Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of a novel transmembrane protein LvLRRm1 containing leucine-rich repeats in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Bang Xiao ,&nbsp;Junming Pan ,&nbsp;Feiting Zheng ,&nbsp;Fang Kang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Jianguo He ,&nbsp;Chaozheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains are evolutionarily conserved in various proteins, playing essential roles in innate immunity across vertebrates and invertebrates. In this research, we discovered and characterized a novel transmembrane protein containing an LRR domain, named LvLRRm1, in the shrimp species <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. LvLRRm1 consists of six LRR motifs, one LRRCT motif, and a putative transmembrane domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvLRRm1 is more closely related to variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) than Toll-like receptors (TLRs), suggesting it may represent a distinct class of immune receptors. Functional studies showed that LvLRRm1 exhibits binding capacity for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a preference for Gram-positive bacteria, and recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycans (PGN). Knockdown of LvLRRm1 via RNA interference increased shrimp susceptibility to <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> infection, indicating its critical role in antibacterial immunity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LvLRRm1 regulates the expression of immune-related genes, including antimicrobial peptides, components of the prophenoloxidase system, and apoptosis-related factors. Additionally, LvLRRm1 may interact with the Toll3 signaling pathway, further highlighting its importance in innate immune regulation. These findings shed light on the role of LRR-containing proteins in invertebrate immunity and may present new targets for boosting disease resistance in shrimp aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of AMPs expression by six Tolls in stomach during WSSV infection in Macrobrachium nipponense","authors":"Qian Ren ,&nbsp;Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Chen Qu ,&nbsp;Cheng-Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tolls or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in innate immunity in invertebrates and vertebrates. In this study, six <em>Toll</em> genes (named <em>MnToll1-6</em>) were found in the oriental river prawn <em>Macrobrachium nipponense</em>, and <em>MnToll1-4</em> were newly identified. All six Tolls have a transmembrane domain and a TIR domain, containing different numbers of leucine-rich repeats (LRR), LRR C-terminal, and LRR N-terminal domains. They can be classified into single cysteine cluster Toll, multiple cysteine clusters Toll, and MnToll2 (Toll without a cysteine cluster), and are located in the six branches (groups A-F) of the evolutionary tree. Intronless Tolls (MnToll1 and MnToll3-4) belong to groups A-C. MnToll5 and MnToll6 are clustered into groups D and E, and contain four introns. MnToll2 has more than four introns and belongs to group F. The six <em>MnTolls</em> were widely distributed in diverse tissues, and <em>MnToll1-4</em> had the highest expression levels in the stomach. Upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) stimulation, the expression levels of <em>MnToll1-6</em> mRNA were upregulated in the stomach of <em>M. nipponense</em>. The expression levels of four <em>anti-lipopolysaccharide factors</em> were downregulated in the stomach of <em>MnToll1-6</em> knockdown <em>M. nipponense</em> upon WSSV infection. Moreover, knockdown of <em>MnToll1-6</em> increased the number of WSSV copies and led to a significant reduction in the survival rate of <em>M. nipponense</em>. This study showed that diverse Tolls exist in <em>M. nipponense</em> and participate in innate immune defense by regulating <em>antimicrobial peptide</em> expression during WSSV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lytic vibriophage as a potential biocontrol agent against vibriosis in aquaculture","authors":"Yunlan Yang ,&nbsp;Wanxuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Huiyu Ding ,&nbsp;Keming Shi ,&nbsp;Haipeng Guo ,&nbsp;Demin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Cai ,&nbsp;Min Hsiao ,&nbsp;Jie Xu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> poses a common threat to seafood, resulting in substantial losses in aquaculture and increasing the risks to human health through seafood-borne infections. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, more attention has been paid to phages as a potential alternative or supplement to antibiotics for biocontrol. In this study, a siphovirus, named vB_ValS_R23Z (R23Z), was isolated from shrimp aquatic water and showed specific infectivity against <em>V. alginolyticus</em> ATCC 17749^T, with a latent period of approximately 60 min and a burst size of 58 ± 16 plaque-forming units per cell. Genome analysis revealed that phage R23Z possesses two lysis genes, with no lysogenic, antibiotic resistance or virulence genes detected, underscoring its high lytic capacity and genetic safety. Notably, phage R23Z had a broad host range, efficiently lysing over 16 <em>Vibrio</em> strains across four species. It performed well across a wide temperature range (4°C-45 °C) and pH range (4–9), and displayed high lytic efficiency against <em>V. alginolyticus</em> ATCC 17749^T at all tested multiplicity of infections (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100), suggesting adaptability and effectiveness to diverse aquaculture conditions. Additionally, in vivo trials revealed that R23Z application as a single phage therapy significantly enhanced shrimp survival rates (&gt;16 %) during <em>V. alginolyticus</em> infection period, underscoring its practical efficacy in aquaculture. These findings position R23Z as a safe, effective, and environmentally adaptable biocontrol agent against <em>Vibrio</em> infections in aquaculture, with significant potential for applications in disease prevention and food safety, either as a standalone treatment or as part of phage cocktails.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptides derived from the α-helical structure of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) CXCL8 demonstrate potent bactericidal effects","authors":"Yanhong Nong ,&nbsp;Qionglin Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Gonghong Wei ,&nbsp;Yining Liao ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinhua Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang-Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial diseases pose a significant threat to the large yellow croaker aquaculture industry, and the overuse of antibiotics has exacerbated the issue of bacterial resistance. Consequently, there is an urgent need for antimicrobial peptides as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. In this study, a 13-amino acid peptide, AVV13N, was designed by truncating the carboxyl-terminal region of the large yellow croaker CXCL8 protein and amidating its carboxyl terminus. A derivative peptide, AVK13N, was subsequently synthesized through amino acid substitution. <em>In vitro</em> assays demonstrated that both peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with AVK13N showing significantly stronger efficacy than AVV13N. Cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity tests confirmed that these two peptides have low cytotoxicity and minimal hemolytic effects. Stability analysis further revealed that two peptides maintain their bactericidal activity under varying temperatures and pH levels, and in the presence of most physiological salts. Mechanistically, the two peptides depolarize the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and enhance membrane permeability by binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ultimately disrupting bacterial cell structure, thus exerting bactericidal effects. <em>In vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that both peptides improve the survival rate of zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) infected with <em>P. plecoglossicida</em>, with AVK13N exhibiting a particularly pronounced protective effect. These findings not only elucidate the direct bactericidal activity of the carboxyl-terminal α-helical peptides derived from large yellow croaker CXCL8, but also underscore their potential as therapeutic agents for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased pathogenicity of triple-mutant of Aeromonas hydrophila flgK, flgL, flgE suggests its potential as a live attenuated vaccine for Carassius auratus","authors":"Chuanyu Xiong ,&nbsp;Kemei Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanpei Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Ai ,&nbsp;Yongyao Yu ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mabrok ,&nbsp;Nermeen Abu-Elala ,&nbsp;Liping Li ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Yun Li ,&nbsp;Hua Ye ,&nbsp;Huiqing Mei ,&nbsp;Ronghua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> is one of the top pathogenic bacteria that causes serious economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we constructed a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidate strain by mutating the flagella genes <em>flgK</em>, <em>flgL</em>, and <em>flgE</em> in <em>A. hydrophila</em> (AH-ΔKLE). This strain exhibited sufficient attenuation with a significant reduction of 35.91-fold in pathogenicity. Compared to wild type strain of <em>A. hydrophila</em> (AH-WT), AH-ΔKLE exhibited flagellar loss, reduced motility, diminished hemolytic activity, decreased biofilm formation, and down-regulation of pathogenicity-related genes. 144 h after immunization of <em>Carassius auratus</em> with AH-ΔKLE, the activities of ACP, AKP, LZM, SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA and T-AOC were significantly increased. Additionally, the expression levels of <em>TNF-α</em>, <em>MHCI</em>, <em>IL-8</em>, <em>IL-10</em>, <em>TGF-β</em> and <em>IL-4</em> were significantly upregulated from 6 to 48 h post immunization in gill, spleen and head kidney tissues. Furthermore, the specific antibody IgM levels were elevated in the AH-ΔKLE group at 4 weeks post immunization. Fish vaccinated via intraperitoneal injection with the AH-ΔKLE strain exhibited a significantly higher relative percent survival (RPS) of 78.33 % than 45.33 % of the inactive vaccine. Compared with the control group, AH-ΔKLE showed effective protection without causing obvious pathological changes in the gill, intestine and spleen. To sum up, our results demonstrate that AH-ΔKLE represents a safe and efficacious LAV candidate strain for clinical prevention of <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection in <em>Carassius auratus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral adjuvanted Vibrio vaccine enhances antibody production and lysozyme activity in the serum and mucus of marine-cultured red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) against V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus","authors":"Tilusha Manchanayake ,&nbsp;Aslah Mohamad ,&nbsp;Zahaludin Amir-Danial ,&nbsp;Nadirah Abu Nor ,&nbsp;Chin Yong-Kit ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin ,&nbsp;Roslindawani Md Nor ,&nbsp;Qistina Hasnan ,&nbsp;Mohd Zamri-Saad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal ,&nbsp;Md Yasin Ina-Salwany ,&nbsp;Annas Salleh","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vibriosis, caused by <em>Vibrio</em> species, is a significant issue in marine aquaculture. <em>Vibrio</em> species such as <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, <em>V. alginolyticus</em>, and <em>V. vulnificus</em> threaten fish health, and the use of antibiotics raises public health concerns, highlighting the need for vaccination. This study explores a formalin-killed feed-based vaccine against <em>V. harveyi</em>, with an oil adjuvant to boost immune responses in marine-cultured red hybrid tilapia (<em>Oreochromis</em> sp.), aiming for cross-protection against various <em>Vibrio</em> species. A total of 450 red hybrid tilapia were divided into three groups: oil-adjuvanted vaccine feed, non-adjuvanted vaccine feed, and control feed. Immune responses in the mucus and serum, indicated by IgM levels and lysozyme activity, were assessed following oral vaccination at weeks 0, 2, and 6 over a 16-week period. Vaccinated fish exhibited significantly higher IgM levels in both mucus and serum against <em>V. harveyi</em> and <em>V. alginolyticus</em>, with oil-adjuvanted vaccine feed group showing peak mucus IgM of 0.47 ± 0.05 OD at week 8 for <em>V. harveyi</em> and consistently higher levels than unvaccinated control group for both <em>Vibrio</em> species from weeks 4–16 (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, lysozyme activity in the oil-adjuvanted vaccine feed group was significantly elevated, with peak values of 80.83 ± 17.03 U/mg in mucus and 204.27 ± 32.27 U/mg in serum at week 4, higher than the non-adjuvanted and unvaccinated groups across the study period (p &lt; 0.05). The oil-adjuvanted oral <em>Vibrio</em> vaccine significantly enhanced IgM antibody levels and lysozyme activity in both serum and mucus of red hybrid tilapia, indicating strong mucosal and systemic immune responses against <em>V. harveyi</em> and <em>V. alginolyticus</em>. The oral delivery and cross-protective effects of this vaccine support its suitability for farm-level vaccination programs, aiming to reduce antibiotic use and enhance fish health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eicosanoid-regulated haemocyte motility mediates the inflammatory response in Mytilus edulis","authors":"Corentine Guilloton,&nbsp;Frank Le Foll,&nbsp;Yosra Ben Cheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mussels, immunity relies on non-specific responses, mediated by haemocytes that leave circulation to infiltrate infected tissues and assault microbes. Whereas the main executive phase of immune defence, i.e. phagocytosis, is well documented, little is known about the first steps of inflammation and related regulation signals. Herein, we explored the involvement of arachidonic acid (AA)-eicosanoids signalling in cellular immune responses <em>in vitro,</em> using blockers of enzymes possibly involved and stimulators of inflammation. As glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory steroids, we have exposed mussel haemocytes to dexamethasone, despite the lack of confirmation of corresponding cytosolic receptor expression in molluscs. Our dataset consolidates previous findings indicating that <em>Mytilus edulis</em> haemocytes in primary culture travel at 2.5 μm min⁻¹ 1 h after plating, in acceleration over time, with a peak at 4.5 μm min⁻¹ after 24 h (15 °C). Hence, we consider that these cells are switched into an inflammatory state when placed in culture. Dexamethasone (100 μM) had no effect on phagocytosis nor ROS production but promoted cell detachment and inhibited migration. These effects were abolished by addition of AA (10 μM) and reproduced by specific inhibitors of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase. Treatment with PMA (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM and 1 μM) also resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of haemocyte velocity while exposure to the calcium ionophore A23187 (0.5 μM), dead bacteria or to their extracellular products speeded up migration. Altogether, our results indicate that <em>M. edulis</em> haemocyte motility is under control by the AA-eicosanoid pathway and that these cells are sensitive to chemokinetic substances altering cell migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil enhances growth, immunity, and intestinal health in channel catfish","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhimou Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Wang ,&nbsp;Junhong Xia ,&nbsp;Guihong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with <em>Litsea cubeba</em> essential oil (LEO) on growth performance, immune function, intestinal health, and microbiota composition in channel catfish (<em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>). An eight-week feeding trial was conducted with 750 fish (60.00 ± 0.50 g) assigned to five diets: 0 (CON), 100 mg/kg (LEO100), 200 mg/kg (LEO200), 400 mg/kg (LEO400), and 800 mg/kg (LEO800). The LEO100 and LEO200 groups showed significant improvements in growth performance, immune response (C3, C4, and ACP levels), and digestive enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and trypsin). Gene expression analysis revealed an upregulation of genes related to intestinal barrier integrity (<em>zo-1</em>, <em>zo-2</em>, and occludin), immunoregulatory cytokines (<em>tgf-β1</em>, <em>tgf-β2</em>, <em>tgf-β3</em>, and <em>il-10</em>), and key transcriptional regulators <em>nf-κb</em> and stat3). Conversely, pro-inflammatory mediators (<em>il-8</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, and <em>tlr5</em>) were significantly downregulated. In the LEO100 and LEO200 groups, the protein expression of TNF-α and NF-κB was elevated. Additionally, intestinal morphology (villus height, muscle thickness, and goblet cell count) and beneficial microbiota (<em>Lactococcus</em> and <em>Plesiomonas</em>) were enhanced in the LEO100 and LEO200 groups. These results demonstrate that dietary supplementation with LEO at 100–200 mg/kg improves growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health in channel catfish, making it a promising natural feed additive for aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate promoted the skin wound healing in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.","authors":"Zhichu Chen ,&nbsp;Jintao Pan ,&nbsp;Guijuan Yu ,&nbsp;Dong Huang ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;M. Ángeles Esteban ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the beneficial effects of dietary sodium butyrate (NaBT) supplementation on skin wound healing in turbot and the potential involvement of the skin microbiota. Turbot were fed either a control diet (CON; commercial diet) or a NaBT-supplemented diet (0.1 % NaBT in commercial diet) for 30 days, with each diet administered in triplicate. Fish were sampled at the end of feeding period and at 1, 3, and 7 day post-wounding (dpw). Digital image analysis revealed that NaBT accelerated the skin wound closure compared to the CON group. Histological analysis demonstrated that NaBT promoted faster re-epithelialization, vacuolization, and muscle tissue degradation, while reducing admixed leucocytes infiltration at the wound sites. Furthermore, NaBT decreased the number of gland cells at the wound sites at 3 and 7 dpw. NaBT also suppressed the inflammation, accelerated localized extracellular matrix cleavage, and enhanced keratinocyte migration and proliferation within the wounds. Concurrently, NaBT elevated the formation of the temporary matrix in the wound bed. Over time, NaBT increased the deposition of both collagenous and non-collagenous constituents and stimulated neovascularization, facilitating the maturation of the newly formed tissue. In addition, NaBT increased the abundance of potential probiotics and butyrate-producing bacteria while suppressing potential pathogens. Dietary NaBT also significantly upregulated the gene expression of the hepcidin antimicrobial peptide in the skin. Tax4Fun analysis indicated that skin microbiomes might mediate the effects of NaBT on wound healing by enhancing the butanoate metabolism and skin immune status, while concurrently inhibiting pathogen invasion and biofilm formation during the healing process. Our findings demonstrate that dietary NaBT supplementation enhanced the skin wound healing in turbot, with the skin microbiota playing important regulatory roles in this process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of P2X3 receptors in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus): P2X3a and P2X3b mediate pro-inflammatory innate immune response","authors":"Zhaosheng Sun ,&nbsp;Qingling Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingshuang Pan ,&nbsp;Yushuai Xie ,&nbsp;Yuxi Cheng ,&nbsp;Chong Xu ,&nbsp;Qian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purinergic receptor P2X3 plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation and immunity upon activation by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In this study, two P2X3 subtypes, <em>Lm</em>P2X3a and <em>Lm</em>P2X3b, were identified in spotted sea bass (<em>Lateolabrax maculatus</em>). Both <em>Lm</em>P2X3a and <em>Lm</em>P2X3b exhibited similar topological structures, conserved genomic organization, and gene synteny with their counterparts. The two genes were constitutively expressed in all tested tissues except the liver and were significantly upregulated in the head kidney, spleen, intestine, and gill after stimulation with <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em>, LPS, and poly (I:C), indicating their roles in the immune response. Further analysis revealed that activation of P2X3a and P2X3b upregulated IL-1β expression, while inhibiting IL-10 expression. Additionally, activated <em>Lm</em>P2X3a and <em>Lm</em>P2X3b promoted NF-κB promoter activity and the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes (p50 or p52). These findings suggests that <em>Lm</em>P2X3a and <em>Lm</em>P2X3b may play a pro-inflammatory role by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, ATP- stimulated <em>Lm</em>P2X3a and <em>Lm</em>P2X3b upregulated the expression of TNF-α, p53, caspase3, caspase6 and caspase7, indicating their involvement in apoptosis. Notably, ATP-activated <em>Lm</em>P2X3a directly triggered apoptosis, whereas no such effect was observed in <em>Lm</em>P2X3b. Taken together, our results demonstrate that P2X3a and P2X3b play critical roles in pro-inflammatory innate immunity in spotted sea bass. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the immune function of P2X3a and P2X3b in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}