Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Hepatopancreatic and intestinal inflammation is induced by lipopolysaccharide from Microcystis in common carp via the TLRs/NF-κB pathway","authors":"Yanzhe Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaolu Gao ,&nbsp;Mengya Lou ,&nbsp;Junguo Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During cyanobacterial bloom outbreaks in natural water bodies, large quantities of cyanobacterial metabolites can pose a serious threat to fish survival and health. However, the effects and mechanism of action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from cyanobacteria on fish are yet unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the main chemical characterization of LPS isolated from the bloom-forming cyanobacterium <em>Microcystis</em> and to reveal the response and mechanism of the immune-related hepatopancreas and intestine tissues of common carp following oral exposure to LPS from <em>Microcystis</em> at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The results of biochemical assays revealed that LPS from <em>Microcystis</em> caused elevated transaminase activity and increased levels of inflammatory factors in fish serum and upregulated the mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in the hepatopancreas and intestine of common carp, suggesting that LPS induced an inflammatory response in the fish hepatopancreas and intestine. This was confirmed by histopathological examination, in which pathological damage to the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tracts was observed, and the intestinal permeability was altered. In addition, biochemical and molecular examination indicated that LPS might be recognized by TLRs and subsequently activate the NF-κB signaling pathway through MyD88, leading to the activation of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and subsequently, thereby inducing and amplifying the inflammatory response. These results suggest that the inflammatory response induced by LPS may be mediated by the TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. This study might be beneficial for preventing <em>Microcystis</em> LPS-induced inflammation in common carp during cyanobacterial blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myricetin, as a potential new antiviral agent against Rana grylio ranavirus (RGRV)","authors":"Kun Peng ,&nbsp;Silu Tian ,&nbsp;Le Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Yuan ,&nbsp;Mingqi Ai ,&nbsp;Qibin Jiang ,&nbsp;Keyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Ping Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Huang ,&nbsp;Defang Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ranaviruses are extremely lethal viruses that pose a significant threat to aquaculture. Therefore, developing therapeutic strategies is essential for controlling these viruses. Utilizing herbal bioactive ingredients for the prevention and management of aquatic diseases shows great promise. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of four flavonoids against a Ranavirus (RGRV). The results indicated that myricetin (MYR), luteolin (LUT), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and rutin (RUT) exhibited anti-RGRV activity <em>in vitro</em>. Among these, MYR demonstrated the most potent antiviral activity, which was found to be dose-dependent. Subsequently, we discovered that MYR inhibited all stages of RGRV infection, particularly the early stage of viral replication, by down-regulating the expression of immediate-early genes and delayed-early genes. Furthermore, MYR enhanced host cell immunity and reduced inflammation by up-regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. The <em>in vivo</em> challenge assay showed that MYR significantly reduced the mortality rate of the pig frog (<em>Rana grylio</em>) infected with RGRV. In summary, MYR demonstrated excellent anti-RGRV activity and held considerable promise for development in aquaculture. Our investigation provided the basis for promoting the development of anti-Ranaviruses agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black carp STAT2 enhances IRF3-mediated antiviral signaling by regulating its ubiquitination and improving its nuclear translocation","authors":"Yiru Huang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jinyi Li ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Ji Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Wu ,&nbsp;Yong'an Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a critical transcription factor involved in inducing IFN production. However, the regulatory mechanisms of piscine IRF3 remain inadequately explored. Here, we report that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) of black carp (<em>Mylopharyngodon piceus</em>) functions as a positive regulator in the black carp IRF3 (bcIRF3)-mediated IFN signaling pathway. Knockdown of <em>bcSTAT2 in vivo</em> facilitates viral replications, and the mRNA levels of <em>bcSTAT2</em> gene increase after IFN stimulation in host cells. Additionally, overexpression of bcSTAT2 promotes the activation of interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) <em>ex vivo</em>. Co-immunoprecipitation assays identify the interaction between bcSTAT2 and bcIRF3, and both molecules exhibit similar subcellular distributions in immunofluorescent staining assay. When co-expressed, bcSTAT2 improves the protein level of bcIRF3, and enhances the bcIRF3-mediated IFN production and antiviral capabilities. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that bcSTAT2 significantly enhances the nuclear translocation of bcIRF3. Besides, bcSTAT2 enhances K29-linked ubiquitination, while reduces K33- and K48-linked ubiquitination of bcIRF3. Taken together, our data concludes that bcSTAT2 positively regulates bcIRF3-mediated antiviral activity by regulating its ubiquitination and facilitating its nuclear translocation, which has shed a light on the regulation of IFN signaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lvvibriocin-GK effectively reduced skin ulcer syndrome of Apostichopus japonicus by eliminating surface bacteria, modulating gut microbiota, and enhancing host immune responses","authors":"Hang Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Peng ,&nbsp;Xiao Hong ,&nbsp;Fangyi Chen ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuqiao Gao ,&nbsp;Yujun Xu ,&nbsp;Hua Hao ,&nbsp;Ke-Jian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110494","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is a major threat to the aquaculture of &lt;em&gt;Apostichopus japonicus&lt;/em&gt;, particularly in southern China, where it has shown high mortality rates and infectious potential. Traditional antibiotic treatments often lead to challenges such as antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are vital elements of innate immunity, represent a promising alternative for treating SUS. In the study, a novel AMP named Lvvibriocin-GK identified in &lt;em&gt;Litopenaeus vannamei&lt;/em&gt; was found to have a strong antibacterial activity against multiple &lt;em&gt;Vibrio&lt;/em&gt; species that possibly cause SUS. Through constructing a &lt;em&gt;Vibrio harveyi&lt;/em&gt;-induced SUS model, we evaluated the efficacy of a 7-day Lvvibriocin-GK immersion treatment to SUS. Compared to doxycycline hydrochloride at the same concentration, Lvvibriocin-GK treatments could have ulcer area and numbers reduced, mortality decreased, the DAI index significantly lowered, as well as intestinal inflammatory cell infiltration decreased but no significant effect on body weight. The therapeutic effects of Lvvibriocin-GK were accompanied by significantly enhancing the activities of trypsin, lysozyme, T-NOS, and T-SOD and reducing &lt;em&gt;Vibrio harveyi&lt;/em&gt; load in tissues. qPCR results indicated that Lvvibriocin-GK upregulated the expression of intestinal barrier proteins &lt;em&gt;ZO-1&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Occludin&lt;/em&gt;, and downregulated pro-inflammatory factors such as &lt;em&gt;IL17&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;p105&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;NLRP3&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Rel&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Stat5&lt;/em&gt;. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the beneficial effects of Lvvibriocin-GK might be linked to favorable changes in &lt;em&gt;A. japonicus&lt;/em&gt; ‘s gut microbiota, including increased microbial diversity, enhanced abundance of potential probiotics (&lt;em&gt;Rhodobacteraceae&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Serratia liquefaciens&lt;/em&gt;), and reduced the abundance of opportunistic pathogens (&lt;em&gt;Acinetobacter&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Bacteroides vulgatus&lt;/em&gt;). These changes resulted in a more complex microbial network and improved immune-associated functions, particularly through pathways such as NF-κB signaling. Mantel tests indicated stronger correlations between Lvvibriocin-GK-treated gut microbiota and disease phenotypes (gut pathology), enzymatic activities (lipase, lysozyme, T-NOS, T-SOD), intestinal barrier markers (&lt;em&gt;Occludin&lt;/em&gt;), and immune-related genes (&lt;em&gt;Stat5&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Rel&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;FoxP&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;VEGF&lt;/em&gt;). Taken together, this study proposes a novel, environmentally friendly AMP immersion treatment for severe cases of SUS. The therapeutic effects are closely to effectively eliminate pathogens, modulate the gut microbiota and enhance host immunity. A comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and mechanisms of AMP treatment in &lt;em&gt;A. japonicus&lt;/em&gt; SUS will contribute to assessing its advantages and potential applications as an antibiotic alternative, promoting &lt;em&gt;A. japonicus&lt;/em&gt; health and improving aquaculture practices.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N6-methyladenosine-dependent upregulation of lnc-28509 increases apoptosis and suppresses bacterial infection in sea cucumber","authors":"Siyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng Huang ,&nbsp;Yina Shao ,&nbsp;Chenghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) as well as m6A (N6-methyladenosine) modification have been found to play important roles during pathogens infection induced innate immune response. However, the relationship between the lncRNAs and m6A modification remains unclear. Here, we show that the lncRNA (lnc-28509) from sea cucumber <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> was significantly induced in response to <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> infection. Knockdown of lnc-28509 inhibits the apoptosis of coelomocytes in sea cucumber and the elimination of <em>Vibrio splendidus</em>. In addition, m6A is highly enriched on lnc-28509 transcripts modified by methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) upon <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> infection and the METTL3 mediated m6A modification increased lnc-28509 expression through suppressing the decay of lnc-28509. Meanwhile, dual-luciferase reporter assay results revealed that lnc-28509 functions as a miRNA sponge of miR-2012, and miR-2012 inhibits the coelomocytes apoptosis via targeting apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIF-1) directly. The results suggested that lnc-28509 regulates apoptosis through sponging miR-2012 and promoting the accumulation of AIF-1. The unique m6A-dependent lncRNA-miRNA interaction can maintain the anti-bacterial role of lnc-28509. Collectively, these data highlight the critical role of m6A modification in the invertebrate lncRNA and reveal a previously unknown mechanism through which lncRNA-dependent cell apoptotic controlled bacterial infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYLD suppresses LPS-induced inflammation through RIP1 deubiquitination in rainbow trout","authors":"Ju Hye Jang ,&nbsp;Ha Rang Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Ju Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) negatively regulates the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by removing ubiquitin from upstream regulatory elements in the TLR pathway. Although the regulatory mechanisms of mammalian CYLD are well-characterized, its function in TLR signaling pathways in fish is still largely unexplored. Herein, we investigated the function of CYLD in modulating the TLR response in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>). LPS stimulation induced the expression of OmCYLD in RTH-149 cells. Using approaches to increase or decrease gene function, we demonstrated that OmCYLD inhibits MAPK and NF-κB activation and reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RTH-149 cells. OmCYLD interacted with RIP1, a critical regulator of TLR-mediated NF-κB signaling, via its third CAP-Gly domain and USP domain, independently of its deubiquitinating activity. LPS stimulation led to increased polyubiquitination of RIP1 in RTH-149 cells, which was suppressed by OmCYLD overexpression. Moreover, mutation of the USP domain impaired the deubiquitination of polyubiquitinated RIP1, confirming that the USP domain is essential for its deubiquitinating activity. These results suggest that, similar to mammals, OmCYLD regulates LPS-induced inflammation in rainbow trout, probably by modulating the ubiquitination status of RIP1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of starvation on the gut microbiota and intestine in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) against Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) infection","authors":"Gao-peng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuo-cong Li ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Shun Li ,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral infections cause substantial economic losses in aquaculture, particularly in intensive aquaculture conditions. While short-term starvation naturally occurs in wild fish and post-infection scenarios, the impact of starvation on gut microbiota and the effect on the host's intestinal tissue after viral infection remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of starvation on gut microbial and intestinal tissue damage in <em>Carassius gibelio</em> (gibel carp) caused by <em>C</em><em>yprinid herpesvirus-2</em> (CyHV-2) infection. Short-term starvation reduced gut microbiota diversity and induced distinct separation from the dietary state in healthy. Starvation increased <em>Cetobacterium</em> abundance and persisted post-infection while suppressing opportunistic pathogens such as <em>Aeromonas</em>, and maintained intestinal tissue integrity after CyHV-2 infection. Microbial correction network based on spearman correlation index revealed CyHV-2 infection increased microbiota complexity, whereas neutral modeling indicated short-term starvation moderated viral-induced deterministic shifts in microbial assembly process. Microbial community function demonstrated altered microbial metabolic profiles, including amino acid metabolism and chemotactic activity, under starvation and infection. We systematically characterize starvation on gut microbiota and find the protective effect of intestinal tissue after CyHV-2 infection. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the gut microbiota composition of gibel carp after starvation in healthy and CyHV-2 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of an innovative Flavobacterium oreochromis antigen-encapsulated hydrogel bead for enhancing oral vaccine delivery in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)","authors":"Patcharapong Thangsunan ,&nbsp;Pattanapong Thangsunan ,&nbsp;Thanisorn Mahatnirunkul ,&nbsp;Wararut Buncharoen ,&nbsp;Kanokporn Saenphet ,&nbsp;Supap Saenphet ,&nbsp;Jitraporn Phaksopa ,&nbsp;Kim D. Thompson ,&nbsp;Prapansak Srisapoome ,&nbsp;Benchawan Kumwan ,&nbsp;Pakapon Meachasompop ,&nbsp;Nuttee Suree ,&nbsp;Anurak Uchuwittayakul","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional oral vaccines often face several challenges, such as antigen degradation and poor immune activation due to harsh gastrointestinal conditions. To address this, an effective oral vaccine was developed using hydrogel beads made of sodium alginate (SA), calcium bentonite (BN), and chitosan (CS) to generate microspheres that can encapsulate <em>F. oreochromis (Fo)</em> cells as an oral vaccine (SA/BN/CS hydrogel <em>Fo</em>-OV) for hybrid red tilapia. This study demonstrates that oral administration of a <em>Fo</em>-encapsulated hydrogel bead vaccine (<em>Fo-</em>OV hydrogel) can effectively protect the antigen from gastric degradation and release it to fish intestine, as indicated by <em>in vitro</em> studies showing color and structural changes under different pH conditions, allowing the controlled antigen release. This led to significant enhancements in both systemically and predominantly mucosal immune responses in hybrid red tilapia (<em>Oreochromis</em> spp.) after 14 and 28 days post consecutive 7-day vaccination. The vaccine increased the specific IgM antibody to <em>F. oreochromis</em> in serum and mucosal tissues, and increased the expression of immunoglobulin repertoire genes, <em>IgM</em>, <em>IgT</em>, and <em>IgD</em> in mucosal tissues, indicating activation of the fish immune system. Histological examinations revealed the beneficial changes in the intestinal mucosa by increasing the thickness of lamina propria and causing an increasing number of Goblet cells without any pathological abnormalities in the liver or intestines. Moreover, the <em>Fo</em>-OV hydrogel group showed significantly higher survival rates after the challenge with <em>F. oreochromis</em> than control groups and traditional formalin-killed <em>Fo</em> vaccine. These findings suggest that the hydrogel formulation can protect the antigen from degradation and enhance their uptake by mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs), leading to stronger and more specific immune responses. The outcome of this research could be an invaluable tool as the potential application of hydrogel-based vaccines in aquaculture to improve fish health and disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ClavF derived from Clavanins as a promising candidate for fighting infections from multiple-drug resistance Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"Zhihao Peng ,&nbsp;Chao Wei ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Minzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Hongquan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Zou ,&nbsp;Jinjun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antimicrobial peptide ClavF was designed based on the natural antimicrobial peptide Clavanins, derived from the hemocytes of the stalked ascidian, using the amino acid substitution method. The antimicrobial activity of ClavF was tested against various multiple-drug resistance (MDR) pathogenic bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Salmonella pullorum</em>), with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 2 μM and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em> kidney (CIK) cells is 50 μM. Its bactericidal mechanism against <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> primarily involves disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to leakage of cellular contents. In the infected grass carps by MDR <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em>, treatment with 100 μL of ClavF (200 μM) significantly increased the survival rate of infected fish, reduced spleen and intestinal damage, and effectively alleviated systemic inflammation caused by the infection. ClavF regulates the dynamic balance of inflammatory factors in key immune organs, such as the spleen and intestine, by significantly inhibiting the overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors like IL-1β and TNF-α during the early stages of infection. These results indicate that ClavF exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potent lead molecule for enhancing the comprehensive prevention and control of bacterial diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune response and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic (SCFP)","authors":"Nguyen Thi Bien Thuy ,&nbsp;Victor Nsereko ,&nbsp;Jarin Sawanboonchun ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tran Van Tuan ,&nbsp;Dang Thi Lua","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postbiotics are used in animal husbandry as dietary supplements that function as immunostimulants by activating blood cell signaling pathways, thereby inducing a heightened immune response and contributing to host protection. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> fermentation-derived postbiotic (SCFP) on the survival rate, histopathological features, and immune responses of whiteleg shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) following challenge with <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> strain CED12.020. The experiment was conducted using three different treatment groups: (S3) shrimp fed a diet supplemented with 0.45 % SCFP for 45 days, followed by bacterial challenge; (PC) shrimp fed a non-supplemented diet for 45 days, followed by bacterial challenge; and (NC) shrimp fed a non-supplemented diet without bacterial challenge. The results demonstrated that immune parameters, including hemocyte count (THC), granulocyte count (GC), hyalinocyte count (HC), phenoloxidase activity (PO), respiratory burst activity (RES), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), were significantly higher in the S3 group compared to the PC and NC groups at all time points (0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days) following challenge with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> (p &lt; 0.05). The immune response of shrimp declined after 12 h, reaching the lowest point at 48 h post-infection, after which it gradually recovered and increased. The survival rate of shrimp in the S3 group after 15 days of bacterial challenge was significantly higher (82.15 %) compared to the PC group (45.94 %) (p &lt; 0.05). These findings provide strong evidence that dietary supplementation with 0.45 % SCFP enhances the immune response and disease resistance of whiteleg shrimp against the pathogenic bacterium <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 110484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}