Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of two Caspase-1 transcripts that associated with ASC and NLRC3 in apoptosis and inflammatory response in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Qiu Yu Hu ,&nbsp;Kun Huang Han ,&nbsp;Qiu Ye Huang ,&nbsp;Wen Feng Cui ,&nbsp;Qiao Yun Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Shang Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xian Yuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Wen Qi Zha ,&nbsp;Yi Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Hua Jiang ,&nbsp;Peng Fei Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a member of the inflammatory caspases, Caspase-1 can increase the host inflammatory response against pathogen invasion and also function dominantly in apoptosis. In this study, we cloned and obtained two transcripts of Caspase-1 in large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>), namely <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 and <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2. The ORF of <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 is 1239 bp, whereas <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2 is 1167 bp in length, encoding a protein of 412 and 388 aa, and both of which contains a CARD and a CASc domain. Subcellular localization analysis showed that <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 and <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2 are both cytoplasmically localized, and were widely expressed in the tested tissues/organs, with the highest expression level of <em>Lc-Caspase-1_tv1</em> and <em>Lc-Caspase-1_tv2</em> detected in the muscle and intestine, respectively. The expression of <em>Lc-Caspase-1_tv1</em> and <em>Lc-Caspase-1_tv2</em> was markedly induced by poly I:C, LPS, PGN stimulation, and <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> infection. In addition, overexpression of <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 and <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2 significantly induced apoptosis, and the co-expression of <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2 but not <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 with <em>Lc</em>-ASC could significantly enhanced the apoptosis, whereas the co-expression of the Caspase-1 transcripts with <em>Lc</em>-NLRC3 could significantly abolished the apoptosis that mediated by <em>Lc</em>-NLRC3. Furthermore, both <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 and <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2 could form protein complexes with <em>Lc</em>-ASC and <em>Lc</em>-NLRC3. The co-expression of <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv1 with <em>Lc</em>-ASC significantly enhanced the expression levels of <em>IRF3</em>, <em>IRF7</em>, <em>TNF-α</em>, and <em>IFNd</em>, whereas the co-expression of <em>Lc</em>-Caspase-1_tv2 with <em>Lc</em>-ASC significantly enhanced <em>IRF3</em>, <em>Mx</em>, and <em>IFNd</em> expression. Nevertheless, co-expression of the Caspase-1 transcripts with <em>Lc</em>-NLRC3 did not significantly impact expression of these immune-related molecules. These results indicate that Caspase-1 transcripts are essential for apoptosis and immune signaling regulation in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of a strain of Pseudomonas putida and its effect on histopathology, apoptosis, and gene expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","authors":"Baiyu Li ,&nbsp;Jiayi Cai ,&nbsp;Hang Yu ,&nbsp;Chenxiao Xi ,&nbsp;Lejiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiale Chi ,&nbsp;Long Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinghong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>) is one of the most widely species that boasts high economic value in the aquaculture industry. In spite of the exponential growth of aquaculture, infectious bacterial diseases have caused great economic losses in turbot industry. This study isolated and identified a strain of <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, denoted as DY16, and it is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium, therefore we conducted the following research on it. The morphological, physicochemical, and genomic characteristics of bacteria and their pathogenic mechanisms were analyzed by morphological and biochemical characterization and genome sequencing. <em>P. putida</em> effects on the histology and immune-related gene response of turbot were then assessed. Histopathology and TUNEL assay showed that <em>P. putida</em> caused severe damage and induced apoptosis in the gills, intestines, spleen, and liver of turbot, respectively. In addition, this study indicated that the immune-related genes, such as <em>ap4m1, prkca, traf4, itgb4, glb1,</em> and <em>mylk</em> in various turbot tissues after infection with <em>P. putida</em>. Hence, it was hypothesized that these genes could be involved in host immune response and gene regulation in <em>P. putida</em>. Conclusively, <em>P. putida</em> infection caused pathological changes in the gills, intestines, spleen, and liver tissues of turbot and induced significant apoptotic and immune responses. These findings provide useful information and a theoretical basis for further understanding the immune defense mechanisms of <em>P. putida</em> and turbot offering guidance for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma exosomes from viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus-infected olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Proteomic insights and wound healing effects","authors":"Chamilani Nikapitiya,&nbsp;E.H.T. Thulshan Jayathilaka,&nbsp;Mawalle Kankanamge Hasitha Madhawa Dias,&nbsp;Jong-Soo Lee,&nbsp;Mahanama De Zoysa","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or their subtypes, such as exosomes, are valuable nano-biomolecules for immunotherapeutic, drug delivery, and diagnostic purposes. Freshwater and marine fish, including olive flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>), are highly susceptible to the contagious Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In this study, we aimed to determine how infection alters the biological responses by analyzing the proteomic profiles of plasma-derived exosomes from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injected (PBS-Exo) and VHSV challenged (VHSV-Exo) olive flounders at the initial stages of infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that this immunomodulatory multifunctional biomaterial possesses wound-healing effects. To understand this, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and tandem mass spectrometry approach was applied, and differentially expressed (DE) proteins in VHSV-Exo were identified. Following VHSV infection, a total of 2399 unique peptides with 407 proteins, including 27 upregulated and 25 downregulated (<em>q</em> &lt; 0.05), were identified. Compared with mock-infected PBS-Exo, the DE proteome profile of VHSV-Exo is composed of various important biological processes related to metabolic, immune responses, and wound healing. A compiled set of proteins and pathways potentially associated with infection and pathology could be considered as early infectious biomarkers. Furthermore, VHSV-Exo exhibited a stronger wound healing effect than PBS-Exo both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. These results support our aim of demonstrating their multifunctional properties to improve fish health management and sustainable aquaculture practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crayfish IMD responds rapidly to WSSV infection and the activated IMD–Relish–AMPs pathway inhibits viral replication","authors":"Zhaoqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Ji ,&nbsp;Binyan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wu ,&nbsp;Qian Ren ,&nbsp;Xutong Li ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Tianheng Gao ,&nbsp;Xin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the key innate immune pathways in invertebrates is the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway, which effectively combats Gram-negative bacterial infections. In insects, the IMD pathway is involved in the defense against certain viral infections. However, the functional role of the IMD pathway in antiviral immunity remains incompletely characterized in crustaceans. Through this research, a novel <em>IMD</em> gene named <em>PcIMD</em> was characterized in <em>Procambarus clarkii</em>. <em>PcIMD</em> mRNA was abundantly expressed in hemocytes, intestine, and gills. Following stimulation with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), transcriptional levels of <em>PcIMD</em> exhibited an increase in hemocytes and the intestine. Knockdown of <em>PcIMD</em> resulted in an upregulation of <em>vp28</em> expression and increase in viral copy number. Moreover, knockdown of <em>PcIMD</em> reduced the animal survival during WSSV infection. The injection of a recombinant IMD protein (rPcIMD) and WSSV mixture downregulated <em>vp28</em> expression and reduced the viral copy number. Furthermore, interference or overexpression of <em>PcIMD</em> respectively inhibited and promoted the transcript level of <em>PcRelish</em> and expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) after WSSV stimulation. The expressions levels of AMPs were significantly downregulated after silencing of the <em>PcRelish</em> gene when challenged with WSSV. The up-regulation of AMPs were restored after knockdown of <em>PcRelish</em> and overexpression of <em>PcIMD</em> during WSSV infection. In addition, knockdown of <em>PcRelish</em> promoted <em>vp28</em> expression and WSSV replication. In summary, the aforementioned results demonstrated that WSSV stimulation activated the IMD in crayfish, and its activation promoted Relish nuclear translocation, which further induced the expression of AMPs and inhibited virus replication. Our study is a valuable addition to the systematic elucidation of the response of the antiviral effects of the IMD pathway and its response to WSSV stimulation in crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CgCREM regulates haemocyte proliferation and inflammatory factor expression in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Jie Fan ,&nbsp;Pan Luo ,&nbsp;Lunyu Shen ,&nbsp;Jiajun Zuo ,&nbsp;Weilin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Zhou ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cAMP response element modulator (CREM) is a regulatory transcription factor downstream of cAMP signaling, functioning either as a transcriptional activator or repressor in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells. In the present study, <em>Cg</em>CREM with a conserved pKID domain and a BRLZ domain was identified from Pacific oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. The mRNA transcripts of <em>Cg</em>CREM were found to be highly expressed in embryonic stages, especially in the blastula and trochophore. In adult oyster, <em>Cg</em>CREM exhibited the highest expression level in haemolymph, which was 157.3-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) of that in hepatopancreas. By immunofluorescence analysis, <em>Cg</em>CREM was found to mainly localize in the nucleus of oyster haemocytes, especially in semi-granulocytes. After <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation, the mRNA expression of <em>Cg</em>CREM in haemocytes was significantly up-regulated at 3, 6, and 12 h. The binding of <em>Cg</em>CREM to the promotes of downstream <em>Cg</em>Runx1 and <em>Cg</em>CDC-45 was significantly enhanced after <em>V</em>. <em>splendidus</em> stimulation, which was 10.43-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and 3.16-fold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) of that in control group, respectively. After the expression of <em>Cg</em>CREM was knocked-down by RNAi, the expression levels of cell proliferation-related factors (<em>Cg</em>Runx1, <em>Cg</em>BMP7 and <em>Cg</em>GATA-3), and cell cycle regulatory factors (<em>Cg</em>CDC-45, <em>Cg</em>CDK-2 and <em>Cg</em>CDC-6) in haemocytes were significantly reduced after <em>V. splendidus</em> stimulation. Simultaneously, the ratio of EdU⁺ positive haemocytes, granulocytes and semi-granulocytes were significantly reduced in <em>Cg</em>CREM knocked-down oysters, concomitent with the down-regulated expressions of inflammatory factors (<em>Cg</em>IL17-1, <em>Cg</em>IL17-2 and <em>Cg</em>IL17-3). All these results collectively suggested that <em>Cg</em>CREM, as a transcription factor, was involved in regulating expressions of haemocyte proliferation related genes and inflammatory factors in oyster <em>C. gigas</em>, highlighting the pivotal role of CREM in regulating immune response in mollusks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen-bound C-type lectin and ficolin enhance toll receptor signaling is activated through Spätzle1 cleavage in response to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Penaeus monodon","authors":"A. Sajith Ahamed ,&nbsp;M. Mohiadeen Batcha ,&nbsp;Lokesh Ravi ,&nbsp;M. Ashiq Ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Akbar John ,&nbsp;R. Krishnamoorthi ,&nbsp;M. Badhul Haq ,&nbsp;C. Amutha ,&nbsp;P.U. Mahalingam","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic interaction between immune recognition molecules and signaling pathways in the innate immune response of <em>Penaeus monodon</em> to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection is unveiled in this study. Through comprehensive gene expression profiling, we demonstrate significant upregulation of key immune genes, including a specific C-type lectin and a defined ficolin isoform, in WSSV-infected hemocytes, underscoring their pivotal roles in pathogen recognition and antiviral defense. Leveraging advanced molecular techniques, we successfully expressed, purified, and characterized these recombinant proteins, revealing their time-dependent expression and high-affinity binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Intriguingly, pathogen-bound lectin and ficolin were found to modulate Spätzle1 cleavage and enhance its interaction with a functionally characterized Toll receptor variant, suggesting a sophisticated mechanism for immune activation. Computational analyses using HADDOCK and PDBePISA further elucidated the structural and energetic basis of Toll receptor interactions with cleaved Spätzle1 peptides, highlighting the critical role of hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions in complex stabilization. Temporal expression dynamics of <em>MyD88</em> and <em>TRAF6</em> following Spätzle1 injection revealed a robust, time-dependent activation of Toll-mediated signaling pathways, with peak expression at 24 h post-injection. These findings not only deepen our understanding of crustacean immunity but also provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogen recognition and immune modulation. The study positions this specific lectin and ficolin variants as key regulators of innate immunity, offering promising avenues for therapeutic interventions in aquaculture and beyond. By bridging molecular insights with functional validation, this work lays the groundwork for future research aimed at harnessing these immune molecules for sustainable disease management and immunotherapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropeptide F interacts with its receptor and regulates the immune response of Sepiella japonica","authors":"Xu Zhou ,&nbsp;Pei-Xuan Fang ,&nbsp;Jia-Yin Qiu,&nbsp;Shuang Li,&nbsp;Chang-Feng Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mammals, neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recognized for its role in modulating the immune response of host. However, invertebrate neuropeptide F (NPF), as a homologous gene of NPY, has been minimally explored immunomodulatory function. In this study, <em>NPF</em> and <em>NPF</em> receptor (<em>NPFR</em>) mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in sick <em>Sepiella japonica</em>, and in juvenile <em>S. japonica</em> after bath infection of <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>. Subsequently, hemocytes of <em>S. japonica</em> were isolated, and <em>Sj</em>_<em>NPF</em> and <em>Sj</em>_<em>NPFR</em> mRNAs were notably induced in the hemocyte of <em>S. japonica</em> after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Flow cytometry and pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between <em>Sj</em>_NPF and <em>Sj</em>_NPFR. Afterwards, knockdown of NPF notably decreased the mRNA expression of <em>NPFR,</em> Nitric oxide synthase (<em>NOS</em>)<em>,</em> Toll-like receptor (<em>TLR</em>) and Interleukin-17-7 (<em>IL-17-7</em>) in the white body of <em>S. japonica</em>. Furthermore, after <em>in vivo</em> injection of NPF mature peptide, <em>NPFR</em>, <em>NOS</em>, <em>TLR</em>, <em>TNF</em> and <em>IL-17-</em>7 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the white body of <em>S. japonica</em>, with <em>TNF</em> and <em>IL-17-</em>7 mRNAs also showing significant induction in the liver of <em>S. japonica</em>. Interestingly, <em>NPFR</em>, <em>TLR</em>, <em>MyD88</em> and <em>IL-17-</em>7 mRNAs were significantly decreased in the gill of <em>S. japonica</em> after <em>in vivo</em> injection of NPF mature peptide. Finally, the colocalization of <em>Sj</em>_<em>NPF</em> and <em>Sj</em>_<em>NOS</em> mRNAs was observed in the dorsal area of juvenile cuttlefish using whole-mount <em>in situ</em> hybridization (WISH), and NO content was increased at 24 h and 48 h in the liver after <em>in vivo</em> injection of NPF mature peptide. Collectively, these results uncover that the <em>Sj</em>_NPF may interact with its receptor and mediate immune response to eliminate invasive pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of inactivated SPIV vaccine in sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicas) by intraperitoneal injection and immersion immunization","authors":"Mengke Liu ,&nbsp;Haotian Chen ,&nbsp;Zihao Zeng ,&nbsp;Guanghui Mu ,&nbsp;Dongzhuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Youhua Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Huang ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea perch is one of the most important fish species farmed in China. However, the frequent outbreak of viral diseases induced by sea perch iridovirus (SPIV) always caused high mortality and heavy economic losses in sea perch aquaculture. Up to now, no effective countermeasures against SPIV infection have been established. Here, the inactivated SPIV combined with ISA 763B VG (SPIV/763B) or IMS 1312 VG (SPIV/1312) were used for injection and immersion immunization, respectively. The potential immunoprotective effects of vaccines against SPIV infection were evaluated after the safety test of vaccines. Following challenge with SPIV, fish vaccinated with SPIV/763B or SPIV/1312 by injection or immersion exhibited high protection efficacy against SPIV compared to PBS group, with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 81.7 % and 63.7 %, respectively. The vaccinated groups also showed a significant reduction in both viral load and mRNA levels of viral genes in different tissues. Additionally, the number of basophilic hypertrophied cells induced by SPIV was dramatically decreased in the vaccinated groups. Moreover, the specific serum antibody was detected from 7 days post-vaccination and the transcription levels of innate immune-related genes (IRF3, IRF7, ISG15, Mx-2, MyD88) and adaptive immune-related gene (IgM) were differently up-regulated in SPIV/763B or SPIV/1312 vaccinated groups compared to the control group. Taken together, our results indicated that the combination of inactivated SPIV with different adjuvants could provide effective protection against SPIV infection in sea perch via activation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amazonian buriti and pracaxi as potential functional feed additives to improve shrimp immunity and resistance to WSSV","authors":"José Stênio A. Rebouças ,&nbsp;Abdon O. Vieira ,&nbsp;Ediane M. Rubas ,&nbsp;Doris S.M. Souza ,&nbsp;Franceli R. Kulcheski ,&nbsp;Larissa Müller ,&nbsp;Vitória D. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Juliane Ventura Lima ,&nbsp;Felipe W. Mendonça ,&nbsp;Rafael D. Rosa ,&nbsp;Luciane M. Perazzolo","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental and nutritional factors are critical in modulating the immune system of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>, particularly under viral threats such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). This study evaluated the effects of two Amazonian plant-based feed additives, buriti (<em>Mauritia flexuosa</em>) and pracaxi (<em>Pentaclethra macroloba</em>) brans, on shrimp immunocompetence, oxidative balance, and resistance to WSSV. Shrimp were fed diets supplemented with 4 % or 8 % of each ingredient. The group receiving 8 % buriti (B8) exhibited the most consistent improvements in immunoparameters, including enhanced phenoloxidase activity, elevated serum protein concentration, and stronger agglutination responses against marine bacterial pathogens. In contrast, pracaxi-supplemented diets negatively affected shrimp performance and survival. Following WSSV challenge, shrimp fed the B8 diet showed a 25 % increase in survival compared to controls. Biochemical analyses revealed increased catalase activity, elevated reduced glutathione levels, and decreased lipid peroxidation, indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress in the hepatopancreas. Additionally, the expression of immune-related genes (PPAE1, PPAE2, TGII, CAT) and antiviral effectors (Vago4, Vago5, STING) was upregulated, suggesting activation of antimicrobial, redox-sensitive and interferon-like antiviral pathways. No significant changes in midgut bacterial microbiota were observed, the dietary safety of the B8 formulation. These findings demonstrate that dietary inclusion of buriti bran at 8 % emerges as a natural feed additive that enhances WSSV resistance in <em>P. vannamei</em> by promoting immune resilience and oxidative homeostasis. Moreover, its sustainable production and alignment with circular economy principles and the Blue Amazon initiative underscore its potential as a functional feed additive for eco-friendly aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid metabolism and immune crosstalk in fish gut-liver axis: Insights from SOCS8 knockout and dietary stress models","authors":"Fatima Altaf ,&nbsp;Nan Wu ,&nbsp;Mijuan Shi ,&nbsp;Jialin Li ,&nbsp;Junwei Shan ,&nbsp;Lian Su ,&nbsp;Guangxin Wang ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuhang Hu ,&nbsp;Yinying Cheng ,&nbsp;Wanting Zhang ,&nbsp;Bruno Hamish Unger ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metaflammation, a chronic immune response triggered by metabolic dysregulation, poses significant threats to gut-liver homeostasis in aquaculture species. To understand the progression of metaflammation, it is crucial to examine the role of SOCS8 deficiency in <em>socs8</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} zebrafish, as this species may serve as a disease model for metabolic disorders due to the gradual dysregulation of immunity, metabolism, and the gut microbiota observed in them. This study examines the immune-metabolic crosstalk in grass carp, subjected to soybean meal-induced enteritis, and in s<em>ocs8</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} zebrafish under genetic and dietary stress. SOCS8 is a negative regulator of cytokine signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway; its deficiency mirrors the persistent inflammatory and insulin-resistant states commonly seen in carnivorous fish-fed high-soybean diets, making it a valuable model for studying diet-induced metaflammation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression profiling, and immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that grass carp respond to dietary stress with disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, activating MAPK, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor pathways associated with metaflammation. In contrast, <em>socs8</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} zebrafish displayed a metaflammatory state, with upregulation of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity-related genes such as <em>ppargc1a</em>, <em>prkaa1</em>, <em>mdm2</em>, and <em>srebf1</em>, along with impaired regulatory T cell activity and elevated Th17 polarization. Adaptive immune dysfunction was characterized by a further downregulation of <em>cd74a</em> and <em>s1pr4</em>, suggesting impaired antigen presentation. NicheNet analysis, adapted using zebrafish-human ortholog mapping, identified <em>jam2a</em> and <em>tgfb3</em> as central ligands mediating immune barrier dysfunction and metabolic inflammation. These ligands were closely associated with macrophage activation, tissue remodeling, and extracellular matrix stress. Consider, these findings collectively elucidate the molecular architecture of metaflammation in both herbivorous and model fish species, emphasizing the role of SOCS8 in regulating immunometabolic balance and providing candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving gut-liver health in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}