Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Supplementation of recombinant human lysozyme into diets affects the growth performance, muscle quality, immunity and intestinal microbiota in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Dayin Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Qu ,&nbsp;Yingxu Huangfu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Pan ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of supplementation of lysozyme (LZM) into diet on the growth performance, muscle quality, immunity, intestinal microbiota in large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) with initial body weight of 194.5 ± 0.27 g. After a 70-day feeding trial, 6 experimental diets with LZM supplementation at 0 (LZM0), 10 (LZM10), 30 (LZM30), 50 (LZM50), 70 (LZM70) and 90 mg/kg (LZM90) were tested. Results showed that the fish in the LZM70 group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio and the highest weight gain (WG), along with the highest trypsin and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activities in intestine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The LZM activity in serum and intestine was significantly reduced in all dietary LZM supplemented groups compared to the LZM0 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with that in the LZM0 group, the gene expressions of <em>claudin 11</em>, <em>bcl-2</em>, <em>nlrp 3</em>, <em>tnf α</em>, <em>il-10</em> and <em>tgf β</em> in intestine in the LZM90 group were significantly elevated, while <em>bax</em> and <em>caspase3</em> were significantly downregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the group supplemented with 90 mg/kg of dietary LZM also increased muscle crude lipid content, springiness and drip loss, along with decreased crude protein content, shear force and hardness compared with other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the results of intestinal microbiota showed that compared to those in the LZM0 group, relative abundances of <em>Fusobacterium</em> in the LZM30 and LZM90 groups were decreased, and the relative abundances of <em>Achromobacter</em>, <em>Mycoplasma</em> and <em>Cetobacterium</em> were increased. In conclusion, appropriate supplementation of LZM in diet promoted the growth performance, improved immunity, adjusted intestinal microbiota and muscle quality of large yellow croaker. Furthermore, the optimal level of dietary LZM supplementation for large yellow croaker was estimated to be 67.14 mg/kg based on the quadratic regression for WG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and expression of TLR5a and TLR5b in lamprey (Lampetra japonica)","authors":"Lutian Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Hui ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiyin Xu ,&nbsp;Qingkui Bai ,&nbsp;Ting Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lamprey serves as a key model organism for studying the origin and evolution of species, embryonic development, and the immune system. The immune system primarily relies on pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), with Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) having a particularly complex evolutionary history. Currently, although TLR5 is being identified in an expanding array of taxonomic groups, a comprehensive study on its evolutionary aspects is yet to be conducted. In this study, we identified <em>Lj-TLR5a</em> and <em>Lj-TLR5b</em> in <em>Lampetra japonica</em> and examined their distribution across various tissues in this species. Furthermore, we conducted preliminary investigations into their immune functions and discovered that, as primitive genes, they are highly sensitive to various pathogens. Upon recognizing flagellar proteins, both Lj-TLR5a and Lj-TLR5b work together; however, these TLRs may function independently in response to other stimuli. Subsequently, we performed comprehensive structural and evolutionary analyses of the TLR5 family, incorporating TLR5 data from various species at different evolutionary stages. Our findings revealed that TLR5a and TLR5b in lamprey are in a relatively primitive evolutionary state. Meanwhile, TLR5L differentiated during the early stages of evolution and exhibits a pseudogenic trend throughout this evolutionary process; notably, this TLR is currently preserved only in certain amphibian and reptile species. In cartilaginous fish, only one type of TLR5 is usually retained, whereas bony fish typically possess both TLR5 and TLR5S. TLR5S has a relatively simple structure, likely arising from repetitive whole-genome events in bony fishes. Among bony fishes, flesh-finned fish were found to retain only one TLR5, which eventually evolved into the TLR5 found in quadrupeds. In summary, this study provides significant insights into the origin and evolution of the TLR5 family by analyzing the evolutionary status and immune functions of <em>Lj-TLR5a</em> and <em>Lj-TLR5b</em> in Japanese lampreys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of S100A1 and S100A10 from hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) in immune response to Vibrio infection","authors":"Sheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Quan Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Shi ,&nbsp;Xiao-Rui Song ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The S100 proteins are highly conserved EF-hand calcium-binding proteins found only in vertebrates. In the current study, two <em>S100</em> genes (<em>S100A1</em> and <em>S100A10</em>) were successfully identified and characterized from hybrid grouper <em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>♂ <em>× Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em>♀. The deduced S100A10 protein contained two EF-hand domains, and S100A1 only possessed the N-terminal EF-hand. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S100A1 and S100A10 from hybrid grouper were evolutionarily closely related to their counterparts in other selected vertebrates. Quantitative real-time PCR results revealed that the transcripts of <em>S100A1</em> and <em>S100A1</em><em>0</em> mRNA were ubiquitously distributed in all the examined tissues. After <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> infection, the expression of <em>S100A1</em> and <em>S100A10</em> in the spleen increased significantly. Moreover, overexpression of S100A1 and S100A10 could not only regulate the expression of <em>interleukin 8</em> (<em>IL-8</em>), <em>IL-10</em>, and <em>IL-16</em> in the head kidney, liver, and spleen, change the activities of acid phosphatase, catalase, lysozyme, and superoxide dismutase in serum, but also reduce the promoter activities of interferon 3 and nuclear factor kappa-B <em>in vitro</em>. Taken together, this study indicated that S100A1 and S100A10 participate in the immune response of hybrid grouper against bacterial infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White spot syndrome virus IE1 protein blocks the integrin-FAK signaling to enhance viral infection in shrimp","authors":"Kaiyu Lu ,&nbsp;Xiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinghua Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongzhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiuli Chen ,&nbsp;Yueling Zhang ,&nbsp;Defu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA viruses commonly utilize immediate-early proteins to manipulate cellular signaling pathways in order to facilitate their infection. Our previous research has suggested that IE1, an immediate-early protein encoded by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), may modulate the shrimp integrin-FAK signaling pathway. However, the specific molecular mechanism and role of IE1 in regulating this signaling pathway remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that IE1 competes for binding to the cytoplasmic tail of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> integrin-α5, resulting in the inhibition of the integrin-α5-FAK interaction, thereby suppressing FAK activation and cell adhesion. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in the expression of <em>P. vannamei integrin-α5</em> and <em>FAK</em> following WSSV infection. Additionally, knockdown of <em>integrin-α5</em> or <em>FAK</em> through RNA interference has been shown to reduce cell adhesion and enhance WSSV infection. In conclusion, our findings reveal that IE1 disrupts integrin-FAK signaling to inhibit cell adhesion, ultimately promoting WSSV infection in shrimp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WSSV induces Rubicon expression to regulate innate immune response in Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Phattarunda Jaree,&nbsp;Thaneeya Nantapojd,&nbsp;Chalermporn Ongvarrasopone","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubicon, the RUN domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein plays an important role in facilitating viral replication. In this study, an involvement of <em>P. vannamei</em> Rubicon or <em>PvRUBCN</em> during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and its roles in regulation of apoptosis and innate immune response were investigated. The full-length coding sequence of <em>PvRUBCN</em> was 3708 bp encoding the protein of 1235 amino acids. <em>PvRUBCN</em> contained three conserved domains including the RUN, the PI3K-binding, and the Rubicon homology domains. <em>PvRUBCN</em> was grouped with the closely related RUBCN from the Penaeid species with more than 95 % identity. It was highly expressed in nerve followed by intestine, and gill. Its expression was induced upon WSSV challenge at 12 and 48 hpi. Suppression of <em>PvRUBCN</em> by dsRNA upon WSSV challenge resulted in more than 80 % reduction in <em>PvRUBCN</em> mRNA expression. Knockdown of <em>PvRUBCN</em> mRNA significantly decreased the WSSV copy number and prolonged the survival rate of WSSV-infected shrimp. In addition, the <em>caspase3</em>, a key regulator of the apoptosis pathway was significantly down-regulated. The interferon like genes including <em>Vago4</em> was dramatically decreased at 72 hpi whereas <em>Vago5</em> demonstrated slight reduction at 24 hpi and increase at 72 and 120 hpi, respectively. On the other hand, the expressions of the genes involved in the prophenoloxidase pathway including <em>PPO1</em> and <em>PPO2</em> were not changed. Taken together, <em>PvRUBCN</em> played important roles in the antiviral immunity in response to WSSV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-type I augments viral infection in zebrafish","authors":"Arthika Kalaichelvan ,&nbsp;Kishanthini Nadarajapillai ,&nbsp;Sarithaa Raguvaran Sellaththurai ,&nbsp;U.P.E. Arachchi ,&nbsp;Myoung-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Sumi Jung ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine with critical roles in inflammation, cell survival, and defense. As a member of the TNF superfamily, it exerts its effects by binding to transmembrane receptors and triggering various downstream signaling pathways. Although TNF-α′s involvement in antiviral responses in mammals is well-established, its role in teleost remains poorly understood. This study investigated the contribution of TNF-α1 to antiviral immunity in zebrafish using a <em>tnf-α1</em>^{<em>(−/−)</em>} knockout (KO) line. We challenged both wild-type and <em>tnf-α1</em>^{<em>(−/−)</em>} zebrafish with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) at both embryonic and adult stages. Mortality was observed at 4 days post-infection (dpi) in <em>tnf-α1</em>-deficient adult fish challenged with 5 × 10⁶ TCID₅₀ (VHSV) and at 5 dpi in adult wild fish challenged with the same concentration. In addition, <em>tnf-α1</em>^{<em>(−/−)</em>} KO adult fish reached the maximum mortality of 100 % at 20 dpi, whereas wild adult fish reached 54 % mortality at the same time point. This increased susceptibility to early mortality was associated with a higher viral burden and altered expression of key immune genes, including the pro-inflammatory cytokines <em>il-6</em> and <em>il-1β,</em> the anti-inflammatory cytokine <em>il-10</em>, and interferon-related genes such as <em>irf1 and ifn-γ</em>. Our findings demonstrate the crucial role of TNF-α1 in antiviral defense mechanisms in zebrafish and provide valuable insights into the functional conservation of TNF-α signaling across vertebrate species. This knowledge may contribute to the development of strategies to combat viral diseases in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vaccine combining ORF132 and ORF25 expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces protective immunity in Carassius auratus gibelio against CyHV-2","authors":"Jiahui Liang ,&nbsp;Maoxia Yang ,&nbsp;Xinmei Li ,&nbsp;Qianjin Zhou ,&nbsp;Guanjun Yang ,&nbsp;Jianfei Lu ,&nbsp;Jiong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CyHV-2 is the pathogen of herpesvirus hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN), resulting in significant economic losses in crucian carp. Although multiple oral vaccines have been developed to prevent CyHV-2, they have not achieved ideal protective effects. To improve the protective effect of oral vaccine, a combination vaccine was conducted by mixing recombinant <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> displaying ORF132 or ORF25 on the cell surface in a 1:1 ratio. Oral immunization with this combined vaccine induced specific antibodies against ORF132 and ORF25 in fish serum, as well as increased the transcription levels of <em>IgT</em>, <em>IgM</em>, <em>IL-1β</em>, <em>IFN-1</em>, and <em>TNF-α</em> in the spleen, head-kidney, and hindgut. Importantly, the combined vaccine provided significant protection against CyHV-2 infection in crucian carp, resulting in a relative percent survival of 80.77 %. Additionally, it suppressed viral load and alleviated pathological damage of CyHV-2-infected fish. The results suggest that the combined vaccine exhibits a better protective effect compared to the single-antigen vaccines, indicating it as a promising approach to prevent CyHV-2 outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase and its function in the immunity of Apostichopus japonicus","authors":"Jiahao Cheng ,&nbsp;Kai Yang ,&nbsp;Xu Li ,&nbsp;Benkang Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A number of studies have been demonstrated that arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX-5) plays a role in regulating a range of physiological and pathological processes through the catalysis of leukotriene formation from arachidonic acid (ARA). The coding sequence of ALOX-5 from <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> (Aj-ALOX-5) was successfully amplified, resulting in a 2028 bp ORF sequence that encodes 674 amino acids. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other 5-lipoxygenases revealed that Aj-ALOX-5 has the N-terminal \"PLAT domain\" and C-terminal \"lipoxygenase structural domain\" characteristic of this enzyme family. The enzyme activity sites and Ca²⁺-binding sites exhibited high levels of conservation. The phylogenetic tree also indicated that Aj-ALOX-5 was closely related to starfish 5-lipoxygenase. The recombinant Aj-ALOX-5 (rAj-ALOX-5) was obtained through the exogenous expression of an engineered bacterium and purified using Ni²⁺-NTA. rAj-ALOX-5 was observed to catalyze ARA to produce 5-HPETE and LTA₄, which indicated that the Aj-ALOX-5 protein belonged to the 5-lipoxygenase family. qRT-PCR demonstrated that Aj-ALOX-5 is widely distributed in tissues. Furthermore, the Aj-ALOX-5 mRNA and the production of 5-HETE were found to be significantly up-regulated in response to stress induced by <em>Vibrio splendidus</em>. Inhibition of Aj-ALOX-5 expression by the optimal caffeic acid resulted in a significant increase in mortality rates of sea cucumbers. Further investigation revealed that the production of 5-HPETE and NF-κB I was also significantly suppressed. It can be hypothesized that Aj-ALOX-5 plays an important role in the immune response of sea cucumbers by mediating the NF-κB I pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bambusa vulgaris-supplemented diet on Nile tilapia challenged with Pseudomonas putida: Hematological, immune, and oxidative responses","authors":"Alamira Marzouk Fouad ,&nbsp;Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela ,&nbsp;Rehab H. Moneeb ,&nbsp;Mariana S. Alfons ,&nbsp;Abdallah S. Salah ,&nbsp;Shaymaa Yusuf","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of bamboo shoot extract (<em>Bambusa vulgaris</em>) as a feed additive on the health profiles and infection resistance of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) against <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>. Bamboo shoot extract was added at levels of 0 g, 40 g, and 60 g per 1000 g of diet over a 60-day period. The fish were then challenged with a pathogenic <em>P. putida</em> strain. Chemical analysis of the bamboo shoot extract identified 3,5-dinitrophenol and hydroquinone as the two most abundant compounds. Results showed that fish fed bamboo-enriched diets exhibited significantly enhanced levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, and platelets, and improved erythrocyte cellular and nuclear morphologies, indicating improved health profiles after the challenge. Liver function indicators, including AST, ALT, and ALP, were notably balanced in fish receiving bamboo shoot extract post-challenge (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Blood levels of K⁺ were lower in the bamboo-fed groups. Additionally, blood levels of Ca⁺⁺ and Na⁺ were reduced in fish fed 40 g and 60 g of bamboo, respectively, compared to the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The bamboo extract also enhanced immune and oxidative capacities, as demonstrated by increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity, along with reduced malondialdehyde levels and elevated serum immunoglobulin M (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Gene expression analysis revealed significant effects of <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em> extract, <em>Pseudomonas</em> infection, and their interaction on the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and NK-lysin genes, with varying expression levels at 1, 3, and 7 days post-challenge (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The liver bacterial load in fish exposed to <em>P. putida</em> significantly decreased in the bamboo-fed groups, with the lowest count observed in the 60 g bamboo group. Additionally, survival rates were markedly higher in the bamboo-fed groups compared to the control, with no significant difference between the two bamboo-fed groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bamboo shoot extract enhances hematological parameters, blood cell and nuclear morphology, and increases survival rates in Nile tilapia following infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The haemocyte highly-expressed E-type prostanoid receptor regulates TNF expression during immune response of oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Xuemei Cheng ,&nbsp;Weilin Wang ,&nbsp;Miren Dong ,&nbsp;Junlei Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiajun Zuo ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Zhou ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostaglandin E2 imparts diverse physiological effects on multiple cells through its actions on four distinct E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4), among which the EP4 is one of subtypes known to mediate the immune response in mammalian monocytes and macrophages. However, the precise characteristics and functions of EP4 in mollusks remain unclear. In the present study, an EP4 homologue (designated as <em>Cg</em>EP4) was identified from oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. <em>Cg</em>EP4 contained a seven-helix transmembrane domain, shared significant homology with its vertebrate homologs, and clustered with EP4s from other Mollusca by phylogenetic analysis. When <em>Cg</em>EP4 was transfected and expressed in HEK293 cell line, the concentration of intracellular Ca²⁺ was significantly increased after treatment with its agonist PGE2, while that of cAMP was not obviously changed. The mRNA transcripts of <em>Cg</em>EP4 were dominantly expressed in haemocytes, which was 28.37-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) higher than that in hepatopancreas. By immunofluorescence analysis, <em>Cg</em>EP4 was found to be mainly expressed in the agranulocyte subpopulation, and <em>Cg</em>EP4⁺ agranulocyte accounted for 18 % of total haemocytes. After <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation, the mRNA expression of <em>Cg</em>EP4 in haemocytes was not obviously changed at the first 12 h, then significantly up-regulated at 24 h, which was 2.7-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) of that in control group. After PGE2 treatment <em>in vivo</em>, the phosphorylation of JNK (p-JNK) in haemocytes, but not the phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), was significantly decreased, which was 0.64-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) of that in control group. Simultaneously, the mRNA expression levels of <em>Cg</em>TNF-1 and <em>Cg</em>TNF-2 in haemocytes dramatically down-regulated, which were 0.06-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and 0.73-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) of that in control group at 24 h. When the EP4 antagonist Grapiprant was added with PGE2 treatment <em>in vivo</em>, the p-JNK in haemocytes significantly increased, concomitant with the up-regulation of expressions of <em>Cg</em>TNF-1 and <em>Cg</em>TNF-2, which were 2.86-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and 1.31-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) of that in control group at 24 h. Collectively, these results provides the experimental evidence of a haemocyte highly-expressed EP4 receptor <em>Cg</em>EP4 regulating TNFs’ expression through MAPK pathway in the innate immune response in <em>C. gigas</em>, and it could be used as a surface marker to type and sort a subset of agranulocyte subpopulation among haemocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}