Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Three hepcidins from the spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) promote antimicrobial activity via TLR/NFκB pathway","authors":"Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Yadong Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Song ,&nbsp;Wenteng Xu ,&nbsp;Wensheng Li ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma ,&nbsp;Chuanjun Yang ,&nbsp;Zhangfan Chen ,&nbsp;Songlin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepcidin belongs to a class of small cationic antimicrobial peptides rich in cysteine. It is synthesized by liver and is widely involved in host antimicrobial, antiviral and other immune responses. We identified and characterized three hepcidin genes (<em>OpHep1</em>, <em>OpHep2</em> and <em>OpHep3</em>) in spotted knifejaw. All the OpHeps shared high identities with hepcidins in other teleost, containing alpha helix and β-sheets. Three <em>OpHep</em>s were all detected in healthy tissues, with the abundant expression in liver. They were significantly increased after <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> infection in the six immune-relevant tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, gill, skin and intestine). <em>OpHep</em>s knockdown in spotted knifejaw liver cells affected the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes, including <em>il1β</em>, <em>il6</em>, <em>il8</em>, and <em>nfκb</em>. Further, the recombinant hepcidin proteins were effective in suppressing the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. To identify the function of OpHeps <em>in vivo</em>, we performed the overexpression of three <em>OpHep</em>s in zebrafish, and found <em>OpHep</em>s could significantly induce immune-related genes expression in transgenic zebrafish, including <em>myd88</em>, <em>il10</em>, <em>il21</em>, <em>il16</em>, <em>tlr1</em>, <em>tlr3</em> and <em>lysozyme</em>. When infected with <em>V. harveyi</em>, <em>OpHeps</em> transgenic zebrafishes had a higher survival rate than wild-type zebrafishes. The expression of <em>myd88</em>, <em>il10</em>, <em>il8</em>, <em>il1β</em>, <em>nfκb</em> and <em>lysozyme</em> were all significantly up-regulated in transgenic fishes during bacterial infection. In summary, these results indicated that hepcidin could protect fish fight against pathogen through TLR/NFκB signaling cascade and Lysozyme. Three <em>OpHep</em>s would be potential targets for prevention of bacterial infections in aquaculture industry of spotted knifejaw, which provided a new idea for the molecular breeding of fish disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanopore-based full-length transcriptome sequencing of the skin in Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae identifies novel antimicrobial peptide genes","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Huixiang Yan ,&nbsp;Tingting He ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wei ,&nbsp;Yanyan Shi ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuejie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The marbled flounder <em>(Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae</em>) is highly esteemed for its exceptional nutritional value and delicious taste. However, this species has extremely limited transcriptome data, which can offer priceless information for disease protection. In the study, the skin transcriptomic sequencing of <em>P. yokohamae</em> revealed 7.72 GB of clean data using the Nanopore sequencing platform. The results revealed 30,498 transcripts of functional annotations in the <em>P. yokohamae</em> transcriptome. All transcripts were searched in eight functional databases. A total of 10,337 ORFs were obtained, of which 6081 complete ORFs accounted for 58.83% of all predicted CDS. Moreover, 10,195 SSRs were detected. Meanwhile, the non-pecific immunity pathways were investigated for better understanding of the immunological reaction in <em>P. yokohamae,</em> and seven innate immune pathways were identified. The innate-immune related genes were highly expressed in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, followed by the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. In this study, four families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in <em>P. yokohamae</em> were analysed for the first time<em>,</em> including piscidins, hepcidins, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide and defensins. Seven AMPs, including <em>Py</em>pleurocidin-like WF3, <em>Py</em>pleurocidin-like WFX, <em>Py</em>hepcidin 1, <em>Py</em>hepcidin-like 1, <em>Py</em>LEAP-2, <em>Py</em>beta-defensin and <em>Py</em>beta-defensin-like 1, were further identified. The seven AMPs showed a highly identity in their cDNA and genomic structures and an inducible expression pattern preferable to skin in response to pathogens. The transcriptomic data and investigation of AMPs from <em>P. yokohamae</em> promote a deeper awareness of fish mucosal immunity and provide information in the prevention of fish diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of enzymatic hydrolysates of mulberry leaf flavonoids and investigation into its treatment and mechanism for zebrafish inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Dongsheng Jia ,&nbsp;Xi Tian ,&nbsp;Yuting Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Man Wang ,&nbsp;Zhangsen Hao ,&nbsp;Changshun Wang ,&nbsp;Ding Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing year by year in recent years. Flavonoids are the main components of mulberry leaves exerting anti-inflammatory effects and have potential applications in drug screening for IBD treatment. Enzymatic hydrolysis can enhance the bioavailability and activity of flavonoid glycosides. No relevant reports on the potentiation of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) after deglycosylation have been retrieved.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An enzymatic method was used to prepare enzymatic hydrolysates of MLF (EMLF). The protective effect of EMLF on zebrafish with IBD was evaluated by observing zebrafish intestinal length and width, intestinal histopathological morphology, as well as neutrophil and goblet expression. Network pharmacology and metabolomics were performed to explore the mechanism of action of EMLF against IBD. Finally, the mechanism of EMLF against IBD was validated using Western Blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EMLF was successfully prepared by hydrolyzing MLF with snailase for the first time, and the anti-inflammatory effect of EMLF was clarified to be superior to that of MLF in IBD zebrafish. The network pharmacology and metabolomics studies showed that the mechanism of EMLF for IBD may be related to regulation of purine metabolic pathway. The expression levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), critical targets in purine metabolism, were significantly down-regulated, while the expression of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) was significantly increased when compared with the TNBS group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results suggested that enzymatic deglycosylation is an effective measure to enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of MLF, which provides referable ideas and methods for the deep processing and utilization of natural drug resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin is an efficacious therapeutic agent against Chilodonella uncinata via interaction with tubulin alpha chain as protein target","authors":"Wenjia Han ,&nbsp;Kechen Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Tan ,&nbsp;Longkun Gao ,&nbsp;Shenye Qu ,&nbsp;Gengrong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenqi Fan ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Liu ,&nbsp;Erlong Wang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Fei Ling ,&nbsp;Gaoxue Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chilodonella</em>, a parasitic ciliate that infects both cold water and warm water fish, can impede the growth of juvenile fish and cause considerable economic losses globally to freshwater aquaculture. In this study, the parasite was collected from both the gills and zygotes of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). Isolated from diseased fish, the parasites were identified as <em>Chilodonella uncinata</em> based on morphological features and genetical diagnostic characterization using the partial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. To develop an effective approach to treat chilodonellosis caused by <em>C. uncinata</em> in largemouth bass farming, we first developed an <em>in vivo</em> culture model for propagating <em>C. uncinate</em> and thus could use for morphological characterization, molecular analyses and antiparasitic drug screening. Curcumin was successfully identified as an efficacious <em>anti</em>-<em>C. uncinata</em> agent from 26 phytochemical compounds. When administered at a concentration of 6 mg/L, curcumin not only completely cured infected largemouth bass but also shielded uninfected fish from <em>C. uncinata</em> infections. The 24 h median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of curcumin against <em>C. uncinata</em> was 3.098 mg/L. Remarkably, the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of curcumin against largemouth bass was determined to be 17.143 mg/L, approximately 5.533 times higher than EC₅₀. The mechanism of action of curcumin was investigated by the cellular thermal shift assay, demonstrating that tubulin alpha chain was the binding target for curcumin. Moreover, SEM investigations further provided morphological evidence suggesting that curcumin induces parasite demise by disrupting the parasite's body surface and subsequently infiltrating its interior. These findings collectively emphasize the potential of curcumin as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for controlling <em>C. uncinata</em> in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the TRAF gene family in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) and analysis of their expression in response to Vibrio harveyi challenge","authors":"Xiaona Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Huibang Sun ,&nbsp;Dongxue Xia ,&nbsp;Hai Huang ,&nbsp;Quanqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinxiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TRAF (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor) proteins are key mediators of signal transduction in cell signaling and immune regulation within the toll-like receptor (TLR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFR) superfamily. Despite the importance of <em>TRAF</em> genes in teleost innate immunity, study on their functions in <em>C. altivelis</em> is limited. This study utilized bioinformatics methods to identify and named eight <em>TRAF</em> genes (<em>CaTRAF2a</em>, <em>CaTRAF2a-like</em>, <em>CaTRAF2b</em>, <em>CaTRAF3</em>, <em>CaTRAF4a</em>, <em>CaTRAF5</em>, <em>CaTRAF6</em> and <em>CaTRAF7</em>) in <em>C. altivelis</em>. Phylogenetic, syntenic and molecular evolution revealed that all <em>CaTRAF</em> members were evolutionarily conserved in teleost. Domain analysis indicated the presence of a conserved N-terminal RING finger domain in all CaTRAF proteins. Most CaTRAF proteins also featured a MATH domain at the C-terminal, with the exception of <em>CaTRAF7</em> which contained seven repeat WD40 domains. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression patterns of nine different tissues and eight different embryonic development stages of healthy fish, and it was found that there were spatial and tissue specificities among the members. HE staining revealed evident pathological lesions in the tissues post <em>V. harveyi</em> infection. Atrophy and significant bending of the gill lamellae were observed in the gills, while irregular cell shapes, increased fat vacuoles, and enlarged cell volume were noted in the liver. Intestinal tissues displayed thickening of the muscle layer, elongation of intestinal villi, and increased folds. Moreover, the expression of <em>TRAF</em> gene changed significantly after <em>V. harveyi</em> infection. These results would help to clarify the molecular role of <em>CaTRAF</em> gene in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses in <em>C. altivelis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea as a dietary supplement: Optimizing immunity and resistance to Edwardsiella tarda in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)","authors":"Govindharajan Sattanathan ,&nbsp;Swaminathan Padmapriya ,&nbsp;Shine Kadaikunnan ,&nbsp;Jamal M. Khaled ,&nbsp;Guilherme Malafaia ,&nbsp;Marimuthu Govindarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensification of aquaculture has led to a rise in fish infections, necessitating the search for alternative antibiotics. In this context, our study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with <em>Chaetomorpha aerea</em>, a filamentous green algae, on the immune health and resistance to infections in tilapia (<em>Oreochromis mossambicus</em>). Diets containing varying concentrations of <em>C. aerea</em> (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 g/kg) were prepared and administered to the fish for 30 days, followed by a challenge with <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em> to evaluate survival rates. The results were significant. The diet containing 5 g/kg of <em>C. aerea</em> (group T3) brought about substantial improvements in hematological parameters, including increases in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb). The T3 group exhibited a robust immune response, with higher lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activity in immunological assays. LBP gene expression was significantly elevated in the spleen and thymus of fish in the T3 group, which correlated with higher survival after bacterial challenge compared to the control group. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis confirmed that the 5 g/kg concentration stood out for maximizing immunological benefits without compromising the overall health of the fish. These findings highlight the robust immune response in the T3 group, a key finding of our study. We conclude that supplementation with <em>C. aerea</em> represents a promising and sustainable alternative in the formulation of diets for tilapia, contributing to improved health and resistance to diseases. Future studies are recommended to explore its application in other species and development stages, in addition to evaluating other health biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of recombinant liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 derived from olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus","authors":"Min-Hyuk Im ,&nbsp;Yeo-Reum Kim ,&nbsp;Jun-Hwan Byun ,&nbsp;Yu-Jeong Jeon ,&nbsp;Mi-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Han Kyu Lim ,&nbsp;Jong-Myoung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) is a cysteine-rich peptide that plays a crucial role in the innate immune system of fish. To investigate the molecular function of LEAP-2 from olive flounder, <em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>, we cloned the gene encoding LEAP-2 using PCR and expressed it in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Analysis of LEAP-2 expression revealed predominant transcripts in the liver and lower levels in the intestine of olive flounder, whereas their expression levels in the liver and head kidney increased, during the initial stage of infection with the aquapathogenic bacterium <em>Edwa</em><em>rd</em><em>siella piscicida</em>. Recombinant LEAP-2 (rOfLEAP-2) purified from <em>E. coli</em> exhibited antimicrobial activity, as demonstrated by the ultrasensitive radial diffusion assay, against both Gram-positive (<em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Streptococcus parauberis</em>, and <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em>) and Gram-negative (<em>Vibrio harveyi</em> and <em>E. coli</em>) bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL depending on the species tested. The antibacterial activity of rOfLEAP-2 was attributed to its ability to disrupt bacterial membranes, validated by the N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine uptake assays and scanning electron microscope analysis against <em>E. coli, V. harveyi, B. subtilis,</em> and <em>L. garvieae</em> treated with rOfLEAP-2. Furthermore, a synergistic enhancement of antibacterial activity was observed when rOfLEAP-2 was combined with ampicillin or synthetic LEAP-1 peptide, suggesting a distinct mechanism of action from those of other antimicrobial agents. These findings provide evidence for the antibacterial efficacy of LEAP-2 from olive flounder, highlighting its potential therapeutic application against pathogenic bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two homologous genes encoding interleukin (IL)-34 in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Roles in inflammatory modulation and anti-bacterial defense","authors":"Xinyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Mengjie Gao ,&nbsp;Xudong Li ,&nbsp;Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Yunjie Song ,&nbsp;Yanjing Zhao ,&nbsp;Xianghui Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mammals, interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a ligand for macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), promoting inflammatory responses and inducing the synthesis and secretion of various cytokines. However, studies on its function in lower vertebrates is limited, and its evolutionary relationship with homologous molecules in mammals remains unclear. In this study, two IL-34-encoding genes were cloned and identified in common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em> L.), designated as <em>CcIL-34A</em> and <em>CcIL-34B</em>, with an amino acid sequence similarity of 77.7 %. Gene synteny analysis revealed that the <em>IL-34</em> gene loci are relatively conserved, and both are located downstream of <em>SF3B3</em>. The expression patterns of <em>CcIL-34</em>s were analyzed using qRT-PCR, and this showed that they are expressed across all tested tissues, with higher levels in the liver, spleen, and head kidney and lower levels in the gills and intestines. Following infection with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, the mRNA expression levels of <em>CcIL-34</em>s in the gills, head kidney, intestines, and spleen were significantly upregulated. Immunofluorescence was also employed to assess changes in <em>Cc</em>IL-34 protein expression, showing a significant increase in carp spleens 24 h after <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection, suggesting that <em>Cc</em>IL-34s contribute to host defense against this bacterium. To investigate the immunological function of IL-34 in vivo, pc-<em>CcIL-34A</em> and pc-<em>CcIL-34B</em> eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed and injected intramuscularly into fish. Five days after injection, the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the head kidney and spleen were significantly altered. Furthermore, 24 h post-<em>A. hydrophila</em> infection, the bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, and kidneys were significantly reduced. Ten days post-infection, the survival rates in the groups with <em>CcIL-34A</em> and <em>CcIL-34B</em> overexpression were 40 % and 36.7 %, respectively, compared to 16.7 % in the control group. These findings suggest that <em>Cc</em>IL-34s are involved in modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing the immune response, and improving survival rates in fish following bacterial infection, thus supporting the potential use of IL-34 molecules in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide in diet promotes the skin wound healing of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus","authors":"Jintao Pan ,&nbsp;Zhichu Chen ,&nbsp;Guijuan Yu ,&nbsp;Yaoyao Kong ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) in the diet on the skin wound healing process of juvenile turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>). Two groups of diets were formulated, the control diet (CON) and the control diet supplemented with 0.16 % MOS (MOS), which were fed to the turbot separately. Each group had 3 replicates, with 20 fish per replicate. At the end of the feeding trial, all the fish were weighed and counted. Then four fish per tank were randomly selected for sampling, and the skin of the rest fish was wounded by a biopsy punch. The wounded fish continued to be fed as usual with the same diets respectively, and then sampled again at the 1, 3, and 7 day(s) post wounding (dpw). The results by image analysis showed that the wound closure rate of wounded fish was significantly improved by the supplementation of dietary MOS. As for the results of gene expression, dietary MOS promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (<em>il-1β</em> &amp; <em>tnf-α</em>) and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (<em>tgf-β1</em> &amp; <em>il-10</em>). It also enhanced the expression of genes related to re-epithelialization (<em>mmp-9</em>, <em>fgf2</em>, <em>tgf-β1</em>, <em>rock1</em>), as well as new tissue formation and remodeling (<em>fn1</em>, <em>lamb2</em>, <em>col1-α</em>, <em>vegf</em>). Furthermore, dietary MOS promoted re-epithelialization, cell proliferation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis according to the histomorphological observation. In addition, the supplementation of MOS modified the communities of skin microbiota, decreasing the abundance of <em>Rolstonia</em>, <em>Pseudomonas,</em> and <em>Aeromonas</em>, while increasing the abundance of <em>Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea</em> and <em>Shewanella colwellianav</em>. In conclusion, the supplementation of dietary MOS (0.16 %) can promote the re-epithelialization and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, stimulate ECM biosynthesis and angiogenesis, modify the communities of skin microbiota, and ultimately promote the skin wound healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magical role of iron nanoparticles for enhancement of thermal efficiency and gene regulation of fish in response to multiple stresses","authors":"Neeraj Kumar,&nbsp;Paritosh Kumar,&nbsp;Kotha Sammi Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study addresses the challenges of uncontrolled temperature and pollution in aquatic environments, with a focus on fish ability to tolerate high temperature. The investigation aimed to determine the role of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) in enhancing the thermal tolerance of <em>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</em> exposed to high-temperature stress, arsenic (As), and ammonia (NH₃) toxicity. Fe-NPs were synthesized using green approaches, specifically from fish gill. The dietary Fe-NPs were formulated and supplemented at 10, 15, and 20 mg kg⁻¹ of feed. Notably, Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg⁻¹ diet significantly reduced the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) (14.44 ± 0.21 °C) and the lethal thermal minimum (LTmin) (13.46 ± 0.15 °C), compared to the control and other treatment groups. Conversely, when Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg⁻¹ were supplemented with or without exposure to stressors (As + NH₃+T), the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) increased to 47.59 ± 0.16 °C, and the lethal thermal maximum (LTmax) increased to 48.60 ± 0.37 °C, both significantly higher than the control and other groups. A strong correlation was observed between LTmin and CTmin (R² = 0.90) and between CTmax and LTmax (R² = 0.98). Furthermore, dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg⁻¹ significantly upregulated the expression of stress-related genes, including <em>HSP70</em>, <em>iNOS</em>, <em>Caspase-3a</em>, <em>CYP450</em>, <em>MT</em>, <em>cat</em>, <em>sod</em>, <em>gpx</em>, <em>TNFα</em>, <em>IL</em>, <em>TLR</em>, and <em>Ig</em>. The enhanced thermal tolerance (LTmin and LTmax) can be attributed to these gene regulations, suggesting the mechanistic involvement of Fe-NPs in improving thermal resilience. Overall, the findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with Fe-NPs, particularly at 15 mg kg⁻¹, improves thermal tolerance and stress response in <em>P. hypophthalmus</em> by enhancing gene expression and overall thermal efficiency under stressor conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}