AIChE Journal最新文献

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Self-tuning moving horizon estimation of nonlinear systems via physics-informed machine learning Koopman modeling 通过物理信息机器学习库普曼建模实现非线性系统的自调整移动地平线估计
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18649
Mingxue Yan, Minghao Han, Adrian Wing-Keung Law, Xunyuan Yin
{"title":"Self-tuning moving horizon estimation of nonlinear systems via physics-informed machine learning Koopman modeling","authors":"Mingxue Yan, Minghao Han, Adrian Wing-Keung Law, Xunyuan Yin","doi":"10.1002/aic.18649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18649","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose a physics-informed learning-based Koopman modeling approach and present a Koopman-based self-tuning moving horizon estimation design for a class of nonlinear systems. Specifically, we train Koopman operators and two neural networks—the state lifting network and the noise characterization network—using both data and available physical information. The first network accounts for the nonlinear lifting functions for the Koopman model, while the second network characterizes the system noise distributions. Accordingly, a stochastic linear Koopman model is established in the lifted space to forecast the dynamic behaviors of the nonlinear system. Based on the Koopman model, a self-tuning linear moving horizon estimation (MHE) scheme is developed. The weighting matrices of the MHE design are updated using the pretrained noise characterization network at each sampling instant. The proposed estimation scheme is computationally efficient, as only convex optimization needs to be solved during online implementation, and updating the weighting matrices of the MHE scheme does not require re-training the neural networks. We verify the effectiveness and evaluate the performance of the proposed method via the application to a simulated chemical process.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal design of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline network considering separation systems 考虑分离系统的氢混天然气管网优化设计
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18648
Shiya Gu, Yunhai Bai, Yachao Dong, Jian Du
{"title":"Optimal design of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline network considering separation systems","authors":"Shiya Gu, Yunhai Bai, Yachao Dong, Jian Du","doi":"10.1002/aic.18648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18648","url":null,"abstract":"Blending hydrogen into existing natural gas pipelines is considered the most feasible choice for long-distance, large-scale hydrogen transportation in the early stage of hydrogen economy development. To integrate the optimization of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline network and subsequent hydrogen/natural gas separation process, this article presents a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model, aiming to minimize the total annual project net cost. To tackle the computational complexity resulting from the large-scale and nonlinear nature of practical design problems, a decomposition algorithm is tailored to the proposed model. Two case studies demonstrate that compared to stepwise model, the proposed pipeline-separation integrated model offers economic benefits and practical value, incorporating separation processes and satisfying constraints of hydrogen demand, pressure and blending ratio requirements, which achieves an economically optimal design for both pipeline transportation and separation systems, and provides a viable solution for the broader application of hydrogen-blended natural gas networks.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An experimental study of pressure drop characteristics under single-phase flow through packed bed microreactors 填料床微反应器中单相流压降特性的实验研究
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18640
Lu Zhang, Arne Hommes, Remon Schuring, Jun Yue
{"title":"An experimental study of pressure drop characteristics under single-phase flow through packed bed microreactors","authors":"Lu Zhang, Arne Hommes, Remon Schuring, Jun Yue","doi":"10.1002/aic.18640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18640","url":null,"abstract":"Packed bed microreactors offer a promising platform for intensifying heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. To understand hydrodynamics therein, N<sub>2</sub> or water flow was investigated experimentally through microreactors packed with glass beads in this work, corresponding to a microreactor to particle diameter ratio (<i>D</i>/<i>d</i>) of 1.29–25.12. The porosity of a single pellet string microreactor (<i>D</i>/<i>d</i> &lt; 1.866) agrees with the literature's theoretical equation. For microreactors with larger <i>D</i>/<i>d</i> ratios, an empirical porosity correlation is proposed to address the dense packing nature of the bed. The existing correlations are inadequate to describe the pressure drop data in microreactors within the entire <i>D</i>/<i>d</i> ratios and modified Reynolds numbers (<i>Re</i><sub><i>m</i></sub> &lt; 291). At <i>D</i>/<i>d</i> ≥ 3, the measured pressure drop is described by the modified Ergun equation using properties of the bulk bed zone to exclude the wall effect. At <i>D</i>/<i>d</i> &lt; 3, it can be predicted by introducing a correction term for the wall effect into the Ergun equation.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anatase-reinforced PtZn@Silicalite-1 structured catalysts boosting propane dehydrogenation 无铬酸盐增强型 PtZn@Silicalite-1 结构催化剂促进丙烷脱氢
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18650
Liming Xia, Bofeng Zhang, Gang Hou, Shuo Zhang, Li Wang, Guozhu Liu
{"title":"Anatase-reinforced PtZn@Silicalite-1 structured catalysts boosting propane dehydrogenation","authors":"Liming Xia, Bofeng Zhang, Gang Hou, Shuo Zhang, Li Wang, Guozhu Liu","doi":"10.1002/aic.18650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18650","url":null,"abstract":"Structured catalysts exhibit the advantages of high diffusion efficiency and low heat transfer resistance, which have attracted increasing attention to non-adiabatic gas–solid process. However, the metal-supported coating catalysts face the problems of weaker bond strength and severe sintering, especially under the conditions of large flow rate and high temperature. Herein, metal@Silicalite-1 structured catalysts with high adhesion and thermal stability were successfully prepared by hydroxylating the substrate with anatase. Rich surface Ti-OH significantly strengthened the adhesion stability of the zeolite coating. In propane dehydrogenation reaction, the optimized PtZn@S-1-15Ti showed a high specific activity of 49.6 mol<sub>C3H6</sub>·mol<sub>Pt</sub><sup>−1</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> with propylene selectivity above 99% at 600°C. The introduction of anatase accelerated the aggregation of silicon sources and induced nucleation with growth content of zeolite increased by 3.6 times. It breaks the inherent contradiction between high loading amount and strong binding ability of coated catalysts, which broadens the avenues for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lignin‐carbon buffered Cu sites for clean H2 evolution coupled to lignin upgrading to jet fuel precursor 木质素-碳缓冲 Cu 位点用于清洁 H2 演化,并将木质素升级为喷气燃料前体
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18651
Xiaofei Wang, Jinbin Liao, Xueqing Qiu, Yaxin Deng, Xuliang Lin, Yanlin Qin
{"title":"Lignin‐carbon buffered Cu sites for clean H2 evolution coupled to lignin upgrading to jet fuel precursor","authors":"Xiaofei Wang, Jinbin Liao, Xueqing Qiu, Yaxin Deng, Xuliang Lin, Yanlin Qin","doi":"10.1002/aic.18651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18651","url":null,"abstract":"Solar‐driven photocatalysis is a promising strategy for clean hydrogen (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) generation cooperated with selective organic synthesis. Lignin, rich in aromatic units and functional groups, serves as an ideal hole sacrificial agent and substrate, facilitating H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> evolution and yielding high‐value chemicals/fuels. To boost overall photocatalytic redox efficiency, thermal catalysis was further combined to enhance the transfer and activity of photo‐generated carriers. And a highly controllable Cu‐based catalyst was developed using technical lignin‐carbon as an electron buffer. The active‐pyrolyzed lignin‐carbon layer precisely regulated the crystal dispersion of Cu species on Cu/SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, simultaneously dynamically constructing active electron‐rich Cu<jats:sup>0</jats:sup> and electron‐deficient Cu<jats:sup><jats:italic>σ</jats:italic>+</jats:sup> (1 &lt; <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> ≤ 2) sites. Excellent thermo‐photo redox performances were achieved, with an H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> evolution rate up to 1313.2 μmol·g<jats:sub>cat</jats:sub><jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>·h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and a yield of 45.2% for C13–C16 aromatic dimers from lignin monomers. This study reveals the highly utilization of lignin in functional catalysts, as well as the efficient production of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and jet fuel precursors.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing supramolecular interactions within metal–organic frameworks for ultra‐high purity propylene purification 优化金属有机框架内的超分子相互作用,实现超高纯度丙烯纯化
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18646
Tong Li, Lu Zhang, Yong Wang, Xiaoxia Jia, Hui Chen, Yongjian Li, Qi Shi, Lin‐Bing Sun, Jinping Li, Banglin Chen, Libo Li
{"title":"Optimizing supramolecular interactions within metal–organic frameworks for ultra‐high purity propylene purification","authors":"Tong Li, Lu Zhang, Yong Wang, Xiaoxia Jia, Hui Chen, Yongjian Li, Qi Shi, Lin‐Bing Sun, Jinping Li, Banglin Chen, Libo Li","doi":"10.1002/aic.18646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18646","url":null,"abstract":"Purifying ultra‐high purity propylene (&gt;99.995%) with an energy‐efficient adsorptive separation method is a promising yet challenging technology that remains unfulfilled. Instead of solely considering the effect of adsorbents on guest molecules, we propose a synergistic adsorption mechanism for the deep removal of propane and propyne, utilizing supramolecular interactions in both “host‐guest” and “guest‐guest” systems. Through modulation of the pore environment, Ni‐DMOF‐DM exhibits exceptionally high adsorption capacities for propane and propyne (171 and 197 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/g at ambient temperature and pressure, respectively), and unprecedented propane/propylene separation selectivity (2.74). Theoretical calculations confirm the geometric interactions of C‐H···π bonds and C‐H···O hydrogen bonds resulting from host‐guest interactions, alongside C‐H···H guest‐guest interactions within the confined pore space. Breakthrough experiments demonstrated that ultra‐high purity propylene (propane &lt; 0.005% and propyne &lt; 1.0 ppm) can be directly collected from ternary mixtures on Ni‐DMOF‐DM, achieving a productivity of up to 152.14 L/kg.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liquid holdup of gas–liquid two-phase flow in micro-packed beds reactors 微型堆积床反应器中气液两相流的液体截留量
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18636
Keyi Chen, Yangcheng Lu
{"title":"Liquid holdup of gas–liquid two-phase flow in micro-packed beds reactors","authors":"Keyi Chen, Yangcheng Lu","doi":"10.1002/aic.18636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18636","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid holdup is a crucial factor in the study of hydrodynamic behaviors in the micro-packed bed reactor (μPBR). In this work, the values of liquid holdup are studied with the weighing method with good accuracy. The packed bed is a tube made of stainless steel with a length of 20 cm and an inner diameter of 4 mm, packed with 177–250 μm or 350–500 μm microbeads. The gas and liquid flow rates vary from 5 to 20 mL/min and 0.25 to 2 mL/min, respectively. A new hypothesis of the flow regions is proposed based on the experimental results. Furthermore, a new set of empirical correlation is built with great agreement, particularly for viscous liquids, whose viscosity ranges from 0.99 to 5.98 mPa·s, showing an atypical tendency.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reverse design of molecule-process-process networks: A case study from HEN-ORC system 分子-过程-过程网络的逆向设计:HEN-ORC 系统案例研究
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18643
Xiaodong Hong, Xuan Dong, Zuwei Liao, Jingyuan Sun, Jingdai Wang, Yongrong Yang
{"title":"Reverse design of molecule-process-process networks: A case study from HEN-ORC system","authors":"Xiaodong Hong, Xuan Dong, Zuwei Liao, Jingyuan Sun, Jingdai Wang, Yongrong Yang","doi":"10.1002/aic.18643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18643","url":null,"abstract":"The integrated design of the heat exchanger network (HEN) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system with new working fluids is a complex optimization problem. It involves navigating a vast design space across working fluid molecules, ORC processes, and networks. In this article, a new two-stage reverse strategy is developed. The optimal HEN-ORC configurations and operating conditions, and the thermodynamic properties of the hypothetical working fluid are identified by an equation of state (EOS) free HEN-ORC model in the first stage. With two developed group contribution-artificial neural network thermodynamic property prediction models, working fluid molecules are screened out in the second stage from a database containing more than 430,000 hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). The presented method is employed in two cases, where new working fluids are found. The total annual cost of Case 1 is 12%–22% lower than the literature, and the power output of Case 2 is 5%–8% higher than the literature.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vapor–liquid phase equilibrium prediction for mixtures of binary systems using graph neural networks 利用图神经网络预测二元系统混合物的气液相平衡
IF 3.7 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18637
Jinke Sun, Jianfei Xue, Guangyu Yang, Jingde Li, Wei Zhang
{"title":"Vapor–liquid phase equilibrium prediction for mixtures of binary systems using graph neural networks","authors":"Jinke Sun, Jianfei Xue, Guangyu Yang, Jingde Li, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/aic.18637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18637","url":null,"abstract":"Vapor–liquid phase equilibrium (VLE) plays a crucial role in chemical process design, process equipment control, and experimental process simulation. However, experimental acquisition of VLE data is a challenging and complex task. As an alternative to experimentation, VLE data prediction offers great convenience and utility. In this article, an artificial intelligence network is proposed to predict the temperature and the vapor phase composition of binary mixtures. We constructed a graph neural network (GNN) and designed an uncertainty-aware learning and inference mechanism (UALF) in the prediction process. The model was tested on both a self-constructed dataset and a publicly available dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reveals the phase equilibrium properties of the target data. This work presents a novel approach for predicting vapor–liquid phase equilibrium in binary systems and proposes innovative ideas for investigating phase equilibrium mechanisms and principles.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a controlled heating apparatus for long-term MRI of 3D microfluidic tumor models 开发并验证用于三维微流控肿瘤模型长期磁共振成像的受控加热装置
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18638
Hassan Alkhadrawi, Kokeb Dese, Dhruvi M. Panchal, Alexander R. Pueschel, Kasey A. Freshwater, Amanda Stewart, Haleigh Henderson, Michael Elkins, Raj T. Dave, Hunter Wilson, John W. Bennewitz, Margaret F. Bennewitz
{"title":"Development and validation of a controlled heating apparatus for long-term MRI of 3D microfluidic tumor models","authors":"Hassan Alkhadrawi,&nbsp;Kokeb Dese,&nbsp;Dhruvi M. Panchal,&nbsp;Alexander R. Pueschel,&nbsp;Kasey A. Freshwater,&nbsp;Amanda Stewart,&nbsp;Haleigh Henderson,&nbsp;Michael Elkins,&nbsp;Raj T. Dave,&nbsp;Hunter Wilson,&nbsp;John W. Bennewitz,&nbsp;Margaret F. Bennewitz","doi":"10.1002/aic.18638","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aic.18638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional testing of novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involves cell and animal studies. However, 2D cultures lack dynamic flow and <i>in vivo</i> MRI is limited by regulatory approval of long-term anesthesia use. Microfluidic tumor models (MTMs) offer a cost-effective, reproducible, and high throughput platform for bridging cell and animal models. Yet, MRI of microfluidic devices is challenging, due to small fluid volumes generating low sensitivity. For the first time, an MRI of MTMs was performed at low field strength (1 T) using conventional imaging equipment without microcoils. To enable longitudinal MRI, we developed (1) CHAMP-3 (controlled heating apparatus for microfluidics and portability) which heats MTMs during MRI scans and (2) an MRI-compatible temperature monitoring system. CHAMP-3 maintained chip surface temperature at ~37°C and the media inside at ~35.5°C. Enhanced T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI contrast was achieved in 3D MTMs with free manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) solutions and Mn<sup>2+</sup> labeled tumor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"70 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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