Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"ARRDC3, a novel α-arrestin, modulates WSSV replication and AHPND pathogenesis in Litopeneaus vannamei","authors":"Ramya Kumar ,&nbsp;Brandon Rafael de Jesús Castillo-Corea ,&nbsp;Shih-Shun Lin ,&nbsp;Chien-Kang Huang ,&nbsp;Han-Ching Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although shrimp are a valuable protein source, shrimp aquaculture has numerous challenges from various infectious diseases and understanding molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is crucial for disease management. In this study, a gene-to-gene correlation network generated from a transcriptomic database of the stomach of shrimp infected with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) was used to identify a new α-arrestin, termed arrestin domain containing-3 gene (<em>Lv</em>ARRDC3), with crucial roles in development of both AHPND and white spot disease (WSD). Double stranded RNA-mediated silencing or plasmid-mediated overexpression of <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 gene significantly decreased expression of WSSV genes (<em>IE1</em>, <em>VP28</em>, and <em>ICP11</em>) and viral genome copy numbers. Nevertheless, in AHPND, silencing the <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 gene increased the AHPND-associated plasmid and Pir toxins copy numbers, whereas overexpression of <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 had the opposite effect. An <em>in vitro</em> pathogen binding assay with recombinant <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 protein produced robust binding to WSSV virions and AHPND-causing <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. Moreover, based on immunofluorescence, <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 was localized in the cytoplasm of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (Sf9) insect cells. Therefore, we inferred that <em>Lv</em>ARRDC3 has a role in pathogen internalization, making it a valuable target for addressing AHPND and WSD and also a biomarker for marker-associated shrimp breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and antimicrobial characterization of rhamnose-binding lectin in Pinctada fucata martensii","authors":"Qiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaojie Li ,&nbsp;Zhijie Guo ,&nbsp;Haiying Liang ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Chuanjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) are key components of pattern recognition molecules involved in pathogen clearance during non-specific immune responses and play an important role in the immune response of Mollusca. <em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em> is an essential species for artificial seawater pearl cultivation in China. With the increasing pollution of seawater, the study of the immune function of <em>P. f. martensii</em> has become increasingly urgent. Therefore, investigating the basic structural characteristics and immunological activity of RBL is of significant interest. This study employed RACE technology to clone and perform bioinformatics analysis on the RBL from <em>P. f. martensii</em> (<em>PmRBL</em>). Real-time quantitative fluorescence (qRT-PCR) technology was used to analyze gene expression following stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, a prokaryotic expression vector for <em>PmRBL</em> was constructed, followed by an evaluation of the antibacterial and hemolytic activities of the recombinant protein. The results revealed that the cDNA sequence of the <em>PmRBL</em> gene is 1045 bp in length, with its open reading frame (ORF) encoding 212 amino acids that include two D-galactoside-binding lectin domains. The expression of <em>PmRBL</em> across various tissues and in response to PAMP stimulation showed that <em>PmRBL</em> was most abundantly expressed in the gill tissue of <em>P. f. martensii</em> and exhibited a significant response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). From the perspective of antibacterial activity, PmRBL exhibited significant efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the functional characteristics of RBLs in Mollusca and provides new insights into the immune molecular polymorphism of <em>P. f. martensii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, characterization of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and validation of the potential probiotic efficacy on growth, immunity, and gut microbiota in hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂)","authors":"Qingfeng Su ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Peng ,&nbsp;Zihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongcheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Bowu He ,&nbsp;Pengfei Chu ,&nbsp;Chengke Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics are increasingly considered as an alternative to antibiotics in developing environmentally sustainable aquaculture practices. Hybrid sturgeon (<em>Acipenser baerii</em> ♀ × <em>Acipenser schrenckii</em> ♂), a globally popular species valued for its nutritional content and caviar, has limited research on host-associated probiotics. In this study, we isolated and identified <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> from healthy hybrid sturgeon and assessed their impact on growth, immunity, gut microbiota, and transcriptome following an 8-week feeding trial. The isolated strains demonstrated strong production of protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, along with broad-spectrum pathogen inhibition, including <em>Aeromonas veronii</em>, <em>Aeromonas sobria</em>, and <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em>. Supplementation with <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> significantly improved growth performance and increased survival rates against <em>A. veronii</em> infection. Mechanistically, probiotics altered gut microbiota composition, enhancing digestive functions. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that probiotic supplementation boosted immune response and protein digestion and absorption. These findings suggest that <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> are promising probiotic candidates for the hybrid sturgeon industry, offering effective protection against <em>A. veronii</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immunomodulatory and antioxidative effects of curcumin-supplemented diets against the isolated Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Ghada A. El-Gammal ,&nbsp;Gehan I.E. Ali ,&nbsp;Aly S. Saif ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Elbaz ,&nbsp;Sabreen E. Fadl ,&nbsp;Nagwa I.S. Abu-Zahra","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>A. hydrophila</em>) has become a significant foodborne pathogen, causing gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans as well as severe economic losses in fish farms. Thus, we conducted this research in two experiments. The experiment 1 investigated the prevalence of <em>A. hydrophila</em> among Nile tilapia in different farms in Kafrelsheikh province and its pathogenicity by detecting some of its virulence genes before being used in the in <em>vivo</em> experiment. The experiment 2 was done to investigate the effect of dietary curcumin on growth performance, humoral immunity, antioxidants, and histopathology of Nile tilapia through a sixty-day feeding trial. Nile tilapia was divided into 3 groups, each in 3 replicates. Fish were given diets that included 0.0 (C, control), 1 % (10 g curcumin/kg diet; G1), and 2 % curcumin/kg diet (20 g curcumin/kg diet; G2). Moreover, the antibacterial effect of dietary curcumin against isolated bacteria in experiment 1 was investigated through experimental infection. The study's findings of experiment 1 indicated that the incidence of isolated <em>A. hydrophila</em> was 28 %. Moreover, the virulence aerolysin (<em>aerA</em>) and haemolysin (<em>hlyA</em>) genes were found in 100 % and 50 % of the isolates, respectively. The experiment 2 outcomes demonstrated that the growth-modulating impacts of dietary curcumin were notably noticed in final weight, feed intake, weight gain%, and specific growth rate without pathological lesions in the different organs. In addition, the white blood cell and lymphocyte counts significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increased in Nile tilapia fed dietary curcumin. Similar improvements in humoral immunity (lysozyme and phagocytic activity) and antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were seen in the 1 % curcumin group (G1). The experimental infection with a virulent strain of <em>A. hydrophila</em> that was previously isolated in experiment 1 showed a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality rates in the 1 % curcumin treatment group (G1), followed by the 2 % group (G2). The present study concluded that under current experimental conditions, dietary curcumin at a dose of 10 g/kg diet proves effective, but the dose of 1 % may not be optimal for tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of Caspase-8 in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)","authors":"Ziqi Ban ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Yue ,&nbsp;Kejing Huang ,&nbsp;Lu Yuan ,&nbsp;Suming Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianhu Jiang ,&nbsp;Chenjie Fei ,&nbsp;Jiasong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the internal environment. Caspase-8, an initiator caspase, plays a pivotal role in activating the caspase cascade during the apoptotic process. This study cloned and expressed Caspase-8 from goldfish, aimed to investigate the role of Caspase-8 in the immune response of fish to bacterial infections, specifically those caused by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. The Gf-Casp8 gene consists of 1425 base pairs, encoding a protein of 474 amino acids with a molecular weight of 54.55 kDa. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Gf-Casp8 is highly expressed in the spleen and kidney, with lower expression levels in the muscle and heart. Moreover, Gf-Casp8 expression was significantly upregulated in kidney leukocytes following stimulation with <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> and LPS. Post-immunization, both mRNA and protein levels of Gf-Casp8 in the kidney were significantly increased. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Gf-Casp8 is localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that overexpression of Gf-Casp8 significantly enhances apoptosis in HEK293T cells. These results highlight the critical function of Gf-Casp8 in modulating apoptosis and antibacterial immune responses in goldfish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemolysis-associated release of hemoglobin induces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disturbance and aggravates cell oxidative damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Ningjing Li ,&nbsp;Jialing Song ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Bing Chen ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Li ,&nbsp;Li Lin ,&nbsp;Zhendong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver is a key site for the removal of cell-free hemin during hemolysis. However, the mechanism underlying liver damage caused by hemolysis in teleost hemolytic disorderss remains unclear. In this study, the hemin incubation of grass carp liver cells (L8824) and phenylhydrazine (PHZ) injection were employed to simulate <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> hemolysis models. The Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay results of the L8824 cells showed that the hemin caused obvious cell death and exhibited concentration-dependent characteristics. Furthermore, hemin stimulation significantly increased intracellular iron content, markedly enhanced intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, triggered the activation of genes linked to iron metabolism, and disrupted mitochondrial structural integrity. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay and enzyme activity findings indicated that the hemoglobin (Hb) treatment activated the activity and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, while the addition of compound inhibitors I, II, and III could rescue hemin-induced cell death. Finally, a hemolysis model was established via intraperitoneal injection of PHZ in the grass carp. Histopathological analysis and <em>in vivo</em> transcriptome data showed that PHZ-induced hemolysis resulted in liver inflammation and iron and collagen fiber buildup. Additionally, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical data indicated it enhanced the ROS generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), destroyed the mitochondria, and up-regulated the transcription of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. In summary, the cell-free Hb released during hemolysis increased iron deposition, disrupted iron metabolism homeostasis, and caused oxidative stress. Consequently, this destroyed mitochondria function and ultimately exacerbated cell death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of intestinal microbiota and its function on digestion and immunity of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai fed two different sources of dietary soybean protein","authors":"Xiaojun Yu ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Wanyou Zhou ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated the replacement of fish meal (FM) with two different soybean protein sources (soybean protein concentrate (SPC) and soybean meal (SBM)) on the intestine microbiota of abalone <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em> and the implications for the host intestinal function and health. The control diet with FM as the main protein source (CON), and the four experimental diets with 50 % and 100 % SBM replacing FM (SBM50 and SBM100), and 25 % and 100 % SPC replacing FM (SPC25 and SPC100) were fed to abalone for 110 days. The intestinal microbiota analysis results revealed that there were no significant differences in α-diversity indices (Chao1, Ace, Sobs, and Shannon) among all groups. However, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) demonstrated dramatic shifts in the intestinal microbiota component at the genus level among the groups. Venn diagram analysis identified 470 overlapping operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the five groups, with the SBM50 and CON groups exhibiting the highest and lowest number of unique OTUs, respectively. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla in abalone, with <em>Mycoplasma</em> being the dominant genus (CON: 42.95 %; SBM50: 23.98 %; SBM100: 49.32 %; SPC25: 27.20 %; SPC100: 34.25 %). Notably, the pathogens <em>Vibrio</em> abundance in the SPC25 group was significantly lower than in the CON group. The intestinal microbiota networks in the CON, SBM50, SBM100, SPC25, and SPC100 groups consisted of 1757, 2140, 1992, 2281 and 1747 edges, respectively. Furthermore, correlation heatmap results suggested that digestive enzymes and immune indices in abalone were associated with specific intestinal microbiota. Functional prediction via the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the replacement levels of dietary FM with SBM and SPC significantly affect various biological functions of the intestinal microbiota. In summary, feeding SBM (50 %) and SPC (25 %) diets to abalone increased the abundance of beneficial bacterium in the intestines, contributing to improved digestion and increased growth rate of abalone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epicatechin attenuates emamectin benzoate-induced liver injury in grass carp by activating Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway","authors":"Xinhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Musen Li ,&nbsp;Qingsong Sun ,&nbsp;Yuehong Li ,&nbsp;Yunhe Fu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is an antibiotic insecticide pesticide modified from avermectin. In the current study, we performed an in-depth investigation of the protective effects of epicatechin on EMB-induced liver injury in common carps. The carps were cultured in an aquatic environment containing 2.4 μg/L of EMB for 30 days to establish the model. The results provide direct evidence that epicatechin could attenuate EMB-induced liver injury, as confirmed by the inhibition of epicatechin on EMB-induced liver pathological injury, serum glucose (GLU), cortisol (COR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Epicatechin also inhibited EMB-induced inflammation, as confirmed by the inhibition of epicatechin on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation induced by EMB. Moreover, epicatechin could attenuate EMB-induced ferroptosis, as confirmed by the inhibition of epicatechin on malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe²⁺ production, and up-regulation of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Glutathione (GSH) production, and Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and xCT expression. In addition, epicatechin increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). We therefore conclude that epicatechin protected EMB-induced liver injury by preventing ferroptosis through activating Nrf2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive genome-wide identification and functional characterization of mapk gene family in northern snakeheads (Channa argus)","authors":"Chaonan Sun ,&nbsp;Mingxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Haishen Wen ,&nbsp;Xin Qi ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Donglei Sun ,&nbsp;Yun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, integral to cellular regulation, orchestrates cell growth, differentiation, stress response, and inflammatory reactions to adapt to challenging environments. The northern snakeheads (<em>Channa argus</em>), a valuable freshwater species known for its hypoxia tolerance, rapid growth, and high nutritional value, lacks comprehensive research on its <em>mapk</em> gene family. In this study, we identified 16 <em>mapk</em> genes in northern snakeheads, among which <em>mapk8</em>, <em>mapk12</em> and <em>mapk14</em> have duplicate copies. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the evolutionary conservation of this gene family. Structural and motif analyses further underscored the conserved nature of these genes. Expression pattern analysis under abiotic and biotic stress conditions showed significant differences expression of <em>mapks</em> in the gills and suprabranchial organ (SBO) after air exposure, as well as in the brain following cold stress, highlighting the extensive role of <em>mapks</em> in stress regulation. It was worth noting that the significant expression differences of <em>mapks</em> were also observed in the spleen after <em>N. seriolae</em> infection, implicating that these genes may be involved in the regulation of innate immune responses. Additionally, analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks suggested that the co-activation of multiple MAPK signaling pathways may play a key role in regulating an organism's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study provides a detailed description of the <em>mapk</em> gene family in the northern snakeheads and elucidates its biological functions under various stress conditions, offering valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the <em>mapk</em> gene family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of recombinant human lysozyme into diets affects the growth performance, muscle quality, immunity and intestinal microbiota in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Dayin Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Qu ,&nbsp;Yingxu Huangfu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Pan ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of supplementation of lysozyme (LZM) into diet on the growth performance, muscle quality, immunity, intestinal microbiota in large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) with initial body weight of 194.5 ± 0.27 g. After a 70-day feeding trial, 6 experimental diets with LZM supplementation at 0 (LZM0), 10 (LZM10), 30 (LZM30), 50 (LZM50), 70 (LZM70) and 90 mg/kg (LZM90) were tested. Results showed that the fish in the LZM70 group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio and the highest weight gain (WG), along with the highest trypsin and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activities in intestine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The LZM activity in serum and intestine was significantly reduced in all dietary LZM supplemented groups compared to the LZM0 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with that in the LZM0 group, the gene expressions of <em>claudin 11</em>, <em>bcl-2</em>, <em>nlrp 3</em>, <em>tnf α</em>, <em>il-10</em> and <em>tgf β</em> in intestine in the LZM90 group were significantly elevated, while <em>bax</em> and <em>caspase3</em> were significantly downregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the group supplemented with 90 mg/kg of dietary LZM also increased muscle crude lipid content, springiness and drip loss, along with decreased crude protein content, shear force and hardness compared with other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the results of intestinal microbiota showed that compared to those in the LZM0 group, relative abundances of <em>Fusobacterium</em> in the LZM30 and LZM90 groups were decreased, and the relative abundances of <em>Achromobacter</em>, <em>Mycoplasma</em> and <em>Cetobacterium</em> were increased. In conclusion, appropriate supplementation of LZM in diet promoted the growth performance, improved immunity, adjusted intestinal microbiota and muscle quality of large yellow croaker. Furthermore, the optimal level of dietary LZM supplementation for large yellow croaker was estimated to be 67.14 mg/kg based on the quadratic regression for WG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}