Fibers最新文献 - Book学术

Raman Spectra of Delignified Plant Fibers: Exploring the Impact of Xylan’s Presence on the Spectral Features of Cellulose 脱木素植物纤维的拉曼光谱：探索木聚糖的存在对纤维素光谱特征的影响

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/fib12010005

U. Agarwal, S. Ralph

{"title":"Raman Spectra of Delignified Plant Fibers: Exploring the Impact of Xylan’s Presence on the Spectral Features of Cellulose","authors":"U. Agarwal, S. Ralph","doi":"10.3390/fib12010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12010005","url":null,"abstract":"Wood and plants are made of fibers that contain, in addition to cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses. Xylan and galactoglucomannan are the dominant secondary cell wall hemicelluloses. In modern times, fibers are important materials for the biorefinery industry and for developing biocomposites. For these and other applications, the structural analysis of fibers is important, and Raman spectroscopy is among the many analytical techniques used. However, given the structural similarity between hemicelluloses and cellulose, many of their Raman contributions overlap, and the extent to which the overlapping features of hemicellulose modify the spectrum of cellulose is not yet fully understood. The present investigation focuses on this aspect by examining xylan, one of the hemicelluloses. As a model system, samples with various mass ratios of cotton microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and xylan (birch wood) were prepared and analyzed using FT-Raman spectroscopy. In most cases, the Raman intensities were sample-composition-dependent, and, when the selected band intensities were plotted against the xylan content, good linear correlations (with an R2 between 0.69 and 1.0) were obtained. The results indicated that with increased xylan content, the peak intensities increased at 1460, 898, and 494 cm−1 and declined at 1480, 1121, 1096, and 520 cm−1. Additionally, intensity changes (%) in the MCC bands with respect to MCC’s fractions in various mixture samples showed that, in most cases, the mixture intensities increased and were highly correlated with the xylan amounts in the mixtures (with an R2 between 0.75 and 0.97). These findings were applied to interpret Raman spectra of selected xylan-containing delignified plant fibers. It is hoped that the insights gained in this study will allow for better interpretation of the spectra of natural and treated plant materials.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulp Particle Classification Based on Optical Fiber Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques 基于光纤分析和机器学习技术的纸浆颗粒分类

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.3390/fib12010002

Stefan B. Lindström, Rabab Amjad, Elin Gåhlin, Linn Andersson, Marcus Kaarto, Kateryna Liubytska, Johan Persson, Jan-Erik Berg, B. Engberg, Fritjof Nilsson

{"title":"Pulp Particle Classification Based on Optical Fiber Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Stefan B. Lindström, Rabab Amjad, Elin Gåhlin, Linn Andersson, Marcus Kaarto, Kateryna Liubytska, Johan Persson, Jan-Erik Berg, B. Engberg, Fritjof Nilsson","doi":"10.3390/fib12010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12010002","url":null,"abstract":"In the pulp and paper industry, pulp testing is typically a labor-intensive process performed on hand-made laboratory sheets. Online quality control by automated image analysis and machine learning (ML) could provide a consistent, fast and cost-efficient alternative. In this study, four different supervised ML techniques—Lasso regression, support vector machine (SVM), feed-forward neural networks (FFNN), and recurrent neural networks (RNN)—were applied to fiber data obtained from fiber suspension micrographs analyzed by two separate image analysis software. With the built-in software of a commercial fiber analyzer optimized for speed, the maximum accuracy of 81% was achieved using the FFNN algorithm with Yeo–Johnson preprocessing. With an in-house algorithm adapted for ML by an extended set of particle attributes, a maximum accuracy of 96% was achieved with Lasso regression. A parameter capturing the average intensity of the particle in the micrograph, only available from the latter software, has a particularly strong predictive capability. The high accuracy and sensitivity of the ML results indicate that such a strategy could be very useful for quality control of fiber dispersions.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Performance of Cementitious Materials Reinforced with Polyethylene Fibers and Carbon Nanotubes 用聚乙烯纤维和碳纳米管增强的水泥基材料的力学性能

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/fib12010001

Rashad R. AlAraj, Adil K. Tamimi, Noha M. Hassan, K. Fattah

引用次数: 0

Development of Activated Carbon Textiles Produced from Jute and Cotton Wastes for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications 利用黄麻和棉花废料生产的活性炭纺织品在电磁屏蔽领域的应用开发

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120110

Sema Sert, Deniz Duran Kaya, Ayşegül Körlü

{"title":"Development of Activated Carbon Textiles Produced from Jute and Cotton Wastes for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications","authors":"Sema Sert, Deniz Duran Kaya, Ayşegül Körlü","doi":"10.3390/fib11120110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120110","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing amounts of waste resulting from over-consumption carry substantial risks for human and environmental health, and disposing of this waste requires enormous amounts of energy. As a result, waste-to-wealth and circular economy approaches have gained attention in both academia and the commercial sector in recent years. Accordingly, this study aims to develop electromagnetic shielding materials by converting non-conductive waste textiles into conductive value-added product and porous fabrics by carbonizing the structure itself rather than by adding any conductive particles. To this end, the novel contribution of the present study is that waste textiles were converted into activated carbon in a shorter time and without compromising the integrity of the fibrous network via microwave pyrolysis without inert gas. Sulfuric acid was used as a dehydration and activation agent, suppressing the release of volatile organic substances and eliminating greenhouse gas emissions. This approach also increased product yield and reduced energy consumption and sample shrinkage. The structures of the activated carbon textile showed EMI shielding within 20–30 dB (99.9% attenuation) in the 1–6 GHz frequency range. The maximum SSE/t value of 950.71 dB·cm2·g−1 was obtained with the microwave post-treated activated carbon textile. Micropores were dominant characteristics of these materials, and pore diameters increased with increased acid concentration. The maximum surface area of 383.92 m2/g was obtained with 8% acid. Ultrasound treatment reduced water-energy consumption and cost. Only 5 min of microwave post-treatment increased textile conductivity and thermal stability and contributed positively to electromagnetic shielding.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"87 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortar 三维打印碳纤维增强水泥砂浆的力学性能

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120109

Yeou-Fong Li, Pei-Jen Tsai, Jin-Yuan Syu, M. Lok, Huei-Shiung Chen

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortar","authors":"Yeou-Fong Li, Pei-Jen Tsai, Jin-Yuan Syu, M. Lok, Huei-Shiung Chen","doi":"10.3390/fib11120109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120109","url":null,"abstract":"The 3D printing process is different from traditional construction methods of formwork casting due to the use of additive manufacturing. This study develops a suitable 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced cement mortar (CFRCM) considering the extrudability, fluidity, setting time, and buildability of the CFRCM. The difference in compressive strength and flexural strength between 3D-printed specimens and conventional cast specimens was investigated by varying the amount of carbon fiber added (carbon fiber to cement ratio, 2.5 vol.‰, 5 vol.‰, 7.5 vol.‰, and 10 vol.‰) and the curing times (7th day and 28th day). The results of the experiments indicate that the addition of 6 wt.% cement accelerators to the cementitious mortar allows for a controlled initial setting time of approximately half an hour. The fluidity of the CFRCM was controlled by adjusting the dosage of the superplasticizer. When the slump was in the range of 150 mm to 190 mm, the carbon fiber to cement ratio 2.5 vol.‰ could be incorporated into the cementitious mortar, enabling the printing of hollow cylinders with a height of up to 750 mm. Comparing the 3D-printed specimens with the traditionally cast specimens, it was found that the addition of a carbon fiber to cement ratio of 7.5 vol.‰, and 10 vol.‰ resulted in the optimal compressive strength and flexural strength, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"216 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barley Straw Fiber Extraction in the Context of a Circular Economy 在循环经济背景下提取大麦秸秆纤维

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120108

Z. Kovačević, Sara Strgačić, S. Bischof

{"title":"Barley Straw Fiber Extraction in the Context of a Circular Economy","authors":"Z. Kovačević, Sara Strgačić, S. Bischof","doi":"10.3390/fib11120108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120108","url":null,"abstract":"The potential for sustainable lignocellulosic agro-waste is immense, owing to the fact that it represents the most abundant organic compound on Earth. It is a valuable and desirable source for material production across numerous industries due to its abundance, renewability, and biodegradability. This paper explores the world of barley fibers, which are extracted from the straw of two different cultivars (old Rex or new Barun) and have tremendous potential for use, primarily for technical textiles. The quantity of the extracted fibers depends both on the type of barley used and on climate conditions that influence the plants’ growth, resulting in fiber yields ranging from 14.82% to 19.59%. The chemical composition of isolated fibers revealed an optimal content of cellulose and lignin in barley fibers isolated from the Rex variety. Those results were confirmed with FTIR analysis, which revealed a lower intensity of peaks associated with hemicellulose and lignin and, therefore, indicated their better removal after the chemical maceration process. In terms of fiber density, the quality of the fibers was comparable to that of cotton fibers, but they differed significantly in moisture regain (10.37–11.01%), which was higher. Furthermore, sufficient fiber tenacity (20.31–23.08 cN/tex) was obtained in a case of old-variety Rex, indicating the possibility of spinning those fibers into yarns, followed by their extended usage for apparel. Additionally, our paper reveals the possibility of fulfilling the requirements of the zero waste principle due to the fact that a high percentage of solid waste left after the fiber extraction (26.3–32.3%) was afterwards successfully used for the production of biofuels, enabling the closing of the loop in a circular economy.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"85 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bond and Cracking Characteristics of PVA-Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite Reinforced with Braided AFRP Bars 用 AFRP 编织条加固的 PVA 纤维增强水泥基复合材料的粘结和开裂特性

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120107

Shugo Takasago, T. Kanakubo, Hiroya Kobayashi, Hideto Sasaki

{"title":"Bond and Cracking Characteristics of PVA-Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite Reinforced with Braided AFRP Bars","authors":"Shugo Takasago, T. Kanakubo, Hiroya Kobayashi, Hideto Sasaki","doi":"10.3390/fib11120107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120107","url":null,"abstract":"Easy maintenance and high durability are expected in structures made with fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC) reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. In this study, we focused on the bond and cracking characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-FRCC reinforced with braided AFRP bars (AFRP/PVA-FRCC). Pullout tests on specimens with varying bond lengths were conducted. Beam specimens were also subjected to four-point bending tests. In the pullout tests, experimental parameters included the cross-sectional dimensions and the fiber volume fractions of PVA-FRCC. A trilinear model for the bond constitutive law (bond stress–loaded-end slip relationship) was proposed. In the pullout bond test with specimens of long bond length, bond strength was found to increase with increases in both the fiber volume fraction and the cross-sectional dimension of the specimens. Bond behavior in specimens of long bond length was analyzed numerically using the proposed bond constitutive law. The calculated average bond stress–loaded-end slip relationships favorably fitted the test results. In bending tests with AFRP/PVA-FRCC beam specimens, high ductility was indicated by the bridging effect of fibers. The number of cracks increased with increases in the fiber volume fraction of PVA-FRCC. In specimens with a fiber volume fraction of 2%, the load reached its maximum value due to compression fracture of the FRCC. The crack width in PVA-FRCC calculated by the predicted formula, considering the bond constitutive law and the fiber bridging law, showed good agreement with the reinforcement strain–crack width relationship obtained from the tests.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Consolidated Concrete-to-Conductive Concrete Interface: Assessment of Bond Strength and Mechanical Properties 自密实混凝土与导电混凝土界面：粘结强度和机械性能评估

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120106

Mohammed EL-Afandi, S. Yehia, T. Landolsi, Nasser Qaddoumi, Mohamed Elchalakani

{"title":"Self-Consolidated Concrete-to-Conductive Concrete Interface: Assessment of Bond Strength and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Mohammed EL-Afandi, S. Yehia, T. Landolsi, Nasser Qaddoumi, Mohamed Elchalakani","doi":"10.3390/fib11120106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120106","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the mechanical properties and bond strength of composite samples that consist of a conductive concrete (CC) layer and a self-consolidated concrete (SCC) layer are investigated. The bond strength study includes two parameters: (1) surface preparation and (2) casting and testing directions. The surface preparation study shows that, compared to the other methods in this study, the shear key method is the most suitable surface preparation method to fully utilize the CC in a composite. Moreover, the casting direction study reveals that the strength is heavily dependent on the type of test used along with CC’s layer positioning. The flexural strength study confirms that positioning the CC mix in the tensile region is beneficial since it can increase the flexural strength of a structure because of the hybrid steel fibers included in the mixture. Finally, different codes/specifications and published theoretical results are used to predict the CC’s mechanical properties, and the predictions are not as accurate as the SCC predictions, which can be attributed to the presence of conductive fillers in the CC mix.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microfibres Release from Textile Industry Wastewater Effluents Are Underestimated: Mitigation Actions That Need to Be Prioritised 纺织工业废水中的微纤维释放量被低估：需要优先考虑的缓解措施

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120105

C. K. Chan, James Kar-Hei Fang, Bin Fei, Chi-Wai Kan

{"title":"Microfibres Release from Textile Industry Wastewater Effluents Are Underestimated: Mitigation Actions That Need to Be Prioritised","authors":"C. K. Chan, James Kar-Hei Fang, Bin Fei, Chi-Wai Kan","doi":"10.3390/fib11120105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120105","url":null,"abstract":"The release of microfibres (MFs) from textiles has been observed in various environments, pointing towards the impact of human activities on natural systems. Synthetic textile microfibres, a subset of microplastic fibres (MPFs), are reported to be the primary contributor to microplastic pollution. With the forecasted growth in textile production, the problem of MF pollution is expected to worsen and become more challenging to address. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are crucial in managing microfibre pollution as they can act as a sink and source of these pollutants. Studies have shown that textile industrial effluent can contain MFs at a rate of up to a thousand times higher than municipal wastewater. As more garments are made than sold and worn, the impact of industrial MF release could be higher than predicted. The detection and quantification of microfibres released in industrial wastewater effluents do not have a standard test method, and legislation to address this issue is not yet feasible. To tackle this issue, it is crucial to raise awareness in the industry and tackle it using a more holistic approach. With its urgency, but still being an underdeveloped research area, priorities for mitigation actions are examined where efforts are needed to accelerate. These include the need to raise awareness and encourage more investigations from industry and academia. A consistent protocol will help us to compare studies and find solutions of high impact and measure MFs in WWTPs, which can help define the maximum limit for MF releases and support legislation implementation.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":"59 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymptotic Modeling of Optical Fibres: Annular Capillaries and Microstructured Optical Fibres 光纤渐近建模：环状毛细管和微结构光纤

IF 3.9

Fibers Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/fib11120104

G. Luzi, Vinzenz Klapper, Antonio Delgado

{"title":"Asymptotic Modeling of Optical Fibres: Annular Capillaries and Microstructured Optical Fibres","authors":"G. Luzi, Vinzenz Klapper, Antonio Delgado","doi":"10.3390/fib11120104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11120104","url":null,"abstract":"Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) are a new type of optical fibres that possess a wide range of optical properties and many advantages over common optical fibres. Those are provided by unique structures defined by a pattern of periodic or quasi-periodic arrangement of air holes that run through the fibre length. In recent years, MOFs have opened up new possibilities in the field of optics and photonics, enabling the development of advanced devices and novel optical systems for different applications. The key application areas of MOFs vary from telecommunications and high-power energy transmission to quantum optics and sensing. The stack-and-draw method is a standard manufacturing technique for MOFs, where a preform is first manually created and then drawn in a sophisticated furnace into a fibre with the required final dimensions and position of the air holes. During the manufacturing process, experimenters can control only a few parameters, and mathematical models and numerical simulations of the drawing process are highly requested. They not only allow to deepen the understanding of physical phenomena occurring during the drawing process, but they also accurately predict the final cross-section shape and size of the fibre. In this manuscript, we assume thermal equilibrium between the furnace and the fibre and propose a functional form of the fibre temperature distribution. We utilise it with asymptotic mass, momentum, and evolution equations for free surfaces already available in the literature to describe the process of fibre drawing. By doing so, the complex heat exchange problem between the fibre and the furnace need not be solved. The numerical results of the whole asymptotic model overall agree well with experimental data available in the literature, both for the case of annular capillaries and for the case of holey fibres.","PeriodicalId":12122,"journal":{"name":"Fibers","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0