR5-MYD88-NFκB and JAK-STAT3 signal pathways, thereby mitigating the excessive immune reaction in macrophages of Chinese tongue sole. In summary, our findings systematically delineate the functions of SHP-1 and offer mechanistic insights into the management of oxidative stress/inflammation-related diseases, which will contribute to the sustainable development of aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gene characteristics and adaptive evolution of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy","authors":"Xiaoqin Su ,&nbsp;Yanqiu Cui ,&nbsp;Hanfu Gong ,&nbsp;Tianjun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuena Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) is crucial in regulating immune responses, with its members mediating various biological functions through key signaling pathways. However, the gene characteristics of this family and their comparative and evolutionary analysis across species remain limited. In this study, 12 TNFSF genes were identified in the genome-wide of miiuy croaker. Analyses were conducted on evolutionary relationships, conserved motifs, gene duplication, and selection pressure. Conserved motif analyses revealed that the C-terminal motifs of vertebrate TNFSF proteins were more conserved than the N-terminus. Sequence alignment and conservation analysis identified an unrecognized helix structure within the TNF homology domain, which exhibited structural conservation among vertebrates. Synteny and selection pressure analyses indicated that the TNFSF in miiuy croaker exhibited tandem and segmental duplication events. Evolutionary selection pressures may contributed to the functional differentiation of this family. These findings could enhance the understanding of TNFSF gene characteristics and evolutionary relationships, and provide new insights for studying immune-related TNFSF genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 110369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint effects of rice straw-derived biochar and microcystin-LR on splenic histopathological injuries, inflammation, and innate immune responses in male zebrafish","authors":"Wang Lin ,&nbsp;Ling Liao ,&nbsp;Ling Ling ,&nbsp;Wansheng Zou ,&nbsp;Pengling Shi ,&nbsp;Suqin Wang ,&nbsp;Pinhong Yang ,&nbsp;Jifeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxin produced by cyanobacterial blooms, poses a significant threat to aquatic animals and humans. Biochar (BC), known for its high adsorption capacity, is increasingly being utilized to remove hazardous pollutants from aquatic environment. In the present study, we conducted a full factorial experiment to investigate the potential immunotoxicity in male zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) exposed to environmentally relevant levels of MC-LR (0, 1, 5, 25 μg/L) and rice straw-derived BC (0, 100 μg/L) for 30 d. The findings revealed that subchronic MC-LR exposure caused concentration-dependent splenic histopathological injuries, characterized by an augmentation of melano-macrophage centers, edematous mitochondria, and vacuolation. While the presence of BC mitigated the inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage in the combined groups. Furthermore, in contrast to the group solely exposed to 25 μg/L MC-LR, decreased levels of interleukin 1β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL6) as well as significant downregulation of inflammation and immune-related genes (<em>tlr4a</em>, <em>myd88</em>, <em>p38a</em>, <em>tnfα</em>) were noticed in the corresponding co-exposure group, which confirmed that BC can reduce MC-LR-induced inflammatory response. Concurrently, a significant increase in complement C3 (C3) content, along with higher splenic <em>c3b</em> expression levels, was observed in the MC-LR-co-BC group in relative to the group exposed solely to MC-LR, suggesting that BC alleviated MC-LR-induced innate immune inhibition. Our results also demonstrated that BC can decrease MC-LR contents in both water and spleen, thereby alleviating MC-LR-induced inflammation and innate immune inhibition via the MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor (TLR/MyD88) signaling pathway in male zebrafish. Our results underscore the potential of BC to mitigate the deleterious impacts of MC-LR on aquatic organisms in blooms-contaminated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 110370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}