Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"SYNLAC prime probiotics enhances growth performance, and resistance of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and Vibrio alginollyticus: Insights into immune and metabolic pathway modulations","authors":"Ann-Chang Cheng ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Tung Chang ,&nbsp;Ting-Yu Lee ,&nbsp;Jin-Seng Lin ,&nbsp;Chun-Hung Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of SYNLAC Prime probiotics on the growth performance, health status, and metabolic profile of white shrimp, <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>. Shrimp fed with the experimental diets, including the control diet without probiotic supplementation, and the diets supplemented with SYNLAC Prime probiotics at concentrations of 10⁵ CFU (g diet)⁻¹ (P5) and 10⁶ CFU (g diet)⁻¹ (P6) for 56 days. Results indicated a significant enhancement in growth performance in probiotic-treated shrimp relative to the control group, attributed to structural improvements in the digestive tract, particularly the increased abundances of B cells in the hepatopancreas. The administration of dietary probiotics markedly reduced the severity of <em>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</em> (EHP) infection and decreased cumulative mortalities following <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> challenge. Shrimp in the P6 group exhibited significant elevations in phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and phagocytic activity compared to control group. Furthermore, there was an upregulation of several immune-related genes in hepatopancreas, including serine protease (SP), prophenoloxidase (proPO) I, proPO II, and penaeidin 3a. Additionally, the expression of β-1, 3-glucan binding protein and SP mRNA was significantly increased in hemocytes. Untargeted metabolomics analysis using LC-MS/MS revealed significant changes in the hepatopancreas metabolic profile, highlighting alterations in energy metabolisms pathways, such as citrate cycle and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, as well as amino acid metabolisms pathways including arginine and proline metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. These findings underscore the potential of SYNLAC Prime probiotics in enhancing shrimp growth, immune function, and metabolic pathways, offering valuable insights for advancing health management strategies in shrimp aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish FKBP5 facilitates apoptosis and SVCV propagation by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway","authors":"Zijia Yin ,&nbsp;Hongying Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Yulong Liu ,&nbsp;Ru Guo ,&nbsp;Pengxia Xu ,&nbsp;Guannan Zhao ,&nbsp;Menglei Hu ,&nbsp;Chengyu Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5), encoded by FKBP5 gene, has been reported as a scaffolding protein in various mammalian pathways related to immunity, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. However, the role of FKBP5 in lower vertebrates remains unknown. In this study, we identified zebrafish FKBP5 (DrFKBP5), an ortholog of mammalian FKBP5, which shows high homology with its counterpart in <em>Anabarilius grahami</em> based on amino acid alignment and phylogenetic analysis. DrFKBP5 was found to express ubiquitously across all tested tissues. Its expression were significantly upregulated in eye, intestine, gill, skin, heart, liver and kidney following SVCV treatment. A similar expression pattern was also observed in EPC and ZFIN cells. DrFKBP5 decreased the promoter activitiy of <em>NF-κB</em> and <em>IL-6</em> rather than <em>IFN I</em>. It also inhibited the expression of inflammatory factor genes such as <em>IL-6</em>, <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>TNF-α</em>. In molecular mechanism, we found that DrFKBP5 interacted with IKKβ (an activator of NF-κB pathway), but not with IKKα or IKKγ, suggesting that DrFKBP5 regulates NF-κB pathway by targeting IKKβ. Then, DrFKBP5 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of IKKβ. Furthermore, it inhibited SVCV-induced nuclear translocation, phosphorylation of p65 and promoted SVCV replication in ZFIN cells. Finally, DrFKBP5 activated the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX, Bcl2, caspase-3 and induced apoptosis under SVCV treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of mutations in carbohydrate binding sites of tandem-repeat type galectin from Takifugu obscurus on its antimicrobial activity","authors":"Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Li-Fan Cui ,&nbsp;Rui Shen ,&nbsp;Ding-Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Min Jin ,&nbsp;Xue Jiao ,&nbsp;Yu-Guang Chen ,&nbsp;Ming-Xuan Pan ,&nbsp;Ya-Dong Hu ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Galectins belong to a family of galactoside-binding proteins and exhibit diverse biological functions. In the present research, a tandem-repeat type galectin (named <em>ToGalectin</em>) was identified from obscure puffer <em>Takifugu obscurus</em>. The 296 amino acids ToGalectin contained two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), one of which possessed two conserved carbohydrate binding motifs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ToGalectin clustered tightly with other galectin-8 proteins from teleost fish. <em>ToGalectin</em> transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined and its expression was significantly upregulated in the liver, kidney, and intestine after <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> or <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infection. To investigate the effect of carbohydrate binding sites on biological activity, ToGalectin and its mutant (MUT-ToGalectin) were expressed and purified. The recombinant ToGalectin and MUT-ToGalectin proteins showed strong agglutinating activity against both <em>V</em>. <em>harveyi</em> and <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em>. rToGalectin could bind to all tested carbohydrates and bacteria, whereas rMUT-ToGalectin bound to some carbohydrates and bacteria with specific and relatively strong affinity. rToGalectin significantly suppressed the growth of all six bacteria detected and promoted bacterial clearance <em>in vivo</em>, whereas MUT-ToGalectin inhibited the growth of only two bacterial species, which could be attributed to the differences in conserved motifs within the CRDs. Our results suggested that ToGalectin is involved in the immune response against bacterial infection and the clearance of pathogens in <em>T. obscurus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of specific yolk antibody against nervous necrosis virus infection in Mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)","authors":"Zengjian Liang ,&nbsp;Yunshang Ning ,&nbsp;Jinqiao Cao ,&nbsp;Shijia Liu ,&nbsp;Xia Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Peng ,&nbsp;Youhua Huang ,&nbsp;Jingguang Wei ,&nbsp;Sumei Xiao ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a member of the Nodavirus genus, is a highly contagious disease that is found all over the world. As of right now, there aren't many reliable commercial vaccines available to combat this infection. In a previous study, we isolated a Mandarin fish (<em>Siniperca chuatsi</em>)-derived NNV strain, tentatively named MFNNV. By immunizing hens with MFNNV recombinant capsid protein (CP), this study produced high-purity anti-MFNNV yolk antibodies. According to the ELISA results, the purified anti-MFNNV IgY titer peaked at week 8 after the first vaccination; western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence results showed that IgY could act as a primary antibody to specifically recognize recombinant CP and virus particles. At the cellular level, specific IgY significantly reduced the appearance of vacuolated cytopathic effect in GS cells after incubation with an equal volume of virus compared with non-specific IgY. Mandarin fish was fed diets supplemented with anti-MFNNV IgY or non-specific IgY at 33 % (w/w) for 7 days prior to artificial infection with MFNNV. On the 14th day of artificial infection with MFNNV, the mortality rate was 53.3 % in the specific group and 83.3 % in the nonspecific group, and the relative protection rate of the specific IgY group was about 36 % compared with that of the nonspecific IgY group. In histopathological analysis, vacuolizing lesions were observed in the brain tissues of Mandarin fish in the non-specific group, whereas only slight vacuolization was observed in the brain tissues of the specific group. Further analysis revealed that compared with the non-specific group, the MFNNV-CP gene expression in the eyes as well as the brain of Mandarin fish in the specific group showed a significant decrease, and the mRNA expression levels of immune-related factors, such as TNF-α, IFN-h, IL-1, IL-8, Mx proteins, and IgM in the spleen, liver, kidney, and hindgut tissues of the specific group also showed a decrease of varying degrees, suggesting that oral administration of specific IgY could neutralize virus and reduce the immune responses as well as tissue pathological damage induced by the Nervous necrosis virus. Consequently, we suggested that IgY could protect Mandarin fish from MFNNV infection by acting as a passive immunological measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 109996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) infection activates the PERK-eIF2α pathway to promote the viral replication","authors":"Zeen Shen ,&nbsp;Yanling Qi ,&nbsp;Wenbin Yu ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Zhuo Liu ,&nbsp;Liuyang Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhu ,&nbsp;Chengliang Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) belongs to the genus Aquareovirus and is responsible for causing serious hemorrhagic disease in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>), characterized by high mortality rates. Numerous animal viruses have been shown to activate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, the potential for GCRV infection to induce ERS and its implications for viral infection remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that GCRV infection induces ERS, activates the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway, and inhibits both the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways within the unfolded protein response (UPR). Additionally, we modulated the levels of ERS and UPR pathways in CIK cells through drug treatment and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Our findings revealed that the onset of ERS accelerated GCRV infection, while the ATF6 and IRE1 pathways within the UPR negatively regulated GCRV infection. Conversely, the PERK pathway facilitated GCRV infection. Furthermore, we showed that GCRV infection induced oxidative stress, with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) being positively regulated by the PERK pathway and the downstream gene endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase-1α (ERO1α). Notably, ROS promoted GCRV infection. Collectively, our findings indicate that GCRV infection activates ERS, which in turn promotes viral infection through the PERK-ERO1α-ROS signaling pathway. Thus, the PERK pathway may serve as a novel antiviral target for the prevention of GCRV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of Siglec14 in facilitating innate defenses in Carassius cuvieri × Carassius auratus red var","authors":"Ye Yang ,&nbsp;Qiongyao Zeng ,&nbsp;Yujun Liu ,&nbsp;Pingyuan Li ,&nbsp;Yiyang Tang ,&nbsp;Zehong Wei ,&nbsp;Zejun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 14 (Siglec14) is a member of the Siglecs family, a group of immune system receptors characterized by their ability to recognize sialic acids, which are a type of carbohydrate commonly found on the surfaces of cells in mammals. However, the role of Siglec14 in the innate immunity of teleosts has not been extensively explored. For this purpose, our study focused on the identification and characterization of a classical Siglec14, designated as WR-Siglec14, derived from the hybrid fish <em>Carassius cuvieri</em> × <em>Carassius auratus</em> red var. Sequence analysis reveals WR-Siglec14 has the considerable homology with Siglec14 orthologs across various species, featuring the conserved immunoglobulin domains. We further investigated the expression patterns of WR-Siglec14 in response to pathogen exposure and observed significant upregulation in key immune-related tissues upon infection with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Additionally, the study demonstrated that WR-Siglec14 enhanced the bactericidal activity and interacted with WR-DAP12. Moreover, we found treatment with WR-Siglec14 maintained higher numbers of goblet cells and mitigated apoptosis in the gut tissue during <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection. WR-Siglec14 also stimulated antimicrobial gene expression and reduced bacterial burdens in the fish, significantly improving survival rates against <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection. These results indicate that WR-Siglec14 plays the critical role in immune defense and gut barrier function against pathogen invasion in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral effects of rhein on largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV)","authors":"Mengmeng Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyang Xue ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Chen Xu ,&nbsp;Nan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuding Fan ,&nbsp;Yan Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV), also known as largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is a highly damaging viral pathogen that causes widespread mortality in cultured largemouth bass and poses a significant threat to the farming industry in China. However, there is a paucity of effective preventive methods for this disease by LMBRaV. Research has established that herbal extracts possess antiviral activity, potentially exerting a controlling effect on viruses in aquaculture. Therefore, the identification of simple and structurally safe herbal extract immunomodulators is critical for largemouth bass health and development. Rhein, an herbal compound, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects in herbal medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the properties and effects of rhein against LMBRaV in epithelioma papilloma cyprinid (EPC) and largemouth bass. <em>In vitro</em> CCK-8 assays were performed to determine the highest safe concentrations. Significantly, 50 mg/L rhein effectively inhibited cytopathic effects (CPE) in EPC induced by LMBRaV, resulting in a 97 % reduction in viral replication rates. Furthermore, a six-point dose-response experiment revealed that rhein doses as low as 6.4 mg/L inhibited LMBRaV and suppressed LMBRaV infection with a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that sustained rhein activity effectively alleviated CPE and nuclear damage caused by LMBRaV infection. Additionally, rhein exerted protective effects against declines in LMBRaV-induced mitochondrial membrane potential. <em>In vivo</em> experiments validated that largemouth bass diets supplemented with 0.075 % rhein exerted a protective effect against LMBRaV infection. Moreover, LMBRaV <em>MCP</em> gene expression levels were lower in several organs of fish in the rhein supplementation group. Immunogene analysis determined that rhein upregulated relevant gene expression levels in multiple organs of largemouth bass, with higher activities observed for the Mx, INF-γ, and IRF3 genes. Histopathological results displayed that a supplemental dosage of 0.075 % rhein significantly mitigated LMBRaV infection-induced pathological damage in the liver, spleen, and kidney. Taken together, these <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> results support the effective use of rhein as a promising candidate for the development of antiviral treatment against LMBRaV infection, highlighting its role in aquatic animal husbandry as a wide-spectrum antiviral and immune response booster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective immune-response of Aeromonas hydrophila phage lysate in crucian carp against direct virulent challenge with A. hydrophila-TPS","authors":"Ruiqi Liang ,&nbsp;Ziyin Cui ,&nbsp;Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza ,&nbsp;Tingxuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Qixing Huang ,&nbsp;Huifang Bai ,&nbsp;Yan Cheng ,&nbsp;Bingmei Du ,&nbsp;Jinhong Li ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Ren ,&nbsp;Yuan Cao ,&nbsp;Ning Liu ,&nbsp;Hind Jaber Althagafi ,&nbsp;Deema Fallatah ,&nbsp;Wuwen Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> was a common opportunistic pathogen that was widely found in various aquatic environment and could cause multiple infections in humans and animals. The haemorrhagic septicemia and bacterial enteritis in fish triggered by this pathogen led to significant losses in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we aimed to develop a phage lysate vaccine by lysing the <em>A. hydrophila</em>-TPS strain using phage PZY-Ah, which was previously isolated and preserved in the laboratory. First, we focused on optimizing phage lysis conditions, including different host bacteria culture time, phage lysis time, and phage to bacterial ratios. The optimal conditions were established as follows: culturing the <em>A. hydrophila</em>-TPS strain for 6 h, adding phage at a ratio of 1:10, and mixing for 4 h, which resulted in maximum lysis of the host bacteria. Subsequently, we assessed the immune responses of groups receiving formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines compared to those receiving various concentrations of the phage lysate vaccine. Both the TPS-phage lysate and formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine groups exhibited increased levels of specific immune enzymes (ACP, AKP, LZM, SOD, CAT) and cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in serum, as well as enhanced humoral immunity (IgM, C3 and C4) in crucian carp. Furthermore, challenge tests conducted post-immunization demonstrated that the high concentration of the TPS strain-lysate vaccine group (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) achieved the highest immune protection rate at 88.89 %. Overall, the development of the TPS-phage lysate vaccine significantly enhanced the immunity of crucian carp, providing a higher level of protection and establishing a foundation for the research and development of phage-based aquatic vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of an autogenous vaccine to prevent motile Aeromonas septicaemia in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) formulated by using DNA fingerprints for bacterial inclusion","authors":"Le Minh Khoi ,&nbsp;Vera Irene Erickson ,&nbsp;Tu Thanh Dung","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many <em>Aeromonas</em> species are infecting striped catfish in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenous vaccines developed by analysing the genetic diversity through DNA fingerprint analysis. A total of 38 <em>Aeromonas</em> strains isolated from 2017 to 2022 were analysed for phenotypic differences using the repetitive element sequence PCR (rep-PCR) with the (GTG)₅ single-primer. The vaccines were water-in-oil emulsion whole-cell inactivated with two monovalent vaccines containing antigens of <em>Aeromonas</em> VH31 (VC-VH31), or <em>Aeromonas</em> VH74 (VC-VH74) and a bivalent vaccine with both <em>Aeromonas</em> VH31 and VH74 (VC-VH31/74). The experiment lasted for 60 days in water at 28 °C and was performed in triplicates. Blood samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 day post vaccination (dpv) to collect the serum. The challenge infection was performed as a co-infection immersion challenge of two homologous strains of <em>Aeromonas</em> VH31 and <em>Aeromonas</em> VH74 at dose LD₆₀ value 0,55 × 10⁷ cfu/mL and 0,47 × 10⁸ cfu/mL, respectively. The highest relative percent of survival (RPS) of the VC-VH31/74 bivalent vaccine was 100 % and the fish displayed no clinical signs of disease. At 30 dpv, the concentration of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was highest in the group receiving the dual vaccine. Additionally, the results showed that the difference between the vaccines was significant when ELISA analysis of IgM-specific antibodies in serum, and the result was highest in VC-VH31/74 bivalent vaccine after 30 days (p &lt; 0.05) and remained stable until 60 dpv. The vaccine showed good immunogenicity and high protective efficacy against <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. in catfish. Thereby demonstrating the potential of <em>Aeromonas</em> autogenous vaccine use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312 adjuvant on the innate and adaptive immune responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae through immersion vaccination","authors":"Piyachat Phudinsai ,&nbsp;Eakapol Wangkahart","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> is a common pathogenic bacterium caused of streptococcosis, which has a negative impact on Nile tilapia aquaculture. Numerous vaccines have been developed recently to combat this disease, which are key components of global health efforts to prevent disease outbreaks. MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312 is a micro-emulsion recommended for immersion of fish. However, the data on the effectiveness of those immersion vaccines containing this aqueous adjuvant in fish are limited. The objective of this research was to explore the potential of MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312, an adjuvant for immersion vaccination, administered with an <em>S. agalactiae</em> inactivated whole-cell vaccine (SAIV) in Nile tilapia. Fish were separated into three groups: 1) fish were vaccinated by immersion vaccination with PBS (CTRL), 2) fish were vaccinated by immersion vaccination with SAIV vaccine alone (SAIV), and 3) fish were vaccinated by immersion vaccination with SAIV containing MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312. We found that the activity of several innate immunity parameters was increased significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) following the immunization. As expected, the levels of specific IgM antibody were significantly increased post-vaccination, and the highest IgM antibody levels were found in the fish vaccinated with SAIV containing MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312. Analysis of the transcriptional expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the presence of IgM⁺ B cells, revealed significant increases, suggesting that Nile tilapia were able to initiate cellular immune responses following vaccination. Taken together, our results indicate that using MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312 in combination with a SAIV can induce strong protection post <em>S. agalactiae</em> infection. Importantly, administration of an adjuvanted immersion vaccine is safe, no side effects were observed, and it does not negatively impact fish growth. In conclusion, MONTANIDE™ IMS 1312 has the potential to be used as adjuvants for immersion vaccines against streptococcosis in Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 110012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}