Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Oral immunization with recombinant L. lactis expressing RGNNV capsid protein protects grouper against RGNNV infection","authors":"Xiaojing Hua ,&nbsp;Haoqi Du ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanzhi Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanan Lu ,&nbsp;Xueqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a highly pathogenic positive-sense RNA virus that causes substantial economic losses in global grouper aquaculture industry. Its capsid protein (CP) exhibits strong antigenicity properties and represents a promising immunogen for vaccine development. Among the four major NNV genotypes, Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is the most prevalent. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are attractive oral vaccine delivery platforms, capable of inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> (<em>L. lactis</em>) expression system was used with lactose as a screening marker to produce the RGNNV-CP. We successfully constructed the recombinant strain pNZ8149-Usp45-CP/<em>L. lactis</em> NZ3900, and confirmed protein expression by the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and western blotting. Grouper were orally immunized with this strain and then challenged with RGNNV to assess immune protection. The recombinant L. <em>lactis</em> demonstrated persistent colonization capacity in fish intestinal and enhanced mucosal barrier function, indicating safety for the host. Also, oral vaccination elicited strong neutralizing responses, with serum antibody titers peaking on day 28 post-immunization. Upregulation of immune-related genes in the brain, intestine, and visceral tissues further supported robust immune activation. Vaccinated fish showed reduced viral loads and lower mortality, confirming vaccine's efficacy. These findings highlight pNZ8149-Usp45-CP/<em>L. lactis</em> NZ3900 as a promising antibiotic-free oral vaccine candidate for protecting grouper against RGNNV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral feeding of egg yolk antibody provide passive immune protection against largemouth bass iridovirus","authors":"Jinqiao Cao ,&nbsp;Shijia Liu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Luo ,&nbsp;Xia Liang ,&nbsp;Quan Wang ,&nbsp;Zengjian Liang ,&nbsp;Yunshang Ning ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin ,&nbsp;Sumei Xiao ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to isolate water-soluble fraction (WSF) containing egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) from inactivated Largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) iridovirus (LMBV)-immunized egg yolks and assess their oral efficacy in preventing LMBV infection in largemouth bass. Through western blotting and indirect ELISA methods, it was observed that IgY specifically recognized major capsid protein (MCP), with its titer peaking at 8 weeks post-initial immunization and subsequently stabilizing. In vitro, antibody neutralization experiments demonstrated the ability of IgY to neutralize the virus and inhibit its replication. Animal experiments revealed a relative protection rate of approximately 54 % in the specific IgY group, accompanied by significantly reduced viral copy numbers, expression levels of inflammatory factors, and alleviated tissue pathological changes. Serum peptide detection indicated the presence of LMBV and IgY-related peptides circulating in the blood, which may contribute to virus neutralization. These findings suggest that polyclonal antibody IgY exhibits effective preventive properties against LMBV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feed supplementation with fermented Broussonetia papyrifera leaves on non-specific immune responses, resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, growth, intestinal histology, and microbiota of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","authors":"Guan-Lin Lai,&nbsp;Yu-Ru Lin,&nbsp;Ta-Jeng Yang,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Chu,&nbsp;Fan-Hua Nan,&nbsp;Yeh-Fang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White shrimp (<em>Penaeus vannamei</em>) is a globally significant aquaculture species, yet the industry often suffers economic losses due to pathogens, water quality fluctuations, and climate change. Aquaculture technology frequently incorporates probiotics or herbal supplements to enhance shrimp immunity and growth performance. <em>Broussonetia papyrifera</em> leaf has long been used as a medicinal herb. However, due to the large molecular size of their active compounds, absorption by organisms is limited, making microbial fermentation necessary before use in feed. This study investigated the effects of fermented <em>B. papyrifera</em> leaf (FBL) on white shrimp immunity, resistance to <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>, and growth performance. <em>In vivo</em> trial confirmed that FBL is non-toxic to shrimp hemocytes and demonstrated that FBL concentrations between 50 and 1000 μg/mL significantly enhanced respiratory burst, phenoloxidase, and phagocytic activity (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). There are three experiments in the <em>in vivo</em> trials. Firstly, a 56-day feeding trial was conducted using five dietary treatments: control, FBL0.5 (0.5 g/kg), FBL1 (1 g/kg), FBL5 (5 g/kg), and FBL10 (10 g/kg). The results indicated that the FBL5 group exhibited notably improved growth performance, as well as enhanced intestinal structure and microbial composition. Following, a 28-day <em>in vivo</em> immune trial, shrimp were fed the same FBL diets to evaluate their effects on non-specific immune responses. The results showed that dietary supplementation with FBL significantly modulated immune responses and upregulated immune-related gene expressions, particularly on Days 7 and 14 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Finally, a challenge test revealed that the FBL5 group significantly reduced mortality after <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> infection compared to the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrates that supplementing 5 g FBL per kilogram of feed can bolster immune responses, improve growth performance, and enhance resistance to Vibrio infections in <em>P. vannamei</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two isoforms of Rel gene involved in the immune regulation of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii","authors":"Hongxi Chen ,&nbsp;Guixuan Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Lu ,&nbsp;Shirong Fu ,&nbsp;Weijiang Liao ,&nbsp;Yu Jiao ,&nbsp;Qingheng Wang ,&nbsp;Chuangye Yang ,&nbsp;Yuewen Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rel gene from pearl oyster <em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em> (Pm-Rel) belongs to the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene family and involved in the immune regulation in pearl oyster. In this study, two isoforms of Pm-Rel (Pm-Rel349 and Pm-Rel418) were verified and functionally analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed that Pm-Rel349 and Pm-Rel418 were produced by the exon-deleted and intron-inserted, respectively. Pm-Rel349 lost the C-terminal region, and retained the N-terminal RHD-DNA bind and RHD-dimer region, while Pm-Rel418 lost the N-terminal region, and contained partial RHD-DNA bind, IPT domain and C-terminal TAD region. Both of them were significantly up-regulated at 24 h after transplantation and localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, with mainly localization in the cytoplasm. Over-expression of Pm-Rel349 and Pm-Rel418 could activate the NF-κB signal pathway, and co-high-expression of both genes yields a stronger activation effect than individual high expression, indicating Pm-Rel349 and Pm-Rel418 have a synergistic effect, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed the interaction between Pm-Rel349 and Pm-Rel418. These findings suggest that Pm-Rel349 and Pm-Rel418 are crucial regulators of immune responses in <em>P</em>. <em>f</em>. <em>martensii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a tilapia epitopes vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae based on phage display technology","authors":"Jun-Jie Sheng ,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Wei ,&nbsp;Mao-Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hang Ren ,&nbsp;Ming-Zhu Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tilapia ranks among the world's leading aquaculture species, but <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> (<em>S. agalactiae</em>) severely limits the growth of the global tilapia industry. Vaccination has been proven to be a promising strategy for controlling this disease. In this study, a Ph.D.-12 phage display library was screened using serum from <em>S. agalactiae</em> survivors, leading to the identification and synthesis of two peptides (P1 and P2). Subsequently, an epitope vaccine was prepared by combining the peptide with adjuvant, and tilapia were immunized with a prime-boost strategy to evaluate its protective effect. Serum and tissue samples of immunized fish were collected periodically after the primary immunization, and the immunization effect was evaluated by combining enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme activity assays and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the vaccine significantly enhanced host immune responses, including elevated specific antibody titers and upregulation of <em>CD8</em>, a marker of T cell activation. Notably, the epitope vaccine conferred protection against <em>S. agalactiae</em> challenge within 14 days post-challenge with a survival rate of up to 54.29 % in the group treated with Adjuvant-P1 (20 μg/g). Unlike traditional reverse vaccinology approaches, this method employed phage display to directly identify conformational epitopes, leading to the discovery of new conserved epitopes and suggesting that P1 and P2 peptide mimotopes hold potential as <em>S. agalactiae</em> candidate antigens. However, while this study provided preliminary evidence of the vaccine's efficacy against <em>S. agalactiae</em> over a 35-day period, further validation of the vaccine's durability and generalizability by extending the observation window and using different <em>S. agalactiae</em> strains is necessary. In conclusion, two mimotopes against <em>S. agalactiae</em> were directly identified by phage display in this study, which lays the foundation for the development of highly efficient and chemically synthesizable <em>S. agalactiae</em> vaccines for tilapia, and contributes to the promotion of the sustainable development of the tilapia industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of poly I:C and LPS on in vivo and in vitro rainbow trout gill mucin production","authors":"Sinan Sharba ,&nbsp;Henrik Sundh ,&nbsp;Kristina Sundell ,&nbsp;Sara K. Lindén","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110897","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the growth, immune responses and resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus against Vibrio splendidus infection","authors":"Hong Fan ,&nbsp;Yina Shao ,&nbsp;Xuelei Wang ,&nbsp;Kaiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Si Zhu ,&nbsp;Chenghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for optimal growth and health in various aquatic animals; however, its effects on the sea cucumber <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> remain unclear. This study investigated the impacts of dietary DHA on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance of <em>A. japonicus</em>. Sea cucumbers were fed diets containing 0.3 % (control diet), 0.6 %, and 1.2 % DHA for 60 days. Following the feeding trial, <em>A. japonicus</em> were challenged with <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> to evaluate disease resistance. Growth performance significantly improved in individuals fed 0.6 % and 1.2 % DHA. Tissue contents of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in the body wall of <em>A. japonicus</em> significantly elevated with the increasing levels of DHA in the diets. Moderate DHA supplementation enhanced the activities of immune and antioxidant enzymes. Survival rates were also higher in the 0.6 % and 1.2 % DHA groups following <em>V. splendidus</em> challenge. <em>In vitro</em> experiments further explored the mechanism underlying DHA-mediated protection against <em>V. splendidus</em> infection. Coelomocytes pretreated with DHA exhibited significantly enhanced phagocytic activity against <em>V. splendidus</em>, accompanied by marked upregulation of phagocytosis-related genes at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, DHA promoted the intracellular clearance of endocytosed <em>V. splendidus</em> primarily via lysosome-dependent degradation pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that moderate DHA supplementation (0.6 %–1.2 %) enhances innate immunity and confers protection against <em>V. splendidus</em> infection in <em>A. japonicus</em>, in part by promoting phagocytosis and subsequent lysosomal elimination of pathogen in coelomocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) TARBP2 negatively regulates type I IFN responses to promote RGNNV replication","authors":"Yijie Lin ,&nbsp;Weifu Mo ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liao ,&nbsp;Minyao Bi ,&nbsp;Siting Wu ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin ,&nbsp;Jingguang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trans-Activation-Responsive RNA-Binding Protein (TARBP), a dsRNA-binding protein family member, serves as a hub for regulating gene expression and influencing diverse biological processes. While current research primarily focuses on its cytoplasmic interactions with factors like Dicer, protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), and PKR activator (PACT), its role in teleost antiviral immunity remains less explored. In this study, we cloned and characterized an ortholog of TARBP2 from spotted knifejaw (<em>Oplegnathus punctatus</em>), designated OpTARBP2. Its open reading frame (ORF) spans 1038 bp, encoding a 345-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 37.1 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that OpTARBP2 possesses three conserved dsRNA-binding domains and shares 96.81 % sequence homology with giant grouper (<em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>) TARBP2. Expression profiling indicated widespread OpTARBP2 distribution across tissues, with highest levels in the liver and intestine. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed its cytoplasmic localization. Functionally, overexpression of OpTARBP2 in grouper spleen (GS) cells reduced the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon-related genes, and thereby promoting replication of the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). Furthermore, OpTARBP2 significantly inhibited <em>E. coioides</em> Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), Mitochondrial anti viral signaling protein (MAVS), and TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1)-induced luciferase activity driven by the Interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) and NF-κB promoters. Collectively, these results demonstrate that OpTARBP2 enhanced viral replication by negatively regulating type I interferon responses, laying a foundation for understanding the antiviral immune role of TARBP2 in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metabolome-SNP-gut microbiome analysis deciphers the molecular basis of EHP resistance in Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Yang Du ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Tian ,&nbsp;Jiong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</em> (EHP) has emerged as a highly virulent pathogen in shrimp aquaculture, yet the molecular determinants governing host resistance remain incompletely characterized. This study employed an integrated multi-omics strategy (metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiome) to elucidate the molecular basis of EHP resistance in <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>. Comparative metabolomic profiling of EHP-resistant (R4029) and susceptible (S4104) family lines identified 1614 metabolites, primarily organic acids (35.07 %) and lipids (21.56 %). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed significant intergroup metabolic differentiation (Q² &gt; 0.9), with 428 and 388 metabolites exhibiting differential abundance (variable importance in projection |VIP| &gt; 1, false discovery rate-adjusted <em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) identified in uninfected (S4104-D vs R4029-D) and infected (S4104-G vs R4029-G) states, respectively. Joint KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets identified 661 commonly dysregulated genes (DEGs) and 205 differentially abundant metabolites (DEMs), with glycine/serine/threonine metabolism (ko00260) and cysteine/methionine metabolism (ko00270) emerging as pivotal pathways underpining resistance. Integrative multi-omics analysis using O2PLS modelling revealed robust correlations between 12 key DEGs and 15 DEMs, thereby prioritizing macrophage mannose receptor 1 (<em>MRC1</em>) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (<em>BHMT</em>) as principal candidate genes. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screening identified seven <em>BHMT</em> sequence variants, including three variants significantly associated with resistance (<em>BHMT</em>-8159 in intron 3; <em>BHMT</em>-12167 and <em>BHMT</em>-12710 in exonic regions), as well as fourteen <em>MRC1</em> variants, of which six showed significant associations (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05), most notably the missense mutation <em>MRC1</em>-759 (A &gt; C) inducing a Thr253Pro substitution (full-length <em>MRC1</em> sequence) that alters protein secondary structure. Gut microbiome characterization demonstrated elevated α-diversity (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) and enhanced community stability in resistant shrimp, with selective enrichment of putatively beneficial taxa (<em>Photobacterium</em>, <em>Ralstonia</em>). Collectively, these findings suggest that EHP resistance is mediated by coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, functionally consequential genetic polymorphisms, and stable microbial community dynamics, thereby establishing a multi-omics framework for the selective breeding of EHP-resistant shrimp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to \"The 5^th conference of the international society of fish and shellfish immunology (5^th ISFSI) in Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.) (November 4^th - 8^th, 2025)\".","authors":"Han-Ching Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}