IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120107

Shugo Takasago, T. Kanakubo, Hiroya Kobayashi, Hideto Sasaki

{"title":"Bond and Cracking Characteristics of PVA-Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite Reinforced with Braided AFRP Bars","authors":"Shugo Takasago, T. Kanakubo, Hiroya Kobayashi, Hideto Sasaki","doi":"10.3390/fib11120107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120107","url":null,"abstract":"Easy maintenance and high durability are expected in structures made with fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC) reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. In this study, we focused on the bond and cracking characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-FRCC reinforced with braided AFRP bars (AFRP/PVA-FRCC). Pullout tests on specimens with varying bond lengths were conducted. Beam specimens were also subjected to four-point bending tests. In the pullout tests, experimental parameters included the cross-sectional dimensions and the fiber volume fractions of PVA-FRCC. A trilinear model for the bond constitutive law (bond stress–loaded-end slip relationship) was proposed. In the pullout bond test with specimens of long bond length, bond strength was found to increase with increases in both the fiber volume fraction and the cross-sectional dimension of the specimens. Bond behavior in specimens of long bond length was analyzed numerically using the proposed bond constitutive law. The calculated average bond stress–loaded-end slip relationships favorably fitted the test results. In bending tests with AFRP/PVA-FRCC beam specimens, high ductility was indicated by the bridging effect of fibers. The number of cracks increased with increases in the fiber volume fraction of PVA-FRCC. In specimens with a fiber volume fraction of 2%, the load reached its maximum value due to compression fracture of the FRCC. The crack width in PVA-FRCC calculated by the predicted formula, considering the bond constitutive law and the fiber bridging law, showed good agreement with the reinforcement strain–crack width relationship obtained from the tests.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Consolidated Concrete-to-Conductive Concrete Interface: Assessment of Bond Strength and Mechanical Properties 自密实混凝土与导电混凝土界面：粘结强度和机械性能评估

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120106

Mohammed EL-Afandi, S. Yehia, T. Landolsi, Nasser Qaddoumi, Mohamed Elchalakani

{"title":"Self-Consolidated Concrete-to-Conductive Concrete Interface: Assessment of Bond Strength and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Mohammed EL-Afandi, S. Yehia, T. Landolsi, Nasser Qaddoumi, Mohamed Elchalakani","doi":"10.3390/fib11120106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120106","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the mechanical properties and bond strength of composite samples that consist of a conductive concrete (CC) layer and a self-consolidated concrete (SCC) layer are investigated. The bond strength study includes two parameters: (1) surface preparation and (2) casting and testing directions. The surface preparation study shows that, compared to the other methods in this study, the shear key method is the most suitable surface preparation method to fully utilize the CC in a composite. Moreover, the casting direction study reveals that the strength is heavily dependent on the type of test used along with CC’s layer positioning. The flexural strength study confirms that positioning the CC mix in the tensile region is beneficial since it can increase the flexural strength of a structure because of the hybrid steel fibers included in the mixture. Finally, different codes/specifications and published theoretical results are used to predict the CC’s mechanical properties, and the predictions are not as accurate as the SCC predictions, which can be attributed to the presence of conductive fillers in the CC mix.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microfibres Release from Textile Industry Wastewater Effluents Are Underestimated: Mitigation Actions That Need to Be Prioritised 纺织工业废水中的微纤维释放量被低估：需要优先考虑的缓解措施

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120105

C. K. Chan, James Kar-Hei Fang, Bin Fei, Chi-Wai Kan

{"title":"Microfibres Release from Textile Industry Wastewater Effluents Are Underestimated: Mitigation Actions That Need to Be Prioritised","authors":"C. K. Chan, James Kar-Hei Fang, Bin Fei, Chi-Wai Kan","doi":"10.3390/fib11120105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120105","url":null,"abstract":"The release of microfibres (MFs) from textiles has been observed in various environments, pointing towards the impact of human activities on natural systems. Synthetic textile microfibres, a subset of microplastic fibres (MPFs), are reported to be the primary contributor to microplastic pollution. With the forecasted growth in textile production, the problem of MF pollution is expected to worsen and become more challenging to address. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are crucial in managing microfibre pollution as they can act as a sink and source of these pollutants. Studies have shown that textile industrial effluent can contain MFs at a rate of up to a thousand times higher than municipal wastewater. As more garments are made than sold and worn, the impact of industrial MF release could be higher than predicted. The detection and quantification of microfibres released in industrial wastewater effluents do not have a standard test method, and legislation to address this issue is not yet feasible. To tackle this issue, it is crucial to raise awareness in the industry and tackle it using a more holistic approach. With its urgency, but still being an underdeveloped research area, priorities for mitigation actions are examined where efforts are needed to accelerate. These include the need to raise awareness and encourage more investigations from industry and academia. A consistent protocol will help us to compare studies and find solutions of high impact and measure MFs in WWTPs, which can help define the maximum limit for MF releases and support legislation implementation.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"59 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymptotic Modeling of Optical Fibres: Annular Capillaries and Microstructured Optical Fibres 光纤渐近建模：环状毛细管和微结构光纤

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120104

G. Luzi, Vinzenz Klapper, Antonio Delgado

{"title":"Asymptotic Modeling of Optical Fibres: Annular Capillaries and Microstructured Optical Fibres","authors":"G. Luzi, Vinzenz Klapper, Antonio Delgado","doi":"10.3390/fib11120104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120104","url":null,"abstract":"Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) are a new type of optical fibres that possess a wide range of optical properties and many advantages over common optical fibres. Those are provided by unique structures defined by a pattern of periodic or quasi-periodic arrangement of air holes that run through the fibre length. In recent years, MOFs have opened up new possibilities in the field of optics and photonics, enabling the development of advanced devices and novel optical systems for different applications. The key application areas of MOFs vary from telecommunications and high-power energy transmission to quantum optics and sensing. The stack-and-draw method is a standard manufacturing technique for MOFs, where a preform is first manually created and then drawn in a sophisticated furnace into a fibre with the required final dimensions and position of the air holes. During the manufacturing process, experimenters can control only a few parameters, and mathematical models and numerical simulations of the drawing process are highly requested. They not only allow to deepen the understanding of physical phenomena occurring during the drawing process, but they also accurately predict the final cross-section shape and size of the fibre. In this manuscript, we assume thermal equilibrium between the furnace and the fibre and propose a functional form of the fibre temperature distribution. We utilise it with asymptotic mass, momentum, and evolution equations for free surfaces already available in the literature to describe the process of fibre drawing. By doing so, the complex heat exchange problem between the fibre and the furnace need not be solved. The numerical results of the whole asymptotic model overall agree well with experimental data available in the literature, both for the case of annular capillaries and for the case of holey fibres.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Hydrolysis Regime on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Medium-Density Fiberboards Manufactured from Recycled Wood Fibers 水解机制对用回收木纤维制造的中密度纤维板的物理和机械特性的影响

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120103

V. Savov, P. Antov, Christian Panchev, M. A. R. Lubis, H. R. Taghiyari, S. Lee, Ľ. Krišťák, Martina Todorova

{"title":"The Impact of Hydrolysis Regime on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Medium-Density Fiberboards Manufactured from Recycled Wood Fibers","authors":"V. Savov, P. Antov, Christian Panchev, M. A. R. Lubis, H. R. Taghiyari, S. Lee, Ľ. Krišťák, Martina Todorova","doi":"10.3390/fib11120103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120103","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling medium-density fiberboards (MDF) presents notable technological challenges, primarily due to the deteriorated properties of the recycled wood fibers obtained from MDF waste. On the other hand, the enhanced valorization of recycled wood in the manufacturing of wood composites represents a viable approach for implementing the principles of a circular bio-economy in the wood-based panel industry and lowering its carbon footprint. This research aimed to investigate and evaluate the impact of the hydrothermal hydrolysis regime on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled MDF panels (rMDF). The hydrolysis temperature was varied from 121 °C (saturated steam pressure 0.2 MPa) to 134 °C (saturated steam pressure 0.3 MPa), and three hydrolysis durations, i.e., 30, 45, and 60 min, were applied. A control MDF panel, manufactured in laboratory conditions from industrial pulp, was used to perform the comparative analyses. It was observed that the degradation of the rMDF panels occurred when the hydrolysis temperature was increased from 121 °C to 134 °C. The research confirmed the deteriorated physical and mechanical properties of rMDF compared to the panels manufactured from natural wood fibers. Markedly, no significant differences were detected between the density profiles of the rMDF panels and the control boards fabricated from industrial pulp. As a result of the study, it was found that the hydrolysis temperature has a more significant effect than the processing time. It was also established that, in the preliminary preparation of the MDF panels into samples with dimensions similar to those of pulp chips, the optimal hydrolysis regime is at a temperature of 121° C (saturated steam pressure 0.2 MPa) and a time of 30 min.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bending Behavior Analysis of Box Beams with the Reinforcement of Composite Materials for Wind Turbine Blades 风力涡轮机叶片用复合材料加固箱梁的弯曲性能分析

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120099

Ofelia Maldonado-Santiago, J. Robles-Ocampo, Eduardo Gálvez, P. Y. Sevilla-Camacho, Sergio de la Cruz, J. Rodríguez-Reséndíz, Edwin Hernández

{"title":"Bending Behavior Analysis of Box Beams with the Reinforcement of Composite Materials for Wind Turbine Blades","authors":"Ofelia Maldonado-Santiago, J. Robles-Ocampo, Eduardo Gálvez, P. Y. Sevilla-Camacho, Sergio de la Cruz, J. Rodríguez-Reséndíz, Edwin Hernández","doi":"10.3390/fib11120099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120099","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbine blades in excessive wind conditions present extreme deflection problems. For this reason, an analysis of the structural response of composite reinforced box beams is developed. For this purpose, reinforced box beams were fabricated to improve the bending strength in the flapwise direction of the wind turbine blades. The box beams were analyzed with three-dimensional models using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and validated with bending tests at four-points and two-points. The box beam meets the characteristics of lightness and mechanical strength. Experimental four-point bending results showed that reinforced cross-sections decrease displacements by 30.09% and increase their stiffness to 43.41% for a box beam without structural reinforcement. In addition, the two-point bending results showed a difference of 18.98% between the displacements of the beams with structural reinforcements. In the FEM analysis, a maximum error of 11.24% was obtained when correlating the maximum displacement value with the experimental results of the beams.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Studies of Changes in Cotton Fabrics and Fibers under the Influence of Disinfection, Sterilization, and DNA Degradation Agents 消毒、灭菌和 DNA 降解剂影响下棉织物和纤维变化的比较研究

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120100

Daria Śmigiel-Kamińska, J. Wąs-Gubała, J. Kumirska

{"title":"Comparative Studies of Changes in Cotton Fabrics and Fibers under the Influence of Disinfection, Sterilization, and DNA Degradation Agents","authors":"Daria Śmigiel-Kamińska, J. Wąs-Gubała, J. Kumirska","doi":"10.3390/fib11120100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120100","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to detect changes in the structure and chemical composition of undyed and dyed cotton fabrics under the influence of six popular agents for disinfection, sterilization, and DNA degradation with different chemical compositions. The original and exposed fabrics and their constituent fibers were subjected to comparative analysis using various optical microscopy methods, infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Vis microspectrophotometry in order to differentiate the exanimated material due to the agents applied. Differences in color, from a slight change to complete discoloration, and in the structure of the tested fabrics, which became more rigid, brittle, or, for example, compact, were noticed. With the use of ATR FTIR, it was possible to identify the presence in the exposed fabrics of residues of these agents that contained quaternary ammonium salts. Bright-field microscopy made it possible to show, above all, changes or lack thereof in the fluorescence properties of single exposed fibers in relation to control ones. With the use of UV–Vis microspectrophotometry, changes in colored fibers following the action of a specific agent on the examined fabrics were monitored. A case study was presented as an application aspect of the research, in which the use of concrete disinfectants was recognized based on changes observed in cotton clothing.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"211 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Engineered Cementitious Composites and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets 使用工程水泥基复合材料和碳纤维增强聚合物板材对钢筋混凝土梁进行抗剪加固

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110098

Mohamed R. Emara, Mohamed A. Salem, Heba A. Mohamed, Hamdy A. Shehab, Ayman El-Zohairy

{"title":"Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Engineered Cementitious Composites and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets","authors":"Mohamed R. Emara, Mohamed A. Salem, Heba A. Mohamed, Hamdy A. Shehab, Ayman El-Zohairy","doi":"10.3390/fib11110098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110098","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams enhanced in shear using Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECCs) and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs). The experimental study encompasses fifteen RC beams. This set includes one control specimen and fourteen beams fortified in shear with Externally Bonded (EB) composites. Two of these specimens were enhanced with ECC layers, while the remaining were augmented with combined CFRP-ECC layers. Variables in the test included the ECC layer thickness, matrix type, number of CFRP layers, and strengthening configurations such as full wrapping, vertical strips, and inclined strips. The results indicated that the shear capacity of the fortified beams increased by 61.1% to 160.1% compared to the control specimen. The most effective structural performance was observed in the full wrapping method, which utilized a single CFRP layer combined with either 20 mm or 40 mm ECC thickness, outperforming other techniques. However, the inclined strip method demonstrated a notably higher load-bearing capacity than the full wrapping approach for beams with double CFRP layers paired with 20 mm and 40 mm ECC thicknesses. This configuration also exhibited superior ductility compared to the rest. Furthermore, the experimental shear capacities obtained were juxtaposed with theoretical values from prevailing design standards.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field Study of Activity of Antimicrobial Polypropylene Textiles 聚丙烯纺织品抗菌活性的实地研究

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110097

Alena Balogová, Bibiána Bizubová, Michal Kleščík, Tomáš Zatroch

{"title":"Field Study of Activity of Antimicrobial Polypropylene Textiles","authors":"Alena Balogová, Bibiána Bizubová, Michal Kleščík, Tomáš Zatroch","doi":"10.3390/fib11110097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11110097","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an in situ study is presented of the impact of textile materials used in healthcare facilities on microbial colonization of textile surfaces. The available literature describes antimicrobial active textiles and their effectiveness in laboratory conditions. However, the quantification of the impact on the microbiome of healthcare facilities has not been investigated so far. Polypropylene yarns doped with silver phosphate glass and zinc pyrithione were prepared and used for the production of bed sheets and clothing for healthcare personnel. Subsequently, measurements of airborne particles and viable microorganisms on given textiles were conducted in a private surgery clinic for 3 weeks, comparing the counts of viable microorganisms before and after replacing staff clothing and bedding on examination and the surgical bed with said polypropylene cloth. A significant reduction in airborne particles and viable microorganisms was expected based on previous studies on the use of polypropylene textiles in operating rooms. In this study, a significant reduction in viable airborne fungi and viable microorganisms on monitored textiles was observed by multiple methods. However, the effect on airborne microorganisms seems insignificant in areas with frequent patient traffic. The textile described here represents a new additional way of protecting patients and medical personnel from healthcare-associated infections while using a modification of proven production procedures and commercially usable materials without legislative restrictions.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"101 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multimode Ytterbium–Aluminosilicate Core Optical Fibre for Amplification and Laser Applications 用于放大和激光应用的多模硅铝镱芯光纤

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.3390/fib11110095

Dunia Blaser, Pascal Hänzi, Sönke Pilz, Alexander Heidt, Valerio Romano

引用次数: 0

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