Fibers最新文献

{"title":"Highly Porous Cellulose-Based Scaffolds for Hemostatic Devices and Smart Platform Applications: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nikita A. Shutskiy, Aleksandr R. Shevchenko, Ksenia A. Mayorova, Leonid Shagrov, Andrey Aksenov","doi":"10.3390/fib14010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib14010009","url":null,"abstract":"A promising application of smart materials based on natural polymers is the potential to solve problems related to hemostasis in cases of severe bleeding caused by injury or surgery. This can be a life-threatening situation. Cellulose and its modified derivatives represent one of the most promising sources for creating effective hemostatic systems, as well as for various sensing applications related to disease detection, infection diagnosis, chronic condition monitoring, and blood analysis. The aim of this review was to identify key criteria for the efficiency of cellulose-based gels with hemostatic activity. Experimental studies aimed at evaluating new hemostatic devices were analyzed based on international sources using the PRISMA methodology. A total of 111 publications were identified. Following the identification and screening stages, 20 articles were selected for the final qualitative synthesis. The analyzed publications include experimental studies focused on the development and analysis of highly porous cellulose-based scaffolds in the form of aerogels and cryogels. The type and origin of cellulose, as well as the influence of additional components and synthesis conditions on gel formation, were investigated. Three major groups of key criteria that should be considered when developing new cellulose-based highly porous scaffolds with hemostatic functionality were identified: (I) physicochemical and mechanical properties (pore size distribution, compressive strength, and presence of functional groups); (II) in vitro tests (blood clotting index, red blood cell adhesion rate, hemolysis, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial activity); (III) in vivo hemostatic efficiency (hemostasis time and blood loss) in compliance with the 3Rs policy (replacement, reduction, refinement). The prospects for the development of highly porous cellulose-based scaffolds are not only focused on their hemostatic properties, but also on the development of smart platforms.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"14 1","pages":"9-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/14/1/9/pdf?version=1767625619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Component Silicon-Containing Polyurethane for High-Performance Waterproof and Breathable Nanofiber Membranes","authors":"Dongxu Lu, Yanbing Li, Yake Chai, Ximei Wen, Liming Chen, Sanming Sun","doi":"10.3390/fib13080105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13080105","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance waterproof and breathable nanofiber membranes (WBNMs) are in great demand for various advanced applications. However, the fabrication of such membranes often relies on fluorinated materials or involves complex preparation processes, limiting their practical use. In this study, we present an innovative approach by utilizing silicon-containing polyurethane (SiPU) as a single-component, fluorine-free raw material to prepare high-performance WBNMs via a simple one-step electrospinning process. The electrospinning technique enables the formation of SiPU nanofibrous membranes with a small maximum pore size (dmax) and high porosity, while the intrinsic hydrophobicity of SiPU imparts excellent water-repellent characteristics to the membranes. As a result, the single-component SiPU WBNM exhibits superior waterproofness and breathability, with a hydrostatic pressure of 52 kPa and a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 5798 g m−2 d−1. Moreover, the optimized SiPU-14 WBNM demonstrates outstanding mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 6.15 MPa and an elongation at break of 98.80%. These findings indicate that the single-component SiPU-14 WBNMs not only achieve excellent waterproof and breathable performance but also possess robust mechanical strength, thereby enhancing the comfort and expanding the potential applications of protective textiles, such as outdoor apparel and car seats.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"13 8","pages":"105-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/8/105/pdf?version=1754377068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Pressure Hydrogen Influence on Cellulose Nanofibers Filled Nitrile Rubber: Performance in Storage Applications","authors":"Sheng Ye, Sohail Yasin, Haijie Zhi, Yihu Song, Chaohua Gu, Jianfeng Shi","doi":"10.3390/fib13030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib13030029","url":null,"abstract":"High-pressure hydrogen storage systems (up to 100 MPa) require advanced materials for safety and reliability, particularly for rubber seals, which are prone to degradation under extreme conditions. This study explores the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as sustainable nanofillers for nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) latex nanocomposites. CNFs and CNCs were evaluated for their effects on mechanical properties, crosslink density, and resistance to high-pressure hydrogen exposure in rubber O-rings. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried to assess the environmental impact of these nanocomposites. The results showed that CNF-filled NBR composites exhibited better resistance to bubble formation under hydrogen exposure compared to CNC-filled ones. However, the LCA indicated relatively high environmental impacts for both, reaching up to 2.5 kg CO2 eq. in Global Warming Potential (GWP), highlighting the need for further optimization of production processes. This study demonstrates the potential of cellulose nanofillers to improve NBR performance while advancing sustainable hydrogen storage materials.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"13 3","pages":"29-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/3/29/pdf?version=1741168873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147910988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polybenzoxazine/Epoxy Copolymer Reinforced with Phosphorylated Microcrystalline Cellulose: Curing Behavior, Thermal, and Flame Retardancy Properties","authors":"Wissam Bessa, Djalal Trache, Sid-Ali Moulai, Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Amir Abdelaziz, Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon, M. Hazwan Hussin","doi":"10.3390/fib12080061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12080061","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore new flame-retardant composites based on a phosphorus-functionalized cellulose derivative and epoxy/benzoxazine thermosetting resins in order to broaden the use of natural fibers in advanced applications. The study involved the phosphorylation of microcrystalline cellulose followed by its characterization through employing various analytical methods to corroborate the accomplishment of its functionalization. The curing behavior of composites based on the polybenzoxazine/epoxy copolymer reinforced with (1 and 5 wt.%) modified microcrystalline cellulose was hereafter considered. The thermal behavior of these composites was correspondingly investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, where improved thermal stability and the limiting oxygen index were stressed. Flame retardancy tests using the vertical burning test UL 94 and heat of combustion analysis utilizing an oxygen bomb calorimeter were also carried out to deeply examine the possible flame retardancy ability of the considered composites.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"12 8","pages":"61-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/12/8/61/pdf?version=1722399031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman Spectra of Delignified Plant Fibers: Exploring the Impact of Xylan’s Presence on the Spectral Features of Cellulose","authors":"U. Agarwal, S. Ralph","doi":"10.3390/fib12010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12010005","url":null,"abstract":"Wood and plants are made of fibers that contain, in addition to cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses. Xylan and galactoglucomannan are the dominant secondary cell wall hemicelluloses. In modern times, fibers are important materials for the biorefinery industry and for developing biocomposites. For these and other applications, the structural analysis of fibers is important, and Raman spectroscopy is among the many analytical techniques used. However, given the structural similarity between hemicelluloses and cellulose, many of their Raman contributions overlap, and the extent to which the overlapping features of hemicellulose modify the spectrum of cellulose is not yet fully understood. The present investigation focuses on this aspect by examining xylan, one of the hemicelluloses. As a model system, samples with various mass ratios of cotton microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and xylan (birch wood) were prepared and analyzed using FT-Raman spectroscopy. In most cases, the Raman intensities were sample-composition-dependent, and, when the selected band intensities were plotted against the xylan content, good linear correlations (with an R2 between 0.69 and 1.0) were obtained. The results indicated that with increased xylan content, the peak intensities increased at 1460, 898, and 494 cm−1 and declined at 1480, 1121, 1096, and 520 cm−1. Additionally, intensity changes (%) in the MCC bands with respect to MCC’s fractions in various mixture samples showed that, in most cases, the mixture intensities increased and were highly correlated with the xylan amounts in the mixtures (with an R2 between 0.75 and 0.97). These findings were applied to interpret Raman spectra of selected xylan-containing delignified plant fibers. It is hoped that the insights gained in this study will allow for better interpretation of the spectra of natural and treated plant materials.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulp Particle Classification Based on Optical Fiber Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Stefan B. Lindström, Rabab Amjad, Elin Gåhlin, Linn Andersson, Marcus Kaarto, Kateryna Liubytska, Johan Persson, Jan-Erik Berg, B. Engberg, Fritjof Nilsson","doi":"10.3390/fib12010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12010002","url":null,"abstract":"In the pulp and paper industry, pulp testing is typically a labor-intensive process performed on hand-made laboratory sheets. Online quality control by automated image analysis and machine learning (ML) could provide a consistent, fast and cost-efficient alternative. In this study, four different supervised ML techniques—Lasso regression, support vector machine (SVM), feed-forward neural networks (FFNN), and recurrent neural networks (RNN)—were applied to fiber data obtained from fiber suspension micrographs analyzed by two separate image analysis software. With the built-in software of a commercial fiber analyzer optimized for speed, the maximum accuracy of 81% was achieved using the FFNN algorithm with Yeo–Johnson preprocessing. With an in-house algorithm adapted for ML by an extended set of particle attributes, a maximum accuracy of 96% was achieved with Lasso regression. A parameter capturing the average intensity of the particle in the micrograph, only available from the latter software, has a particularly strong predictive capability. The high accuracy and sensitivity of the ML results indicate that such a strategy could be very useful for quality control of fiber dispersions.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Performance of Cementitious Materials Reinforced with Polyethylene Fibers and Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Rashad R. AlAraj, Adil K. Tamimi, Noha M. Hassan, K. Fattah","doi":"10.3390/fib12010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12010001","url":null,"abstract":"The cracking of cementitious materials due to their quasi-brittle behavior is a major concern leading to a loss in strength and durability. To limit crack growth, researchers have incorporated microfibers in concrete mixes. The objective of this study is to determine if nano-reinforcements can arrest cracks and enhance the material performance in comparison to microfibers. A total of 28 specimens were prepared to investigate and compare the effects of incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a nano-reinforcement and polyethylene (PE) fibers at a macro-level and their combination. Compressive and flexural strengths were experimentally tested to assess the mechanical performance. The microstructure of the mortar samples was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The ductility increased by almost 50% upon the addition of CNTs, while no significant enhancement was witnessed for the compressive strength. The flexural strength increased by 169% and the flexural strain by 389% through the addition of the combination of CNTs and PE fibers.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Activated Carbon Textiles Produced from Jute and Cotton Wastes for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications","authors":"Sema Sert, Deniz Duran Kaya, Ayşegül Körlü","doi":"10.3390/fib11120110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120110","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing amounts of waste resulting from over-consumption carry substantial risks for human and environmental health, and disposing of this waste requires enormous amounts of energy. As a result, waste-to-wealth and circular economy approaches have gained attention in both academia and the commercial sector in recent years. Accordingly, this study aims to develop electromagnetic shielding materials by converting non-conductive waste textiles into conductive value-added product and porous fabrics by carbonizing the structure itself rather than by adding any conductive particles. To this end, the novel contribution of the present study is that waste textiles were converted into activated carbon in a shorter time and without compromising the integrity of the fibrous network via microwave pyrolysis without inert gas. Sulfuric acid was used as a dehydration and activation agent, suppressing the release of volatile organic substances and eliminating greenhouse gas emissions. This approach also increased product yield and reduced energy consumption and sample shrinkage. The structures of the activated carbon textile showed EMI shielding within 20–30 dB (99.9% attenuation) in the 1–6 GHz frequency range. The maximum SSE/t value of 950.71 dB·cm2·g−1 was obtained with the microwave post-treated activated carbon textile. Micropores were dominant characteristics of these materials, and pore diameters increased with increased acid concentration. The maximum surface area of 383.92 m2/g was obtained with 8% acid. Ultrasound treatment reduced water-energy consumption and cost. Only 5 min of microwave post-treatment increased textile conductivity and thermal stability and contributed positively to electromagnetic shielding.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"87 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortar","authors":"Yeou-Fong Li, Pei-Jen Tsai, Jin-Yuan Syu, M. Lok, Huei-Shiung Chen","doi":"10.3390/fib11120109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120109","url":null,"abstract":"The 3D printing process is different from traditional construction methods of formwork casting due to the use of additive manufacturing. This study develops a suitable 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced cement mortar (CFRCM) considering the extrudability, fluidity, setting time, and buildability of the CFRCM. The difference in compressive strength and flexural strength between 3D-printed specimens and conventional cast specimens was investigated by varying the amount of carbon fiber added (carbon fiber to cement ratio, 2.5 vol.‰, 5 vol.‰, 7.5 vol.‰, and 10 vol.‰) and the curing times (7th day and 28th day). The results of the experiments indicate that the addition of 6 wt.% cement accelerators to the cementitious mortar allows for a controlled initial setting time of approximately half an hour. The fluidity of the CFRCM was controlled by adjusting the dosage of the superplasticizer. When the slump was in the range of 150 mm to 190 mm, the carbon fiber to cement ratio 2.5 vol.‰ could be incorporated into the cementitious mortar, enabling the printing of hollow cylinders with a height of up to 750 mm. Comparing the 3D-printed specimens with the traditionally cast specimens, it was found that the addition of a carbon fiber to cement ratio of 7.5 vol.‰, and 10 vol.‰ resulted in the optimal compressive strength and flexural strength, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"216 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barley Straw Fiber Extraction in the Context of a Circular Economy","authors":"Z. Kovačević, Sara Strgačić, S. Bischof","doi":"10.3390/fib11120108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120108","url":null,"abstract":"The potential for sustainable lignocellulosic agro-waste is immense, owing to the fact that it represents the most abundant organic compound on Earth. It is a valuable and desirable source for material production across numerous industries due to its abundance, renewability, and biodegradability. This paper explores the world of barley fibers, which are extracted from the straw of two different cultivars (old Rex or new Barun) and have tremendous potential for use, primarily for technical textiles. The quantity of the extracted fibers depends both on the type of barley used and on climate conditions that influence the plants’ growth, resulting in fiber yields ranging from 14.82% to 19.59%. The chemical composition of isolated fibers revealed an optimal content of cellulose and lignin in barley fibers isolated from the Rex variety. Those results were confirmed with FTIR analysis, which revealed a lower intensity of peaks associated with hemicellulose and lignin and, therefore, indicated their better removal after the chemical maceration process. In terms of fiber density, the quality of the fibers was comparable to that of cotton fibers, but they differed significantly in moisture regain (10.37–11.01%), which was higher. Furthermore, sufficient fiber tenacity (20.31–23.08 cN/tex) was obtained in a case of old-variety Rex, indicating the possibility of spinning those fibers into yarns, followed by their extended usage for apparel. Additionally, our paper reveals the possibility of fulfilling the requirements of the zero waste principle due to the fact that a high percentage of solid waste left after the fiber extraction (26.3–32.3%) was afterwards successfully used for the production of biofuels, enabling the closing of the loop in a circular economy.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"85 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}