Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Spontaneous development and characterization of an endothelial-like cell line from mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi.","authors":"Jiaming Chen, Zhong Mi, Wenfeng Zhang, Panpan Luo, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He, Chuanfu Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of genus Megalocytivirus within Iridoviridae family, stands as a leading causative agent of viral diseases in diverse teleost fish globally. Previous study has demonstrated that lymphatic endothelial cells exhibit specific adhesion to virus-mock basement membranes (VMBMs) formed outside ISKNV-infected cells, underscoring the critical role of this interaction in the ISKNV infection process. However, the lack of a dedicated endothelial cell line has significantly hindered in vitro investigations into ISKNV pathogenesis. Here, we developed and characterized an endothelial-like cell line, designated as MEC, derived from the heart tissue of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). The MEC cell line has been stably sub-cultured for over 80 passages and displays typical endothelial-like features, including a classical polygonal \"pavement-like\" morphology, the ability to form tube structures in vitro, and robust phagocytic activity toward latex beads. Susceptibility assays, including cytopathic effect observation, fluorescent tracing of GFP-labeled ISKNV, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirmed efficient replication of ISKNV in MEC cells. Temporal gene expression analysis revealed that ISKNV dynamically modulates the transcription of host genes involved in viral invasion, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, antiviral genes, immune pathway-associated genes, interferon regulatory factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how ISKNV subverts host immunity through endothelial cell attachment. Collectively, the MEC cell line establishes a valuable in vitro model for dissecting the role of endothelial cells in Megalocytivirus infection and advancing our understanding of immune regulation in mandarin fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron-chelating and antioxidant synthetic peptides: Modulating salmon immunity and growth.","authors":"Yannick Pombett, Byron Morales-Lange, Sérgio D C Rocha, Fanny Guzmán, Tanya Román, Felipe Ramírez-Cepeda, Jurij Wacyk, Gabriela Carril, Margareth Øverland, Luis Mercado","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chilean salmon farming still suffers from high mortality rates due to Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS) caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis genogroups (LF-89 and EM-90). To modulate fish immunity against bacterial pathogens (without compromising host growth), we investigated the bioactive properties (e.g., iron-chelating or antioxidant activity) of sixteen peptides that were pre-selected from public databases and chemically synthesized following an Fmoc strategy. Then, prior to a four-week small-scale experiment with pre-smolts Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), two synthetic peptides were chosen based on DPPH-radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance, antioxidant or iron-chelating function, as well as the modulation of immune-related biomarkers (e.g., ifny, nlrc3, il1b) in RTS11 cells or head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Peptides (p4426: antioxidant; p4429: iron-chelating) were microencapsulated and added (at 150 μg kg^-1) into a commercial-like diet (CD) to produce three other experimental feeds (AD: antioxidant, ID: iron-chelating, AID: p4426 and p4429 at equal concentration). After four weeks of feeding, data showed that fish's body weight and length increased with ID and AID diets (compared to CD), while ID also increased the number of red blood cells (per mL). Furthermore, HKLs (from fish fed synthetic peptides) stimulated with protein extracts of P. salmonis genogroups (LF-89, EM-90 or a mixture of both) modulated (compared to CD group) innate immune biomarkers such as chemokine il8 and effector molecules (i.e., arg1, sod1). Therefore, the use of microencapsulated peptides with iron-chelating or antioxidant activities should be explored as potential feed additives to strengthen host immunity against P. salmonis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of MDM2 binding protein (MTBP) in response to apoptosis in Litopenaeus vannamei under ammonia and nitrite nitrogen stress","authors":"Xiaoxun Zhou,&nbsp;Yongkang Hou,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yexin Lei,&nbsp;Jianyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MDM2 binding protein (MTBP) is a protein that interacts directly with MDM2. This study characterized the <em>LvMTBP</em>, revealing a 2752 bp cDNA sequence encoding an 834-amino acid hydrophilic protein with conserved MTBP_N and MTBP_C domains. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated close evolutionary relationships with <em>Penaeus</em> species. <em>LvMTBP</em> exhibited ubiquitous tissue expression, with highest levels in muscle. Under ammonia and nitrite nitrogen stress, <em>LvMTBP</em> expression was downregulated in gills and muscle. RNAi experiments showed that <em>LvMTBP</em> knockdown dramatically reduced shrimp survival rates under both stress conditions. Histopathological examination revealed severe tissue damage in hepatopancreas and gills following <em>LvMTBP</em> silencing. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that <em>LvMTBP</em> depletion activated the p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, evidenced by upregulated Bax, p53, and Caspase 9 expression, downregulated Bcl-2 and MDM2, and increased Caspase-3 activity. Apoptosis assays confirmed higher apoptotic indices in <em>LvMTBP</em>-knockdown groups. Complementary experiments in HEK293T cells showed MTBP overexpression reduced apoptosis rates, supporting its anti-apoptotic function. These findings establish <em>LvMTBP</em> as a crucial regulator of environmental stress responses in <em>L. vannamei</em>, functioning through modulation of the p53-MDM2 axis and apoptosis pathways. The study provides newly identified insights into crustacean stress adaptation mechanisms and suggests <em>LvMTBP</em> as a potential molecular target for improving shrimp tolerance in aquaculture systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collectin-11(CcCL-11) with broad microbe binding and agglutination activities participates in antibacterial innate immunity of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus).","authors":"Li Wang, Yuanyuan Hu, Ziyan Zhang, Nan Wang, Chengfei Li, Limin Chao, Liming Zhao, Guangwen Chen, Xianghui Kong, Jinyou Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a multifunctional lectin that binds carbohydrates on pathogens and inhibits infection through direct neutralization, agglutination, opsonization and killing pathogens, playing an important role in innate immunity. In the present study, a homolog of collectin-11 (CL-11), designated as CcCL-11, was identified and functionally characterized from Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). Its expression profile and agglutination activity were systematically analyzed. The full-length cDNA of CcCL-11 was 834 bp and it contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 831 bp that encoded 277 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of CcCL-11 contains signal peptide, collagen-like region (CLR), α-helical neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Tissue expression profiling analysis showed that CcCL-11 was ubiquitously distributed in the tested tissues and was highly expressed in the liver. Furthermore, CcCL-11 expression was significantly upregulated in the liver and intestine after challenge with a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) and a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen (Aeromonas hydrophila). The recombinant CcCL-11 (rCcCL-11) is able to agglutinate and bind to Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and it possessed haemagglutination activity against C. carpio erythrocytes. In addition, rCcCL-11 showed concentration-dependent binding to major bacterial cell wall components such as lipopolysaccharide (‌LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN). Competition ELISA analysis showed that certain concentrations of carbohydrates can inhibit the binding of rCcCL-11 to bacteria. These findings confirm the biological activity of CcCL-11 and suggest that it plays an important role in pattern recognition. In vivo experiments demonstrated that rCcCL-11 could promote the clearance of A. hydrophila in the liver, kidney, and spleen of C. carpio, and enhance the survival rate of the fish. In summary, the results of this study indicate that CcCL-11 has obvious agglutination and binding effects on pathogenic bacteria and may serve as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to participate in the natural immune response of C. carpio against bacterial infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropeptide F (NPF) regulates the hepatopancreatic antimicrobial innate immune system by affecting the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Procambarus clarkii.","authors":"Jing Wen, Mingyue Tan, Shuyao Liu, Xiuli Shen, Zhiqiang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropeptide F (NPF), a key component of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system, is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral immune cells and is involved in various physiological processes. In this study, the role of NPF in the NEI system of Procambarus clarkii was investigated, with a specific focus on its regulatory functions in innate immunity. We found that Pc-NPF is expressed in multiple tissues of P. clarkii, including hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, intestine, heart, and muscle, with higher expression levels in the hepatopancreas. Upon bacterial challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Edwardsiella ictaluri, Pc-NPF expression levels were significantly increased, indicating its involvement in immune responses. Using RNA interference (RNAi) to knock down Pc-NPF, we observed reduced bacterial clearance and significantly decreased survival rates of P. clarkii, highlighting the critical role of Pc-NPF in defending against bacterial infections. Further investigation revealed that Pc-NPF knockdown inhibited the expression of key genes in the Toll and Imd signaling pathways, including receptor genes (Pc-toll 1 and Pc-toll 3), transcription factor genes (Pc-dorsal, Pc-relish 2, and Pc-relish 3), and antimicrobial peptide genes (Pc-crustin 1, Pc-crustin 2, Pc-ALF 1, etc.). These findings suggest that Pc-NPF regulates innate immune responses through the Toll and Imd pathways, providing new insights into the NEI system of P. clarkii and offering a theoretical basis for disease control and the development of immune strategies involving P. clarkii.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary sanguinarine enhances disease resistance to Aeromonas dhakensis in largemouth (Micropterus salmoides).","authors":"Zhibin Wu, Kailong Yan, Jing Li, Zhongyu Zhang, Yang He, Erlong Wang, Gaoxue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal medicines offer a natural and safe alternative to antibiotics, functioning as immunostimulants to enhance immune responses, growth performance, and disease resistance in aquaculture species. This study investigated the efficacy of dietary sanguinarine (SA), a quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid, in augmenting immunity and protecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) against Aeromonas dhakensis infection. In vitro assays determined the potent antibacterial activity of SA against A. dhakensis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 10 μg/mL Time-kill curve analysis further confirmed SA's concentration- and time-dependent bactericidal effects. For the in vivo study, fish were fed diets supplemented with SA at three concentrations: 10 mg/kg (Diet A, low), 30 mg/kg (Diet B, medium), and 50 mg/kg (Diet C, high) for 7 days prior to intraperitoneal challenge with A. dhakensis (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL). Serum analysis revealed significant enhancements (P < 0.05) in innate immune parameters in SA-fed groups compared with the control group (0 mg/kg SA). Specifically, fish receiving Diets B and C exhibited significantly elevated glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Serum acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities were also significantly increased, particularly in the Diet C group. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of spleen tissue demonstrated that dietary SA significantly upregulated the expression of key immune-related genes (TGF-β, IL-10, MYD88, TNF-α, TLR2, IgM) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dietary SA supplementation significantly reduced bacterial load within the liver tissue post-challenge. Crucially, challenge tests demonstrated a pronounced dose-dependent increase in survival: survival rates were 55 %, 75 %, and 90 % in the Diet A, Diet B, and Diet C groups as compared with the control group (45 %). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SA is an effective dietary immunostimulant for largemouth bass. It significantly enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses, improves antioxidant capacity, and confers substantial dose-dependent protection against A. dhakensis infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CC25-like from Cromileptes altivelis (CaCC25-like) promotes antimicrobial immunity defense through chemotactic and direct antibacterial activity.","authors":"Hehe Du, Yajing Xiang, Jingwen Zheng, Guisen Chen, Panpan Zhang, Jingqun Ao, Yongcan Zhou, Yun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), a high-value marine species, encounters substantial challenges in aquaculture due to frequent disease outbreaks and elevated mortality rates. Chemokines, which serve as pivotal mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity, play an essential role in orchestrating leukocyte migration and pathogen clearance. However, their functional roles remain poorly characterized compared to those in mammals. In this study, we identified a CC25-like gene in C. altivelis (CaCC25-like) and investigated its immune-related functions. The CaCC25-like encodes a 96-amino-acid protein that contains a conserved SCY domain and NCCL motif, showing high homology to teleost CC25 orthologs (42.45 %-97.92 %) but low similarity to mammalian CC25 (<25 %). Under normal physiological conditions, CaCC25-like was ubiquitously expressed, with the highest expression levels in the liver. Following challenge with Vibrio harveyi, its expression was significantly upregulated in both the spleen and head kidney. Recombinant CaCC25-like protein (rCaCC25-like) induced dose-dependent chemotactic activity and proliferation of head kidney lymphocytes. Furthermore, rCaCC25-like exhibited direct antibacterial activity against V. harveyi, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli, reducing their survival rates by 19.83 %-79.57 %. Overexpression of CaCC25-like in vivo decreased bacterial colonization in immune tissues by 16.07 %-78.11 %, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of CaCC25-like increased pathogen loads by up to 6.59-fold. These findings demonstrate CaCC25-like as a multifunctional immune effector that enhances leukocyte recruitment, proliferation, and microbial clearance in humpback grouper. This study not only deepens the understanding of teleost chemokine biology, but also provides a solid foundation for developing immunomodulatory strategies aimed at improving disease resistance in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of a molluscan executioner caspase in apoptosis and innate immunity.","authors":"Jie Cui, Zihao Zhang, Zhaoxi Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Haikun Zhang, Yifan Qu, Guoqing Yu, Yaqiong Liu, Yijing Han, Baoyu Huang, Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) is an economically important mollusk widely cultivated in marine aquaculture worldwide. However, the substantial threat posed by diseases to the scallop aquaculture industry necessitates an urgent investigation into innate immunity mechanisms, including apoptosis, in C. farreri. In this study, the scallop executioner caspase gene, Cf-caspase-3/7, was successfully cloned and its functional characteristics were explored. The results demonstrated that Cf-caspase-3/7 encodes 343 amino acids and contains the highly conserved caspase catalytic domain. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Cf-caspase-3/7 belongs to the molluscan executioner caspase family. The basic expression patterns analysis showed that Cf-caspase-3/7 is present in all scallop tissues, with the highest expression detected in the gonadal tissue. The Cf-caspase-3/7 protein was primarily found within the cytoplasmic compartment. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of Cf-caspase-3/7 in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including poly (I:C), peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide, as well as its dose-dependent activation of the reporter genes for NF-κB and IFNβ, points to a possible function in regulating the scallops' innate immune response. HEK293T cells showed significant apoptotic characteristics and substantially elevated caspase-3 activity after transfection with the Cf-caspase-3/7 protein expression plasmid, highlighting the ability of Cf-caspase-3/7 to trigger apoptosis. In summary, these results provide a theoretical foundation for breeding disease-resistant scallops in aquaculture and deepen our knowledge of the functional significance of caspase genes in mollusks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary Scote pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzymes, immunological and antioxidant responses to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).","authors":"Morteza Yousefi, Hossein Adineh, Evgeny Vladimirovich Kulikov, Arfenya Semenovna Karamyan, Pavel Anatolyevich Rudenko, Nadezhda Sachivkina, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil (EO) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immunological and antioxidant parameters, and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Over a 60-day period, fish were fed diets supplemented with graded levels of EO: 0 mg/kg (control; CTL), 100 mg/kg (100EO), 200 mg/kg (200EO), and 400 mg/kg (400EO), followed by an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. At the end of the rearing period, significant improvements were observed in growth performance, feed efficiency, digestive enzymes' activity, and skin mucus immunological parameters in the EO-treated groups compared to the CTL group. The highest specific growth rate (3.7-3.20 vs 2.85), gut amylase (17.0-19.1 vs. 15.5) and protease (5.8-6.0 vs. 5.1) activities, skin mucus lysozyme (23.5-26.2 vs. 15.3), peroxidase (11.4-12.0 vs. 10.4) and protease (17.9-20.3 vs. 13.3) activities, and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels (0.20-0.24 vs. 0.18), post-challenge survival (60.0-66.7 vs. 43.3), and lowest feed conversion ratio (0.9-0.92 vs. 1.18) were observed in the 200EO and/or 400EO, compared to the CTL group. Also, these parameters showed quadratic relationships with dietary EO levels. Additionally, dietary EO supplementation significantly enhanced hematological parameters, including total leukocyte and neutrophil percentage, plasma albumin, globulin, lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total Ig, gut lysozyme, and total Ig, as well as hepatic antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and reduced glutathione (GSH), with the highest values generally observed in the 200EO and 400EO treatments. Conversely, blood lymphocyte percentages, plasma cortisol levels, and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations significantly decreased along with increasing dietary EO supplementation, particularly in the 200EO and 400EO groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that dietary EO serves as an effective feed additive for rainbow trout, enhancing growth rates, feed efficiency, humoral and mucosal immunity, and antioxidant status. Collectively, these benefits enhance resistance to aeromonad septicemia. Based on the results, a dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg EO is recommended for rainbow trout farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel mannose-binding snail mucus lectins from Lissachatina fulica exhibited antimicrobial, antitumor and insecticidal activities.","authors":"Alima Khanam, Sadnima Zaman, Md Aminul Islam, Suzzada Suhi, Md Rezoan Hossain, Mohammad Shariar Shovon, Takumi Saito, Takahiro Hirano, Yasuhiro Ozeki, Yuki Fujii, A K M Asaduzzaman, Syed Rashel Kabir, Imtiaj Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with diverse biological functions, particularly their roles in innate immunity through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and mediation of non-specific immune responses. This study investigates the bioactivities of mucus lectins derived from Lissachatina fulica (LFLs). The LFLs were purified using ion exchange chromatography and analyzed for toxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, and insecticidal properties. SDS-PAGE experiment revealed protein bands of approximately 70.0 ± 1.0 and 49.0 ± 1.0 kDa. Hemagglutination activity of LFLs was strongly inhibited by D-mannose, whereas galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine showed moderate and mild inhibition, respectively. LFLs exhibited full activity between 20 and 50°C and at pH 7-9. Significant toxicity was observed in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LC₅₀ = 172.3 μg/ml). Antimicrobial assays showed dose-dependent inhibition against Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus within a concentration range of 50-400 μg/ml. LFLs also exhibited antibiofilm properties targeting Escherichia coli and antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus niger. The DPPH scavenging assay showed moderate antioxidant potential (IC₅₀ = 696.09 μg/ml). In vivo, LFLs inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth by 31.14 % and 55.71 % at doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg/day, respectively, and improved both mean survival time and hematological parameters. LFLs demonstrated time-dependent larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus (LC₅₀ reduced from 4.17 to 0.23 mg/ml over 48 h) and insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus chinensis (LD₅₀ reduced from 0.218 % to 0.062 % over 48 h), indicating increased potency with longer exposure. These findings highlight the significant therapeutic and biopesticidal potential of LFLs, supporting further research into their applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}