Fibers最新文献_第3页

Novel Fiber-Based Padding Materials for Football Helmets 新型纤维基足球头盔填充材料

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110096

Jared J. Correia, Vijaya Chalivendra, Yong Kim

{"title":"Novel Fiber-Based Padding Materials for Football Helmets","authors":"Jared J. Correia, Vijaya Chalivendra, Yong Kim","doi":"10.3390/fib11110096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110096","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study is performed to determine the head mechanics of American football helmets equipped with novel fiber energy absorbing material (FEAM). FEAM-based padding materials have substrates of textile fabrics and foam made with nylon fibers using electro-static flocking process. Both linear and angular accelerations of the sport helmets are determined under impact loads using a custom-built linear impactor and instrumented head. The effectiveness of padding materials and vinyl nitrile (VN) foam for impact loads on six different head positions that simulate two helmeted sport athletes in real-time helmet-to-helmet strike/impact is investigated. A high-speed camera is used to record and track neck flexion angles and compare them with pad effectiveness to better understand the head kinematics of struck players at three different impact speeds (6 m/s, 8 m/s, and 10 m/s). At impact speed of 6 m/s and 8 m/s, the FEAM-based padding material of 60 denier fibers showed superior resistance for angular acceleration. Although novel pads of VN foam flocked with 60 denier fibers outperformed with lowest linear acceleration for most of the head positions at low impact speed of 6 m/s, VN foam with no fibers demonstrated excellent performance for linear acceleration at other two speeds.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"331 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Incorporated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials 微囊化相变材料纤维增强高性能混凝土性能研究

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110094

Mahmoud Rady, Ahmed M. Soliman

{"title":"Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Incorporated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials","authors":"Mahmoud Rady, Ahmed M. Soliman","doi":"10.3390/fib11110094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110094","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of environmental concerns, many attempts were proposed to optimize energy efficiency for buildings and consequently reduce their carbon footprint. As a sustainable approach, it is a promising solution to incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) in construction materials (i.e., ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)) to increase its thermal storage capacity and reduce the operation energy. However, incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) into cementitious materials negatively impacts the fresh and hardened properties. UHPC’s improved mechanical strength allows for the creation of slimmer and lighter structures, which may result in less demand in concrete manufacturing and fewer emissions. Hence, the properties of UHPC incorporated with MPCMs (MPCM-UHPC) need more investigations. To fill the gap in the literature about the lack of information about MPCM-UHPC performance, this paper provides a comprehensive work to study the mechanical, thermal, and impact resistance properties of (MPCM-UHPC). Proportions of 5% and 10% of MPCMs were incorporated as a replacement of sand by volume. Proportions of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of micro steel fiber reinforcement were used as a percentage of the mixture’s total volume. The results revealed the importance of fiber reinforcement in compensating for the negative effect of MPCMs inclusion for improving the thermal properties. Increasing the amount of MPCMs enhanced the thermal performance of the produced UHPC panels through the ability to absorb and release the energy during the phase change process.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"24 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Alkali Treatment under Ambient and Heated Conditions on the Physicochemical, Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties of Calamus tenuis Cane Fibers 常温和加热条件下碱处理对菖蒲纤维理化、结构、形态和热性能的影响

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110092

Arup Kar, Dip Saikia, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Carlo Santulli, Cristiano Fragassa, Sabu Thomas

{"title":"Effect of Alkali Treatment under Ambient and Heated Conditions on the Physicochemical, Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties of Calamus tenuis Cane Fibers","authors":"Arup Kar, Dip Saikia, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Carlo Santulli, Cristiano Fragassa, Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.3390/fib11110092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110092","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effect of alkali treatment at ambient (25 °C) and elevated temperatures (100 °C) on the physicochemical, structural, morphological, and thermal properties of Calamus tenuis cane fibers (CTCFs) for the first time. Our purpose is to investigate their potential use as reinforcement in polymer composites, since cane fibers are generally known for their accurate and consistent geometrical orientation. Treatment with 8% (w/v) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is carried out at ambient temperature and at 100 °C for 4 h. Chemical analysis and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate some removal of non-cellulosic elements from CTCFs during alkali treatment, resulting in increased surface roughness, as confirmed by using SEM micrographs. This removal of non-cellulosic elements leads to an enhancement in the density of the treated CTCFs. Untreated and treated fibers are analyzed for maximum degradation temperature, thermal stability, and kinetic activation energy (Ea) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In particular, Ea was considerably diminished with treatment and temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show an improved crystallinity index (37.38% to 44.02%) and crystallite size (2.73 nm to 2.98 nm) for fibers treated with 8% NaOH at ambient temperature. In conclusion, a general benefit was achieved by treating CTCFs, though the influence of increasing temperature treatment appears controversial.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"18 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization Specifications for FRP Pultruded Materials: From Constituents to Pultruded Profiles 玻璃钢拉挤材料的特性规范:从成分到拉挤型材

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110093

Ehsan Harati Khalilabad, Alvaro Ruiz Emparanza, Francisco De Caso, Hossein Roghani, Nima Khodadadi, Antonio Nanni

引用次数: 0

A Comparison of Chitosan Adhesion to KOH and H2O2 Pre-Treated Electrospun Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Nanofibers 壳聚糖与KOH和H2O2预处理静电纺丝聚3-羟基丁酸酯纳米纤维的黏附比较

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110091

Yansheng Zhou, Daqing Li, Xin Li, Ying Li, Bing Li, Fenglei Zhou

{"title":"A Comparison of Chitosan Adhesion to KOH and H2O2 Pre-Treated Electrospun Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Nanofibers","authors":"Yansheng Zhou, Daqing Li, Xin Li, Ying Li, Bing Li, Fenglei Zhou","doi":"10.3390/fib11110091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110091","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan coatings could effectively increase the biostability and biocompatibility of biomaterials while maintaining their structural integrity. In this study, electrospun fibrous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) membranes were pre-treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then modified with dopamine (DA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve their adhesion with chitosan (CS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angles (WCA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to demonstrate the successful generation of DA and GA-modified PHB fibers. KOH pre-treated PHB membranes exhibited superior binding efficiency with CS at low concentrations compared to their H2O2 pre-treated counterparts. The thermal analysis demonstrated a considerable decrease in the degradation temperature and crystallinity of KOH pre-treated membranes, with temperatures dropping from 309 °C to 265.5 °C and crystallinity reducing from 100% to 25.59% as CS concentration increased from 0 to 2 w/v%. In comparison, H2O2 pre-treated membranes experienced a mild reduction in degradation temperature, from 309 °C to 284.4 °C, and a large decrease in crystallinity from 100% to 43%. UV-vis analysis using Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A dye (CBR) indicated similar binding efficiencies at low CS concentrations for both pre-treatments, but decreased stability at higher concentrations for KOH pre-treated membranes. Mechanical testing revealed a considerable increase in Young’s modulus (2 to 14%), toughness (31 to 60%), and ultimate tensile stress (UTS) (14 to 63%) for KOH-treated membranes compared with H2O2 pre-treated membranes as CS concentration increased from 0 to 2 w/v%.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"48 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135013056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-Generation Cellulosic Filaments from Hemp Pulp via Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Using HighPerCell® Technology 使用HighPerCell®技术通过干喷湿纺丝从大麻浆中提取新一代纤维细丝

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110090

Antje Ota, Marc Philip Vocht, Ronald Beyer, Anne Reboux, Charles Reboux, Frank Hermanutz

{"title":"Next-Generation Cellulosic Filaments from Hemp Pulp via Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Using HighPerCell® Technology","authors":"Antje Ota, Marc Philip Vocht, Ronald Beyer, Anne Reboux, Charles Reboux, Frank Hermanutz","doi":"10.3390/fib11110090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110090","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber demand of cellulosic fibers is rapidly increasing; however, these fibers are mainly based on the use of wood pulp (WP), which often have long transport times and, consequently, a high CO2 footprint. So, alternative pulps based on non-wood, annual fast-growing plants are an option to cover the demand for raw materials and resources. Herein, we report on the use of a novel developed hemp pulp (HP) for man-made cellulosic fiber filament spinning. Commercial WP was used as a reference material. While HP could be used and directly spun as received without any further pretreatment, an additional step to adjust the degree of polymerization (DP) was needed to use the wood pulp. Continuous filaments were spun using a novel dry-jet wet spinning (HighPerCell® process) technique, which is based on the use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanoate ([C2C1im][Oc]) as a solvent. Via this approach, several thousand meters (12,000 m–15,000 m) of continuous multifilament filaments were spun. The HP pulps showed excellent spinning performance. The novel approach allows the preparation of cellulosic fibers for either technical—with high tensile strength—or textile—possessing a low fibrillation tendency—applications. Textile hemp-based filaments were used for first weaving trials, resulting in a flawless fabric.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"114 10-11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization and Dispersion Tailoring of Chalcogenide M-Type Fibers Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm 基于改进遗传算法的硫族m型纤维优化与色散裁剪

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110089

Nikolay I. Salnikov, Alexey V. Andrianov, Elena A. Anashkina

{"title":"Optimization and Dispersion Tailoring of Chalcogenide M-Type Fibers Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Nikolay I. Salnikov, Alexey V. Andrianov, Elena A. Anashkina","doi":"10.3390/fib11110089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110089","url":null,"abstract":"M-type optical fibers in which a core is surrounded by a thin ring layer with a higher refractive index have attracted increasing attention in recent years. One of their advantageous features is the ability to operate a non-fundamental LP02 mode possessing unusual dispersion properties, namely, a zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) shifted to the short wavelength region relative to the material ZDW. The LP02 mode can be selectively excited since it is predominantly localized near the core, while the fundamental LP01 and other higher modes are localized near the ring (for proper fiber parameters). In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of effective dispersion tailoring for the HE12 mode of highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass fibers (for which the LP mode approximation fails due to large refractive index contrasts). We demonstrate fiber designs for which ZDWs can be shifted to the spectral region < 2 μm, which is of great interest for the development of mid-IR supercontinuum sources and frequency-tunable pulse sources with standard near-IR pumping. We obtained the characteristic equation and solved it numerically to find mode fields and dispersion characteristics. We show the possibility of achieving dispersion characteristics of the HE12 mode with one, two, three, and four ZDWs in the wavelength range of 1.5–5.5 μm. We used a modified genetic algorithm (MGA) to design fibers with desired dispersion parameters. In particular, by applying an MGA, we optimized four fiber parameters and constructed a fiber for which HE12 mode dispersion is anomalous in the 1.735–5.155 μm range.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"37 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Natural Growth of CaCO3 Crystals on Hemp Yarns: A Morphology Analysis and the Mechanical Effects on Composites CaCO3晶体在大麻纱线上的自然生长:形态分析及其对复合材料的力学影响

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100088

Quentin Drouhet, Romain Barbière, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, David Mellier

引用次数: 0

Conversion of Animal-Derived Protein By-Products into a New Dual-Layer Nanofiber Biomaterial by Electrospinning Process 静电纺丝法将动物源性蛋白质副产品转化为新型双层纳米纤维生物材料

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100087

Carmen Gaidău, Maria Râpă, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Ecaterina Matei, Andrei Constantin Berbecaru, Cristian Predescu, Liliana Mititelu-Tartau

{"title":"Conversion of Animal-Derived Protein By-Products into a New Dual-Layer Nanofiber Biomaterial by Electrospinning Process","authors":"Carmen Gaidău, Maria Râpă, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Ecaterina Matei, Andrei Constantin Berbecaru, Cristian Predescu, Liliana Mititelu-Tartau","doi":"10.3390/fib11100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100087","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to design a dual-layer wound dressing as a new fibrous biomaterial based on the valorization of animal-derived proteins. The first layer was fabricated by the deposition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loaded with keratin hydrolysate (KH) via a mono-electrospinning process onto a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film, which was used as a support. The second layer consisted of encapsulating a bovine collagen hydrolysate (CH) into poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) through a coaxial electrospinning process, which was added onto the previous layer. This assemblage was characterized by electronic microscopy for morphology and the controlled release of KH. In vitro biocompatibility was evaluated on the L929 (NCTC) murine fibroblasts using quantitative MTT assay and qualitative cell morphological examination after Giemsa staining. Additionally, in vivo biocompatibility methods were used to assess the impact of the biomaterial on white Swiss mice, including the evaluation of hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles, as well as its impact on oxidative stress. The results revealed a nanofibrous structure for each layer, and the assembled product demonstrated antioxidant activity, controlled release of KH, a high degree of in vitro biocompatibility, negligible hematological and biochemical changes, and minimal impact of certain specific oxidative stress parameters compared to the use of patches with textile support.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of the Alkali-Silane Treatment of Agave lechuguilla Fibers (Ixtle) for Potential Reinforcement in Polymeric Composites 龙舌兰纤维碱硅烷处理在聚合物复合材料中增强性能的优化

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100086

Noemi Jardon-Maximino, Mariamne Dehonor Gómez, Rolando Villa Moreno, M. D. Baeza-Alvarado, Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe

{"title":"Optimization of the Alkali-Silane Treatment of Agave lechuguilla Fibers (Ixtle) for Potential Reinforcement in Polymeric Composites","authors":"Noemi Jardon-Maximino, Mariamne Dehonor Gómez, Rolando Villa Moreno, M. D. Baeza-Alvarado, Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe","doi":"10.3390/fib11100086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100086","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforced polymeric composites with natural fibers have garnered significant interest in recent years due to the need for biomass utilization and the requirements of various industries, such as automotive and construction. Among these natural fibers, Agave lechuguilla fiber, commonly known as ixtle (FIx) or Tampico fiber, exhibits important characteristics such as length, high strength, and durability. However, there is limited literature on its conditioning, functionalization, and utilization as a reinforcing material in polymeric composites (CP). This study presents the optimization of the alkali-silane treatment of FIx, identifying the most suitable reaction conditions to enhance their thermal stability, tensile strength, and silane coupling agent (ACSi) grafting on the fiber surface. The chemical treatment with ACSi proved highly effective, resulting in a significant grafting content, which was confirmed through FTIR and SEM–EDS analyses. The high level of functionalization did not compromise the mechanical performance of the fibers, suggesting that functionalized FIx holds great potential as a reinforcing material in CP. These findings open new paths for the sustainable use of Agave lechuguilla fibers, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance polymeric composites in various industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135917843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0