Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110091

Yansheng Zhou, Daqing Li, Xin Li, Ying Li, Bing Li, Fenglei Zhou

{"title":"A Comparison of Chitosan Adhesion to KOH and H2O2 Pre-Treated Electrospun Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Nanofibers","authors":"Yansheng Zhou, Daqing Li, Xin Li, Ying Li, Bing Li, Fenglei Zhou","doi":"10.3390/fib11110091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110091","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan coatings could effectively increase the biostability and biocompatibility of biomaterials while maintaining their structural integrity. In this study, electrospun fibrous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) membranes were pre-treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then modified with dopamine (DA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve their adhesion with chitosan (CS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angles (WCA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to demonstrate the successful generation of DA and GA-modified PHB fibers. KOH pre-treated PHB membranes exhibited superior binding efficiency with CS at low concentrations compared to their H2O2 pre-treated counterparts. The thermal analysis demonstrated a considerable decrease in the degradation temperature and crystallinity of KOH pre-treated membranes, with temperatures dropping from 309 °C to 265.5 °C and crystallinity reducing from 100% to 25.59% as CS concentration increased from 0 to 2 w/v%. In comparison, H2O2 pre-treated membranes experienced a mild reduction in degradation temperature, from 309 °C to 284.4 °C, and a large decrease in crystallinity from 100% to 43%. UV-vis analysis using Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A dye (CBR) indicated similar binding efficiencies at low CS concentrations for both pre-treatments, but decreased stability at higher concentrations for KOH pre-treated membranes. Mechanical testing revealed a considerable increase in Young’s modulus (2 to 14%), toughness (31 to 60%), and ultimate tensile stress (UTS) (14 to 63%) for KOH-treated membranes compared with H2O2 pre-treated membranes as CS concentration increased from 0 to 2 w/v%.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"48 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135013056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-Generation Cellulosic Filaments from Hemp Pulp via Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Using HighPerCell® Technology 使用HighPerCell®技术通过干喷湿纺丝从大麻浆中提取新一代纤维细丝

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110090

Antje Ota, Marc Philip Vocht, Ronald Beyer, Anne Reboux, Charles Reboux, Frank Hermanutz

{"title":"Next-Generation Cellulosic Filaments from Hemp Pulp via Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Using HighPerCell® Technology","authors":"Antje Ota, Marc Philip Vocht, Ronald Beyer, Anne Reboux, Charles Reboux, Frank Hermanutz","doi":"10.3390/fib11110090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110090","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber demand of cellulosic fibers is rapidly increasing; however, these fibers are mainly based on the use of wood pulp (WP), which often have long transport times and, consequently, a high CO2 footprint. So, alternative pulps based on non-wood, annual fast-growing plants are an option to cover the demand for raw materials and resources. Herein, we report on the use of a novel developed hemp pulp (HP) for man-made cellulosic fiber filament spinning. Commercial WP was used as a reference material. While HP could be used and directly spun as received without any further pretreatment, an additional step to adjust the degree of polymerization (DP) was needed to use the wood pulp. Continuous filaments were spun using a novel dry-jet wet spinning (HighPerCell® process) technique, which is based on the use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanoate ([C2C1im][Oc]) as a solvent. Via this approach, several thousand meters (12,000 m–15,000 m) of continuous multifilament filaments were spun. The HP pulps showed excellent spinning performance. The novel approach allows the preparation of cellulosic fibers for either technical—with high tensile strength—or textile—possessing a low fibrillation tendency—applications. Textile hemp-based filaments were used for first weaving trials, resulting in a flawless fabric.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"114 10-11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization and Dispersion Tailoring of Chalcogenide M-Type Fibers Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm 基于改进遗传算法的硫族m型纤维优化与色散裁剪

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110089

Nikolay I. Salnikov, Alexey V. Andrianov, Elena A. Anashkina

{"title":"Optimization and Dispersion Tailoring of Chalcogenide M-Type Fibers Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Nikolay I. Salnikov, Alexey V. Andrianov, Elena A. Anashkina","doi":"10.3390/fib11110089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110089","url":null,"abstract":"M-type optical fibers in which a core is surrounded by a thin ring layer with a higher refractive index have attracted increasing attention in recent years. One of their advantageous features is the ability to operate a non-fundamental LP02 mode possessing unusual dispersion properties, namely, a zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) shifted to the short wavelength region relative to the material ZDW. The LP02 mode can be selectively excited since it is predominantly localized near the core, while the fundamental LP01 and other higher modes are localized near the ring (for proper fiber parameters). In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of effective dispersion tailoring for the HE12 mode of highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass fibers (for which the LP mode approximation fails due to large refractive index contrasts). We demonstrate fiber designs for which ZDWs can be shifted to the spectral region < 2 μm, which is of great interest for the development of mid-IR supercontinuum sources and frequency-tunable pulse sources with standard near-IR pumping. We obtained the characteristic equation and solved it numerically to find mode fields and dispersion characteristics. We show the possibility of achieving dispersion characteristics of the HE12 mode with one, two, three, and four ZDWs in the wavelength range of 1.5–5.5 μm. We used a modified genetic algorithm (MGA) to design fibers with desired dispersion parameters. In particular, by applying an MGA, we optimized four fiber parameters and constructed a fiber for which HE12 mode dispersion is anomalous in the 1.735–5.155 μm range.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"37 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Natural Growth of CaCO3 Crystals on Hemp Yarns: A Morphology Analysis and the Mechanical Effects on Composites CaCO3晶体在大麻纱线上的自然生长:形态分析及其对复合材料的力学影响

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100088

Quentin Drouhet, Romain Barbière, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, David Mellier

引用次数: 0

Conversion of Animal-Derived Protein By-Products into a New Dual-Layer Nanofiber Biomaterial by Electrospinning Process 静电纺丝法将动物源性蛋白质副产品转化为新型双层纳米纤维生物材料

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100087

Carmen Gaidău, Maria Râpă, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Ecaterina Matei, Andrei Constantin Berbecaru, Cristian Predescu, Liliana Mititelu-Tartau

{"title":"Conversion of Animal-Derived Protein By-Products into a New Dual-Layer Nanofiber Biomaterial by Electrospinning Process","authors":"Carmen Gaidău, Maria Râpă, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Ecaterina Matei, Andrei Constantin Berbecaru, Cristian Predescu, Liliana Mititelu-Tartau","doi":"10.3390/fib11100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100087","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to design a dual-layer wound dressing as a new fibrous biomaterial based on the valorization of animal-derived proteins. The first layer was fabricated by the deposition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loaded with keratin hydrolysate (KH) via a mono-electrospinning process onto a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film, which was used as a support. The second layer consisted of encapsulating a bovine collagen hydrolysate (CH) into poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) through a coaxial electrospinning process, which was added onto the previous layer. This assemblage was characterized by electronic microscopy for morphology and the controlled release of KH. In vitro biocompatibility was evaluated on the L929 (NCTC) murine fibroblasts using quantitative MTT assay and qualitative cell morphological examination after Giemsa staining. Additionally, in vivo biocompatibility methods were used to assess the impact of the biomaterial on white Swiss mice, including the evaluation of hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles, as well as its impact on oxidative stress. The results revealed a nanofibrous structure for each layer, and the assembled product demonstrated antioxidant activity, controlled release of KH, a high degree of in vitro biocompatibility, negligible hematological and biochemical changes, and minimal impact of certain specific oxidative stress parameters compared to the use of patches with textile support.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of the Alkali-Silane Treatment of Agave lechuguilla Fibers (Ixtle) for Potential Reinforcement in Polymeric Composites 龙舌兰纤维碱硅烷处理在聚合物复合材料中增强性能的优化

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100086

Noemi Jardon-Maximino, Mariamne Dehonor Gómez, Rolando Villa Moreno, M. D. Baeza-Alvarado, Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe

{"title":"Optimization of the Alkali-Silane Treatment of Agave lechuguilla Fibers (Ixtle) for Potential Reinforcement in Polymeric Composites","authors":"Noemi Jardon-Maximino, Mariamne Dehonor Gómez, Rolando Villa Moreno, M. D. Baeza-Alvarado, Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe","doi":"10.3390/fib11100086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100086","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforced polymeric composites with natural fibers have garnered significant interest in recent years due to the need for biomass utilization and the requirements of various industries, such as automotive and construction. Among these natural fibers, Agave lechuguilla fiber, commonly known as ixtle (FIx) or Tampico fiber, exhibits important characteristics such as length, high strength, and durability. However, there is limited literature on its conditioning, functionalization, and utilization as a reinforcing material in polymeric composites (CP). This study presents the optimization of the alkali-silane treatment of FIx, identifying the most suitable reaction conditions to enhance their thermal stability, tensile strength, and silane coupling agent (ACSi) grafting on the fiber surface. The chemical treatment with ACSi proved highly effective, resulting in a significant grafting content, which was confirmed through FTIR and SEM–EDS analyses. The high level of functionalization did not compromise the mechanical performance of the fibers, suggesting that functionalized FIx holds great potential as a reinforcing material in CP. These findings open new paths for the sustainable use of Agave lechuguilla fibers, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance polymeric composites in various industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135917843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Electrospun Fibers with Bioactive or Electroconductive Phases for Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds 具有生物活性或导电相的聚乙烯醇基静电纺丝纤维用于组织工程支架的优化

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100085

Zeynep Renkler, Iriczalli Cruz Maya, Vincenzo Guarino

{"title":"Optimization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Electrospun Fibers with Bioactive or Electroconductive Phases for Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds","authors":"Zeynep Renkler, Iriczalli Cruz Maya, Vincenzo Guarino","doi":"10.3390/fib11100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100085","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate mimicking of the fibrillary structure of the extracellular matrix represents one of the critical aspects of tissue engineering, playing a significant role in cell behavior and functions during the regenerative process. This work proposed the design of PVA-based multi-component membranes as a valuable and highly versatile strategy to support in vitro regeneration of different tissues. PVA can be successfully processed through electrospinning processes, allowing for the integration of other organic/inorganic materials suitable to confer additive bio-functional properties to the fibers to improve their biological response. It was demonstrated that adding polyethylene oxide (PEO) improves fiber processability; moreover, SEM analyses confirmed that blending PVA with PEO or gelatin enables the reduction of fiber size from 1.527 ± 0.66 μm to 0.880 ± 0.30 μm and 0.938 ± 0.245 μm, respectively, also minimizing defect formation. Furthermore, in vitro tests confirmed that gelatin integration allows the formation of bioactive nanofibers with improved biological response in terms of L929 adhesion and proliferation. Lastly, the processability of PVA fibers with conductive phases such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has also been verified. From this perspective, they could be promisingly used to design electroactive composite fibers able to support the regeneration process of electrically stimulated tissues such as nerves or muscles.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Analysis of Dual-Wavelength Tungsten-Tellurite Fiber Raman Lasers with Controllable Mode Switching 可控模式切换双波长钨碲光纤拉曼激光器的数值分析

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100084

Elena A. Anashkina, Alexey V. Andrianov

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Dual-Wavelength Tungsten-Tellurite Fiber Raman Lasers with Controllable Mode Switching","authors":"Elena A. Anashkina, Alexey V. Andrianov","doi":"10.3390/fib11100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100084","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber laser sources in the spectral range near 1.7–1.8 μm are in highly demand for a lot of applications. We propose and theoretically investigate a dual-wavelength switchable Raman tungsten-tellurite fiber laser in the 1.7–1.8 µm range which can produce two stable modes at frequencies separated by ~7 THz with a pump at 1.55 µm. The Raman waves shifted by 19.8 THz (mode 1) and 27.5 THz (mode 2) from the pump frequency can be generated near two different maxima of the Raman gain spectrum (gain is higher at 19.8 THz and twice lower at 27.5 THz). We numerically simulate two-mode Raman lasing with allowance for energy transfer from the pump wave to modes 1 and 2, and from mode 1 to mode 2 due to inelastic Raman scattering. Diagrams of generation regimes depending on system parameters are constructed. We demonstrate controlled switching between two modes by changing the pump power. For the same intracavity losses for both Raman modes at relatively low pump powers, only mode 1 is generated. At medium pump power, generation occurs simultaneously in both modes. At relatively high pump power, only mode 2 is generated near the weaker maximum. This effect seems surprising, but a rigorous explanation with allowance for the nonlinear interaction between mode 1 and mode 2 is found. When losses for one of the modes change, switching of the generated regimes is also predicted.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overcoming Challenges and Limitations Regarding the Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Mechanical Characterization of Nanofibers 克服纳米纤维原子力显微镜成像和力学表征的挑战和局限性

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100083

Stylianos Vasileios Kontomaris, Andreas Stylianou, Georgios Chliveros, Anna Malamou

{"title":"Overcoming Challenges and Limitations Regarding the Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Mechanical Characterization of Nanofibers","authors":"Stylianos Vasileios Kontomaris, Andreas Stylianou, Georgios Chliveros, Anna Malamou","doi":"10.3390/fib11100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100083","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool that enables imaging and nanomechanical properties characterization of biological materials. Nanofibers are the structural units of many biological systems and their role in the development of advanced biomaterials is crucial. AFM methods have proven to be effective towards the characterization of fibers with respect to biological and bioengineering applications at the nanoscale. However, both the topographical and mechanical properties’ nanocharacterizations of single fibers using AFM are challenging procedures. In particular, regarding imaging procedures, significant artifacts may arise from tip convolution effects. The geometrical characteristics of the AFM tip and the nanofibers, and the fact that they have similar magnitudes, may lead to significant errors regarding the topographical imaging. In addition, the determination of the mechanical properties of nanofibers is also challenging due to their small dimensions and heterogeneity (i.e., the elastic half-space assumption is not valid in most cases). This review elucidates the origins of errors in characterizing individual nanofibers, while also providing strategies to address limitations in experimental procedures and data processing.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and Characterization of Poliglecaprone-Incorporated Polycaprolactone Composite Fibrous Scaffolds 聚己内酯复合纤维支架的制备与表征

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/fib11100082

Felix Tettey, Jaclynn Siler-Dearring, Alexis Moody, Narayan Bhattarai

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Poliglecaprone-Incorporated Polycaprolactone Composite Fibrous Scaffolds","authors":"Felix Tettey, Jaclynn Siler-Dearring, Alexis Moody, Narayan Bhattarai","doi":"10.3390/fib11100082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11100082","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospun fibrous scaffolds made from polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL) have been used in drug delivery and tissue engineering for their viscoelasticity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunability. Hydrophobicity and the prolonged degradation of PCL causes inhibition of the natural tissue-remodeling processes. Poliglecaprone (PGC), which consists of PCL and Poly (glycolic acid) (PGA), has better mechanical properties and a shorter degradation time compared to PCL. A blend between PCL and PGC called PPG can give enhanced shared properties for biomedical applications. In this study, we fabricated a blend of PCL and PGC nanofibrous scaffold (PPG) at different ratios of PGC utilizing electrospinning. We studied the physicochemical and biological properties, such as morphology, crystallinity, surface wettability, degradation, surface functionalization, and cellular compatibility. All PPG scaffolds exhibited good uniformity in fiber morphology and improved mechanical properties. The surface wettability and degradation studies confirmed that increasing PGC in the PPG composites increased hydrophilicity and scaffold degradation respectively. Cell viability and cytotoxicity results showed that the scaffold with PGC was more viable and less toxic than the PCL-only scaffolds. PPG fibers were successfully coated with polydopamine (PDA) and collagen to improve degradation, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. The nanofibrous scaffolds synthesized in this study can be utilized for tissue engineering applications such as for regeneration of human articular cartilage regeneration and soft bones.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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